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Kadamkulam Syriac A, Nandu NS, Clark A, Tavallai M, Jin DX, Sokol E, McGregor K, Ross JS, Danziger N, Leone JP. Genomic profiling and comparative analysis of male versus female metastatic breast cancer across subtypes. Breast Cancer Res 2024; 26:118. [PMID: 39049124 PMCID: PMC11267671 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-024-01872-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Male breast cancer (MaBC) has limited data on genomic alterations. We aimed to comprehensively describe and compare MaBC's genomics with female breast cancer's (FBC) across subtypes. METHODS Using genomic data from Foundation Medicine, we categorized 253 MaBC into estrogen receptor (ER)-positive/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative (n = 210), ER-positive/HER2-positive (n = 22) and triple-negative (n = 20). One ER-negative/HER2-positive case was excluded due to n-of-1. The genomics of the final MaBC cohort (n = 252) were compared to a FBC cohort (n = 2708) stratified by molecular subtype, with adjusted p-values. In the overall MaBC and FBC cohorts, we compared mutational prevalence in cancer susceptibility genes (CSG) (ATM/BRCA1/BRCA2/CHEK2/PALB2). RESULTS Comparing ER-positive/HER2-negative cases, MaBc had increased alterations in GATA3 (26.2% vs. 15.9%, p = 0.005), BRCA2 (13.8% vs. 5.3%, p < 0.001), MDM2 (13.3% vs. 6.14%, p = 0.004) and CDK4 (7.1% vs. 1.8%, p < 0.001); and decreased frequency of TP53 (11.0% vs. 42.6%, p < 0.001) and ESR1 mutations (5.7% vs. 14.6%, p < 0.001). Comparing ER-positive/HER2-positive cases, MaBC had increased short variants in ERBB2 (22.7% vs. 0.6%, p = 0.002), GATA3 (36.3% vs. 6.2%, p = 0.004), and MDM2 (36.3% vs. 4.9%, p = 0.002); decreased frequency of TP53 alterations was seen in MaBC versus FBC (9.1% vs. 61.7%, p < 0.001). Within triple-negative cases, MaBC had decreased alterations in TP53 compared to FBC (25.0% vs. 84.4%, p < 0.001). MaBC had higher frequency of CSG variants than FBC (22.6% vs. 14.6%, p < 0.05), with increased BRCA mutations in MaBC (14.6% vs. 9.1%, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Although MaBC and FBC share some common alterations, our study revealed several important differences relevant to tumor biology and implications for targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Kadamkulam Syriac
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute at St. Elizabeth's Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Mass General Cancer Center at Wentworth-Douglass Hospital, Dover, NH, USA
| | - Nitish Singh Nandu
- University Hospital, University of Missouri Health Care, Columbia, MO, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jeffrey S Ross
- Foundation Medicine, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | | | - Jose Pablo Leone
- Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Ave., Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
- Breast Oncology Program, Dana-Farber Brigham Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Nicolò E, Gianni C, Curigliano G, Reduzzi C, Cristofanilli M. Modeling the management of patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive breast cancer with liquid biopsy: the future of precision medicine. Curr Opin Oncol 2024:00001622-990000000-00197. [PMID: 39011731 DOI: 10.1097/cco.0000000000001082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW In the evolving landscape of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive breast cancer (BC) management, liquid biopsy offers unprecedented opportunities for guiding clinical decisions. Here, we review the most recent findings on liquid biopsy applications in HER2-positive BC and its potential role in addressing challenges specific to this BC subtype. RECENT FINDINGS Recent studies have highlighted the significance of liquid biopsy analytes, primarily circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) and circulating tumor cells (CTCs), in stratifying patients' prognosis, predicting treatment response, and monitoring tumor evolution in both early and advanced stages of BC. Liquid biopsy holds promise in studying minimal residual disease to detect and potentially treat disease recurrence before it manifests clinically. Additionally, liquid biopsy may have significant implication in the management of brain metastasis, a major challenge in HER2-positive BC, and could redefine parameters for determining HER2 positivity. Combining ctDNA and CTCs is crucial for a comprehensive understanding of HER2-positive tumors, as they provide complementary insights. SUMMARY Research efforts are needed to address analytical challenges, validate, and broaden the application of liquid biopsy in HER2-positive BC. This effort will ultimately facilitate its integration into clinical practice, optimizing the care of patients with HER2-positive tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Nicolò
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Caterina Gianni
- Department of Medical Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) 'Dino Amadori', Meldola
| | - Giuseppe Curigliano
- Division of New Drugs and Early Drug Development, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS
- Department of Oncology and Hematology-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Carolina Reduzzi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Massimo Cristofanilli
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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Tufail M, Wan WD, Jiang C, Li N. Targeting PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling to overcome drug resistance in cancer. Chem Biol Interact 2024; 396:111055. [PMID: 38763348 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2024.111055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
This review comprehensively explores the challenge of drug resistance in cancer by focusing on the pivotal PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, elucidating its role in oncogenesis and resistance mechanisms across various cancer types. It meticulously examines the diverse mechanisms underlying resistance, including genetic mutations, feedback loops, and microenvironmental factors, while also discussing the associated resistance patterns. Evaluating current therapeutic strategies targeting this pathway, the article highlights the hurdles encountered in drug development and clinical trials. Innovative approaches to overcome resistance, such as combination therapies and precision medicine, are critically analyzed, alongside discussions on emerging therapies like immunotherapy and molecularly targeted agents. Overall, this comprehensive review not only sheds light on the complexities of resistance in cancer but also provides a roadmap for advancing cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Tufail
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Center of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wen-Dong Wan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Center of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Canhua Jiang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Center of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Institute of Oral Precancerous Lesions, Central South University, Changsha, China; Research Center of Oral and Maxillofacial Tumor, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Center of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Institute of Oral Precancerous Lesions, Central South University, Changsha, China; Research Center of Oral and Maxillofacial Tumor, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
