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Rebello NE, Spadigam AE, Dhupar A. Burden of High-Risk Human Papillomavirus 16- and 18-Associated Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma in the Indian Population: A Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction Study. Cureus 2024; 16:e73427. [PMID: 39669827 PMCID: PMC11634573 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.73427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/11/2024] [Indexed: 12/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a multifactorial disease. Despite continuing research, the role and prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) in oral carcinogenesis initiation and progression remain elusive. AIM This study aimed to detect high-risk HPV 16 and 18 DNA in archival tissue specimens of OSCC using multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and E6 and E7 DNA in the samples positive for HPV 16 and HPV 18 DNA. METHODS Detection of viral DNA in 90 samples of OSCC was achieved using multiplex PCR with primers specific for HPV 16 and 18. Positive samples were further subjected to multiplex PCR to detect the presence of viral E6 and E7 DNA. RESULTS Among the 90 samples evaluated, 23 (25.6%) were positive for HPV 16 DNA and two (2.2%) for HPV 18 DNA. None showed the presence of both strains in the same sample. Among the 23 samples positive for HPV 16, 17 (73.9%) showed combined expression of E6 and E7 DNA, six (23.1%) expressed E6 DNA alone, and none expressed E7 DNA. Both the samples positive for HPV 18 showed the expression of E7 DNA alone. CONCLUSION The present study establishes the existence of a subset of patients within the Indian subpopulation that harbor the oncogenic strains of HPV. This contributes to the global pool of data and reinforces the need for future research to delve into the role of prophylactic vaccination targeting oncogenic HPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nairica E Rebello
- Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Microbiology and Forensic Odontology, Goa Dental College and Hospital, Panjim, IND
| | - Anita E Spadigam
- Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Microbiology and Forensic Odontology, Goa Dental College and Hospital, Panjim, IND
| | - Anita Dhupar
- Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Microbiology and Forensic Odontology, Goa Dental College and Hospital, Panjim, IND
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2
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Ghossein RA, Dogan S, Cohen MA, Katabi N, Xu B. Histologic spectrum and outcome of Human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma: a single center experience and a survey of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TGCA) cohort. Virchows Arch 2024; 485:665-674. [PMID: 39289237 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-024-03837-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
While high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) serves as an essential pathogen and an important prognostic and predictive biomarker for oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma, it occurs at low frequency (2.2-6%) in oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC). To date, the pathologic features of HPV-associated OCSCC (HPV( +)-OCSCC) have been sparsely reported and its prognosis is not well-defined. We herein described detailed clinicopathologic features and outcomes of a retrospective series of 27 HPV( +)-OCSCC, including 13 from Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) and 14 from The Cancer Genomic Atlas program (TCGA). The frequency of HPV positivity in OCSCC was 0.7% in MSKCC cohort and 4.9% in TCGA cohort. Although HPV( +)-OCSCC was predominantly non-keratinizing (in 81%) with various degree of maturation, its histologic spectrum was expanded to include keratinizing subtype (19%), adenosquamous carcinoma (7%), and papillary architecture (subtype, 7%). HPV( +)-OCSCC predominantly affected male patients (male:female ratio = 12.5:1) and (ex) smokers (77%). It might occur in mandibular mucosa, floor of mouth, tongue, retromolar trigone, buccal mucosa, maxillary mucosa, or hard palate. In oral cavity, positivity of HPV by RNA in situ hybridization was required, and p16 immunohistochemistry alone was insufficient to confirm the HPV + status. The positive predictive value of p16 immunopositivity in detecting HPV infection was 68%. HPV-positivity did not appear to affect outcomes, including disease specific survival and progression free survival in OCSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald A Ghossein
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Snjezana Dogan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Marc A Cohen
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nora Katabi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Bin Xu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
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3
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Ekanayaka RP, Tilakaratne WM. Impact of histopathological parameters in prognosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Dis 2024. [PMID: 38938003 DOI: 10.1111/odi.15035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Squamous cell carcinomas comprise approximately 90% of all oral malignancies. There is a wide geographical variation in the incidence of oral cancer, with South and South East Asia (SSEA) accounting for almost two third of new cases. The prognosis of oral cancer is influenced by a vast array of factors including demographic, clinical, histopathological and molecular factors. The objective this review is to analyse the impact of histopathological features assessed in hematoxylin and eosin stained sections on the prognosis of OSCC. MATERIALS AND METHODS Medline and Scopus data base search was performed in order to identify related articles on histopathological parameters in predicting prognosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma. The primary emphasis is on the studies conducted in SSEA, with an accompanying comparison of their findings with those from research conducted in other parts of the world. RESULTS It has been shown that the number of studies conducted in SSEA is not proportionate to the high prevalence of Oral Cancer in the region. There is no significant difference between the findings from SSEA compared to the rest of the world. It is clearly shown that most histopathological parameters can be accurately used to predict nodal metastasis and prognosis. CONCLUSIONS Histopathological parameters can be used reliably in planning treatment of Oral cancer. Clinicians should combine clinical and histopathological parameters in drawing treatment plan for Oral Cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- R P Ekanayaka
- Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - W M Tilakaratne
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Lalremtluangi R, Dangore-Khasbage S. Non-Habit-Related Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Review. Cureus 2024; 16:e54594. [PMID: 38523993 PMCID: PMC10959472 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.54594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a serious and potentially life-threatening condition that can have a profound impact on an individual's health and well-being. Its etiology is commonly known to be habit induced, such as tobacco consumption, smoking, or alcohol abuse. Apart from these etiologies, certain factors that lead to OSCC are also present but are less frequently encountered in hospitals and clinics. However, these non-habitual factors, with their pathogenesis, can lead to OSCC, which may be confusing to certain medical practitioners. This article discusses the various non-habitual causes that can lead to OSCC, as well as their pathophysiology, molecular expression, and related indicators and prognostic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalyn Lalremtluangi
- Oral Medicine and Radiology, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education & Research, Wardha, IND
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Einhaus J, Gaudilliere DK, Hedou J, Feyaerts D, Ozawa MG, Sato M, Ganio EA, Tsai AS, Stelzer IA, Bruckman KC, Amar JN, Sabayev M, Bonham TA, Gillard J, Diop M, Cambriel A, Mihalic ZN, Valdez T, Liu SY, Feirrera L, Lam DK, Sunwoo JB, Schürch CM, Gaudilliere B, Han X. Spatial subsetting enables integrative modeling of oral squamous cell carcinoma multiplex imaging data. iScience 2023; 26:108486. [PMID: 38125025 PMCID: PMC10730356 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), a prevalent and aggressive neoplasm, poses a significant challenge due to poor prognosis and limited prognostic biomarkers. Leveraging highly multiplexed imaging mass cytometry, we investigated the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) in OSCC biopsies, characterizing immune cell distribution and signaling activity at the tumor-invasive front. Our spatial subsetting approach standardized cellular populations by tissue zone, improving feature reproducibility and revealing TIME patterns accompanying loss-of-differentiation. Employing a machine-learning pipeline combining reliable feature selection with multivariable modeling, we achieved accurate histological grade classification (AUC = 0.88). Three model features correlated with clinical outcomes in an independent cohort: granulocyte MAPKAPK2 signaling at the tumor front, stromal CD4+ memory T cell size, and the distance of fibroblasts from the tumor border. This study establishes a robust modeling framework for distilling complex imaging data, uncovering sentinel characteristics of the OSCC TIME to facilitate prognostic biomarkers discovery for recurrence risk stratification and immunomodulatory therapy development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Einhaus
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative & Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Neuropathology, University Hospital and Comprehensive Cancer Center Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Dyani K. Gaudilliere
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Julien Hedou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative & Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Dorien Feyaerts
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative & Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Michael G. Ozawa
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Masaki Sato
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative & Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Edward A. Ganio
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative & Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Amy S. Tsai
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ina A. Stelzer
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative & Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Karl C. Bruckman
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jonas N. Amar
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative & Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Maximilian Sabayev
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative & Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Thomas A. Bonham
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative & Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Joshua Gillard
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative & Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Maïgane Diop
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative & Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Amelie Cambriel
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative & Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Zala N. Mihalic
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative & Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Tulio Valdez
- Division of Pediatrics, Department of Otolaryngology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Stanley Y. Liu
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Division of Sleep Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Leticia Feirrera
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of the Pacific, Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - David K. Lam
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of the Pacific, Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - John B. Sunwoo
- Division of Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Christian M. Schürch
