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Slack JC, Church AJ. Molecular Alterations in Pediatric Solid Tumors. Clin Lab Med 2024; 44:277-304. [PMID: 38821645 DOI: 10.1016/j.cll.2023.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Pediatric tumors can be divided into hematologic malignancies, central nervous system tumors, and extracranial solid tumors of bone, soft tissue, or other organ systems. Molecular alterations that impact diagnosis, prognosis, treatment, and familial cancer risk have been described in many pediatric solid tumors. In addition to providing a concise summary of clinically relevant molecular alterations in extracranial pediatric solid tumors, this review discusses conventional and next-generation sequencing-based molecular techniques, relevant tumor predisposition syndromes, and the increasing integration of molecular data into the practice of diagnostic pathology for children with solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan C Slack
- Pathology & Laboratory Medicine Institute (Robert J. Tomsich), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Alanna J Church
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Xie M, Wang C, Li Z, Xu W, Wang Y, Wu Y, Hu R. Effects of remote dignity therapy on mental health among patients with hematologic neoplasms and their significant others: A randomized controlled trial. Int J Nurs Stud 2024; 151:104668. [PMID: 38211363 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2023.104668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Families of patients with hematologic neoplasms involved in dignity therapy have exhibited a remarkable improvement in psychological well-being and family functioning. However, the applicability and generalizability of family participatory dignity therapy are limited as it is influenced by factors such as intervention time, place, and participants. Whether remote support from significant others is feasible and effective remains unknown. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to confirm the efficacy of significant others participating in remote dignity therapy (r-DT) on hope, dignity loss, meaning of life, and sense of stigma among patients with hematologic neoplasms as well as their significant others' depression and anxiety. DESIGN A randomized, single-blinded, two-arm, parallel-group controlled trial. SETTING(S) AND PARTICIPANTS Participants included patients with hematologic neoplasms and their significant others, who were recruited from Fujian Medical University Union Hospital from May 2021 to January 2022. METHODS A total of 72 eligible participants (patients and significant others) agreed to participate, and were randomly assigned to an intervention group (n = 35) or a control group (n = 37). Each pair of participants in the intervention group participated in two or three conversations based on the online video function of the WeChat platform, performed by one therapist in accordance with a specific communication outline. To evaluate the effects of the intervention, we assessed the patients' degree of dignity loss, hope level, meaning of life, and sense of stigma, as well as their significant others' depression, anxiety, and intimacy at baseline (T0), 15 days (T1), 30 days (T2), and 60 days (T3), and compared the scores between the two groups after the completion of the intervention. The Generalized Estimation Equation Model (GEE) was used to examine the effects of time, group, and their interaction. RESULTS The intervention group statistically significantly differed in lower dignity loss (t = 2.190, p = 0.032), higher hope level (t = -2.010, p = 0.049), and higher meaning of life (t = -2.066, p = 0.043) than the control group at T1. Regarding their significant others, the results of the comparison between the two groups showed that significant others in the intervention group had reduced levels of anxiety and depression at T1 and T2 (p < 0.05). The majority of patients (84.38 %) and significant others (75.00 %) provided positive evaluations of the program. CONCLUSIONS The r-DT showed a short-term positive effect on decreasing patients' dignity loss and promoting patients' hope and meaning of life; among their significant others, it decreased anxiety and depression. TRIAL REGISTRATION Registered in the China Clinical Trial Registry on 17 March 2021(ChiCTR2100044374). TWEETABLE ABSTRACT Remote dignity therapy decreased patients' dignity loss and promoted their hope and meaning of life; among their significant others, it decreased anxiety and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengting Xie
- School of Nursing, Fujian Medical University, No. 1 Xueyuan Road, Shangjie Town, Minhou County, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province, China
| | - Chunfeng Wang
- School of Nursing, Fujian Medical University, No. 1 Xueyuan Road, Shangjie Town, Minhou County, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province, China
| | - Zhangjie Li
- School of Nursing, Fujian Medical University, No. 1 Xueyuan Road, Shangjie Town, Minhou County, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province, China
| | - Wenkui Xu
- School of Nursing, Fujian Medical University, No. 1 Xueyuan Road, Shangjie Town, Minhou County, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province, China
| | - Ying Wang
- School of Nursing, Fujian Medical University, No. 1 Xueyuan Road, Shangjie Town, Minhou County, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province, China
| | - Yong Wu
- Department of hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, No. 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province, China.
| | - Rong Hu
- School of Nursing, Fujian Medical University, No. 1 Xueyuan Road, Shangjie Town, Minhou County, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province, China.
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Aoki K, Hyuga M, Tarumoto Y, Nishibuchi G, Ueda A, Ochi Y, Sugino S, Mikami T, Kobushi H, Kato I, Akahane K, Inukai T, Takaori-Kondo A, Takita J, Ogawa S, Yusa K. Canonical BAF complex regulates the oncogenic program in human T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Blood 2024; 143:604-618. [PMID: 37922452 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2023020857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/05/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Acute leukemia cells require bone marrow microenvironments, known as niches, which provide leukemic cells with niche factors that are essential for leukemic cell survival and/or proliferation. However, it remains unclear how the dynamics of the leukemic cell-niche interaction are regulated. Using a genome-wide CRISPR screen, we discovered that canonical BRG1/BRM-associated factor (cBAF), a variant of the switch/sucrose nonfermenting chromatin remodeling complex, regulates the migratory response of human T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) cells to a niche factor CXCL12. Mechanistically, cBAF maintains chromatin accessibility and allows RUNX1 to bind to CXCR4 enhancer regions. cBAF inhibition evicts RUNX1 from the genome, resulting in CXCR4 downregulation and impaired migration activity. In addition, cBAF maintains chromatin accessibility preferentially at RUNX1 binding sites, ensuring RUNX1 binding at these sites, and is required for expression of RUNX1-regulated genes, such as CDK6; therefore, cBAF inhibition negatively impacts cell proliferation and profoundly induces apoptosis. This anticancer effect was also confirmed using T-ALL xenograft models, suggesting cBAF as a promising therapeutic target. Thus, we provide novel evidence that cBAF regulates the RUNX1-driven leukemic program and governs migration activity toward CXCL12 and cell-autonomous growth in human T-ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazunari Aoki
- Stem Cell Genetics, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mizuki Hyuga
- Stem Cell Genetics, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yusuke Tarumoto
- Stem Cell Genetics, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Gohei Nishibuchi
- Stem Cell Genetics, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Atsushi Ueda
- Stem Cell Genetics, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yotaro Ochi
- Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Seiichi Sugino
- Stem Cell Genetics, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takashi Mikami
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Kobushi
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Itaru Kato
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Koshi Akahane
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Takeshi Inukai
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Akifumi Takaori-Kondo
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Junko Takita
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Seishi Ogawa
- Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Medicine, Centre for Haematology and Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kosuke Yusa
- Stem Cell Genetics, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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Liu X, Zhang H, Shi G, Zheng X, Chang J, Lin Q, Tian Z, Yang H. The impact of gut microbial signals on hematopoietic stem cells and the bone marrow microenvironment. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1338178. [PMID: 38415259 PMCID: PMC10896826 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1338178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) undergo self-renewal and differentiation in the bone marrow, which is tightly regulated by cues from the microenvironment. The gut microbiota, a dynamic community residing on the mucosal surface of vertebrates, plays a crucial role in maintaining host health. Recent evidence suggests that the gut microbiota influences HSCs differentiation by modulating the bone marrow microenvironment through microbial products. This paper comprehensively analyzes the impact of the gut microbiota on hematopoiesis and its effect on HSCs fate and differentiation by modifying the bone marrow microenvironment, including mechanical properties, inflammatory signals, bone marrow stromal cells, and metabolites. Furthermore, we discuss the involvement of the gut microbiota in the development of hematologic malignancies, such as leukemia, multiple myeloma, and lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiru Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Biological Diagnosis, Treatment and Protection Technology and Equipment, Xi'an, China
- Research Center of Special Environmental Biomechanics & Medical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Biological Diagnosis, Treatment and Protection Technology and Equipment, Xi'an, China
- Research Center of Special Environmental Biomechanics & Medical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Guolin Shi
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Biological Diagnosis, Treatment and Protection Technology and Equipment, Xi'an, China
- Research Center of Special Environmental Biomechanics & Medical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xinmin Zheng
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Biological Diagnosis, Treatment and Protection Technology and Equipment, Xi'an, China
- Research Center of Special Environmental Biomechanics & Medical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jing Chang
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Biological Diagnosis, Treatment and Protection Technology and Equipment, Xi'an, China
- Research Center of Special Environmental Biomechanics & Medical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
- Medical Service, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Quande Lin
- Medical Service, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhenhao Tian
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Biological Diagnosis, Treatment and Protection Technology and Equipment, Xi'an, China
- Research Center of Special Environmental Biomechanics & Medical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hui Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Biological Diagnosis, Treatment and Protection Technology and Equipment, Xi'an, China
- Research Center of Special Environmental Biomechanics & Medical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
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Li L, Xin L, Yang X, Zou Z. Oncogenic lncRNA FAM215A promotes the malignant cell phenotypes of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cell lines. J Mol Histol 2024; 55:97-108. [PMID: 38165572 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-023-10174-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a form of blood cancer that arise as a result of clonal proliferation of malignant myeloid precursors acquiring genetic abnormalities. Primary resistance to initial treatment and disease recurrence continues to be huge challenge in treating AML. Herein, GSE114868 was analyzed for differentially-expressed lncRNAs between AML patients' mononucleated cells and healthy normal control mononucleated cells and 191 lncRNAs were significantly deregulated in AML patients' mononucleated cells. The correlation between candidate lncRNAs and AML patients' overall survival was analyzed and 6 lncRNAs, including MIR181A1HG, TRAF3IP2-AS1, STARD4-AS1, E2F3-IT1, FAM215A, and HHIP-AS1 were dramatically linked to AML patients' OS. Using a Cox proportional-hazards model, we identified risk factors and found FAM215A as a risk factor for AML patients' prognosis. The expression level of FAM215A showed to be upregulated within blood samples and cells. Genes correlated with FAM215A were correlated to cell division, modulation of cell apoptosis, and modulation of programmed cell death. FAM215A knockdown inhibited AML cell viability, elicited G0/G1-phase arrest of cell cycle, enhanced cell apoptosis, increased proapoptotic Bax and cleaved-caspase3 levels, and decreased antiapoptotic Bcl2. FAM215A overexpression exerted opposite effects on AML cells. Conclusively, FAM215A serves as an oncogenic lncRNA in AML, promoting cell viability, relieving cell cycle arrest, and suppressing cell apoptosis. FAM215A might be un underlying biological prognostic marker and therapeutic target for AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Li
- Department of hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Liuyan Xin
- Department of hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Xiang Yang
- Department of hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Zhengrong Zou
- Department of emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, 128 Jinling Road, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China.
