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Hafeez S, Koh M, Jones K, Ghzal AE, D’Arcy J, Kumar P, Khoo V, Lalondrelle S, McDonald F, Thompson A, Scurr E, Sohaib A, Huddart RA. Diffusion-weighted MRI to determine response and long-term clinical outcomes in muscle-invasive bladder cancer following neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Front Oncol 2022; 12:961393. [PMID: 36452501 PMCID: PMC9702046 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.961393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aims to determine local treatment response and long-term survival outcomes in patients with localised muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) using diffusion-weighted MRI (DWI) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) analysis. Methods Patients with T2-T4aN0-3M0 bladder cancer suitable for NAC were recruited prospectively. DWI was performed prior to NAC and was repeated following NAC completion. Conventional response assessment was performed with cystoscopy and tumour site biopsy. Response was dichotomised into response ( Results Forty-eight patients (96 DWI) were evaluated. NAC response was associated with significant increase in mean ΔADC and %ΔADC compared to poor response (ΔADCall 0.32×10-3 versus 0.11×10-3 mm2/s; p=0.009, and %ΔADCall 21.70% versus 8.23%; p=0.013). Highest specificity predicting response was seen at 75th percentile ADC (AUC, 0.8; p=0.01). Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive power, and negative predictive power of %ΔADCb100 75th percentile was 73.7%, 90.0%, 96.6%, and 52.9%, respectively. %ΔADCb100 75th percentile >15.5% was associated with significant improvement in OS (HR, 0.40; 95% CI, 0.19-0.86; p=0.0179), bCSS (HR, 0.26; 95% CI, 0.08-0.82; p=0.0214), PFS (HR, 0.16; 95% CI, 0.05-0.48; p=0.0012), and time to cystectomy (HR, 0.19; 95% CI, 0.07-0.47; p=0.0004). Conclusions Quantitative ADC analysis can successfully identify NAC response and improved long-term clinical outcomes. Multi-centre validation to assess reproducibility and repeatability is required before testing within clinical trials to inform MIBC treatment decision making. Advances in knowledge We successfully demonstrated that measured change in DWI can successfully identify NAC response and improved long-term survival outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaista Hafeez
- Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
- Urology Unit, The Royal Marsden National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mu Koh
- Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The Royal Marsden National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kelly Jones
- Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
- Urology Unit, The Royal Marsden National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Amir El Ghzal
- Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
- Urology Unit, The Royal Marsden National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - James D’Arcy
- Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pardeep Kumar
- Urology Unit, The Royal Marsden National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Vincent Khoo
- Urology Unit, The Royal Marsden National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Susan Lalondrelle
- Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Fiona McDonald
- Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alan Thompson
- Urology Unit, The Royal Marsden National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Erica Scurr
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The Royal Marsden National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Aslam Sohaib
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The Royal Marsden National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Anthony Huddart
- Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
- Urology Unit, The Royal Marsden National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
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Ahmed SA, Taher MGA, Ali WA, Ebrahem MAES. Diagnostic performance of contrast-enhanced dynamic and diffusion-weighted MR imaging in the assessment of tumor response to neoadjuvant therapy in muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Abdom Radiol (NY) 2021; 46:2712-2721. [PMID: 33547919 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-021-02963-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the diagnostic performance of DCE MRI and DWI in the assessment of pathologic complete response (pCR) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). METHODS This prospective study included 90 patients with MIBC who finished NAC. Two radiologists independently assessed MRI for the determination of semi-quantitative parameters (wash-in rate and wash-out rate) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value. The correlation between pCR and wash-in rate, wash-out rate, ADC value were analyzed. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) was used to evaluate the diagnostic performance for detecting pCR. Inter-reader agreement was assessed using the ICC statistics. RESULTS On cystectomy specimens, pCR was confirmed in (43.3%, 39/90). pCR is negatively correlated with wash-out rate (r = - 0.701, p = 0.01) and ADC value (r = - 0.621, p = 0.01). ADC value is positively correlated with wash-out rate (r = 0.631, p = 0.001). The diagnostic accuracy of ADC value (cut-off value: 0.911 × 10-3mm2/s) and wash-out rate (cut-off value: 0.677 min-1) in the identification of pCR was (92% for reader 1, 91% for reader 2), and (90% for reader 1, 88% for reader 2), respectively. The sensitivity, specificity for predicting pCR using ADC value + washout rate cut off values were 95.4%, 97.7% for reader 1, and 96%, 97% for reader 2, respectively. AUC was 0.981 for reader 1, 0.971 for reader 2. The overall reproducibility of the mean ADC value and wash out rate was excellent (ICC = 0.83-0.90). The ICC values for the mean ADC value, washout rate was 0.89 (95% CI 0.84-0.89) and 0.87 (95% CI 0.86-0.91), respectively. CONCLUSION Semi-quantitative parameter (wash-out) derived from DCE-MRI and ADC has the potential to assess the tumor's complete pathologic response. The two parameters using together can offer the best possibility to identify complete response to NAC in MIBC.