- Department of Pathology and Neuropathology, University Hospital and Comprehensive Cancer Center Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) “Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies”, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Brice Gaudilliere
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative & Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Xiaoyuan Han
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of the Pacific, Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Agha‐Hosseini F, Hafezi Motlagh K. The correlation between human papillomavirus and oral lichen planus: A systematic review of the literature. Immun Inflamm Dis 2023; 11:e960. [PMID: 37647448 PMCID: PMC10408375 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic inflammatory disorder with cell-induced immunopathological responses and is considered a potential malignancy disorder in the oral cavity. Due to the high prevalence of OLP as well as the potential for malignancy, human papillomaviruses (HPVs) may play an important role in it. Although previous studies have explored the possible relationship between HPV and OLP, the findings have been conflicting and nonconclusive. This study aims to review the studies that investigated HPV-16 and HPV-18 in OLP. METHODS AND MATERIALS The research protocol followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews (PRISMA2020) checklist. The online databases Pubmed, Scopus, Embase, Google Scholar, and Cochrane were searched using the following individual keywords: "OLP" OR "Oral Lichen Planus" OR "HPV" OR "Human Papillomavirus." The search strategy resulted in the selection of 80 articles. The articles were evaluated, and after duplication removal, 53 abstracts were reviewed, resulting in the selection of 25 studies according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. The risk of bias assessment was done by using the Modified Newcastle-Ottawa quality assessment scale. The overall prevalence of HPV in OLP lesions varied from 2.7% to 70%, depending on the type of diagnostic method used. CONCLUSION Despite the studies conducted on the relationship between OLP and HPV infection, there is still no conclusive evidence that HPV can play a role in the etiopathogenesis of OLP, either in clinical manifestations or in the malignant transformation of lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Agha‐Hosseini
- Dental Research CenterDentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
- Department of Oral Medicine, Faculty of DentistryTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
- The Academy of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Kimia Hafezi Motlagh
- Department of Oral Medicine, School of DentistryTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
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7
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Sajid M, Sharma P, Srivastava S, Hariprasad R, Singh H, Bharadwaj M. Alteration of oral bacteriome of smokeless tobacco users and their association with oral cancer. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s00253-023-12534-z. [PMID: 37154908 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12534-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Smokeless tobacco (SLT) is certainly one of the major risk factors associated with oral cancer. Disruption of oral microbiota-host homeostasis contributes to the progression of oral cancer. Here, we profiled SLT users' oral bacterial composition and inferred their functions by sequencing 16S rDNA V3-V4 region and PICRUSt2, respectively. Oral bacteriome of SLT users (with or without oral premalignant lesions), SLT with alcohol co-users, and non-SLT consumers were compared. Oral bacteriome is shaped primarily by SLT use and the incidence of oral premalignant lesions (OPL). A significantly increased bacterial α-diversity was monitored in SLT users with OPL compared to in SLT users without OPL and non-users, whereas β-diversity was significantly explained by OPL status. Overrepresented genera were Prevotella, Fusobacterium, Veillonella, Haemophilus, Capnocytophaga, and Leptotrichia in SLT users having OPL. LEfSe analysis identified 16 genera as a biomarker that were differentially abundant in SLT users having OPL. The functional prediction of genes significantly increased for several metabolic pathways, more importantly, were nitrogen metabolism, nucleotide metabolism, energy metabolism, and biosynthesis/biodegradation of secondary metabolites in SLT users having OPL. Furthermore, HPV-16 and EBV, but not HPV-18, were considerably connected with the SLT users having OPL. Overall, this study provides evidence that SLT utilization and OPL development are associated with oral bacteriome dysbiosis indicating the enrichment of bacterial species known for their contribution to oral carcinogenesis. Therefore, delineating the cancer-inducing bacterial population in SLT users will facilitate the future development of microbiome-targeted therapies. KEY POINTS: • SLT consumption significantly elevates oral bacterial diversity. • Prevalent significant genera are Prevotella, Veillonella, and Haemophilus in SLT users with OPL. • SLT promotes the occurrence of the cancer-inducing bacterial population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Sajid
- Division of Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Molecular Biology Group, ICMR-National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research, Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India
| | - Pragya Sharma
- Molecular Biology Group, ICMR-National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research, Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India
| | - Sonal Srivastava
- Division of Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Molecular Biology Group, ICMR-National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research, Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India
| | - Roopa Hariprasad
- Division of Clinical Oncology, ICMR-National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research, Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India
| | - Harpreet Singh
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | - Mausumi Bharadwaj
- Division of Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Molecular Biology Group, ICMR-National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research, Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India.