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Dong X, Xue S, Chen C, Jiang Z, Wu X, Wang W. MYCT-1 Gene Expression in Patients with Gastric Cancer: an Ex Vivo Study. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s12010-023-04754-w. [PMID: 38112991 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04754-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Ploidy, p53, bcl-2, and c-myc genes are associated with gastric cancer. Myc target 1 (MYCT1) gene is an oncogenic gene and is associated with cancer progression through different signal transduction pathways identifying the corresponding genes The objective of the study was to evaluate the association between MYCT1 gene expression and gastric cancer. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), western blot analysis, cell growth study, and TUNEL assay were performed for the human gastric cancer cell lines and human embryonic kidney cell line. β-Actin gene preferred as a control in RT-PCR. The ratio of MYCT1 gene expression to β-actin gene expression less than 0.5 was considered as downregulation. Using SDS-PAGE MYCT1 gene expression was measured in western blot analysis. Cells with and without the MYCT1 gene were incubated in 35 mm plates with 10% fetal bovine serum in the cell growth study. TUNEL assay was performed to detect the effect of the MYCT1 gene on the apoptosis of cells. The ratio of MYCT1 gene expression to β-actin gene expression was 0.47 ± 0.01 and 0.76 ± 0.01 for human gastric cancer cell lines and human embryonic kidney cell lines, respectively. MYCT1 gene expression was downregulated in the human gastric cancer cell lines than human embryonic kidney cell line (p < 0.001). MYCT1 gene decreased cell growth (p = 0.041) during 6 days of incubation study of cells. TUNEL assay showed only the fluorescence of PI in BGC823 cells without the MYCT1 gene. MYCT1 gene expression was downregulated in the human gastric cancer cell lines, and MYCT1 gene accelerates the apoptotic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangning Dong
- Department of Oncology, The First People's Hospital of Chuzhou, The Affiliated Chuzhou Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Chuzhou, China.
| | - Song Xue
- Department of Oncology, The First People's Hospital of Chuzhou, The Affiliated Chuzhou Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Chuzhou, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Ultrasound, The First People's Hospital of Chuzhou, The Affiliated Chuzhou Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Chuzhou, China
| | - Zonghui Jiang
- Department of Oncology, The First People's Hospital of Chuzhou, The Affiliated Chuzhou Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Chuzhou, China
| | - Xiangdu Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First People's Hospital of Chuzhou, The Affiliated Chuzhou Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Chuzhou, China
| | - Weifei Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First People's Hospital of Chuzhou, The Affiliated Chuzhou Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Chuzhou, China
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Bansal D, Davidson A, Supriyadi E, Njuguna F, Ribeiro RC, Kaspers GJL. SIOP PODC adapted risk stratification and treatment guidelines: Recommendations for acute myeloid leukemia in resource-limited settings. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2023; 70:e28087. [PMID: 31774234 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.28087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), limited resources, suboptimal risk stratification, and disproportionate patient-to-infrastructure ratio result in low survival of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). A high incidence of relapse, inherent to the biology, renders management arduous. The challenge of treating AML in LMICs is of balancing the intensity of myelosuppressive chemotherapy, which appears necessary for cure, with available supportive care, which influences treatment-related mortality. The recommendations outlined in this paper are based on published evidence and expert opinion. The principle of this adapted protocol is to tailor treatment to available resources, reduce preventable toxic death, and direct limited resources toward those children who are most likely to be cured.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Bansal
- Department of Pediatrics, Hematology-Oncology Unit, Advanced Pediatrics Center, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Alan Davidson
- Haematology-Oncology Service, Red Cross Children's Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Eddy Supriyadi
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Division, Department of Pediatrics, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Festus Njuguna
- Department of Child Health and Paediatrics, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Raul C Ribeiro
- St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Gertjan J L Kaspers
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Liu Y, Chen Y, Cai M, Hong Y, Wu X, Li S. m5C methylation modification guides the prognostic value and immune landscapes in acute myeloid leukemia. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:9858-9876. [PMID: 37751592 PMCID: PMC10564437 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
The development, incidence, and metastasis of tumors are all intimately correlated with 5-methylcytosine (m5C). However, uncertainty surrounds the function of m5C in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). In this study, multicenter AML data were collected and analyzed comprehensively to grasp the gene expression level, clinicopathological characteristics, prognostic significance of m5C in AML and its relationship with the tumor microenvironment (TME). The m5C gene-mediated scoring system (m5CSS) was created using principal component analysis, and multiple cox regression analyses were utilized to determine the prognostic relevance of the m5C score. The investigation of the correlation among m5C, immune characteristics, clinical characteristics, immune infiltration level, as well as drug reaction at immune checkpoints, and immunotherapy efficacy confirmed that the change of the characteristics of immune cell infiltration and patient prognosis are linked with the m5C gene. Moreover, the m5CSS was employed to assess the pattern of m5C modification. Further analyses showed that the m5C score can served as a reliable indicator of AML prognosis. Crucially, the prognostic value of the m5C score was validated in terms of drug resistance and immunotherapy. This work reveals that AML diversity and the generation of complex TMEs are both impacted by m5C modifications. Therefore, understanding the m5C modification pattern will improve grasp of TME infiltration characteristics and assist exploring more efficient immunotherapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Liu
- Zhanjiang Institute of Clinical Medicine, Zhanjiang Central Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524045, China
| | - Yiying Chen
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Maoping Cai
- Zhanjiang Institute of Clinical Medicine, Zhanjiang Central Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524045, China
| | - Yunguang Hong
- Zhanjiang Institute of Clinical Medicine, Zhanjiang Central Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524045, China
| | - Xiang Wu
- Zhanjiang Institute of Clinical Medicine, Zhanjiang Central Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524045, China
| | - Songyu Li
- Zhanjiang Institute of Clinical Medicine, Zhanjiang Central Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524045, China
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Srinivasan Rajsri K, Roy N, Chakraborty S. Acute Myeloid Leukemia Stem Cells in Minimal/Measurable Residual Disease Detection. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:2866. [PMID: 37345204 PMCID: PMC10216329 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15102866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a hematological malignancy characterized by an abundance of incompletely matured or immature clonally derived hematopoietic precursors called leukemic blasts. Rare leukemia stem cells (LSCs) that can self-renew as well as give rise to leukemic progenitors comprising the bulk of leukemic blasts are considered the cellular reservoir of disease initiation and maintenance. LSCs are widely thought to be relatively resistant as well as adaptive to chemotherapy and can cause disease relapse. Therefore, it is imperative to understand the molecular bases of LSC forms and functions during different stages of disease progression, so we can more accurately identify these cells and design therapies to target them. Irrespective of the morphological, cytogenetic, and cellular heterogeneity of AML, the uniform, singularly important and independently significant prognosticator of disease response to therapy and patient outcome is measurable or minimal residual disease (MRD) detection, defined by residual disease detection below the morphology-based 5% blast threshold. The importance of LSC identification and frequency estimation during MRD detection, in order to make MRD more effective in predicting disease relapse and modifying therapeutic regimen is becoming increasingly apparent. This review focuses on summarizing functional and cellular composition-based LSC identification and linking those studies to current techniques of MRD detection to suggest LSC-inclusive MRD detection as well as outline outstanding questions that need to be addressed to improve the future of AML clinical management and treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kritika Srinivasan Rajsri
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; (K.S.R.); (N.R.)
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Nainita Roy
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; (K.S.R.); (N.R.)
| | - Sohini Chakraborty
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; (K.S.R.); (N.R.)
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10
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Mao X, Yin R, Liu L, Zhou Y, Yang C, Fang C, Jiang H, Guo Q, Tian X. Clinical impact of c-KIT and CEBPA mutations in 33 patients with corebinding factor (Non-M3) acute myeloid leukemia. Pediatr Neonatol 2023:S1875-9572(23)00019-0. [PMID: 36809862 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedneo.2022.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Corebinding factor acute myeloid leukemia (CBF-AML) is the most common cytogenetic subtype of pediatric AML. CBF-AML is associated with a relatively favorable outcome, although the relapse rate of approximately 40% indicates a high degree of clinical heterogeneity. The clinical impact of additional cytogenetic aberrations, including c-KIT and CEBPA mutations, in pediatric CBF-AML has not been well characterized, especially in the multi-ethnic region of Yunnan Province in China. METHODS In this study, we retrospectively analyzed the clinical features, gene mutations, and prognoses of 72 pediatric patients newly diagnosed with non-M3 AML in Kunming Children's Hospital, China, from January 1, 2015 to May 31, 2020. RESULTS Of the 72 pediatric patients with AML, 46% (33/72) had CBF-AML. Thirteen patients with CBF-AML (39%) had c-KIT mutations, five (15%) had CEBPA mutations, and eleven (33.3%) had no other cytogenetic aberrations. The c-KIT mutations, resulting from single nucleotide substitutions and small insertions or deletions, occurred in exons 8 and 17. All of the CBF-AML-associated CEBPA mutations were single mutations and occurred in patients with RUNX1-RUNX1T1 fusion. We found no significant differences in the clinical data between CBF-AML patients with c-KIT or CEBPA mutations and CBF-AML patients without other aberrations, and no prognostic significance was established for these mutations. CONCLUSION Our study is the first to report the clinical impact of c-KIT and CEBPA mutations in pediatric patients with non-M3 CBF-AML from the multi-ethnic Yunnan Province, China. c-KIT and CEBPA mutations occurred at a higher frequency in CBF-AML cases and were associated with unique clinical characteristics; however, no potential molecular prognostic markers were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Mao
- Department of Pediatrics, Children Hematological Oncology and Birth Defects Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Birth Defects, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China; Kunming Medical University, Kunming City, Yunnan province, China
| | - Runxiu Yin
- Department of Hematology, Kunming Children's Hospital (The Affiliated Children's Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Children's Major Disease Research), Kunming Medical University, Kunming City, Yunnan province, China
| | - Li Liu
- Kunming Medical University, Kunming City, Yunnan province, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Kunming Children's Hospital (The Affiliated Children's Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Children's Major Disease Research), Kunming Medical University, Kunming City, Yunnan province, China
| | - Chunhui Yang
- Department of Hematology, Kunming Children's Hospital (The Affiliated Children's Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Children's Major Disease Research), Kunming Medical University, Kunming City, Yunnan province, China
| | - Chunlian Fang
- Department of Hematology, Kunming Children's Hospital (The Affiliated Children's Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Children's Major Disease Research), Kunming Medical University, Kunming City, Yunnan province, China
| | - Hongchao Jiang
- Department of Hematology, Kunming Children's Hospital (The Affiliated Children's Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Children's Major Disease Research), Kunming Medical University, Kunming City, Yunnan province, China
| | - Qulian Guo
- Department of Pediatrics, Children Hematological Oncology and Birth Defects Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Birth Defects, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Xin Tian
- Department of Hematology, Kunming Children's Hospital (The Affiliated Children's Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Children's Major Disease Research), Kunming Medical University, Kunming City, Yunnan province, China.