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Gan T, Chen J, Wang H, Shang C, Xi S, Fan Z, He B, Zhang M, Zhao L. Impact of sequential (first- to third-generation) EGFR-TKI treatment on corrected QT interval in NSCLC patients. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1330165. [PMID: 38774407 PMCID: PMC11106428 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1330165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the impact of sequential (first- to third-generation) epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) treatment on top-corrected QT interval (top-QTc) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of NSCLC patients undergoing sequential EGFR-TKI treatment at Shanghai Chest Hospital between October 2016 and August 2021. The heart rate (HR), top-QT interval, and top-QTc of their ECGs were extracted from the institutional database and analyzed. Logistic regression was performed to identify predictors for top-QTc prolongation. Results Overall, 228 patients were enrolled. Compared with baseline (median, 368 ms, same below), both first-generation (376 ms vs. 368 ms, p < 0.001) and sequential third-generation EGFR-TKIs (376 ms vs. 368 ms, p = 0.002) prolonged top-QT interval to a similar extent (p = 0.635). Top-QTc (438 ms vs. 423 ms, p < 0.001) and HR (81 bpm vs.79 bpm, p = 0.008) increased after first-generation EGFR-TKI treatment. Further top-QTc prolongation (453 ms vs. 438 ms, p < 0.001) and HR increase (88 bpm vs. 81 bpm, p < 0.001) occurred after treatment advanced. Notably, as HR elevated during treatment, top-QT interval paradoxically increased rather than decreased, and the top-QTc increased rather than slightly fluctuated. Moreover, such phenomena were more significant after treatment advanced. After adjusting for confounding factors, pericardial effusion and lower serum potassium levels were independent predictors of additional QTc prolongation during sequential third-generation EGFR-TKI treatment. Conclusion First-generation EGFR-TKI could prolong top-QTc, and sequential third-generation EGFR-TKI induced further prolongation. Top-QT interval paradoxically increased and top-QTc significantly increased as HR elevated, which was more significant after sequential EGFR-TKI treatment. Pericardial effusion and lower serum potassium levels were independent predictors of additional QTc prolongation after sequential EGFR-TKI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Min Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Wang Y, Guo R, Piedras BI, Tang HY, Asara JM, Tempera I, Lieberman PM, Gewurz BE. The CTLH Ubiquitin Ligase Substrates ZMYND19 and MKLN1 Negatively Regulate mTORC1 at the Lysosomal Membrane. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-4259395. [PMID: 38746323 PMCID: PMC11092817 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4259395/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Most Epstein-Barr virus-associated gastric carcinoma (EBVaGC) harbor non-silent mutations that activate phosphoinositide 3 kinase (PI3K) to drive downstream metabolic signaling. To gain insights into PI3K/mTOR pathway dysregulation in this context, we performed a human genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 screen for hits that synergistically blocked EBVaGC proliferation together with the PI3K antagonist alpelisib. Multiple subunits of carboxy terminal to LisH (CTLH) E3 ligase, including the catalytic MAEA subunit, were among top screen hits. CTLH negatively regulates gluconeogenesis in yeast, but not in higher organisms. Instead, we identified that the CTLH substrates MKLN1 and ZMYND19, which highly accumulated upon MAEA knockout, associated with one another and with lysosomes to inhibit mTORC1. ZMYND19/MKLN1 bound Raptor and RagA/C, but rather than perturbing mTORC1 lysosomal recruitment, instead blocked a late stage of its activation, independently of the tuberous sclerosis complex. Thus, CTLH enables cells to rapidly tune mTORC1 activity at the lysosomal membrane via the ubiquitin/proteasome pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Wang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Rui Guo
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Brenda Iturbide Piedras
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | | | - John M Asara
- Division of Signal Transduction, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Benjamin E Gewurz
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Program in Virology, Harvard Medical School
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6
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Jacobs SA, Wang Y, Abraham J, Feng H, Montero AJ, Lipchik C, Finnigan M, Jankowitz RC, Salkeni MA, Maley SK, Puhalla SL, Piette F, Quinn K, Chang K, Nagy RJ, Allegra CJ, Vehec K, Wolmark N, Lucas PC, Srinivasan A, Pogue-Geile KL. NSABP FB-10: a phase Ib/II trial evaluating ado-trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1) with neratinib in women with metastatic HER2-positive breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res 2024; 26:69. [PMID: 38650031 PMCID: PMC11036567 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-024-01823-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously reported our phase Ib trial, testing the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of T-DM1 + neratinib in HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer patients. Patients with ERBB2 amplification in ctDNA had deeper and more durable responses. This study extends these observations with in-depth analysis of molecular markers and mechanisms of resistance in additional patients. METHODS Forty-nine HER2-positive patients (determined locally) who progressed on-treatment with trastuzumab + pertuzumab were enrolled in this phase Ib/II study. Mutations and HER2 amplifications were assessed in ctDNA before (C1D1) and on-treatment (C2D1) with the Guardant360 assay. Archived tissue (TP0) and study entry biopsies (TP1) were assayed for whole transcriptome, HER2 copy number, and mutations, with Ampli-Seq, and centrally for HER2 with CLIA assays. Patient responses were assessed with RECIST v1.1, and Molecular Response with the Guardant360 Response algorithm. RESULTS The ORR in phase II was 7/22 (32%), which included all patients who had at least one dose of study therapy. In phase I, the ORR was 12/19 (63%), which included only patients who were considered evaluable, having received their first scan at 6 weeks. Central confirmation of HER2-positivity was found in 83% (30/36) of the TP0 samples. HER2-amplified ctDNA was found at C1D1 in 48% (20/42) of samples. Patients with ctHER2-amp versus non-amplified HER2 ctDNA determined in C1D1 ctDNA had a longer median progression-free survival (PFS): 480 days versus 60 days (P = 0.015). Molecular Response scores were significantly associated with both PFS (HR 0.28, 0.09-0.90, P = 0.033) and best response (P = 0.037). All five of the patients with ctHER2-amp at C1D1 who had undetectable ctDNA after study therapy had an objective response. Patients whose ctHER2-amp decreased on-treatment had better outcomes than patients whose ctHER2-amp remained unchanged. HER2 RNA levels show a correlation to HER2 CLIA IHC status and were significantly higher in patients with clinically documented responses compared to patients with progressive disease (P = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS The following biomarkers were associated with better outcomes for patients treated with T-DM1 + neratinib: (1) ctHER2-amp (C1D1) or in TP1; (2) Molecular Response scores; (3) loss of detectable ctDNA; (4) RNA levels of HER2; and (5) on-treatment loss of detectable ctHER2-amp. HER2 transcriptional and IHC/FISH status identify HER2-low cases (IHC 1+ or IHC 2+ and FISH negative) in these heavily anti-HER2 treated patients. Due to the small number of patients and samples in this study, the associations we have shown are for hypothesis generation only and remain to be validated in future studies. Clinical Trials registration NCT02236000.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ying Wang