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8
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Vani NV, Madhanagopal R, Swaminathan R, Ganesan TS. Dynamics of oral human papillomavirus infection in healthy population and head and neck cancer. Cancer Med 2023. [PMID: 36846921 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.5686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The recent increase in high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV)-associated oral and oropharyngeal cancers has gained considerable importance due to their distinct clinical and molecular characteristics. However, the natural history of oral HPV from acquisition to persistence and malignant transformation is still unclear. The global prevalence of oral HPV infection in healthy individuals ranges from 0.67% to 35%, while 31%-38.5% in head and neck cancer (HNC). The persistence rate of oral HR-HPV infection is 5.5% -12.8% globally. India has the highest HNC burden due to apparent differences in predisposing factors compared with the West. The prevalence of oral HPV in healthy individuals and its contribution to HNC is less evident in Indian studies. HR-HPV-associated HNC in this region accounts for 26%, with an active infection in 8%-15% of these tumors. There is a lack of concordance in the expression of p16 as a surrogate marker for HPV detection in HNC because of differences in behavioral risk factors. Due to a lack of evidence, treatment de-escalation cannot be implemented despite the improved outcome of HPV-associated oropharyngeal cancers. This review critically analyzes the existing literature on the dynamics of oral HPV infection and HPV-associated HNC, identifying potential avenues for future research. A better understanding of the oncogenic role of HR-HPV in HNC will help to formulate novel therapeutic approaches and is expected to have a significant public health impact as preventive strategies can be implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- N V Vani
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Tumour Registry, Cancer Institute (WIA), Chennai, India
| | - R Madhanagopal
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Tumour Registry, Cancer Institute (WIA), Chennai, India
| | - R Swaminathan
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Tumour Registry, Cancer Institute (WIA), Chennai, India
| | - T S Ganesan
- Medical Oncology, Cancer Institute (WIA), Chennai, India
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Satgunaseelan L, Strbenac D, Tadi S, Nguyen K, Wykes J, Palme CE, Low TH(H, Yang JYH, Clark JR, Gupta R. Viral Integration Plays a Minor Role in the Development and Prognostication of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:5213. [PMID: 36358632 PMCID: PMC9656962 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14215213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Viruses are well known drivers of several human malignancies. A causative factor for oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in patients with limited exposure to traditional risk factors, including tobacco use, is yet to be identified. Our study aimed to comprehensively evaluate the role of viral drivers in OSCC patients with low cumulative exposure to traditional risk factors. Patients under 50 years of age with OSCC, defined using strict anatomic criteria were selected for WGS. The WGS data was interrogated using viral detection tools (Kraken 2 and BLASTN), together examining >700,000 viruses. The findings were further verified using tissue microarrays of OSCC samples using both immunohistochemistry and RNA in situ hybridisation (ISH). 28 patients underwent WGS and comprehensive viral profiling. One 49-year-old male patient with OSCC of the hard palate demonstrated HPV35 integration. 657 cases of OSCC were then evaluated for the presence of HPV integration through immunohistochemistry for p16 and HPV RNA ISH. HPV integration was seen in 8 (1.2%) patients, all middle-aged men with predominant floor of mouth involvement. In summary, a wide-ranging interrogation of >700,000 viruses using OSCC WGS data showed HPV integration in a minority of male OSCC patients and did not carry any prognostic significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laveniya Satgunaseelan
- Department of Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology, NSW Health Pathology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Dario Strbenac
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Sahithi Tadi
- Sydney Head and Neck Cancer Institute, Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Chris O’Brien Lifehouse, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Kevin Nguyen
- Sydney Head and Neck Cancer Institute, Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Chris O’Brien Lifehouse, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - James Wykes
- Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