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11
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Jiang YZ, Wei ZL, Wang NN, Huang C, Huang J, Yan JW, Wang R, Yu ZZ, Huang DP. Clinical characteristics of a patient with de novo acute promyelocytic leukemia with JAK2 v617f mutation. HEMATOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2022; 27:1290-1293. [PMID: 36476114 DOI: 10.1080/16078454.2022.2153200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The V617F mutation of Janus-associated kinase 2 (JAK2) is common in myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN). JAK2 V617F mutation can be detected in patients with de novo acute myeloid leukemia (AML), but de novo acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) with JAK2 V617F mutation is rare. CASE PRESENTATION We report a case of APL with both the t(15;17) translocation as well as the JAK2 V617F mutation that transformed into MPN (PV/ET). CONCLUSIONS A de novo APL patient presented initially with JAK2 V617F. After ATRA and ATO dual induction and chemotherapy consolidation, the patient achieved complete remission (CR) with undetectable PML/RARα. However, the JAK2 V617F remained positive, and the patient developed MPN (PV/ET) 22 months later, which responded well to interferon therapy.AML, acute myeloid leukemia; APL, acute promyelocytic leukemia; ATRA, all-trans retinoic acid; ATO, arsenic trioxide; BM, bone marrow; CR, complete remission; ET, essential thrombocythemia; Hb, hemoglobin; JAK2, Janus-associated kinase 2; MPN, myeloproliferative neoplasms; PLT, platelets; PMF, primary myelofibrosis; PML/RARα; PV, polycythemia vera; WBC, white blood cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Zhi Jiang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong-Ling Wei
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, People's Republic of China
| | - Na-Na Wang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Huang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Huang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Wei Yan
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, People's Republic of China
| | - Ran Wang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng-Zhi Yu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong-Ping Huang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, People's Republic of China
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12
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[Chinese expert consensus of the allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for pediatric acute myeloid leukemia (not APL) (2022)]. ZHONGHUA XUE YE XUE ZA ZHI = ZHONGHUA XUEYEXUE ZAZHI 2022; 43:802-809. [PMID: 36709193 PMCID: PMC9669633 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-2727.2022.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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13
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Xu X, Qi J, Yang J, Pan T, Han H, Yang M, Han Y. Up-Regulation of TRIM32 Associated With the Poor Prognosis of Acute Myeloid Leukemia by Integrated Bioinformatics Analysis With External Validation. Front Oncol 2022; 12:848395. [PMID: 35756612 PMCID: PMC9213666 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.848395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a malignant and molecularly heterogeneous disease. It is essential to clarify the molecular mechanisms of AML and develop targeted treatment strategies to improve patient prognosis. Methods AML mRNA expression data and survival status were extracted from TCGA and GEO databases (GSE37642, GSE76009, GSE16432, GSE12417, GSE71014). Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and differential gene expression analysis were performed. Functional enrichment analysis and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network were used to screen out hub genes. In addition, we validated the expression levels of hub genes as well as the prognostic value and externally validated TRIM32 with clinical data from our center. AML cell lines transfected with TRIM32 shRNA were also established to detect the proliferation in vitro. Results A total of 2192 AML patients from TCGA and GEO datasets were included in this study and 20 differentially co-expressed genes were screened by WGCNA and differential gene expression analysis methods. These genes were mainly enriched in phospholipid metabolic processes (biological processes, BP), secretory granule membranes (cellular components, CC), and protein serine/threonine kinase activity (molecular functions, MF). In addition, the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network contains 15 nodes and 15 edges and 10 hub genes (TLE1, GLI2, HDAC9, MICALL2, DOCK1, PDPN, RAB27B, SIX3, TRIM32 and TBX1) were identified. The expression of 10 central genes, except TLE1, was associated with survival status in AML patients (p<0.05). High expression of TRIM32 was tightly associated with poor relapse-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) in AML patients, which was verified in the bone marrow samples from our center. In vitro, knockdown of TRIM32 can inhibit the proliferation of AML cell lines. Conclusion TRIM32 was associated with the progression and prognosis of AML patients and could be a potential therapeutic target and biomarker for AML in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Xu
- National clinical research center for hematologic diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Department of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of Health, Suzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jiaqian Qi
- National clinical research center for hematologic diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Department of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of Health, Suzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jingyi Yang
- National clinical research center for hematologic diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Department of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of Health, Suzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Tingting Pan
- National clinical research center for hematologic diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Department of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of Health, Suzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Haohao Han
- National clinical research center for hematologic diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Department of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of Health, Suzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Meng Yang
- National clinical research center for hematologic diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Department of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of Health, Suzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yue Han
- National clinical research center for hematologic diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Department of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of Health, Suzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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14
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Bone Marrow Fibrosis at Diagnosis and during the Course of Disease Is Associated with TP53 Mutations and Adverse Prognosis in Primary Myelodysplastic Syndrome. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14122984. [PMID: 35740649 PMCID: PMC9221530 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14122984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary To understand the role of bone marrow fibrosis and its molecular changes in myelodysplastic syndrome, we retrospectively analyzed data from 814 patients. Older age, lower hemoglobin, unfavorable karyotype and higher BM blast were more often observed in patients with moderate/severe fibrosis. Cases with bone marrow fibrosis had reduced overall survival. TP53, U2AF1 and KMT2D mutations were more frequent in patients with moderate/severe fibrosis. In addition, 15.1% of patients progressed to moderate/severe fibrosis during the follow-up interval. The clinical features, mutation landscape and prognosis of patients with progressed fibrosis were similar to those patients with moderate/severe fibrosis at diagnosis. We concluded that bone marrow fibrosis was associated with reduced overall survival in primary MDS and correlated with TP53 mutations both at the time of initial diagnosis and during the course of the disease. Abstract The prognostic significance of bone marrow fibrosis (MF) grade in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is still debated and the molecular changes remain unclear. In our large cohort, a normal reticulum was found in 211 (25.9%) patients, whereas MF1, MF2 and MF3 were detected in 478 (58.7%), 90 (11.1%) and 35 (4.3%) patients at initial diagnosis, respectively. Patients with MF often correlated with some poor prognostic characteristics, including older age, anemia, unfavorable karyotype, higher BM blast and a higher IPSS-R category. For the entire cohort, the median OS was not reached, 30, 16 and 15 months for patients with MF 0, 1, 2 and 3, respectively. After adjusting for IPSS-R, the hazard ratio for mortality was 1.56 (95% CI, 1.18–2.06) for patients with MF1, 2.29 (95% CI, 1.61–3.27) for patients with MF2 and 2.75 (95% CI, 1.69–4.49) for patients with MF3 compared with those with MF0. The mutational landscape of 370 patients showed that TP53, U2AF1 and KMT2D mutations were more frequent in patients with MF2-3. In addition, of the 408 patients with MF0-1, 62 patients (15.1%) progressed to MF2-3 during the follow-up interval. The clinical features, mutation landscape and prognosis of patients with progressed fibrosis were similar to those of patients with MF2-3 at diagnosis. We concluded that BM fibrosis (MF1, 2 and 3) was an adverse prognosis feature in primary MDS and correlated with TP53 mutations both at the time of initial diagnosis and during the course of the disease. Therefore, BM fibrosis should be included in the revised prognostic scoring system and carefully considered in treatment selection.
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15
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The genomic and transcriptional landscape of primary central nervous system lymphoma. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2558. [PMID: 35538064 PMCID: PMC9091224 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30050-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary lymphomas of the central nervous system (PCNSL) are mainly diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCLs) confined to the central nervous system (CNS). Molecular drivers of PCNSL have not been fully elucidated. Here, we profile and compare the whole-genome and transcriptome landscape of 51 CNS lymphomas (CNSL) to 39 follicular lymphoma and 36 DLBCL cases outside the CNS. We find recurrent mutations in JAK-STAT, NFkB, and B-cell receptor signaling pathways, including hallmark mutations in MYD88 L265P (67%) and CD79B (63%), and CDKN2A deletions (83%). PCNSLs exhibit significantly more focal deletions of HLA-D (6p21) locus as a potential mechanism of immune evasion. Mutational signatures correlating with DNA replication and mitosis are significantly enriched in PCNSL. TERT gene expression is significantly higher in PCNSL compared to activated B-cell (ABC)-DLBCL. Transcriptome analysis clearly distinguishes PCNSL and systemic DLBCL into distinct molecular subtypes. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)+ CNSL cases lack recurrent mutational hotspots apart from IG and HLA-DRB loci. We show that PCNSL can be clearly distinguished from DLBCL, having distinct expression profiles, IG expression and translocation patterns, as well as specific combinations of genetic alterations.
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16
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Alpert A, Nahman O, Starosvetsky E, Hayun M, Curiel TJ, Ofran Y, Shen-Orr SS. Alignment of single-cell trajectories by tuMap enables high-resolution quantitative comparison of cancer samples. Cell Syst 2022; 13:71-82.e8. [PMID: 34624253 PMCID: PMC8776581 DOI: 10.1016/j.cels.2021.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Single-cell technologies allow characterization of cancer samples as continuous developmental trajectories. Yet, the obtained temporal resolution cannot be leveraged for a comparative analysis due to the large phenotypic heterogeneity existing between patients. Here, we present the tuMap algorithm that exploits high-dimensional single-cell data of cancer samples exhibiting an underlying developmental structure to align them with the healthy development, yielding the tuMap pseudotime axis that allows their systematic, meaningful comparison. We applied tuMap on single-cell mass cytometry data of acute lymphoblastic and myeloid leukemia to reveal associations between the tuMap pseudotime axis and clinics that outperform cellular assignment into developmental populations. Application of the tuMap algorithm on single-cell RNA sequencing data further identified gene signatures of stem cells residing at the very-early parts of the cancer trajectories. The quantitative framework provided by tuMap allows generation of metrics for cancer patients evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayelet Alpert
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3525422, Israel
| | - Ornit Nahman
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3525422, Israel
| | - Elina Starosvetsky
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3525422, Israel
| | - Michal Hayun
- Department of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa 3109601, Israel
| | - Tyler J Curiel
- Department of Medicine/Hematology & Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, the University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Yishai Ofran
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3525422, Israel; Department of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa 3109601, Israel; Department of Hematology, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9103102, Israel.
| | - Shai S Shen-Orr
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3525422, Israel.
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17
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Barriers to seeking psychosocial support among adult patients with hematologic neoplasms: a qualitative study. Support Care Cancer 2021; 30:2613-2620. [PMID: 34812953 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-021-06699-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aims to explore the barriers that adult patients with hematologic neoplasms experience when seeking psychosocial support. METHODS A descriptive qualitative approach was used to investigate the experiences of patients with hematologic neoplasms. Face-to-face, semi-structured, in-depth individual interviews were conducted between June and October 2020 with 17 patients diagnosed with hematologic neoplasms. The interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. A thematic analysis was performed to identify the essential themes. RESULTS Seventeen patients aged 28-67 years completed the interviews. Two themes and six subthemes were identified that describe barriers to seeking psychosocial support. Internal barriers included limited communication, negative emotions, social avoidance, and focusing on treatment rather than psychosocial needs; external barriers included traditional cultural influences and lack of professional support. CONCLUSIONS Significant others were the key source for psychosocial support for patients with hematologic neoplasms. Tackling diverse barriers to accessing psychosocial support remains a challenge for these patients. Healthcare providers should continually assess and provide effective support.