- NSABP Foundation, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jame Abraham
- NSABP Foundation, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Cleveland Clinic, Weston/Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | - Alberto J Montero
- NSABP Foundation, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Cleveland Clinic, Weston/Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
- University Hospitals/Seidman Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | | | - Rachel C Jankowitz
- NSABP Foundation, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, State College, PA, USA
| | - Mohamad A Salkeni
- NSABP Foundation, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- National Institutes of Health, Washington, DC, USA
- Virginia Cancer Specialists, Fairfax, VA, USA
| | | | - Shannon L Puhalla
- NSABP Foundation, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Fanny Piette
- International Drug Development Institute, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | | | | | | | - Carmen J Allegra
- NSABP Foundation, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- University of Florida Health, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | | | - Norman Wolmark
- NSABP Foundation, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Peter C Lucas
- NSABP Foundation, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Ashok Srinivasan
- NSABP Foundation, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Autism Impact Fund, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Montoro-Jiménez I, Granda-Díaz R, Menéndez ST, Prieto-Fernández L, Otero-Rosales M, Álvarez-González M, García-de-la-Fuente V, Rodríguez A, Rodrigo JP, Álvarez-Teijeiro S, García-Pedrero JM, Hermida-Prado F. Combined PIK3CA and SOX2 Gene Amplification Predicts Laryngeal Cancer Risk beyond Histopathological Grading. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2695. [PMID: 38473941 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The PIK3CA and SOX2 genes map at 3q26, a chromosomal region frequently amplified in head and neck cancers, which is associated with poor prognosis. This study explores the clinical significance of PIK3CA and SOX2 gene amplification in early tumorigenesis. Gene copy number was analyzed by real-time PCR in 62 laryngeal precancerous lesions and correlated with histopathological grading and laryngeal cancer risk. Amplification of the SOX2 and PIK3CA genes was frequently detected in 19 (31%) and 32 (52%) laryngeal dysplasias, respectively, and co-amplification in 18 (29%) cases. The PIK3CA and SOX2 amplifications were predominant in high-grade dysplasias and significantly associated with laryngeal cancer risk beyond histological criteria. Multivariable Cox analysis further revealed PIK3CA gene amplification as an independent predictor of laryngeal cancer development. Interestingly, combined PIK3CA and SOX2 amplification allowed us to distinguish three cancer risk subgroups, and PIK3CA and SOX2 co-amplification was found the strongest predictor by ROC analysis. Our data demonstrate the clinical relevance of PIK3CA and SOX2 amplification in early laryngeal tumorigenesis. Remarkably, PIK3CA amplification was found to be an independent cancer predictor. Furthermore, combined PIK3CA and SOX2 amplification is emerging as a valuable and easy-to-implement tool for cancer risk assessment in patients with laryngeal precancerous lesions beyond current WHO histological grading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Montoro-Jiménez
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rocío Granda-Díaz
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sofía T Menéndez
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Llara Prieto-Fernández
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Otero-Rosales
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Álvarez-González
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Vanessa García-de-la-Fuente
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Aida Rodríguez
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Juan P Rodrigo
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Saúl Álvarez-Teijeiro
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juana M García-Pedrero
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Hermida-Prado
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Martínez-Nava GA, Urbina-Jara LK, Lira-Albarrán S, Gómez HL, Ruiz-García E, Nieto-Coronel MT, Ortiz-Lopez R, Martínez Villalba KN, Muñoz-Sánchez M, Aguilar D, Gómez-Flores-Ramos L, Cabrera-Nieto SA, Mohar A, Cruz-Ramos M. Somatic Mutations in Latin American Breast Cancer Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:287. [PMID: 38337803 PMCID: PMC10855727 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14030287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Somatic mutations may be connected to the exposome, potentially playing a role in breast cancer's development and clinical outcomes. There needs to be information regarding Latin American women specifically, as they are underrepresented in clinical trials and have limited access to somatic analysis in their countries. This study aims to systematically investigate somatic mutations in breast cancer patients from Latin America to gain a better understanding of tumor biology in the region. (2) Methods: We realize a systematic review of studies on breast cancer in 21 Latin American countries using various databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, RedAlyc, Dianlet, and Biblioteca Virtual en Salud. Of 392 articles that fit the criteria, 10 studies have clinical data which can be used to create a database containing clinical and genetic information. We compared mutation frequencies across different breast cancer subtypes using statistical analyses and meta-analyses of proportions. Furthermore, we identified overexpressed biological processes and canonical pathways through functional enrichment analysis. (3) Results: 342 mutations were found in six Latin American countries, with the TP53 and PIK3CA genes being the most studied mutations. The most common PIK3CA mutation was H1047R. Functional analysis provided insights into tumor biology and potential therapies. (4) Conclusion: evaluating specific somatic mutations in the Latin American population is crucial for understanding tumor biology and determining appropriate treatment options. Combining targeted therapies may improve clinical outcomes in breast cancer. Moreover, implementing healthy lifestyle strategies in Latin America could enhance therapy effectiveness and clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela A. Martínez-Nava
- Laboratorio de Gerociencias, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, Calz. México-Xochimilco 289, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14389, Mexico;
| | - Laura Keren Urbina-Jara
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Monterrey 64710, Mexico; (L.K.U.-J.); (R.O.-L.)
| | - Saúl Lira-Albarrán
- Departamento de Gestión Académica e Investigación, Hospital Escuela, Tegucigalpa 11101, Honduras;
| | - Henry L. Gómez
- Departmento de Medicina Oncológica, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas, Av. Angamos Este 2520, Lima 15023, Peru;
| | - Erika Ruiz-García
- Laboratorio de Medicina Traslacional, Instituto Nacional de Cancerologia, Mexico City 14080, Mexico;
| | - María Tereza Nieto-Coronel
- Departamento de Medicina Oncológica, Centro Oncopalia, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, La Paz P.O. Box 8635, Bolivia;
| | - Rocio Ortiz-Lopez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Monterrey 64710, Mexico; (L.K.U.-J.); (R.O.-L.)