- Sydney Head and Neck Cancer Institute, Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Chris O’Brien Lifehouse, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Carsten E. Palme
- Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
- Sydney Head and Neck Cancer Institute, Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Chris O’Brien Lifehouse, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Tsu-Hui (Hubert) Low
- Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
- Sydney Head and Neck Cancer Institute, Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Chris O’Brien Lifehouse, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head & Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Jean Y. H. Yang
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Jonathan R. Clark
- Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
- Sydney Head and Neck Cancer Institute, Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Chris O’Brien Lifehouse, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
- Royal Prince Alfred Institute of Academic Surgery, Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Ruta Gupta
- Department of Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology, NSW Health Pathology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
- Sydney Head and Neck Cancer Institute, Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Chris O’Brien Lifehouse, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
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10
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Mena M, Wang X, Tous S, Quiros B, Clavero O, Alejo M, Morey F, Taberna M, Leon Vintro X, Lloveras Rubio B, Alos L, Mehanna H, Quint W, Pawlita M, Tommasino M, Pavón MA, Muñoz N, De Sanjose S, Bosch FX, Alemany L. Concordance of p16 INK4a and E6*I mRNA among HPV-DNA-Positive Oropharyngeal, Laryngeal, and Oral Cavity Carcinomas from the ICO International Study. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:3787. [PMID: 35954451 PMCID: PMC9367257 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14153787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Tests or test algorithms for diagnosing HPV-driven oral cavity and laryngeal head and neck carcinomas (HNC) have not been yet validated, and the differences among oral cavity and laryngeal sites have not been comprehensively evaluated. We aimed to assess the utility of a diagnostic algorithm for the detection of HPV-driven oral cavity (OCC), oropharyngeal (OPC) and laryngeal (LC) carcinomas using HPV-DNA testing followed by p16INK4a immunohistochemistry, taking E6*I mRNA detection as the reference standard. Methods: Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded OCC, OPC, and LC carcinomas were collected from pathology archives in 29 countries. All samples were subjected to histopathological evaluation, DNA quality control, and HPV-DNA detection. All HPV-DNA-positive samples (including 78 OCC, 257 OPC, and 51 LC out of 3680 HNC with valid HPV-DNA results) were also tested for p16INK4a immunohistochemistry and E6*I mRNA. Three different cutoffs of nuclear and cytoplasmic staining were evaluated for p16INK4a: (a) >25%, (b) >50%, and (c) ≥70%. The concordance of p16INK4a and E6*I mRNA among HPV-DNA-positive OCC, OPC, and LC cases was assessed. Results: A total of 78 OCC, 257 OPC, and 51 LC were HPV-DNA-positive and further tested for p16INK4a and E6*I mRNA. The percentage of concordance between p16INK4a (cutoff ≥ 70%) and E6*I mRNA among HPV-DNA-positive OCC, OPC, and LC cases was 79.5% (95% CI 69.9−89.1%), 82.1% (95% CI 77.2−87.0%), and 56.9% (95% CI 42.3−71.4%), respectively. A p16INK4a cutoff of >50% improved the concordance although the improvement was not statistically significant. For most anatomical locations and p16INK4a cutoffs, the percentage of discordant cases was higher for HPV16- than HPV-non16-positive cases. Conclusions: The diagnostic algorithm of HPV-DNA testing followed by p16INK4a immunohistochemistry might be helpful in the diagnosis of HPV-driven OCC and OPC, but not LC. A different p16INK4a expression pattern was observed in those cases HPV-DNA-positive for types other than HPV16, as compared to HPV16-positive cases. Our study provides new insights into the use HPV-DNA, p16INK4a, and HPV-E6*I mRNA for diagnosing an HPV-driven HNC, including the optimal HPV test or p16INK4a cutoffs to be used. More studies are warranted to clarify the role of p16INK4a and HPV status in both OPC and non-OPC HNC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa Mena
- Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO)-IDIBELL, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Xin Wang
- Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO)-IDIBELL, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sara Tous
- Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO)-IDIBELL, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Quiros
- Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO)-IDIBELL, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Omar Clavero
- Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO)-IDIBELL, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Alejo
- Pathology Department, Hospital de Vic, 08500 Vic, Spain
- Pathology Department, Hospital General de l’Hopitalet, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisca Morey
- Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO)-IDIBELL, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miren Taberna
- Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO)-IDIBELL, ONCOBELL, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Leon Vintro
- Otorhinolaryngology Department, Hospital Sant Pau, 08026 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Llúcia Alos
- Pathology Department, Hospital Clinic, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Hisham Mehanna
- Institute of Head and Neck Studies and Education, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Wim Quint
- DDL Diagnostic Laboratory, 2288 ER Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Michael Pawlita
- Division of Molecular Diagnostics of Oncogenic Infections, Research Program Infection, Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Massimo Tommasino
- Infections and Cancer Biology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 69372 Lyon, France
| | - Miguel Angel Pavón
- Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO)-IDIBELL, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Nubia Muñoz
- National Cancer Institute, Bogotá 111511, Colombia
| | - Silvia De Sanjose
- Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO)-IDIBELL, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- ISGlobal, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Xavier Bosch
- Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO)-IDIBELL, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laia Alemany
- Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO)-IDIBELL, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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11
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Scott-Wittenborn N, D'Souza G, Tewari S, Rooper L, Troy T, Drake V, Bigelow EO, Windon MJ, Ryan WR, Ha PK, Kiess AP, Miles B, Westra WH, Mydlarz WK, Eisele DW, Fakhry C. Prevalence of human papillomavirus in head and neck cancers at tertiary care centers in the United States over time. Cancer 2022; 128:1767-1774. [PMID: 35132635 PMCID: PMC9007835 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.34124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human papillomavirus (HPV) is responsible for a growing proportion of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas (OPSCCs) among men and White individuals. Whether similar trends apply to women, non‐Whites, and non‐oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas (non‐OPSCCs) is unknown. METHODS This is a cross‐sectional analysis combining 2 multi‐institutional case series of incident head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cases. Incident HNSCCs from 1995 to 2012 were enrolled retrospectively using banked tumor samples and medical record abstraction. Incident HNSCCs from 2013 to 2019 were enrolled prospectively. The prevalence of tumor HPV biomarkers was tested over 3 time periods (1995‐2003, 2004‐2012, and 2013‐2019). Centralized testing was done for p16 immunohistochemistry (p16) and oncogenic HPV in situ hybridization (ISH). RESULTS A total of 1209 incident cases of HNSCC were included. Prevalence of p16‐ and ISH‐positive tumors increased significantly for oropharynx cancers over time. The majority were positive after 2013 for White patients (p16, 92%; P < .001; ISH 94%; P < .001), Black patients (p16, 72%; P = .021; ISH 67%; P = .011), and Hispanic patients (p16, 100%; P = .04; ISH 100%; P = .013). For women with OPSCC, the prevalence of p16‐ and ISH‐positive tumors increased significantly to 82% (P < .001) and 78% (P = .004), respectively. For non‐OPSCCs, there was increased p16 and ISH positivity overall with 24% p16 and 16% ISH positivity in the most recent time period (P < .001 for both). CONCLUSIONS The majority of OPSCCs in US tertiary care centers are now p16 and ISH positive for all sex and race groups. In some populations in the United States, 91% of OPSCCs are now caused by HPV. Few non‐OPSCCs are p16 and ISH positive. This study evaluates the prevalence of p16 and in situ hybridization positivity in head and neck cancers over time. This study shows an increase in prevalence over time among women and non‐Whites, 2 groups that are understudied in the epidemiology of human papillomavirus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gypsyamber D'Souza
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Sakshi Tewari
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Lisa Rooper
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Tanya Troy
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Virginia Drake