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Abstract
Pediatric tumors can be divided into hematologic malignancies, central nervous system tumors, and extracranial solid tumors of bone, soft tissue, or other organ systems. Molecular alterations that impact diagnosis, prognosis, treatment, and familial cancer risk have been described in many pediatric solid tumors. In addition to providing a concise summary of clinically relevant molecular alterations in extracranial pediatric solid tumors, this review discusses conventional and next-generation sequencing-based molecular techniques, relevant tumor predisposition syndromes, and the increasing integration of molecular data into the practice of diagnostic pathology for children with solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan C Slack
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Alanna J Church
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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19
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Bai Y, Chen C, Guo X, Ding T, Yang X, Yu J, Yang J, Ruan J, Zheng X, Chen Z. miR-638 in circulating leukaemia cells as a non-invasive biomarker in diagnosis, treatment response and MRD surveillance of acute promyelocytic leukaemia. Cancer Biomark 2021; 29:125-137. [PMID: 32568176 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-190899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroRNA (miRNA) expression has been implicated in leukaemia. In recent years, miRNAs have been under investigation for their potential as non-invasive biomarkers in acute promyelocytic leukaemia (APL). We investigated whether miR-638 in circulating leukaemia cells is a non-invasive biomarker in diagnosis, assessment of the treatment response and minimal residual disease (MRD) surveillance of APL. METHODS Sixty cases of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), including 30 cases of APL and 30 cases of non-APL AML, were selected. Thirty healthy controls were also selected. Bone marrow (BM) and peripheral blood (PB) samples were collected from APL patients at diagnosis and post-induction. Microarray analysis and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) were performed for miRNA profiling and miR-638 expression analysis, respectively. For statistical analysis, Mann-Whitney U test, Wilcoxon Signed Rank test, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and Spearman's rho correlation test were used. RESULTS Both microarray and qRT-PCR data showed that miR-638 was significantly upregulated in BM after APL patients received induction therapy. Moreover, miR-638, which is specifically downregulated in APL cell lines, was upregulated after all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA)-induced myeloid differentiation. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses revealed that miR-638 could serve as a valuable biomarker for differentiating APL from controls or non-APL AML. Furthermore, miR-638 expression was sharply increased after induction therapy and complete remission (CR). An inverse correlation was observed between miR-638 and PML-RARα transcripts levels in BM samples, while a positive correlation was revealed between PB miR-638 and BM miR-638 levels in APL patients after induction therapy. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggested that miR-638 may serve as a potential APL biomarker for diagnosis and assessment of the response to targeted therapy, and PB miR-638 could be used for non-invasive MRD surveillance in APL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Bai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- Department of Hematology, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoling Guo
- Center of Scientific Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ting Ding
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinyun Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jian Yu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Junjun Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jichen Ruan
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoqun Zheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhanguo Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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20
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Owattanapanich W, Ruchutrakool T, Pongpruttipan T, Maneerattanaporn M. A 10 -year cohort study of 175 primary gastrointestinal lymphoma cases in Thailand : clinical features and outcomes in the immunochemotherapy era. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 26:249-255. [PMID: 33618613 DOI: 10.1080/16078454.2021.1889160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary gastrointestinal lymphoma (PGIL), an uncommon subtype of lymphoma, accounts for 1%-4% of gastrointestinal cancers. This study, therefore, aimed to investigate the current 10-year epidemiology and outcomes of PGIL. METHODS This retrospective study involved a hospital-based chart review to analyze the epidemiology, clinical features, predisposing factors, and clinical outcomes of patients diagnosed with, and treated for, PGIL. Data covering 10 years was collected of Thai patients aged ≥ 15 years who had been diagnosed as PGIL with pathological confirmation and treated at Siriraj Hospital, Thailand. RESULTS A total of 175 PGIL patients were enrolled. Their median age was 60 years (range, 20-98), with a male predominance. The stomach was the most common site of gastrointestinal (GI) organ involvement by lymphoma (38.9%), followed by the small intestine (23.4%) and multiple sites of GI involvement (23.4%). Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) had the highest proportion of PGIL, accounting for 61.1%. The median patient follow-up time was 13.9 months (range: 0-104.9 months). The median overall survival (OS) of PGIL patients was not reached during the 10 years, with a 5-year OS of 64.4%. The probability of having a better OS was demonstrated in patients with a good performance status who received a rituximab-containing regimen. CONCLUSIONS The stomach was the most common site of lymphoma involvement in the GI tract, with DLBCL accounting for the highest proportion of those patients. The long-term survival outcome was significantly improved in patients with good performance status and rituximab exposure. Trial registrationNot applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weerapat Owattanapanich
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Theera Ruchutrakool
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Tawatchai Pongpruttipan
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Monthira Maneerattanaporn
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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21
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Franquet T, Franks TJ, Galvin JR, Marchiori E, Giménez A, Mazzini S, Johkoh T, Lee KS. Non-Infectious Granulomatous Lung Disease: Imaging Findings with Pathologic Correlation. Korean J Radiol 2021; 22:1416-1435. [PMID: 34132073 PMCID: PMC8316771 DOI: 10.3348/kjr.2020.1082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-infectious granulomatous lung disease represents a diverse group of disorders characterized by pulmonary opacities associated with granulomatous inflammation, a relatively nonspecific finding commonly encountered by pathologists. Some lesions may present a diagnostic challenge because of nonspecific imaging features; however, recognition of the various imaging manifestations of these disorders in conjunction with patients' clinical history, such as age, symptom onset and duration, immune status, and presence of asthma or cutaneous lesions, is imperative for narrowing the differential diagnosis and determining appropriate management of this rare group of disorders. In this pictorial review, we describe the pathologic findings of various non-infectious granulomatous lung diseases as well as the radiologic features and high-resolution computed tomography imaging features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomás Franquet
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Hospital de Sant Pau, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Teri J Franks
- Department of Defense, Pulmonary & Mediastinal Pathology, The Joint Pathology Center, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Galvin
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Chest Imaging, & Pulmonary Critical Care Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Edson Marchiori
- Department of Radiology, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho-Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Ana Giménez
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Hospital de Sant Pau, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sandra Mazzini
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Hospital de Sant Pau, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Takeshi Johkoh
- Department of Radiology, Kansai Rosai Hospital, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Kyung Soo Lee
- Department of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine (SKKU-SOM), Seoul, Korea
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Shiseki M, Ishii M, Ohwashi M, Wang YH, Tanaka N, Osanai S, Yoshinaga K, Mori N, Tanaka J. High PRAME expression is associated with poor survival and early disease progression in myelodysplastic syndromes with a low bone marrow blast percentage. Leuk Lymphoma 2021; 62:2448-2456. [PMID: 34013846 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2021.1919659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the clinical implications of preferentially expressed antigen in melanoma (PRAME) expression in bone marrow cells of 116 patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). Quantitative RT-PCR was carried out to examine the PRAME expression level. High PRAME expression was observed in MDS patients classified into higher revised International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS-R) risk categories (Very high and High) with a high bone marrow blast percentage (5% or higher). Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated that high PRAME expression is significantly associated with a poorer overall survival (OS) in MDS patients with a low bone marrow blast percentage (less than 5%) (log-rank test p = .0014) and those classified into lower IPSS-R risk categories (Very Low, Low, and Intermediate) (log-rank test, p = .0035). In contrast, there was no significant association between PRAME expression and OS in MDS patients with a high bone marrow blast percentage or those classified into higher IPSS-R risk categories. In addition, high PRAME expression was associated with early disease progression in MDS patients with a low bone marrow blast percentage. This study suggested PRAME expression to be a prognostic factor in MDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Shiseki
- Department of Hematology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mayuko Ishii
- Department of Hematology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mari Ohwashi
- Department of Hematology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yan-Hua Wang
- Department of Hematology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norina Tanaka
- Department of Hematology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoko Osanai
- Department of Hematology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kentaro Yoshinaga
- Department of Hematology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoki Mori
- Department of Hematology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University Medical Center East 1-10, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junji Tanaka
- Department of Hematology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
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Meng F, Sun N, Liu D, Jia J, Xiao J, Dai H. BCL2L13: physiological and pathological meanings. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:2419-2428. [PMID: 33201252 PMCID: PMC11073179 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03702-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BCL2L13 is a BCL2-like protein. It has been discovered for two decades, now on the way to be a hotspot of research with its physiological and pathological meanings found in recent years. Start with the pro-apoptotic activity, there have been reported consecutively that BCL2L13 could also induce mitochondrial fragmentation, inhibit cell death and promote mitophagy. Similar to BNIP3, BCL2L13 cannot be indiscriminately categorized into pro- or anti-apoptotic proteins. It anchors in the mitochondrial outer membrane, and expresses in various cells and tissues. This article reviews for the first time that BCL2L13 functions in physiological processes, such as growth and development and energy metabolism, and its dysregulation participating in pathological processes, including cancer, bacterial infection, cardiovascular diseases and degenerative diseases, suggesting its important roles in these events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Meng
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health & Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 350 Shushanhu Road, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, China
| | - Naitong Sun
- Department of Hematology, the Third People's Hospital of Yancheng, Yancheng, 224001, China
| | - Dongyan Liu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health & Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 350 Shushanhu Road, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, China
| | - Jia Jia
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health & Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 350 Shushanhu Road, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, China
| | - Jun Xiao
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, China.
| | - Haiming Dai
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health & Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China.
- Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 350 Shushanhu Road, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, China.
