1
|
Daniel EJP, Edmondson AC, Argon Y, Alsharhan H, Lam C, Freeze HH, He M. Deficient glycan extension and endoplasmic reticulum stresses in ALG3-CDG. J Inherit Metab Dis 2024; 47:766-777. [PMID: 38597022 PMCID: PMC11251843 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
ALG3-CDG is a rare congenital disorder of glycosylation (CDG) with a clinical phenotype that includes neurological manifestations, transaminitis, and frequent infections. The ALG3 enzyme catalyzes the first step of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) luminal glycan extension by adding mannose from Dol-P-Man to Dol-PP-Man5GlcNAc2 (Man5) forming Dol-PP-Man6. Such glycan extension is the first and fastest cellular response to ER stress, which is deficient in ALG3-CDG. In this study, we provide evidence that the unfolded protein response (UPR) and ER-associated degradation activities are increased in ALG3-CDG patient-derived cultured skin fibroblasts and there is constitutive activation of UPR mediated by the IRE1-α pathway. In addition, we show that N-linked Man3-4 glycans are increased in cellular glycoproteins and secreted plasma glycoproteins with hepatic or non-hepatic origin. We found that like other CDGs such as ALG1- or PMM2-CDG, in transferrin, the assembling intermediate Man5 in ALG3-CDG, are likely further processed into a distinct glycan, NeuAc1Gal1GlcNAc1Man3GlcNAc2, probably by Golgi mannosidases and glycosyltransferases. We predict it to be a mono-antennary glycan with the same molecular weight as the truncated glycan described in MGAT2-CDG. In summary, this study elucidates multiple previously unrecognized biochemical consequences of the glycan extension deficiency in ALG3-CDG which will have important implications in the pathogenesis of CDG.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Earnest J P Daniel
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Andrew C Edmondson
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yair Argon
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Hind Alsharhan
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Kuwait University, Jabriya, Kuwait
| | - Christina Lam
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Hudson H Freeze
- Human Genetics Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Miao He
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gouda AS, Elbaz AF, Dupré T, Ali OSM, Zaki MS, Fateen EM. N- and O-glycan analysis for the detection of glycosylation disorders. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s43042-020-00117-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDGs) are defined as a group of several rare autosomal recessive inborn errors of metabolism that affect the glycosylation of many proteins and/or lipids. Variable clinical presentation is very characteristic for all types of CDGs; symptoms include severe neurological manifestations that usually start in the neonatal period and cause aggressive irreversible neurological damage. These disorders are usually misdiagnosed as other non-inheritable disorders or remain undiagnosed for a long time, leading to severe neurological complications. The diagnosis of CDGs is quite tedious due to their diverse clinical presentation. In Egypt, there is still no available screening programme to detect CDGs in patients at a young age. Therefore, the need for a reliable rapid test that uses a small sample size has emerged.
This study included 50 suspected subjects and 50 healthy controls with matching age and sex. Western blotting and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry were used for the analysis of N- and O-glycans, respectively.
Results
The study detected 9 patients with hypoglycosylation (18%). Eight of the nine patients showed abnormal separation of N-glycoproteins using Western blotting indicative of reduced glycosylation (16% of the study subjects and 89% of the subjects with hypoglycosylation). Only one of the nine patients showed a decreased level of sialyl-T-antigen with a normal T-antigen level leading to an increased T/ST ratio (2% of study subjects and 11% of the subjects with hypoglycosylation).
Conclusion
Although N- and O-glycan analysis did not determine the underlying type of CDG, it successfully detected hypoglycosylation in 9 clinically suspected patients (18% of the studied subjects). All detected CDG cases were confirmed by molecular analysis results of mutations causing 4 different types of congenital disorders of glycosylation.