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Institute for Obesity Research, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
| | - Kenia Nadiezhda Martínez Villalba
- Unidad de Epidemiología e Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM-Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (K.N.M.V.); (A.M.)
| | - Mariana Muñoz-Sánchez
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Anáhuac México, Mexico City 52786, Mexico; (M.M.-S.); (S.A.C.-N.)
| | - Dione Aguilar
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Centro de Cáncer de Mama, Hospital Zambrano Hellion, San Pedro Garza García 66278, Mexico;
| | - Liliana Gómez-Flores-Ramos
- CONAHCYT/Center for Population Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Universidad No. 655, Cuernavaca 62100, Mexico;
| | - Sara Aileen Cabrera-Nieto
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Anáhuac México, Mexico City 52786, Mexico; (M.M.-S.); (S.A.C.-N.)
| | - Alejandro Mohar
- Unidad de Epidemiología e Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM-Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (K.N.M.V.); (A.M.)
| | - Marlid Cruz-Ramos
- Programa Joven y Fuerte/CONAHCYT, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Av. San Fernando 22, Belisario Domínguez Sección 16, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
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Tufail M, Hu JJ, Liang J, He CY, Wan WD, Huang YQ, Jiang CH, Wu H, Li N. Predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine in breast cancer: targeting the PI3K pathway. J Transl Med 2024; 22:15. [PMID: 38172946 PMCID: PMC10765967 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04841-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is a multifaceted disease characterized by distinct molecular subtypes and varying responses to treatment. In BC, the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway has emerged as a crucial contributor to the development, advancement, and resistance to treatment. This review article explores the implications of the PI3K pathway in predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine for BC. It emphasizes the identification of predictive biomarkers, such as PIK3CA mutations, and the utility of molecular profiling in guiding treatment decisions. The review also discusses the potential of targeting the PI3K pathway for preventive strategies and the customization of therapy based on tumor stage, molecular subtypes, and genetic alterations. Overcoming resistance to PI3K inhibitors and exploring combination therapies are addressed as important considerations. While this field holds promise in improving patient outcomes, further research and clinical trials are needed to validate these approaches and translate them into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Tufail
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Center of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jia-Ju Hu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Center of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jie Liang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Center of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Cai-Yun He
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Center of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wen-Dong Wan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Center of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yu-Qi Huang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Center of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Can-Hua Jiang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Center of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Institute of Oral Precancerous Lesions, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Research Center of Oral and Maxillofacial Tumor, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Center of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
- Institute of Oral Precancerous Lesions, Central South University, Changsha, China.
- Research Center of Oral and Maxillofacial Tumor, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
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10
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Stanland LJ, Ang HX, Hoj JP, Chu Y, Tan P, Wood KC, Luftig MA. CBF-Beta Mitigates PI3K-Alpha-Specific Inhibitor Killing through PIM1 in PIK3CA-Mutant Gastric Cancer. Mol Cancer Res 2023; 21:1148-1162. [PMID: 37493631 PMCID: PMC10811747 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-23-0034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
PIK3CA is the second most mutated gene in cancer leading to aberrant PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling and increased translation, proliferation, and survival. Some 4%-25% of gastric cancers display activating PIK3CA mutations, including 80% of Epstein-Barr virus-associated GCs. Small molecules, including pan-PI3K and dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitors, have shown moderate success clinically, due to broad on-target/off-tissue effects. Thus, isoform-specific and mutant selective inhibitors have been of significant interest. However, drug resistance is a problem and has affected success of new drugs. There has been a concerted effort to define mechanisms of resistance and identify potent combinations in many tumor types, though gastric cancer is comparatively understudied. In this study, we identified modulators of the response to the PI3Kα-specific inhibitor, BYL719, in PIK3CA-mutant GCs. We found that loss of NEDD9 or inhibition of BCL-XL conferred hypersensitivity to BYL719, through increased cell-cycle arrest and cell death, respectively. In addition, we discovered that loss of CBFB conferred resistance to BYL719. CBFB loss led to upregulation of the protein kinase PIM1, which can phosphorylate and activate several overlapping downstream substrates as AKT thereby maintaining pathway activity in the presence of PI3Kα inhibition. The addition of a pan-PIM inhibitor re-sensitized resistant cells to BYL719. Our data provide clear mechanistic insights into PI3Kα inhibitor response in PIK3CA-mutant gastric tumors and can inform future work as mutant-selective inhibitors are in development for diverse tumor types. IMPLICATIONS Loss of either NEDD9 or BCL-XL confers hypersensitivity to PI3K-alpha inhibition whereas loss of CBFB confers resistance through a CBFB/PIM1 signaling axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyla J. Stanland
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine; Durham, NC, USA
| | - Hazel X. Ang
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine; Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jacob P. Hoj
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine; Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Patrick Tan
- Duke-NUS Medical School Singapore; Singapore
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research; Singapore
| | - Kris C. Wood
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine; Durham, NC, USA
| | - Micah A. Luftig
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine; Durham, NC, USA
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11
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Smok-Kalwat J, Chmielewski G, Stando R, Sadowski J, Macek P, Kowalik A, Nowak-Ozimek E, Góźdź S. Next-Generation Sequencing-Based Analysis of Clinical and Pathological Features of PIK3CA-Mutated Breast Cancer. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:2887. [PMID: 37761256 PMCID: PMC10528120 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13182887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha (PIK3CA) is a well-known oncogene with a high prevalence of mutation in breast cancer patients. The effect of the mutation is a deregulation in phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-related pathways, and, consequently, in unrestricted cell growth and differentiation. With the advent of precision oncology, PIK3CA has emerged as a pivotal treatment target, culminating in the recent approval of alpelisib. Despite years of research on this genetic alteration, certain aspects of its influence on the prognosis of breast cancer remain ambiguous. The purpose of this analysis is to characterize the clinical picture of breast cancer patients with PIK3CA mutation in comparison to the PIK3CA-wild-type group. We examined 103 tumor samples from 100 breast cancer patients using a next-generation sequencing panel. Presence of the mutation was linked to an older age at diagnosis, a lower expression of Ki67 protein, a greater percentage of tumors expressing progesterone receptors, and a notably higher incidence of metastatic disease at presentation. No significant differences were identified in overall and progression-free survival between the two groups. Our findings enhance the understanding of how PIK3CA mutations shape the clinical and prognostic landscape for breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolanta Smok-Kalwat
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Holycross Cancer Center, 25-734 Kielce, Poland; (J.S.-K.); (S.G.)
| | - Grzegorz Chmielewski
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Holycross Cancer Center, 25-734 Kielce, Poland; (R.S.); (J.S.)
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University, 25-516 Kielce, Poland
| | - Rafał Stando
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Holycross Cancer Center, 25-734 Kielce, Poland; (R.S.); (J.S.)
| | - Jacek Sadowski
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Holycross Cancer Center, 25-734 Kielce, Poland; (R.S.); (J.S.)
| | - Paweł Macek
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Health Sciences, Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University, 25-516 Kielce, Poland;
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, Holycross Cancer Centre, 25-734 Kielce, Poland
| | - Artur Kowalik
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics, Holycross Cancer Centre, 25-734 Kielce, Poland; (A.K.); (E.N.-O.)
- Division of Medical Biology, Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University, 25-406 Kielce, Poland
| | - Ewelina Nowak-Ozimek
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics, Holycross Cancer Centre, 25-734 Kielce, Poland; (A.K.); (E.N.-O.)
| | - Stanisław Góźdź
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Holycross Cancer Center, 25-734 Kielce, Poland; (J.S.-K.); (S.G.)