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24
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Carioli G, Malvezzi M, Bertuccio P, Boffetta P, Levi F, La Vecchia C, Negri E. European cancer mortality predictions for the year 2021 with focus on pancreatic and female lung cancer. Ann Oncol 2021; 32:478-487. [PMID: 33626377 DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2021.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We predicted cancer mortality statistics for 2021 for the European Union (EU) and its five most populous countries plus the UK. We also focused on pancreatic cancer and female lung cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS We obtained cancer death certifications and population data from the World Health Organization and Eurostat databases for 1970-2015. We predicted numbers of deaths and age-standardised (world population) rates for 2021 for total cancers and 10 major cancer sites, using a joinpoint regression model. We calculated the number of avoided deaths over the period 1989-2021. RESULTS We predicted 1 267 000 cancer deaths for 2021 in the EU, corresponding to age-standardised rates of 130.4/100 000 men (-6.6% since 2015) and 81.0/100 000 for women (-4.5%). We estimated further falls in male lung cancer rates, but still trending upward in women by +6.5%, reaching 14.5/100 000 in 2021. The breast cancer predicted rate in the EU was 13.3/100 000 (-7.8%). The rates for stomach and leukaemias in both sexes and for bladder in males are predicted to fall by >10%; trends for other cancer sites were also favourable, except for the pancreas, which showed stable patterns in both sexes, with predicted rates of 8.1/100 000 in men and 5.6/100 000 in women. Rates for pancreatic cancer in EU men aged 25-49 and 50-64 years declined, respectively, by 10% and 1.8%, while for those aged 65+ years increased by 1.3%. Rates fell for young women only (-3.4%). Over 1989-2021, about 5 million cancer deaths were avoided in the EU27 compared with peak rates in 1988. CONCLUSION Overall cancer mortality continues to fall in both sexes. However, specific focus is needed on pancreatic cancer, which shows a sizeable decline for young men only. Tobacco control remains a priority for the prevention of pancreatic and other tobacco-related cancers, which account for one-third of the total EU cancer deaths, especially in women, who showed less favourable trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Carioli
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - M Malvezzi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - P Bertuccio
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - P Boffetta
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, USA; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - F Levi
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Services Research, Centre for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - C La Vecchia
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
| | - E Negri
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Uranga A, González C, Furundarena JR, Robado N, Rey M, Aragon L, Urreta I, Aranbarri A, De Juan MD, Araiz M. Large granular lymphocyte leukaemia study at the University Hospital of Donostia. J Clin Pathol 2021; 75:226-233. [PMID: 33479020 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2020-207191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Large granular lymphocyte (LGL) leukaemia is considered a mature T-cell or natural killer (NK) cell neoplasm, characterised by a clonal proliferation of LGL. AIMS To analyse the characteristics and to establish (if possible) the prognostic parameters of these patients diagnosed in a single centre: University Hospital of Donostia. METHODS We retrospectively studied data about 308 patients with LGL leukaemia diagnosed in our centre. RESULTS The frequency of T-LGL leukaemia and chronic lymphoproliferative disorder of NK cells was 89% and 6.8% respectively, and no aggressive NK-LGL leukaemia was seen in our population. The median age at diagnosis was 65.7 years and male-to-female ratio was 1.08. 59% of our patients were asymptomatic at the time of diagnosis. Most patients presented lymphocytosis and 63.6% more than 20% LGLs in the peripheral blood count, but it has to be taken into account that these results may be influenced by the selection bias of our study, as we recognised these patients as 'alarms of the laboratory analysers'. Neutropenia was the most common cytopenia, and autoimmune disorders were described in 16.5% of the patients. Only 12 patients (3.9%) required treatment, a much lower percentage that the one reported in the literature, and this is consistent with the fact that patients were less symptomatic than in other series, as we expected. The 5-year and 15-year overall survival was 92% and 87%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our patients may represent the even more benign end of the spectrum of clonal T LGL and NK proliferations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alasne Uranga
- Hematología y Hemoterapia, Hospital Universitario Donostia, Donostia, Spain
| | - Carmen González
- Hematología y Hemoterapia, Hospital Universitario Donostia, Donostia, Spain
| | - J R Furundarena
- Hematología y Hemoterapia, Hospital Universitario Donostia, Donostia, Spain
| | - Naiara Robado
- Hematología y Hemoterapia, Hospital Zumarraga, Zumarraga, Spain
| | - Mercedes Rey
- Inmunología, Hospital Universitario Donostia, Donostia, Spain
| | - Larraitz Aragon
- Inmunología, Hospital Universitario Donostia, Donostia, Spain
| | - Iratxe Urreta
- Epidemiología, Hospital Universitario Donostia, Donostia, Spain
| | - Ane Aranbarri
- Hematología y Hemoterapia, Hospital Galdakao-Usansolo, Galdacano, Spain
| | | | - Maria Araiz
- Hematología y Hemoterapia, Hospital Universitario Donostia, Donostia, Spain
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26
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Pizzato M, Carioli G, Bertuccio P, Malvezzi M, Levi F, Boffetta P, Negri E, La Vecchia C. Cancer mortality and predictions for 2020 in selected Australasian countries, Russia and Ukraine. Eur J Cancer Prev 2021; 30:1-14. [PMID: 33273205 DOI: 10.1097/cej.0000000000000639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Predicted cancer mortality figures are useful for public health planning. We predicted cancer mortality rates in Israel, Hong Kong, Japan, the Philippines, Korea, Australia, Russia and Ukraine for the year 2020 using the most recent available data. We focused on breast cancer. METHODS We obtained cancer death certification and population data from the WHO and the United Nations Population Division databases. We derived figures for 10 major cancer sites and total cancers over 1970-2017. We predicted numbers of deaths and age-standardized mortality rates for 2020 through joinpoint regression models. We calculated the number of avoided deaths from 1994-2020. RESULTS Overall, total cancer mortality is predicted to decline. Russia had the highest all cancers rates in 2020, 151.9/100 000 men and 79.6 women; the Philippines had the lowest rate in men, 78.0/100 000, Korea in women, 47.5. Stomach cancer rates declined over the whole period in all countries considered, colorectal cancer since the late 1990s. Trends for pancreas were inconsistent. Predicted rates for lung and breast cancer were favourable; women from Hong Kong, Korea and Australia had lung cancer death rates higher than breast ones. Predicted rates for uterine, ovarian, prostate and bladder cancers and leukaemias were downward for most countries. Between 1994 and 2020, over 3.3 million cancer deaths were avoided in the considered countries, except for the Philippines where no reduction was observed. CONCLUSION Predicted cancer rates were lower than in the European Union and the USA, even though falls started later and were less marked.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Greta Carioli
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health
| | - Paola Bertuccio
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Fabio Levi
- Center of Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Paolo Boffetta
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Stony Brook Cancer Center and Department of Family, Population and Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Eva Negri
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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27
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Zhang X, Yang L, Xu G. Silencing of long noncoding RNA TUG1 inhibits viability and promotes apoptosis of acute myeloid leukemia cells by targeting microRNA-221-3p/KIT axis. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2020; 76:425-437. [PMID: 32804119 DOI: 10.3233/ch-200906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a hematological malignancy. This study was attempted to uncover the effects of long noncoding RNA taurine-upregulated gene1 (TUG1) on the viability and apoptosis of AML cells. METHODS: QRT-PCR was implemented to examine the expression of TUG1, miR-221-3p and KIT in AML. The correlation between TUG1 and clinicopathological features of AML patients was evaluated. The effect of TUG1 on AML cells were studied by RNA interference approach. AML cells were transfected with miR-221-3p mimic and miR-221-3p inhibitor, respectively. Then the viability and apoptosis of AML cells were examined by MTT and flow cytometry assay, respectively. Additionally, dual-luciferase reporter assay was used to confirm the interactions among TUG1, miR-221-3p and KIT. Western blot was applied to analyze protein expression of KIT. RESULTS: The expression of TUG1 and KIT was up-regulated in AML, but miR-221-3p was down-regulated. TUG1 expression had obviously correlation with World Health Organization (WHO) grade in AML patients. The functional experiment stated that TUG1 silencing suppressed the viability and accelerated the apoptosis of AML cells. Moreover, the mechanical experiment demonstrated that TUG1 and KIT were both targeted by miR-221-3p with the complementary binding sites at 3’UTR. Up-regulation of miR-221-3p inhibited the protein expression of KIT. Furthermore, in the feedback experiment, miR-221-3p inhibition or KIT overexpression reversed the repression of tumor behavior induced by TUG1 silencing. CONCLUSIONS: TUG1 silencing retarded viability and promoted apoptosis of AML cells via regulating miR-221-3p/KIT axis, providing a potential therapeutic target for AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xifeng Zhang
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Liaocheng Second People’s Hospital, Affiliated to the First Medical University of Shandong, Linqing, China
| | - Likun Yang
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Liaocheng Second People’s Hospital, Affiliated to the First Medical University of Shandong, Linqing, China
| | - Guixia Xu
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Liaocheng Second People’s Hospital, Affiliated to the First Medical University of Shandong, Linqing, China
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28
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Ghosh T, Duncavage E, Mehta-Shah N, McGuire PA, Tenenbaum M, Myckatyn TM. A Cautionary Tale and Update on Breast Implant-Associated Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma (BIA-ALCL). Aesthet Surg J 2020; 40:1288-1300. [PMID: 31894234 DOI: 10.1093/asj/sjz377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast implant-associated anaplastic large T-cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL) was first recognized by the World Health Organization in 2016. The total number of cases worldwide continues to increase, with >800 cases confirmed through a combination of Food and Drug Administration data, verified reports, and registries. To date, 33 deaths have been reported. Typical presentation includes a late seroma containing monoclonal T cells that are CD30 positive and anaplastic lymphoma kinase negative. We present a review of the current literature and report on 3 cases of BIA-ALCL at our institution, which serve to illustrate our approach to diagnosis and management of this disease. In 2 cases, the diagnosis of BIA-ALCL was not initially confirmed due to an incomplete workup but was recognized upon explantation. The seroma fluid was sent for flow cytometry. Initially, the cells were reported as morphologically suspicious for malignancy with phenotypically normal T cells based on standard CD3+ T-cell gating. Subsequent cytology specimens were reported as consistent with recurrent adenocarcinoma. However, upon regating of flow-cytometry data, a population of CD30+, CD3- T cells was noted and the diagnosis of BIA-ALCL was confirmed by immunohistochemical stains of the excised breast capsule specimen. Given the increasing incidence of this disease, as plastic surgeons we must stay informed to order the correct workup to avoid misdiagnosis and be prepared to appropriately refer affected patients to centers with multidisciplinary teams experienced in the management of BIA-ALCL. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 4
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Affiliation(s)
- Trina Ghosh
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Washington University in St Louis School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | - Eric Duncavage
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St Louis School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | - Neha Mehta-Shah
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Washington University in St Louis School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | | | - Marissa Tenenbaum
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Washington University in St Louis School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | - Terence M Myckatyn
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Washington University in St Louis School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
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29
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Zhang D, Cheng Y, Fan J, Yao J, Zhao Z, Jiang Y, Li Y, Zuo Z, Tang Y, Guo Y. A Nomogram for the Prediction of Progression and Overall Survival in Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1550. [PMID: 32984014 PMCID: PMC7477348 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Advances in treatment and supportive care have significantly improved the overall survival (OS) of pediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). However, there is a large number of these patients who continue to relapse after receiving standard treatment. Accurate identification of patients at high risk of relapse and targeted therapy may significantly improve their prognosis. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify significant prognostic factors for pediatric ALL and establish a novel nomogram for the prediction of survival. Methods: The ALL clinical data of Phases I and II of the Therapeutic Applicable Research to Generate Effective Treatments (TARGET) project were merged and randomly divided into training and validation groups. The LASSO regression model was used to select the specific factors related to the OS of the training group and generate prognostic nomograms according to the selected characteristics. The predictive accuracy of the nomogram for OS was verified using the concordance index of the training and validation groups, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for prognostic diagnosis, and the calibration curve. Results: A total of 1,000 children with ALL were included in the TARGET project. Of those, 489 patients had complete follow-up data for further analysis. The data were randomly divided into the training group (n = 345) and the validation group (n = 144). Seven clinical characteristics, namely age at diagnosis, peripheral white blood cells, bone marrow and CNS site of relapse, ETV6/RUNX1 fusion, TCF3/PBX1, and BCR/ABL1 status, were selected to construct the nomogram. The concordance indices of the training and validation groups were 0.809 (95% confidence interval: 0.766–0.852) and 0.826 (95% confidence interval: 0.767–0.885), respectively. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the 3-year, 5-year, and 10-year OS in the training group were 0.804, 0.848, and 0.885, respectively, while that of the validation group were 0.777, 0.825, and 0.863, respectively. Moreover, the calibration curves demonstrated a favorable consistency between the predicted and actual survival probabilities. Conclusions: Independent predictors of OS in children with ALL included age at diagnosis, white blood cells, bone marrow site of relapse, CNS site of relapse, ETV6/RUNX1 fusion, TCF3/PBX1, and BCR/ABL1 status. The nomograms developed using these high-risk factors can more simply, accurately, and quantitatively predict the survival of children, and improve treatment and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhang
- Clinical Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yu Cheng