Collapse
|
3
|
Alsharhan H, Ng BG, Daniel EJP, Friedman J, Pivnick EK, Al-Hashem A, Faqeih EA, Liu P, Engelhardt NM, Keller KN, Chen J, Mazzeo PA, Rosenfeld JA, Bamshad MJ, Nickerson DA, Raymond KM, Freeze HH, He M, Edmondson AC, Lam C. Expanding the phenotype, genotype and biochemical knowledge of ALG3-CDG. J Inherit Metab Dis 2021; 44:987-1000. [PMID: 33583022 PMCID: PMC8282734 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDGs) are a continuously expanding group of monogenic disorders of glycoprotein and glycolipid biosynthesis that cause multisystem diseases. Individuals with ALG3-CDG frequently exhibit severe neurological involvement (epilepsy, microcephaly, and hypotonia), ocular anomalies, dysmorphic features, skeletal anomalies, and feeding difficulties. We present 10 unreported individuals diagnosed with ALG3-CDG based on molecular and biochemical testing with 11 novel variants in ALG3, bringing the total to 40 reported individuals. In addition to the typical multisystem disease seen in ALG3-CDG, we expand the symptomatology of ALG3-CDG to now include endocrine abnormalities, neural tube defects, mild aortic root dilatation, immunodeficiency, and renal anomalies. N-glycan analyses of these individuals showed combined deficiencies of hybrid glycans and glycan extension beyond Man5 GlcNAc2 consistent with their truncated lipid-linked precursor oligosaccharides. This spectrum of N-glycan changes is unique to ALG3-CDG. These expanded features of ALG3-CDG facilitate diagnosis and suggest that optimal management should include baseline endocrine, renal, cardiac, and immunological evaluation at the time of diagnosis and with ongoing monitoring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hind Alsharhan
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Human Genetics,
Section of Metabolism, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine,
Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait
University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Bobby G. Ng
- Human Genetics Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical
Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California
| | - Earnest James Paul Daniel
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine,
Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jennifer Friedman
- Division of Neurosciences and Pediatrics, University of
California San Diego and Rady Children’s Hospital, San Diego,
California
| | - Eniko K. Pivnick
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics,
University of Tennessee Health Science Center (UTHSC), Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Amal Al-Hashem
- Department of Pediatrics, Prince Sultan Military Medical
City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi
Arabia
| | - Eissa Ali Faqeih
- Section of Medical Genetics, Children’s Specialist
Hospital King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Pengfei Liu
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor
College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Baylor Genetics Laboratories, Houston, Texas
| | - Nicole M. Engelhardt
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Human Genetics,
Section of Metabolism, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania
| | - Kierstin N. Keller
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Human Genetics,
Section of Metabolism, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine,
Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Pamela A. Mazzeo
- Department of Pediatrics, The Children’s Hospital
of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Jill A. Rosenfeld
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor
College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Baylor Genetics Laboratories, Houston, Texas
| | - Michael J. Bamshad
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics,
University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington,
Seattle, Washington
- Brotman-Baty Institute, Seattle, Washington
| | - Deborah A. Nickerson
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington,
Seattle, Washington
- Brotman-Baty Institute, Seattle, Washington
| | - Kimiyo M. Raymond
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo
Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Hudson H. Freeze
- Human Genetics Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical
Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California
| | - Miao He
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine,
Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Andrew C. Edmondson
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Human Genetics,
Section of Metabolism, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania
| | - Christina Lam
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics,
University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
- Center of Integrated Brain Research, Seattle
Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
ALG3-CDG: a patient with novel variants and review of the genetic and ophthalmic findings. BMC Ophthalmol 2021; 21:249. [PMID: 34090370 PMCID: PMC8180164 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-021-02013-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background ALG3-CDG is a rare autosomal recessive disease. It is characterized by deficiency of alpha-1,3-mannosyltransferase caused by pathogenic variants in the ALG3 gene. Patients manifest with severe neurologic, cardiac, musculoskeletal and ophthalmic phenotype in combination with dysmorphic features, and almost half of them die before or during the neonatal period. Case presentation A 23 months-old girl presented with severe developmental delay, epilepsy, cortical atrophy, cerebellar vermis hypoplasia and ocular impairment. Facial dysmorphism, clubfeet and multiple joint contractures were observed already at birth. Transferrin isoelectric focusing revealed a type 1 pattern. Funduscopy showed hypopigmentation and optic disc pallor. Profound retinal ganglion cell loss and inner retinal layer thinning was documented on spectral-domain optical coherence tomography imaging. The presence of optic nerve hypoplasia was also supported by magnetic resonance imaging. A gene panel based next-generation sequencing and subsequent Sanger sequencing identified compound heterozygosity for two novel variants c.116del p.(Pro39Argfs*40) and c.1060 C > T p.(Arg354Cys) in ALG3. Conclusions Our study expands the spectrum of pathogenic variants identified in ALG3. Thirty-three variants in 43 subjects with ALG3-CDG have been reported. Literature review shows that visual impairment in ALG3-CDG is most commonly linked to optic nerve hypoplasia.