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Elaine O Bigelow
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Melina J Windon
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - William R Ryan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Patrick K Ha
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Ana P Kiess
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Brett Miles
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, New York
| | - William H Westra
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Wojciech K Mydlarz
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - David W Eisele
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Carole Fakhry
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
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12
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Bar JK, Cierpikowski P, Lis-Nawara A, Duc P, Hałoń A, Radwan-Oczko M. Comparison of p53, HSP90, E-cadherin and HPV in oral lichen planus and oral squamous cell carcinoma. ACTA OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGICA ITALICA : ORGANO UFFICIALE DELLA SOCIETA ITALIANA DI OTORINOLARINGOLOGIA E CHIRURGIA CERVICO-FACCIALE 2021; 41:514-522. [PMID: 34928263 PMCID: PMC8686798 DOI: 10.14639/0392-100x-n1450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic inflammatory disease. There are no markers that can be used to identify the risk of a malignant transformation of OLP to oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). METHODS Immunohistochemical staining was performed among 56 patients with OLP and 66 patients with OSCC for p53, HSP90 and E-cadherin expression and presence of HPV16/18. RESULTS Significant differences in p53 and HSP90 expression between OLP and OSCC were found (p = 0.01 and p = 0.006, respectively). A positive correlation between HSP90 and p53 expression was seen in OLP (p = 0.017). Univariate analysis identified HSP90 expression and HPV16/18 presence as prognostic factors for overall survival time (OS) (p < 0.05). In multivariate analysis, only HSP90 expression was an independent prediction factor for shorter OS of OSCC patients (p = 0.016). CONCLUSIONS The present study suggests that cooperation between p53 and HSP90 as well as between HPV16/18 and HSP90 exists in OLP and may affect the biological behaviour of OLP. The observed expression of HSP90 and p53 in OLP and their increase in OSCC suggests that these proteins participate in the malignant transformation of OLP. HSP90 may be a potential independent prognostic biomarker that can predict poor prognosis in OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia K Bar
- Department of Immunopathology and Molecular Biology, Wroclaw Medical University, Poland
| | - Piotr Cierpikowski
- Department of Immunopathology and Molecular Biology, Wroclaw Medical University, Poland
| | - Anna Lis-Nawara
- Department of Immunopathology and Molecular Biology, Wroclaw Medical University, Poland
| | - Paula Duc
- Department of Oral Pathology, Wroclaw Medical University, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Hałoń
- Department of Pathomorphology and Oncological Cytology, Wroclaw Medical University, Poland
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13
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de Lima MAP, Cavalcante RB, da Silva CGL, Nogueira RLM, Macedo GEC, de Galiza LE, Pinheiro JV, Maia Filho PHB, Santos SF, Rabenhorst SHB. Evaluation of HPV and EBV in OSCC and the expression of p53, p16, E-cadherin, COX-2, MYC, and MLH1. Oral Dis 2021; 28:1104-1122. [PMID: 33660890 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the presence of human papillomavirus (HPV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and the expression of p53, p16, E-cadherin, COX-2, MLH1, and MYC in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). MATERIALS AND METHODS One hundred OSCC specimens were submitted to in situ hybridization for HPV and EBV, and immunohistochemistry for detection of the human proteins. RESULTS Thirty-one cases showed HPV in tumor tissue. EBV was not detected in any case investigated. The HPV(+) group demonstrated an increase of staining scores for nuclear p16 (p = .047), cytoplasmic MYC (p = .002), while a decrease for nuclear MLH1 (p = .048), suggesting that HPV may upregulate the expression of the first two proteins and down-regulate the latter. CONCLUSION Our findings reinforce the hypothesis of the HPV-related oral carcinogenesis involving the expression of p16 and MYC, and MLH1 suppression. Exclusively cytoplasmic stainings for p16, MLH1, and MYC were also associated with more advanced tumors. Finally, in view of the lack of studies correlating the HPV or EBV infection to the expression of oncoproteins, more researches assessing a broader panel of markers and employing different approaches are still necessary in order to understand the role of these viruses as well as the molecular mechanisms involved in the development and progression of oral carcinomas.