- Sichuan Luzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Luzhou, China
| | - Jia Fan
- Clinical Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Juan Yao
- Clinical Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Zijun Zhao
- Clinical Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yao Jiang
- Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yiqin Li
- Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Zhihua Zuo
- Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yan Tang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Jinniu Maternity and Child Health Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
| | - Yongcan Guo
- Clinical Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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30
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Feng J, Zhang L, Cao XX, Zhang Y, Yang C, Cai HC, Chen M, Wang W, Zhang W, Zhu TN, Duan MH, Li J, Zhou DB. [A pediatric-inspired regimen for adolescents and young adults with Philadelphia chromosome-negative acute lymphoblastic leukemia: results from a single center]. ZHONGHUA XUE YE XUE ZA ZHI = ZHONGHUA XUEYEXUE ZAZHI 2020; 41:399-404. [PMID: 32536137 PMCID: PMC7342075 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-2727.2020.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
目的 探索应用类似儿童方案治疗Ph染色体阴性青少年及年轻成人急性淋巴细胞白血病(ALL)患者的疗效和安全性。 方法 回顾性分析2012年1月至2018年11月在北京协和医院确诊并且应用统一的类似儿童ALL方案治疗的71例15~39岁Ph染色体阴性ALL/淋巴母细胞淋巴瘤(LBL)初治患者的临床资料和生存数据。 结果 71例患者中,男性46例(64.8%);中位年龄为20(15~38)岁。B-ALL/LBL占69.0%(49/71)。高危ALL占ALL总数的35.5%。诱导治疗的完全缓解率为93.0%。中位随访时间为44个月。2年累积复发率为34.6%(95% CI 27.0%~42.2%)。5年无病生存(DFS)率和总生存(OS)率分别为56.3%和64.3%。完成4个疗程化疗后一线行异基因造血干细胞移植组与化疗组患者的5年OS率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。非高危ALL患者的预计5年DFS率和OS率分别为63.1%和73.7%,明显高于高危ALL患者的32.0%和44.4%(P值均<0.001)。不良事件主要为血流感染、真菌感染、股骨头坏死,发生率与既往报道相当。 结论 类似儿童ALL方案是一种对Ph染色体阴性青少年及年轻成人ALL/LBL患者较为安全和有效的治疗方案。
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Affiliation(s)
- J Feng
- Department of Hematology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - L Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - X X Cao
- Department of Hematology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Y Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - C Yang
- Department of Hematology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - H C Cai
- Department of Hematology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - M Chen
- Department of Hematology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - W Wang
- Department of Hematology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - W Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - T N Zhu
- Department of Hematology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - M H Duan
- Department of Hematology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - J Li
- Department of Hematology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - D B Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
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31
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Park S, Cho BS, Kim HJ. New agents in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Blood Res 2020; 55:S14-S18. [PMID: 32719171 PMCID: PMC7386889 DOI: 10.5045/br.2020.s003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite expanding knowledge in the molecular landscape of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and an increasing understanding of leukemogenic pathways, little has changed in the treatment of AML in the last 40 years. Since introduction in the 1970s, combination chemotherapy consisting of anthracycline and cytarabine has been the mainstay of treatment, with major therapeutic advances based on improving supportive care rather than the introduction of novel therapeutics. Over the last decades, there have been extensive efforts to identify specific target mutations or pathways with the aim of improving clinical outcomes. Finally, after a prolonged wait, we are witnessing the next wave of AML treatment, characterized by a more “precise” and “personalized” understanding of the unique molecular or genetic mapping of individual patients. This new trend has since been further facilitated, with four new FDA approvals granted in 2017 in AML therapeutics. Currently, a total of eight targeted agents have been approved since 2017 (as of Jan. 2020). In this review, we will briefly discuss these newer agents in the context of their indication and the basis of their approval.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Park
- Department of Hematology, Catholic Hematology Hospital, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,Leukemia Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byung Sik Cho
- Department of Hematology, Catholic Hematology Hospital, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,Leukemia Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee-Je Kim
- Department of Hematology, Catholic Hematology Hospital, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,Leukemia Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Mild hemolysis is difficult to determinate by traditional methods, and its role in Gilbert's syndrome (GS) is unclear. The main aims were to inspect the erythrocyte (RBC) survival in GS by using Levitt's carbon monoxide (CO) breath test and to assess its contribution to unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia. METHODS Fifty subjects with GS and 1 with type-II Crigler-Najjar syndrome (CN2) received RBC lifespan measurement with Levitt's CO breath test. Mean RBC lifespan was compared with normal referral value. Correlations of serum total bilirubin (TB) with RBC lifespan, blood panel data, demographic factors, and uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase (UGT1A1) mutation load were calculated by Spearman analysis. Susceptibility factors for mild hemolysis were analyzed by multivariate regression analysis. RESULTS The mean RBC lifespan of the GS subjects was significantly shorter than the normal reference value (95.4 ± 28.9 days vs 126 days; t = -7.504, P < .01), with 30.0% below the lower limit of the normal reference range (75 days). The RBC lifespan of the participant with CN2 was 82 days. Serum TB correlated positively with UGT1A1 mutation load (γ = 0.281, P = .048), hemoglobin (γ = .359, P = .010) and hematocrit (γ = 0.365, P = .010), but negatively with RBC lifespan (γ = -0.336, P = .017). No significant susceptibility factors for mild hemolysis were found. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that mild hemolysis indeed, exists in a portion of patients with GS and might serve as an important contributor to unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia in addition to UGT1A1 polymorphism. Further studies on the mechanism and the potential risks in various medical treatments might be wanted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Ling Kang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanshan Hospital, Guangdong Medical University
| | - Yong-Jian Ma
- Guangdong Breath Test Engineering and Technology Research Center
- Institute of Breath Test Research, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hou-De Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanshan Hospital, Guangdong Medical University
- Guangdong Breath Test Engineering and Technology Research Center
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Gbyli R, Song Y, Halene S. Humanized mice as preclinical models for myeloid malignancies. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 174:113794. [PMID: 31926939 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.113794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Humanized mice have proven to be invaluable for human hematological translational research since they offer essential tools to dissect disease biology and to bridge the gap between pre-clinical testing of novel therapeutics and their clinical applications. Many efforts have been placed to advance and optimize humanized mice to support the engraftment, differentiation, and maintenance of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and the human hematological system in order to broaden the scope of applications of such models. This review covers the background of humanized mice, how they are used as platforms to model myeloid malignancies, and the various current and potential approaches to further enhance their utilization in biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana Gbyli
- Section of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine and Yale Comprehensive Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yuanbin Song
- Section of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine and Yale Comprehensive Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Stephanie Halene
- Section of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine and Yale Comprehensive Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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Azrakhsh NA, Mensah-Glanowska P, Sand K, Kittang AO. Targeting Immune Signaling Pathways in Clonal Hematopoiesis. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:5262-5277. [PMID: 30907306 DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190325100636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myeloid neoplasms are a diverse group of malignant diseases with different entities and numerous patho-clinical features. They arise from mutated clones of hematopoietic stem- and progenitor cells which expand by outperforming their normal counterparts. The intracellular signaling profile of cancer cells is the sum of genetic, epigenetic and microenvironmental influences, and the multiple interconnections between different signaling pathways make pharmacological targeting complicated. OBJECTIVE To present an overview of known somatic mutations in myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN), myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and the inflammatory signaling pathways affected by them, as well as current efforts to therapeutically modulate this aberrant inflammatory signaling. METHODS In this review, we extensively reviewed and compiled salient information with ClinicalTrials.gov as our source on ongoing studies, and PubMed as our authentic bibliographic source, using a focused review question. RESULTS Mutations affecting immune signal transduction are present to varying extents in clonal myeloid diseases. While MPN are dominated by a few common mutations, a multitude of different genes can be mutated in MDS and AML. Mutations can also occur in asymptomatic persons, a finding called clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP). Mutations in FLT3, JAK, STAT, CBL and RAS can lead to aberrant immune signaling. Protein kinase inhibitors are entering the clinic and are extensively investigated in clinical trials in MPN, MDS and AML. CONCLUSION In summary, this article summarizes recent research on aberrant inflammatory signaling in clonal myeloid diseases and the clinical therapeutic potential of modulation of signal transduction and effector proteins in the affected pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Patrycja Mensah-Glanowska
- Department of Hematology, Jagiellonian University Medical College / University Hospital, Krakow, Poland
| | - Kristoffer Sand
- Clinic of Medicine and Rehabilitation, More and Romsdal Hospital Trust, Alesund, Norway
| | - Astrid Olsnes Kittang
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Medicine, Section for Hematology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
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Ma L, Xing Z, Alkebsi K, Yang L, Xiao T, Wang Z, Al-Moraissi EA. Primary extranodal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the mandibular condyle: A case report and literature review. ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY CASES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.omsc.2019.100130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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Li J, Zheng R, Niu J, Song X, Wu W, Fan R, Gong T. Correlation of Intravoxel Incoherent Motion Parameters and Histological Characteristics From Infiltrated Marrow in Patients With Acute Leukemia. J Magn Reson Imaging 2019; 51:1720-1726. [PMID: 31737979 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.26999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND An accurate and noninvasive method is of great importance to assess angiogenesis and cellularity of bone marrow in acute leukemia (AL). PURPOSE To investigate whether the intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) parameters correlate with the histological characteristics of infiltrated marrow in AL patients and compare the difference between acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). STUDY TYPE Prospective. POPULATION MODEL Forty newly diagnosed patients with AL, including 20 AML and 20 ALL. FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE 1.5T/T1 WI and IVIM. ASSESSMENT IVIM-derived parameters (true diffusion coefficient D, pseudodiffusion coefficient D*, and perfusion fraction, f) were measured in lumbar marrow. Histopathological analyses were performed from samples of marrow biopsy. STATISTICAL TESTS The correlations between IVIM parameters and histological parameters used the Spearman correlation test. The difference of IVIM parameters and histological parameters between ALL and AML groups used the unpaired t-test or Mann-Whitney U-test, as appropriate. RESULTS The f was positively correlated with microvessel density (MVD) in patients with ALL, AML, and AL (r = 0.740, P = 0.006; r = 0.771, P < 0.001; and r = 0.750, P < 0.001, respectively). There were no significant correlations between D and bone marrow cellularity in the three groups (r = -0.289, P = 0.362; r = 0.281, P = 0.292; and r = 0.058, P = 0.769, respectively). D and f values of ALL were higher than that of AML group (t = 3.332, P = 0.003 and t = 2.600, P = 0.014, respectively). MVD was higher in ALL than AML (t = 2.120, P = 0.044), whereas bone marrow cellularity had no significant difference between AML and ALL (t = -0.682, P = 0.501). DATA CONCLUSION The f value derived from IVIM in bone marrow was positively correlated with MVD, while f might be able to show a difference of vascularity between ALL and AML. Therefore, the f value can be used as an alternative imaging marker of angiogenesis in marrow of AL patients. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 1 Technical Efficacy Stage: 3 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;51:1720-1726.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianting Li
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Rong Zheng
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Jinliang Niu
- Department of Radiology, 2nd Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiaoli Song
- Department of Radiology, 2nd Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Wenqi Wu
- Department of Radiology, 2nd Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Rong Fan
- Department of Radiology, 2nd Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Tong Gong
- Department of Radiology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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38
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Wu Y, Chen X, Wang S, Wang S. Advances in the relationship between glycosyltransferases and multidrug resistance in cancer. Clin Chim Acta 2019; 495:417-421. [PMID: 31102590 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2019.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Despite great progress in clinical treatment, cancer remains a serious health problem contributing to significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although chemotherapy is a common therapeutic measure, multidrug resistance (MDR) presents a major challenge that often leads to poor prognosis. The abnormal expression of glycosyltransferases (GTs) leading to aberrant glycosylation patterns are considered a marker of cancer. Furthermore, the biosynthesis of these glycoconjugates has been associated with tumor proliferation, invasion and metastasis. Recently, studies have found that GTs are involved in mediating MDR in cancer cells through complex mechanisms and can influence therapeutic effect. In this review, we focus on several types of cancers and summarize previous studies on the correlation between GTs and MDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinshuang Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Glycobiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Xixi Chen
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Life Science and Medicine, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, Liaoning, China
| | - Shidan Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Glycobiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Shujing Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Glycobiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China.