Collapse
|
5
|
PAKETCI C, EDEM P, HIZ S, SONMEZLER E, SOYDEMIR D, UZAN GS, OKTAY Y, O’HEIR E, BELTRAN S, LAURIE S, TÖPF A, LOCHMULLER H, HORVATH R, YIS U. Successful treatment of intractable epilepsy with ketogenic diet therapy in twins with ALG3-CDG. Brain Dev 2020; 42:539-545. [PMID: 32389449 PMCID: PMC7906126 DOI: 10.1016/j.braindev.2020.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) is a heterogeneous group of congenital metabolic diseases with multisystem clinical involvement. ALG3-CDG is a very rare subtype with only 24 cases reported so far. CASE Here, we report two siblings with dysmorphic features, growth retardation, microcephaly, intractable epilepsy, and hemangioma in the frontal, occipital and lumbosacral regions. RESULTS We studied two siblings by whole exome sequencing. A pathogenic variant in ALG3 (NM_005787.6: c.165C > T; p.Gly55=) that had been previously associated with congenital glycolysis defect type 1d was identified. Their intractable seizures were controlled by ketogenic diet. CONCLUSION Although prominent findings of growth retardation and microcephaly seen in our patients have been extensively reported before, presence of hemangioma is a novel finding that may be used as an indication for ALG3-CDG diagnosis. Our patients are the first reported cases whose intractable seizures were controlled with ketogenic diet. This report adds ketogenic diet as an option for treatment of intractable epilepsy in ALG3-CDG.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C PAKETCI
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, School of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - P EDEM
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, School of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - S HIZ
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, School of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey.,Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Dokuz Eylul University Health Campus, Izmir, Turkey
| | - E SONMEZLER
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Dokuz Eylul University Health Campus, Izmir, Turkey.,Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - D SOYDEMIR
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, School of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - GS UZAN
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, School of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Y OKTAY
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Dokuz Eylul University Health Campus, Izmir, Turkey.,Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - E O’HEIR
- Center for Mendelian Genomics and Medical and Population Genetics Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - S BELTRAN
- CNAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - S LAURIE
- CNAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A TÖPF
- John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Institute of Translational and Clinical Research, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - H LOCHMULLER
- Department of Neuropediatrics and Muscle Disorders, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany,Centro Nacional de Análisis Genómico (CNAG-CRG), Center for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain,Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute; Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital; and Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - R HORVATH
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - U YIS
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, School of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
ALG3-CDG: lethal phenotype and novel variants in Chinese siblings. J Hum Genet 2020; 65:1129-1134. [PMID: 32655146 DOI: 10.1038/s10038-020-0798-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) are a group of genetic, mostly multisystem disorders, which often involve the central nervous system. ALG3-CDG is one the some 130 known CDG. Here we report two siblings with a severe phenotype and intrauterine death. Whole-exome sequencing revealed two novel variants in ALG3: NM_005787.6:c.512G>T (p.Arg171Leu) inherited from the mother and NM_005787.6:c.511C>T (p.Arg171Trp) inherited from the father.
Collapse
|
7
|
Esfandiari H, Mets MB, Kim KH, Kurup SP. Ocular abnormalities in a patient with congenital disorder of glycosylation type Ig. Ophthalmic Genet 2019; 40:549-552. [PMID: 31743061 DOI: 10.1080/13816810.2019.1692361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Background: Congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) are a group of hereditary multisystem disorders characterized by hypoglycosylation of glycoproteins. CDG type I results in a defect in the assembly of lipid-linkedoligosaccharides or their transfer onto nascent glycoproteins. Ocular abnormalities are common in CDG, but there is no report of detailed ophthalmologic evaluation in patients with CDG type Ig in the literature.Materials and Methods: Retrospective chart review of a case of CDG type Ig with novel variant in the associated gene: ALG12.Results: In addition to typical systemic findings of CDG, our case was found to have exotropia, bilateralcataracts, and retinitis pigmentosa with extinguished electroretinography in photopic and scotopic conditions.Conclusions: We hope to extend the understanding of ALG12-related CDG type Ig with these ophthalmologic observations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Esfandiari
- Division of Ophthalmology, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Marilyn B Mets
- Division of Ophthalmology, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Katherine H Kim
- Division of Genetics, Birth Defects & Metabolism, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sudhi P Kurup
- Division of Ophthalmology, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Himmelreich N, Dimitrov B, Geiger V, Zielonka M, Hutter AM, Beedgen L, Hüllen A, Breuer M, Peters V, Thiemann KC, Hoffmann GF, Sinning I, Dupré T, Vuillaumier-Barrot S, Barrey C, Denecke J, Kölfen W, Düker G, Ganschow R, Lentze MJ, Moore S, Seta N, Ziegler A, Thiel C. Novel variants and clinical symptoms in four new ALG3-CDG patients, review of the literature, and identification of AAGRP-ALG3 as a novel ALG3 variant with alanine and glycine-rich N-terminus. Hum Mutat 2019; 40:938-951. [PMID: 31067009 DOI: 10.1002/humu.23764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