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Health Sciences, Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University, 25-516 Kielce, Poland;
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12
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Cheng X, Sun Y, Highkin M, Vemalapally N, Jin X, Zhou B, Prior JL, Tipton AR, Li S, Iliuk A, Achilefu S, Hagemann IS, Edwards JR, Bose R. Breast Cancer Mutations HER2V777L and PIK3CAH1047R Activate the p21-CDK4/6-Cyclin D1 Axis to Drive Tumorigenesis and Drug Resistance. Cancer Res 2023; 83:2839-2857. [PMID: 37272756 PMCID: PMC10527017 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-22-3558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In metastatic breast cancer, HER2-activating mutations frequently co-occur with mutations in PIK3CA, TP53, or CDH1. Of these co-occurring mutations, HER2 and PIK3CA are the most commonly comutated gene pair, with approximately 40% of HER2-mutated breast cancers also having activating mutations in PIK3CA. To study the effects of co-occurring HER2 and PIK3CA mutations, we generated genetically engineered mice with the HER2V777L; PIK3CAH1047R transgenes (HP mice) and studied the resulting breast cancers both in vivo as well as ex vivo using cancer organoids. HP breast cancers showed accelerated tumor formation in vivo and increased invasion and migration in in vitro assays. HP breast cancer cells were resistant to the pan-HER tyrosine kinase inhibitor, neratinib, but were effectively treated with neratinib plus the HER2-targeted antibody-drug conjugate trastuzumab deruxtecan. Proteomic and RNA-seq analysis of HP breast cancers identified increased gene expression of cyclin D1 and p21WAF1/Cip1 and changes in cell-cycle markers. Combining neratinib with CDK4/6 inhibitors was another effective strategy for treating HP breast cancers, with neratinib plus palbociclib showing a statistically significant reduction in development of mouse HP tumors as compared to either drug alone. The efficacy of both the neratinib plus trastuzumab deruxtecan and neratinib plus palbociclib combinations was validated using a human breast cancer patient-derived xenograft with very similar HER2 and PIK3CA mutations to the HP mice. Further, these two drug combinations effectively treated spontaneous lung metastasis in syngeneic mice transplanted with HP breast cancer organoids. This study provides valuable preclinical data to support the ongoing phase 1 clinical trials of these drug combinations in breast cancer. SIGNIFICANCE In HER2-mutated breast cancer, PIK3CA mutation activates p21-CDK4/6-cyclin D1 signaling to drive resistance to HER2-targeted therapies, which can be overcome using CDK4/6 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Cheng
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Yirui Sun
- Center for Pharmacogenomics, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Maureen Highkin
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Nagalaxmi Vemalapally
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Xiaohua Jin
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Brandon Zhou
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Julie L. Prior
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Ashley R. Tipton
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Shunqiang Li
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Anton Iliuk
- Tymora Analytical Operations, 1201 Cumberland Ave. West Lafayette, IN 47906
| | - Samuel Achilefu
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Ian S. Hagemann
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
- Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - John R. Edwards
- Center for Pharmacogenomics, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
- Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Ron Bose
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
- Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
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13
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Rosin J, Svegrup E, Valachis A, Zerdes I. Discordance of PIK3CA mutational status between primary and metastatic breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2023:10.1007/s10549-023-07010-1. [PMID: 37392328 PMCID: PMC10361863 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-023-07010-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In light of the clinically meaningful results of the PI3K inhibitors in PIK3CA-mutated metastatic breast cancer (BC) patients, the reliable identification of PIK3CA mutations is of outmost importance. However, lack of evidence on the optimal site and timing of assessment, presence of temporal heterogeneity and analytical factors pose several challenges in clinical routine. We aimed to study the discordance rates of PIK3CA mutational status between primary and matched metastatic tumors. METHODS A systematic literature search was performed in three different databases (Embase, Pubmed, Web of Science) and-upon screening-a total of 25 studies reporting PIK3CA mutational status both on primary breast tumors and their matched metastases were included in this meta-analysis. The random-effects model was used for pooled analyses of discordance of PIK3CA mutational status. RESULTS The overall discordance rate of PIK3CA mutational status was 9.8% (95% CI, 7.0-13.0; n = 1425) and did not significantly differ within BC subtypes or metastatic sites. The change was bi-directional, more commonly observed from PIK3CA mutated to wild-type status (14.9%, 95% CI 11.8-18.2; n tumor pairs = 453) rather than the opposite direction (8.9%, 95% CI 6.1-12.1; n tumor pairs = 943). CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate the need of obtaining metastatic biopsies for PIK3CA-mutation analysis and the possibility of testing of the primary tumor, in case a re-biopsy deemed non-feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justus Rosin
- School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Ella Svegrup
- School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Antonios Valachis
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Ioannis Zerdes
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Breast Center, Theme Cancer, Karolinska University Hospital & Karolinska Comprehensive Cancer Center, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Lee K, Lee J, Choi J, Sim SH, Kim JE, Kim MH, Park YH, Kim JH, Koh SJ, Park KH, Kang MJ, Ahn MS, Lee KE, Kim HJ, Ahn HK, Kim HJ, Park KU, Park IH. Genomic analysis of plasma circulating tumor DNA in patients with heavily pretreated HER2 + metastatic breast cancer. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9928. [PMID: 37336919 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35925-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
We explored accumulated genomic alterations in patients with heavily treated HER2 + metastatic breast cancer enrolled in the KCSG BR18-14/KM10B trial. Targeted sequencing was performed with circulating tumor DNAs (ctDNAs) collected before the treatment of 92 patients. ctDNAs collected at the time of disease progression from seven patients who had a durable response for > 12 months were also analyzed. Sixty-five genes were identified as pathogenic alterations in 99 samples. The most frequently altered genes were TP53 (n = 48), PIKCA (n = 21) and ERBB3 (n = 19). TP53 and PIK3CA mutations were significantly related with shorter progression free survival (PFS), and patients with a higher ctDNA fraction showed a worse PFS. The frequency of homologous recombination deficiency (HRD)-related gene mutations was higher than that in matched tumor tissues, and these mutations tended to be associated with shorter PFS. New pathogenic variants were found at the end of treatment in all seven patients, including BRCA2, VHL, RAD50, RB1, BRIP1, ATM, FANCA, and PIK3CA mutations. In conclusion, TP53 and PIK3CA mutations, as well as a higher ctDNA fraction, were associated with worse PFS with trastuzumab and cytotoxic chemotherapy. The enrichment of HRD-related gene mutations and newly detected variants in ctDNA may be related to resistance to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoungmin Lee
- Division of Oncology/Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jongwon Lee
- Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jungmin Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Sung Hoon Sim
- Center for Breast Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Jeong Eun Kim