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14
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Schmitt NC. HPV in non-oropharyngeal head and neck cancer: does it matter? ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:1120. [PMID: 33240969 PMCID: PMC7576011 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-3346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole C Schmitt
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
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15
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Campbell BR, Chen Z, Faden DL, Agrawal N, Li RJ, Hanna GJ, Iyer NG, Boot A, Rozen SG, Vettore AL, Panda B, Krishnan NM, Pickering CR, Myers JN, Guo X, Lang Kuhs KA. The mutational landscape of early- and typical-onset oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer 2020; 127:544-553. [PMID: 33146897 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.33309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC) is increasing among younger birth cohorts. The etiology of early-onset OTSCC (diagnosed before the age of 50 years) and cancer driver genes remain largely unknown. METHODS The Sequencing Consortium of Oral Tongue Cancer was established through the pooling of somatic mutation data of oral tongue cancer specimens (n = 227 [107 early-onset cases]) from 7 studies and The Cancer Genome Atlas. Somatic mutations at microsatellite loci and Catalog of Somatic Mutations in Cancer mutation signatures were identified. Cancer driver genes were identified with the MutSigCV and WITER algorithms. Mutation comparisons between early- and typical-onset OTSCC were evaluated via linear regression with adjustments for patient-related factors. RESULTS Two novel driver genes (ATXN1 and CDC42EP1) and 5 previously reported driver genes (TP53, CDKN2A, CASP8, NOTCH1, and FAT1) were identified. Six recurrent mutations were identified, with 4 occurring in TP53. Early-onset OTSCC had significantly fewer nonsilent mutations even after adjustments for tobacco use. No associations of microsatellite locus mutations and mutation signatures with the age of OTSCC onset were observed. CONCLUSIONS This international, multicenter consortium is the largest study to characterize the somatic mutational landscape of OTSCC and the first to suggest differences by age of onset. This study validates multiple previously identified OTSCC driver genes and proposes 2 novel cancer driver genes. In analyses by age, early-onset OTSCC had a significantly smaller somatic mutational burden that was not explained by differences in tobacco use. LAY SUMMARY This study identifies 7 specific areas in the human genetic code that could be responsible for promoting the development of tongue cancer. Tongue cancer in young patients (under the age of 50 years) has fewer overall changes to the genetic code in comparison with tongue cancer in older patients, but the authors do not think that this is due to differences in smoking rates between the 2 groups. The cause of increasing cases of tongue cancer in young patients remains unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin R Campbell
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Zhishan Chen
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.,Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Daniel L Faden
- Head and Neck Surgical Oncology, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Nishant Agrawal
- Section of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ryan J Li
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Glenn J Hanna
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Center for Head and Neck Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - N Gopalakrishna Iyer
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Arnoud Boot
- Center for Computational Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Steven G Rozen
- Center for Computational Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Andre L Vettore
- Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Binay Panda
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Curtis R Pickering
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jeffrey N Myers
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Xingyi Guo
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.,Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, Tennessee.,Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Krystle A Lang Kuhs
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.,Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.,Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, Tennessee.,Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
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16
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Krishnan NM, Katoh H, Palve V, Pareek M, Sato R, Ishikawa S, Panda B. Functional genomics screen with pooled shRNA library and gene expression profiling with extracts of Azadirachta indica identify potential pathways for therapeutic targets in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. PeerJ 2019; 7:e6464. [PMID: 30842898 PMCID: PMC6398373 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor suppression by the extracts of Azadirachta indica (neem) works via anti-proliferation, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis, demonstrated previously using cancer cell lines and live animal models. However, very little is known about the molecular targets and pathways that neem extracts and their associated compounds act through. Here, we address this using a genome-wide functional pooled shRNA screen on head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cell lines treated with crude neem leaf extracts, known for their anti-tumorigenic activity. We analyzed differences in global clonal sizes of the shRNA-infected cells cultured under no treatment and treatment with neem leaf extract conditions, assayed using next-generation sequencing. We found 225 genes affected the cancer cell growth in the shRNA-infected cells treated with neem extract. Pathway enrichment analyses of whole-genome gene expression data from cells temporally treated with neem extract revealed important roles played by the TGF-β pathway and HSF-1-related gene network. Our results indicate that neem extract affects various important molecular signaling pathways in head and neck cancer cells, some of which may be therapeutic targets for this devastating tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeraja M. Krishnan
- Ganit Labs, Bio-IT Centre, Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology, Bangalore, India
- Ganit Labs Foundation, New Delhi, India
| | - Hiroto Katoh
- Department of Genomic Pathology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
- JST, PRESTO, Saitama, Japan
| | - Vinayak Palve
- Ganit Labs, Bio-IT Centre, Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology, Bangalore, India
| | - Manisha Pareek
- Ganit Labs, Bio-IT Centre, Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology, Bangalore, India
| | - Reiko Sato
- Department of Genomic Pathology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shumpei Ishikawa
- Department of Genomic Pathology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Binay Panda
- Ganit Labs, Bio-IT Centre, Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology, Bangalore, India
- Ganit Labs Foundation, New Delhi, India
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