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Molecular profiling of adult acute myeloid and lymphoid leukemia in a major referral center in Lebanon: a 10-year experience report and review of the literature. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 46:2003-2011. [PMID: 30701458 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-04649-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Recurrent genetic abnormalities confer distinct morphologic features and play a role in determining the clinical behavior, prognosis and adequate treatment of acute leukemia. In the MENA region, only one study targets the frequency of genetic modifications in AML, reporting a higher occurrence of acute promyelocytic leukemia in Lebanon. Determining the frequency of translocations and gene mutations in acute myeloid and lymphoid leukemia cases in an adult patients' population in Lebanon and comparing the resultant genetic profile with the published international molecular profile of adult acute leukemia. Laboratory results of adult patients diagnosed with AML or ALL presenting to AUBMC for genetic profiling between years 2006 until June 2016 were reviewed. Genetic profiling of AML cases in our CAP accredited molecular diagnostics laboratory consists of a validated lab developed RT-PCR for the detection of RUNX1/RUNX1T1, CBFB/MYH11, KMT2A/MLLT3, PML-RARA, and BCR-ABL and mutations in the FLT3 receptor, NPM1, c-kit and CEPBA genes. The ALL panel tests for the presence of BCR-ABL1, ETV6/RUNX1; KMT2A/AFF1, and TCF3-PBX1. We reviewed 580 AML and 175 ALL cases. In the AML cohort, the M:F ratio was 1.3:1 with a mean age of 50 years. t(15;17) was present in 7.6%, t(8;21) in 4.2%, inv(16) in 3.7%, t(9;22) in 2.2% and t(9;11) in 1.7% of cases. FLT3 mutation (ITD or TKD) was present in 25.2% of all cases and 30.1% of Cytogenetics-normal (CN) patients. Mutations of the NPM1 gene was present in 31.4% of AML cases and in 43.8% of CN patients. Double positive (NPM1+/FLT3+) cases accounted for 20% of NK patients. CEBPA and c-kit mutations were detected in 7.3% and 2.4% respectively. In the ALL cohort, the mean age was 37 years. B- and T-lymphoblastic leukemia constituted 84.6% and 15.4% of ALL cases and the M:F ratio was 1.2:1 and 2.86:1 respectively. B-ALL patients were positive for t(9;22) in 14.2%, t(4;11) in 5.4%, t(1;19) in 2.7% and t(12;21) in 1.4%. T-ALL patients were negative for translocations found in our ALL panel. A lower mean age was found in our adult leukemic Lebanese population as compared to the Western cases. Other interesting findings were the lower percentage of inv(16), lower incidence of TCF3-PBX1, and the mild increase in Philadelphia positivity in our AML cohort. In our ALL cohort, t(9;22) positivity was less than expected for adult lymphoblastic leukemia. Full molecular profiling by next generation sequencing is required for further classification of cases into prognostic categories. This study will be a baseline reference for future research and epidemiological data useful for transplant centers and oncologists both in Lebanon and the region.
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Zheng G, Chattopadhyay S, Sud A, Sundquist K, Sundquist J, Försti A, Houlston R, Hemminki A, Hemminki K. Second primary cancers in patients with acute lymphoblastic, chronic lymphocytic and hairy cell leukaemia. Br J Haematol 2019; 185:232-239. [DOI: 10.1111/bjh.15777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guoqiao Zheng
- Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ) Heidelberg Germany
- Faculty of Medicine University of Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany
| | - Subhayan Chattopadhyay
- Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ) Heidelberg Germany
- Faculty of Medicine University of Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany
| | - Amit Sud
- Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ) Heidelberg Germany
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology The Institute of Cancer Research London UK
| | - Kristina Sundquist
- Centre for Primary Health Care Research Lund University Malmö Sweden
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health Department of Population Health Science and Policy Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York NY USA
- Centre for Community‐based Healthcare Research and Education (CoHRE) Department of Functional Pathology School of Medicine Shimane University Matsue Japan
| | - Jan Sundquist
- Centre for Primary Health Care Research Lund University Malmö Sweden
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health Department of Population Health Science and Policy Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York NY USA
- Centre for Community‐based Healthcare Research and Education (CoHRE) Department of Functional Pathology School of Medicine Shimane University Matsue Japan
| | - Asta Försti
- Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ) Heidelberg Germany
- Centre for Primary Health Care Research Lund University Malmö Sweden
| | - Richard Houlston
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology The Institute of Cancer Research London UK
- Division of Molecular Pathology The Institute of Cancer Research London UK
| | - Akseli Hemminki
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group Faculty of Medicine University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
- Comprehensive Cancer Centre Helsinki University Hospital Helsinki Finland
| | - Kari Hemminki
- Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ) Heidelberg Germany
- Centre for Primary Health Care Research Lund University Malmö Sweden
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Brestoff JR, Toland A, Afaneh K, Qavi AJ, Press B, Westervelt P, Kreisel F, Hassan A. Bone Marrow Biopsy Needle Type Affects Core Biopsy Specimen Length and Quality and Aspirate Hemodilution. Am J Clin Pathol 2019; 151:185-193. [PMID: 30307478 DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/aqy126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Bone marrow biopsies are essential for evaluating patients with suspected or confirmed hematopoietic disorders or malignancies, but little is known about how biopsy needle type affects biopsy length and/or quality. We sought to compare bone marrow biopsy quality in specimens obtained with two different needles. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on bone marrow specimens obtained with manual single-bevel (n = 114) or triple-bevel (n = 166) needles. The lengths of evaluable marrow, core quality, and aspirate quality were assessed by blinded hematopathologists. Results The triple-bevel needle produced 1.33-mm shorter lengths of evaluable marrow than the single-bevel needle and was five times less likely to produce a specimen rated as "adequate" and 4.2 times more likely to produce crush artifact. The triple-bevel needle was also 2.4 times more likely to produce hemodilute aspirates. Conclusions Bone marrow biopsy needle type affects the length of evaluable marrow and quality of core and aspirate specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan R Brestoff
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | - Angus Toland
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | - Khalid Afaneh
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | - Abraham J Qavi
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | - Barbara Press
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | - Peter Westervelt
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | - Friederike Kreisel
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | - Anjum Hassan
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
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Oluwasanjo A, Kartan S, Johnson W, Alpdogan O, Gru A, Mishra A, Haverkos BM, Gong J, Porcu P. Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma, not Otherwise Specified (PTCL-NOS). Cancer Treat Res 2019; 176:83-98. [PMID: 30596214 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-99716-2_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Peripheral T-cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified (PTCL-NOS) is a World Health Organization (WHO)-defined diagnostic category within the highly heterogeneous group of mature post-thymic T-cell neoplasms. It is the most common subtype of mature post-thymic T-cell neoplasms globally, accounting for up to 35% of PTCL cases in Europe and North America. PTCL-NOS is a diagnosis of exclusion, comprising several disease entities that differ in biology, clinical presentation, and outcome. The diagnosis of PTCL-NOS is made based on the presence of typical histopathological features of lymphoma, an aberrant T-cell immunophenotype, often with a loss of CD5 and CD7, and a clonal T-cell receptor (TCR) gene rearrangement, in the appropriate clinical context. Unlike other types of T-cell lymphoma, recurrent mutations to assist with the diagnosis have not been identified. Patients often present with advanced stage. Prognosis is poor, with a 5-year overall survival (OS) of 20-30%. Anthracycline-based combination chemotherapy remains the most frequently used frontline strategy, with overall response rates (ORR) of 50-60%, and complete response rates (CRR) of 20-30%. Prospective studies with intent-to-treat analyses have shown that consolidation with high-dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) results in progression-free survivals (PFS) that compare favorably with historical cohorts and may improve OS in selected patient populations. However, randomized data are still lacking. Over the past decade, therapeutic agents approved in the relapsed and refractory setting have produced response rates of up to 33% and median PFS up to 18 months. Overall, outcomes remain poor and there is a dire need for more effective treatments. This review discusses the latest information on the diagnosis and treatment of PTCL-NOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adetokunbo Oluwasanjo
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, 834 Chestnut Street, Suite 320, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Saritha Kartan
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, 834 Chestnut Street, Suite 320, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - William Johnson
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, 834 Chestnut Street, Suite 320, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Onder Alpdogan
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, 834 Chestnut Street, Suite 320, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Alejandro Gru
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
| | - Anjali Mishra
- Department of Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, USA
| | | | - Jerald Gong
- Department of Pathology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Pierluigi Porcu
- Division of Hematology, University of Colorado, Denver, USA.