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min Hwan Kim
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeon Hee Park
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jee Hyun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Su-Jin Koh
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Ulsan University Hospital, Ulsan University College of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Kyong Hwa Park
- Division of Oncology/Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Myoung Joo Kang
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Mi Sun Ahn
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Kyoung Eun Lee
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Ewha Womans University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee-Jun Kim
- Division of Hematology/Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee Kyung Ahn
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Korea
| | - Han Jo Kim
- Division of Oncology and Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Keon Uk Park
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keimyung University Dongsan Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - In Hae Park
- Division of Oncology/Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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15
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Czegle I, Huang C, Soria PG, Purkiss DW, Shields A, Wappler-Guzzetta EA. The Role of Genetic Mutations in Mitochondrial-Driven Cancer Growth in Selected Tumors: Breast and Gynecological Malignancies. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13040996. [PMID: 37109525 PMCID: PMC10145875 DOI: 10.3390/life13040996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
There is an increasing understanding of the molecular and cytogenetic background of various tumors that helps us better conceptualize the pathogenesis of specific diseases. Additionally, in many cases, these molecular and cytogenetic alterations have diagnostic, prognostic, and/or therapeutic applications that are heavily used in clinical practice. Given that there is always room for improvement in cancer treatments and in cancer patient management, it is important to discover new therapeutic targets for affected individuals. In this review, we discuss mitochondrial changes in breast and gynecological (endometrial and ovarian) cancers. In addition, we review how the frequently altered genes in these diseases (BRCA1/2, HER2, PTEN, PIK3CA, CTNNB1, RAS, CTNNB1, FGFR, TP53, ARID1A, and TERT) affect the mitochondria, highlighting the possible associated individual therapeutic targets. With this approach, drugs targeting mitochondrial glucose or fatty acid metabolism, reactive oxygen species production, mitochondrial biogenesis, mtDNA transcription, mitophagy, or cell death pathways could provide further tailored treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibolya Czegle
- Department of Internal Medicine and Haematology, Semmelweis University, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Chelsea Huang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Loma Linda University Health, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - Priscilla Geraldine Soria
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Loma Linda University Health, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - Dylan Wesley Purkiss
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Loma Linda University Health, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - Andrea Shields
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Loma Linda University Health, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
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16
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Rugo HS, Raskina K, Schrock AB, Madison RW, Graf RP, Sokol ES, Sivakumar S, Lee JK, Fisher V, Oxnard GR, Tukachinsky H. Biology and Targetability of the Extended Spectrum of PIK3CA Mutations Detected in Breast Carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res 2023; 29:1056-1067. [PMID: 36321996 PMCID: PMC10011882 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-22-2115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Alpelisib is a PI3K alpha (PI3Kα)-selective inhibitor approved for the treatment of hormone receptor-positive/HER2-negative (HR+/HER2-) PIK3CA-mutated advanced breast cancer (ABC) based on the SOLAR-1 trial, which defined 11 substitutions in exons 7, 9, and 20 in PIK3CA (SOLAR1m). We report alpelisib effectiveness for ABC harboring SOLAR1m, as well as other pathogenic PIK3CA mutations (OTHERm) using comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP). EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN A total of 33,977 tissue and 1,587 liquid biopsies were analyzed using hybrid capture-based CGP covering the entire coding sequence of PIK3CA. Clinical characteristics and treatment history were available for 10,750 patients with ABC in the deidentified Flatiron Health-Foundation Medicine clinico-genomic database (FH-FMI CGDB). RESULTS PIK3CAm were detected in 11,767/33,977 (35%) of tissue biopsies, including 2,300 (7%) samples with OTHERm and no SOLAR1m. Liquid biopsy had 77% sensitivity detecting PIK3CAm, increasing to 95% with circulating tumor DNA fraction ≥2%. In patients with HR+/HER2- ABC and PIK3CAm receiving alpelisib/fulvestrant (ALP+FUL; n = 182) or fulvestrant alone (FUL; n = 119), median real-world progression-free survival (rwPFS) was 5.9 months on ALP+FUL [95% confidence interval (CI): 5.1-7.4] versus 3.1 months on FUL (95% CI: 2.7-3.7; P < 0.0001). In patients with OTHERm, median rwPFS was 4.0 months on ALP+FUL (95% CI: 2.8-10.1) versus 2.5 months on FUL (95% CI: 2.2-3.7; P = 0.0054). CONCLUSIONS CGP detects diverse PIK3CAm in a greater number of patients with ABC than PCR hotspot testing; 20% of patients with PIK3CAm do not have SOLAR1m. These patients may derive benefit from alpelisib. See related commentary by Tau and Miller, p. 989.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hope S. Rugo
- University of California, San Francisco Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, California
| | - Kira Raskina
- Foundation Medicine Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | | | - Ryon P. Graf
- Foundation Medicine Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts
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Mandó P, Waisberg F, Pasquinelli R, Rivero S, Ostinelli A, Perazzo F. HER2-Directed Therapy in Advanced Breast Cancer: Benefits and Risks. Onco Targets Ther 2023; 16:115-132. [PMID: 36844609 PMCID: PMC9948634 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s335934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Around 20% of breast cancers are associated with amplification or overexpression of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). In this setting, anti-HER2-targeted agents are the cornerstone of cancer therapeutic strategies. This includes monoclonal antibodies, tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and, recently, antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs). With the advent of these new alternatives, the decision-making process has become more complex, especially with regard to the treatment sequence possibilities. In spite of the fact that overall survival has significantly improved accordingly, resistance to treatment remains a challenge in HER2-positive breast cancer. The introduction of new agents has created awareness regarding new potential specific adverse events, and consequently, their increasing application pose major challenges in daily patient care. This review describes the therapeutic landscape for HER2-positive advanced breast cancer (ABC) and evaluates its benefits and risks in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Mandó
- Clinical Oncology Department, Centro de Educación Médica e Investigaciones Clínicas “Norberto Quirno” (CEMIC), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina,Correspondence: Pablo Mandó, Centro de Educación Médica e Investigaciones Clínicas “Norberto Quirno” (CEMIC), Galvan 4102, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, 1431, Argentina, Tel +54 11 61204997, Email
| | - Federico Waisberg
- Clinical Oncology Department, Instituto Alexander Fleming, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rosario Pasquinelli