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Necchi A, Bandini M, Calareso G, Raggi D, Pederzoli F, Farè E, Colecchia M, Marandino L, Bianchi M, Gallina A, Colombo R, Fossati N, Gandaglia G, Capitanio U, Dehò F, Giannatempo P, Lucianò R, Salonia A, Madison R, Ali SM, Chung JH, Ross JS, Briganti A, Montorsi F, De Cobelli F, Messina A. Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging as a Noninvasive Assessment of Tumor Response to Neoadjuvant Pembrolizumab in Muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer: Preliminary Findings from the PURE-01 Study. Eur Urol 2019; 77:636-643. [PMID: 31882281 DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2019.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the PURE-01 study, pembrolizumab was given preoperatively before radical cystectomy in clinical T2-4aN0M0 patients. An accurate clinical response assessment may be useful for developing new perioperative strategies in these patients. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association between bladder multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) findings after pembrolizumab and the pathological complete response (CR; pT0). DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Patients were staged using bladder mpMRI whereby radiologists were asked to characterize the following parameters: residual disease at T1- and T2-weighted images (step 1: yes/no), presence of hyperintense spots within the bladder wall on diffusion-weighted imaging (step 2: yes/no), and presence of pathological contrast enhancement (step 3: yes/no), before and after three cycles of pembrolizumab. Examinations were internally assessed by two senior radiologists and externally evaluated by a third senior radiologist. INTERVENTION To evaluate bladder tumor response after neoadjuvant pembrolizumab, mpMRI was used. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS The primary objective was to predict the pT0 after neoadjuvant pembrolizumab by relying on the mpMRI findings. Cohen's kappa statistics was used to assess interobserver variability. Univariable analyses for pT0 were performed including internal and external post-therapy mpMRI steps. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS From February 2017 to October 2018, 82 patients (164 total mpMRI assessments) were analyzed. The agreement between the internal and external mpMRI assessments after therapy was acceptable (κ values ranging from 0.5 to 0.76). Each mpMRI step was significantly associated with pT0 in both internal and external assessments. In patients with CR/no evidence of residual disease (NED) in all internally evaluated mpMRI steps (N = 37), the pT0 was seen in 23 (62%), compared with 19 of 26 externally evaluated NED patients (73%). CONCLUSIONS In post-pembrolizumab muscle-invasive bladder cancer, mpMRI sequence assessment had acceptable interobserver variability and represented the basis for the proposal of a radiological CR/NED status definition predicting the pT0 response to pembrolizumab. After validation of these findings with external datasets, we propose this tool for developing bladder-sparing immunotherapy maintenance therapies. PATIENT SUMMARY Assessment of the extent of disease in patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer using conventional imaging yields serious limitations. In the PURE-01 study, we evaluated the potential of bladder multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to predict the pathological complete response to neoadjuvant pembrolizumab. After validation with larger datasets, the proposed stepwise assessment incorporating multiparametric MRI sequences will be used at our center to develop bladder-sparing approaches in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Necchi
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milano, Italy.
| | - Marco Bandini
- Unit of Urology, Division of Experimental Oncology, Urological Research Institute (URI), IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Daniele Raggi
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milano, Italy
| | - Filippo Pederzoli
- Unit of Urology, Division of Experimental Oncology, Urological Research Institute (URI), IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Farè
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Laura Marandino
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milano, Italy
| | - Marco Bianchi
- Unit of Urology, Division of Experimental Oncology, Urological Research Institute (URI), IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Gallina
- Unit of Urology, Division of Experimental Oncology, Urological Research Institute (URI), IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Renzo Colombo
- Unit of Urology, Division of Experimental Oncology, Urological Research Institute (URI), IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicola Fossati
- Unit of Urology, Division of Experimental Oncology, Urological Research Institute (URI), IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Giorgio Gandaglia
- Unit of Urology, Division of Experimental Oncology, Urological Research Institute (URI), IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Umberto Capitanio
- Unit of Urology, Division of Experimental Oncology, Urological Research Institute (URI), IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Federico Dehò
- Unit of Urology, Division of Experimental Oncology, Urological Research Institute (URI), IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Roberta Lucianò
- Unit of Urology, Division of Experimental Oncology, Urological Research Institute (URI), IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Salonia
- Unit of Urology, Division of Experimental Oncology, Urological Research Institute (URI), IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Siraj M Ali
- Foundation Medicine Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jon H Chung
- Foundation Medicine Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jeffrey S Ross
- Foundation Medicine Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA; Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Alberto Briganti
- Unit of Urology, Division of Experimental Oncology, Urological Research Institute (URI), IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Montorsi
- Unit of Urology, Division of Experimental Oncology, Urological Research Institute (URI), IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco De Cobelli
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy; Clinical and Experimental Radiology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milano, Italy
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