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Aypar U, Smoley SA, Pitel BA, Pearce KE, Zenka RM, Vasmatzis G, Johnson SH, Smadbeck JB, Peterson JF, Geiersbach KB, Van Dyke DL, Thorland EC, Jenkins RB, Ketterling RP, Greipp PT, Kearney HM, Hoppman NL, Baughn LB. Mate pair sequencing improves detection of genomic abnormalities in acute myeloid leukemia. Eur J Haematol 2018; 102:87-96. [PMID: 30270457 PMCID: PMC7379948 DOI: 10.1111/ejh.13179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) can be subtyped based on recurrent cytogenetic and molecular genetic abnormalities with diagnostic and prognostic significance. Although cytogenetic characterization classically involves conventional chromosome and/or fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) assays, limitations of these techniques include poor resolution and the inability to precisely identify breakpoints. METHOD We evaluated whether an NGS-based methodology that detects structural abnormalities and copy number changes using mate pair sequencing (MPseq) can enhance the diagnostic yield for patients with AML. RESULTS Using 68 known abnormal and 20 karyotypically normal AML samples, each recurrent primary AML-specific abnormality previously identified in the abnormal samples was confirmed using MPseq. Importantly, in eight cases with abnormalities that could not be resolved by conventional cytogenetic studies, MPseq was utilized to molecularly define eight recurrent AML-fusion events. In addition, MPseq uncovered two cryptic abnormalities that were missed by conventional cytogenetic studies. Thus, MPseq improved the diagnostic yield in the detection of AML-specific structural rearrangements in 10/88 (11%) of cases analyzed. CONCLUSION Utilization of MPseq represents a precise, molecular-based technique that can be used as an alternative to conventional cytogenetic studies for newly diagnosed AML patients with the potential to revolutionize the diagnosis of hematologic malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umut Aypar
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Division of Laboratory Genetics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Stephanie A Smoley
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Division of Laboratory Genetics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Beth A Pitel
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Division of Laboratory Genetics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Kathryn E Pearce
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Division of Laboratory Genetics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Roman M Zenka
- Bioinformatics Systems, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - George Vasmatzis
- Center for Individualized Medicine-Biomarker Discovery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Sarah H Johnson
- Center for Individualized Medicine-Biomarker Discovery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - James B Smadbeck
- Center for Individualized Medicine-Biomarker Discovery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Jess F Peterson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Division of Laboratory Genetics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Katherine B Geiersbach
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Division of Laboratory Genetics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Daniel L Van Dyke
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Division of Laboratory Genetics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Erik C Thorland
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Division of Laboratory Genetics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Robert B Jenkins
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Division of Laboratory Genetics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Rhett P Ketterling
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Division of Laboratory Genetics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Patricia T Greipp
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Division of Laboratory Genetics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Hutton M Kearney
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Division of Laboratory Genetics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Nicole L Hoppman
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Division of Laboratory Genetics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Linda B Baughn
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Division of Laboratory Genetics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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Hefazi M, Litzow MR. Recent advances in the biology and treatment of B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Blood Lymphat Cancer 2018; 8:47-61. [PMID: 31360093 PMCID: PMC6467350 DOI: 10.2147/blctt.s170351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a hematologic malignancy arising from precursors of the lymphoid lineage. Conventional cytotoxic chemotherapies have resulted in high cure rates of up to 90% in pediatric ALL, but the outcomes for adult patients remain suboptimal with 5-year survival rates of only 30%-40%. Over the last decade, major advances have been made in our understanding and management of ALL. Identification of new prognostic genomic markers and incorporation of minimal residual diseases' assessment into therapeutic protocols have improved risk stratification and treatment strategies. The use of pediatric-inspired regimens for adolescent and young adults, and the advent of tyrosine kinase inhibitors and novel targeted therapies, including monoclonal antibodies and chimeric antigen receptor T cells, have redefined the therapeutic paradigm of ALL, and significantly improved the outcomes. In this article, we will provide an overview of the current knowledge regarding the biology and treatment of ALL, and highlight recent diagnostic and therapeutic advances made in this area over the past 5 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrdad Hefazi
- Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA,
| | - Mark R Litzow
- Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA,
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Fu S, Fu Y, Chen F, Hu Y, Quan B, Zhang J. Overexpression of MYCT1 Inhibits Proliferation and Induces Apoptosis in Human Acute Myeloid Leukemia HL-60 and KG-1a Cells in vitro and in vivo. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1045. [PMID: 30283340 PMCID: PMC6157318 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
MYC target 1 (MYCT1), a direct target gene of c-Myc, is a novel candidate tumor suppressor gene first cloned from laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. The downregulation of MYCT1 has been reported to be associated with carcinogenesis. However, the role of MYCT1 in the development and progress of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remains unknown and requires further investigation. In this study, we first found that the expression level of MYCT1 was significantly lower in the bone marrow (BM) derived from AML patients than that from healthy individuals. The low expression of MYCT1 in AML BM may be due to the hypermethylation in its promoter. MYCT1 expression was strongly associated with French-American-British classifications of AML. The low expression level of MYCT1 was more often observed in patients of M1, M5 and M6 types. In vitro, lentiviral particles carrying the complete CDS of MYCT1 gene were used to mediate the forced overexpression of MYCT1 in two AML cell lines, HL-60 and KG-1a. MYCT1 overexpression significantly inhibited cell proliferation, arrested cell cycle at G0/G1 phase, and downregulated the expression of cyclins D and E. Moreover, MYCT1 overexpression triggered apoptosis in AML cells, which was accompanied by enhanced cleavage of caspase-3 and -9, upregulated expression of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2)-associated X protein (Bax), and downregulated Bcl-2. Finally, in BALB/c nude mice bearing xenograft tumors generated by HL-60 and KG-1a cells, we noted that the intratumoral injection of MYCT1 lentivirus repressed tumor growth and led to massive apoptosis. In summary, our results reveal that MYCT1's promoter is hypermethylated and its expression is downregulated in the BM of AML patients. MYCT1 plays a tumor-suppressive role, and it may serve as a promising target for the genetic therapeutic strategy in treating AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Fu
- Hematology Laboratory, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yu Fu
- Hematology Laboratory, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Fang Chen
- Hematology Laboratory, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yanping Hu
- Hematology Laboratory, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Bi Quan
- Hematology Laboratory, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jihong Zhang
- Hematology Laboratory, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Abdelwahed Hussein MR. Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma of the oral cavity and maxillofacial region: a pathologist viewpoint. Expert Rev Hematol 2018; 11:737-748. [DOI: 10.1080/17474086.2018.1506326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Abstract
For several decades, few substantial therapeutic advances have been made for patients with acute myeloid leukaemia. However, since 2017 unprecedented growth has been seen in the number of drugs available for the treatment of acute myeloid leukaemia, with several new drugs receiving regulatory approval. In addition to advancing our therapeutic armamentarium, an increased understanding of the biology and genomic architecture of acute myeloid leukaemia has led to refined risk assessment of this disease, with consensus risk stratification guidelines now incorporating a growing number of recurrent molecular aberrations that aid in the selection of risk-adapted management strategies. Despite this promising recent progress, the outcomes of patients with acute myeloid leukaemia remain unsatisfactory, with more than half of patients ultimately dying from their disease. Enrolment of patients into clinical trials that evaluate novel drugs and rational combination therapies is imperative to continuing this progress and further improving the outcomes of patients with acute myeloid leukaemia.
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MESH Headings
- Aminoglycosides/therapeutic use
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/therapeutic use
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
- Consolidation Chemotherapy
- Cytarabine/administration & dosage
- Gemtuzumab
- Genomics
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/diagnosis
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/therapy
- Patient Selection
- Recurrence
- Remission Induction
- Risk Assessment
- Risk Factors
- Staurosporine/analogs & derivatives
- Staurosporine/therapeutic use
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Short
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michael E Rytting
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Pediatrics-Patient Care, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jorge E Cortes
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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Prognostic role of microRNA-155 in patients with leukemia: A meta-analysis. Clin Chim Acta 2018; 483:6-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2018.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Smith A, Roman E, Appleton S, Howell D, Johnson R, Burton C, Patmore R. Impact of novel therapies for mantle cell lymphoma in the real world setting: a report from the UK's Haematological Malignancy Research Network (HMRN). Br J Haematol 2018. [PMID: 29532919 PMCID: PMC5947165 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.15170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The treatment landscape for mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) has changed dramatically in recent years, with findings from clinical trials reporting improvements in survival. Data on the general patient population are, however, sparse; and it is unclear whether the effects observed in clinical trials have translated into the real-world setting. To investigate this, we examined first-line and relapsed/refractory (RR) disease management in 335 MCL patients diagnosed between 2004 and 2015 in an established population-based patient cohort, along with data on demographic, diagnostic and prognostic factors. Marked treatment and survival changes were observed; first-line rituximab immunotherapy, for example, increased from 32% to 86% over the 11-year period, and median survival increased from 2·0 years among those first treated in 2004-2011 to 3·5 years among those treated in 2012-2015. Outcomes for RR disease also improved, from 8 months in 2004-2011 to 16·8 months in 2012-2015, coinciding with the introduction of agents, such as bendamustine and ibrutinib. Encouragingly, improvements were seen across all ages; 1-year overall survival among patients over 70 years treated for RR disease almost doubled. Our analyses underscore the importance of monitoring the impact of treatment changes in the real-world setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Smith
- Epidemiology & Cancer Statistics Group, Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK
| | - Eve Roman
- Epidemiology & Cancer Statistics Group, Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK
| | - Simon Appleton
- Epidemiology & Cancer Statistics Group, Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK
| | - Debra Howell
- Epidemiology & Cancer Statistics Group, Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK
| | - Rod Johnson
- Department of Clinical Haematology, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - Cathy Burton
- Department of Clinical Haematology, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK.,Haematological Malignancy Diagnostic Service, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - Russell Patmore
- Queen's Centre for Oncology and Haematology, Hull and East Yorkshire Hospitals, Cottingham, UK
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King RL, Nowakowski GS, Witzig TE, Scott DW, Little RF, Hong F, Gascoyne RD, Kahl BS, Macon WR. Rapid, real time pathology review for ECOG/ACRIN 1412: a novel and successful paradigm for future lymphoma clinical trials in the precision medicine era. Blood Cancer J 2018. [PMID: 29531316 PMCID: PMC5849886 DOI: 10.1038/s41408-018-0064-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
ECOG/ACRIN 1412 (E1412) is a randomized, phase II open-label study of lenalidomide/RCHOP vs. RCHOP alone in adults with newly diagnosed de novo diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and requires NanoString gene expression profiling (GEP) for cell-of-origin testing. Because of high ineligibility rate on retrospective expert central pathology review (ECPR), real-time (RT) ECPR was instituted to confirm diagnosis and ensure adequate tissue for GEP prior to study enrollment. Goal was notification of eligibility within 2 working days (WD). Initially, 208 patients were enrolled, 74 (35.6%) of whom were deemed ineligible by retrospective ECPR. After initiation of RT-ECPR, 219 patients were registered. Of these, 73 (33.3%) were ineligible and were declined enrollment; 47 (21.5% of total) had an ineligible diagnosis on RT-ECPR, and 26 (11.9% of total) had inadequate tissue. Because the 73 ineligible patients were never enrolled, no study slots were “lost” during this phase. Notification of eligibility occurred in an average of 1 WD (Range 0–4) with 97.3% within 2 WD. This novel RT-ECPR serves as a model for future lymphoma trials. Real-time ECPR can help to reduce costs and ensure that study slots accurately reflect the targeted population. In the precision-medicine era, rapid collection of relevant pathology/biomarker data is essential to trial success.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - David W Scott
- British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Richard F Little
- Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Fangxin Hong
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA
| | | | - Brad S Kahl
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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