- Clinical Oncology Department, Centro de Educación Médica e Investigaciones Clínicas “Norberto Quirno” (CEMIC), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sergio Rivero
- Clinical Oncology Department, Instituto Alexander Fleming, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alexis Ostinelli
- Clinical Oncology Department, Instituto Alexander Fleming, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Florencia Perazzo
- Clinical Oncology Department, Centro de Educación Médica e Investigaciones Clínicas “Norberto Quirno” (CEMIC), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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18
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Ma W, Han X, Shasaltaneh MD, Hosseinifard H, Maghsoudloo M, Zhang Y, Weng Q, Wang Q, Wen Q, Imani S. The p110α/ΔNp63α complex mutations in triple-negative breast cancer: Potential targets for transcriptional-based therapies. Tumour Biol 2023; 45:127-146. [PMID: 37980588 DOI: 10.3233/tub-230013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hotspot mutations occurring in the p110α domain of the PIK3CA gene, specifically p110αH1047R/L increase tumor metastasis and cell motility in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). These mutations also affect the transcriptional regulation of ΔNp63α, a significant isoform of the p53 protein involved in cancer progression. This study attempts to investigate the transcriptional impact of p110αH1047R/L mutations on the PIK3CA/ΔNp63α complex in TNBC carcinogenesis. METHODS We performed site-directed mutagenesis to introduce p110αH1047R/L mutations and evaluated their oncogenic effects on the growth, invasion, migration, and apoptosis of three different TNBC cell lines in vitro. We investigated the impact of these mutations on the p110α/ΔNp63α complex and downstream transcriptional signaling pathways at the gene and protein levels. Additionally, we used bioinformatics techniques such as molecular dynamics simulations and protein-protein docking to gain insight into the stability and structural changes induced by the p110αH1047R/L mutations in the p110α/ΔNp63α complex and downstream signaling pathway. RESULTS The presence of PIK3CA oncogenic hotspot mutations in the p110α/ΔNp63α complex led to increased scattering of TNBC cells during growth, migration, and invasion. Our in vitro mutagenesis assay showed that the p110αH1047R/L mutations activated the PI3K-Akt-mTOR and tyrosine kinase receptor pathways, resulting in increased cell proliferation, invasion, and apoptosis in TNBC cells. These mutations decreased the repressing effect of ΔNp63α on the p110α kinase domain, leading to the enhancement of downstream signaling pathways of PI3K and tyrosine kinase receptors and oncogenic transformation in TNBC. Additionally, our findings suggest that the physical interaction between the DNA binding domain of ΔNp63α and the kinase domain of p110α may be partially impaired, potentially leading to alterations in the conformation of the p110α/ΔNp63α complex. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that targeting the p110αH1047R/L mutations in TNBC could be a promising strategy for developing transcriptional-based therapies. Restoring the interaction between ΔNp63α and the p110α kinase domain, which is disrupted by these mutations, may provide a new approach to treating TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqiong Ma
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Xingping Han
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | | | - Hossein Hosseinifard
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mazaher Maghsoudloo
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetics and Oncology, the Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuqin Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiao Weng
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Qingjing Wang
- Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - QingLian Wen
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Saber Imani
- Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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19
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Krajnak S, Trier JP, Heinzmann PF, Anic K, Heimes AS, Loewe A, Schmidt M, Battista MJ, Hasenburg A, Brenner W. Anti-tumor effects of low-dose metronomic vinorelbine in combination with alpelisib in breast cancer cells. EXCLI JOURNAL 2023; 22:114-130. [PMID: 36998707 PMCID: PMC10043427 DOI: 10.17179/excli2022-5064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
In metastatic breast cancer (MBC), PIK3CA mutations, activating the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling pathway seem to be associated with chemotherapy resistance and poor outcome. Inhibition of the PI3K signaling pathway may lead to sensitization and prevention of the development of resistance to cytotoxic drugs. The present study aimed to investigate the anti-tumor activity of low-dose vinorelbine (VRL) combined with alpelisib, an α-selective PI3K inhibitor and degrader, in breast cancer (BC) cells. Human BC cell lines MCF-7, T-47D [both hormone receptor (HR)-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative, PIK3CA-mutated], MDA-MB-231 and BT-549 (both triple-negative, wild-type PIK3CA) were exposed to a combination of low-dose VRL and alpelisib for 3 and 7 days. Cell viability was detected by the Alamar blue assay, and cell proliferation was determined by the BrdU incorporation. The effect of the substances on the p110α protein expression that is encoded by PIK3CA gene was investigated by Western blot. Low-dose VRL plus alpelisib showed synergistic anti-tumor effects and significantly inhibited cell viability and proliferation of MCF-7 and T-47D cells. Even lower alpelisib concentrations (10 ng/ml and 100 ng/ml) combined with low-dose metronomic VRL led to a significant reduction of cell viability of PIK3CA-mutated cells, and the anti-tumor activity was comparable with the effects at 1000 ng/ml alpelisib. Cell viability and proliferation of MDA-MB-231 and BT-549 cells were inhibited by VRL but not by alpelisib alone. This indicates that alpelisib did not significantly affect the cell growth of triple-negative, PIK3CA wild-type BC cells. The p110α expression was downregulated or not affected in PIK3CA-mutated cell lines, and not significantly upregulated in PIK3CA wild-type cell lines. In conclusion, combination of low-dose metronomic VRL and alpelisib showed synergistic anti-tumor effects and significantly inhibited the growth of HR-positive, HER2-negative, PIK3CA-mutated BC cells, providing a rationale for further efforts to evaluate this combination in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Slavomir Krajnak
- Clinic for Obstetrics and Women's Health, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- *To whom correspondence should be addressed: Walburgis Brenner,
| | - Jannis Patrik Trier
- Clinic for Obstetrics and Women's Health, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- *To whom correspondence should be addressed: Walburgis Brenner,
| | - Pauline Friederike Heinzmann
- Clinic for Obstetrics and Women's Health, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- *To whom correspondence should be addressed: Walburgis Brenner,
| | - Katharina Anic
- Clinic for Obstetrics and Women's Health, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- *To whom correspondence should be addressed: Walburgis Brenner,
| | - Anne-Sophie Heimes
- Clinic for Obstetrics and Women's Health, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- *To whom correspondence should be addressed: Walburgis Brenner,
| | - Amelie Loewe
- Clinic for Obstetrics and Women's Health, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- *To whom correspondence should be addressed: Walburgis Brenner,
| | - Marcus Schmidt
- Clinic for Obstetrics and Women's Health, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- *To whom correspondence should be addressed: Walburgis Brenner,
| | - Marco Johannes Battista
- Clinic for Obstetrics and Women's Health, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- *To whom correspondence should be addressed: Walburgis Brenner,
| | - Annette Hasenburg
- Clinic for Obstetrics and Women's Health, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- *To whom correspondence should be addressed: Walburgis Brenner,
| | - Walburgis Brenner
- Clinic for Obstetrics and Women's Health, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- *To whom correspondence should be addressed: Walburgis Brenner,
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20
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Furrer D, Dragic D, Chang SL, Fournier F, Droit A, Jacob S, Diorio C. Association between genome-wide epigenetic and genetic alterations in breast cancer tissue and response to HER2-targeted therapies in HER2-positive breast cancer patients: new findings and a systematic review. CANCER DRUG RESISTANCE (ALHAMBRA, CALIF.) 2022; 5:995-1015. [PMID: 36627894 PMCID: PMC9771759 DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2022.63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that genetic and epigenetic mechanisms might be associated with acquired resistance to cancer therapies. The aim of this study was to assess the association of genome-wide genetic and epigenetic alterations with the response to anti-HER2 agents in HER2-positive breast cancer patients. PubMed was screened for articles published until March 2021 on observational studies investigating the association of genome-wide genetic and epigenetic alterations, measured in breast cancer tissues or blood, with the response to targeted treatment in HER2-positive breast cancer patients. Sixteen studies were included in the review along with ours, in which we compared the genome-wide DNA methylation pattern in breast tumor tissues of patients who acquired resistance to treatment (case group, n = 6) to that of patients who did not develop resistance (control group, n = 6). Among genes identified as differentially methylated between the breast cancer tissue of cases and controls, one of them, PRKACA, was also reported as differentially expressed in two studies included in the review. Although included studies were heterogeneous in terms of methodology and study population, our review suggests that genes of the PI3K pathway may play an important role in developing resistance to anti-HER2 agents in breast cancer patients. Genome-wide genetic and epigenetic alterations measured in breast cancer tissue or blood might be promising markers of resistance to anti-HER2 agents in HER2-positive breast cancer patients. Further studies are needed to confirm these data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Furrer
- Centre de Recherche sur le cancer de l’Université Laval, 1050 Avenue de la Médecine, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.,Axe Oncologie, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC G1S 4L8, Canada. ,Département de médecine sociale et préventive, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Dzevka Dragic
- Centre de Recherche sur le cancer de l’Université Laval, 1050 Avenue de la Médecine, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.,Axe Oncologie, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC G1S 4L8, Canada. ,Département de médecine sociale et préventive, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.,Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, CESP U1018, Exposome and Heredity Team, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif 94807, France
| | - Sue-Ling Chang
- Centre de Recherche sur le cancer de l’Université Laval, 1050 Avenue de la Médecine, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.,Axe Oncologie, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC G1S 4L8, Canada
| | - Frédéric Fournier
- Centre de Recherche sur le cancer de l’Université Laval, 1050 Avenue de la Médecine, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.,Axe Oncologie, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC G1S 4L8, Canada. ,Département de médecine moléculaire, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Arnaud Droit
- Centre de Recherche sur le cancer de l’Université Laval, 1050 Avenue de la Médecine, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.,Axe Oncologie, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC G1S 4L8, Canada. ,Département de médecine moléculaire, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Simon Jacob
- Centre de Recherche sur le cancer de l’Université Laval, 1050 Avenue de la Médecine, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.,Axe Oncologie, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC G1S 4L8, Canada. ,Département de biologie moléculaire, de biochimie médicale et de pathologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.,Centre des Maladies du Sein, Hôpital du Saint-Sacrement, Québec, QC G1S 4L8, Canada
| | - Caroline Diorio
- Centre de Recherche sur le cancer de l’Université Laval, 1050 Avenue de la Médecine, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.,Axe Oncologie, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC G1S 4L8, Canada. ,Département de médecine sociale et préventive, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.,Centre des Maladies du Sein, Hôpital du Saint-Sacrement, Québec, QC G1S 4L8, Canada.,Correspondence to: Prof. Caroline Diorio, Axe Oncologie, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, 1050 chemin Ste-Foy, Québec, QC G1S 4L8, Canada. E-mail:
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21
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PIK3CAMutations in Breast Cancer Subtypes Other Than HR-Positive/HER2-Negative. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12111793. [PMID: 36579519 PMCID: PMC9694420 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12111793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway plays a key role in cancer, influencing growth, proliferation, and survival of tumor cells. PIK3CA mutations are generally oncogenic and responsible for uncontrolled cellular growth. PI3K inhibitors (PI3Ki) can inhibit the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, although burdened by not easily manageable toxicity. Among PI3Ki, alpelisib, a selective p110α inhibitor, is approved for the treatment of hormone receptor (HR)+/HER2- PIK3CA mutant metastatic breast cancer (BC) that has progressed to a first line endocrine therapy. PIK3CA mutations are also present in triple negative BC (TNBC) and HER2+ BC, although the role of PI3K inhibition is not well established in these subtypes. In this review, we go through the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, describing most common mutations found in PI3K genes and how they can be detected. We describe the available biological and clinical evidence of PIK3CA mutations in breast cancers other than HR+/HER2-, summarizing clinical trials investigating PI3Ki in these subtypes.
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22
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Verret B, Bottosso M, Hervais S, Pistilli B. The Molecular Predictive and Prognostic Biomarkers in Metastatic Breast Cancer: The Contribution of Molecular Profiling. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:4203. [PMID: 36077738 PMCID: PMC9454488 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14174203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The past decade was marked by several important studies deciphering the molecular landscape of metastatic breast cancer. Although the initial goal of these studies was to find driver oncogenic events to explain cancer progression and metastatic spreading, they have also permitted the identification of several molecular alterations associated with treatment response or resistance. Herein, we review validated (PI3KCA, ESR1, MSI, NTRK translocation) and emergent molecular biomarkers (ERBB2, AKT, PTEN, HRR gene, CD274 amplification RB1, NF1, mutational process) in metastatic breast cancer, on the bases of the largest molecular profiling studies. These biomarkers will be classed according the level of evidence and, if possible, the ESCAT (ESMO) classification. Finally, we will provide some perspective on development in clinical practice for the main biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Verret
- Medical Oncology Department, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, 94800 Villejuif, France
- INSERM Unit U981, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Michele Bottosso
- INSERM Unit U981, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, 94805 Villejuif, France
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, 35122 Padova, Italy
| | - Sofia Hervais
- INSERM Unit U981, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Barbara Pistilli
- Medical Oncology Department, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, 94800 Villejuif, France
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