ALG3-CDG is one of the very rare types of congenital disorder of glycosylation (CDG) caused by variants in the ER-mannosyltransferase ALG3. Here, we summarize the clinical, biochemical, and genetic data of four new ALG3-CDG patients, who were identified by a type I pattern of serum transferrin and the accumulation of Man5 GlcNAc2 -PP-dolichol in LLO analysis. Additional clinical symptoms observed in our patients comprise sensorineural hearing loss, right-descending aorta, obstructive cardiomyopathy, macroglossia, and muscular hypertonia. We add four new biochemically confirmed variants to the list of ALG3-CDG inducing variants: c.350G>C (p.R117P), c.1263G>A (p.W421*), c.1037A>G (p.N346S), and the intron variant c.296+4A>G. Furthermore, in Patient 1 an additional open-reading frame of 141 bp (AAGRP) in the coding region of ALG3 was identified. Additionally, we show that control cells synthesize, to a minor degree, a hybrid protein composed of the polypeptide AAGRP and ALG3 (AAGRP-ALG3), while in Patient 1 expression of this hybrid protein is significantly increased due to the homozygous variant c.160_196del (g.165C>T). By reviewing the literature and combining our findings with previously published data, we further expand the knowledge of this rare glycosylation defect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nastassja Himmelreich
- Center for Child and Adolescent Medicine, Department Pediatrics I, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bianca Dimitrov
- Center for Child and Adolescent Medicine, Department Pediatrics I, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Virginia Geiger
- Center for Child and Adolescent Medicine, Department Pediatrics I, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Zielonka
- Center for Child and Adolescent Medicine, Department Pediatrics I, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anna-Marlen Hutter
- Center for Child and Adolescent Medicine, Department Pediatrics I, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lars Beedgen
- Center for Child and Adolescent Medicine, Department Pediatrics I, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Hüllen
- Center for Child and Adolescent Medicine, Department Pediatrics I, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Breuer
- Center for Child and Adolescent Medicine, Department Pediatrics I, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Verena Peters
- Center for Child and Adolescent Medicine, Department Pediatrics I, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kai-Christian Thiemann
- Center for Child and Adolescent Medicine, Department Pediatrics I, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Georg F Hoffmann
- Center for Child and Adolescent Medicine, Department Pediatrics I, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Irmgard Sinning
- Biochemistry Center (BZH), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thierry Dupré
- Department Biochimie, AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat, Biochimie, Paris, France.,Faculté de Médecine Xavier Bichat, INSERM U1149, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Sandrine Vuillaumier-Barrot
- Department Biochimie, AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat, Biochimie, Paris, France.,Faculté de Médecine Xavier Bichat, INSERM U1149, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | | | - Jonas Denecke
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Kölfen
- Zentrum für Kinder und Jugendmedizin, Städtischen Kliniken Mönchengladbach, Mönchengladbach, Germany
| | - Gesche Düker
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Medical Center, University Hospitals Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Rainer Ganschow
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Medical Center, University Hospitals Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael J Lentze
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Medical Center, University Hospitals Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Stuart Moore
- Faculté de Médecine Xavier Bichat, INSERM U1149, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Seta
- Department Biochimie, AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat, Biochimie, Paris, France
| | - Andreas Ziegler
- Center for Child and Adolescent Medicine, Department Pediatrics I, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian Thiel
- Center for Child and Adolescent Medicine, Department Pediatrics I, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Chiu YL, Wu YY, Barndt RB, Yeo YH, Lin YW, Sytwo HP, Liu HC, Xu Y, Jia B, Wang JK, Johnson MD, Lin CY. Aberrant regulation favours matriptase proteolysis in neoplastic B-cells that co-express HAI-2. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2019; 34:692-702. [PMID: 30777474 PMCID: PMC6383611 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2019.1577831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Matriptase is ectopically expressed in neoplastic B-cells, in which matriptase activity is enhanced by negligible expression of its endogenous inhibitor, hepatocyte growth factor activator inhibitor (HAI)-1. HAI-1, however, is also involved in matriptase synthesis and intracellular trafficking. The lack of HAI-1 indicates that other related inhibitor, such as HAI-2, might be expressed. Here, we show that HAI-2 is commonly co-expressed in matriptase-expressing neoplastic B-cells. The level of active matriptase shed after induction of matriptase zymogen activation in 7 different neoplastic B-cells was next determined and characterised. Our data reveal that active matriptase can only be generated and shed by those cells able to activate matriptase and in a rough correlation with the levels of matriptase protein. While HAI-2 can potently inhibit matriptase, the levels of active matriptase are not proportionally suppressed in those cells with high HAI-2. Our survey suggests that matriptase proteolysis might aberrantly remain high in neoplastic B-cells regardless of the levels of HAI-2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Lin Chiu
- a Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology , Georgetown University , Washington , DC, USA.,b Department of Biochemistry , National Defense Medical Center , Taipei , Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ying Wu
- c Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine , Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center , Taipei , Taiwan
| | - Robert B Barndt
- a Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology , Georgetown University , Washington , DC, USA
| | - Yee Hui Yeo
- a Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology , Georgetown University , Washington , DC, USA
| | - Yu-Wen Lin
- a Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology , Georgetown University , Washington , DC, USA.,b Department of Biochemistry , National Defense Medical Center , Taipei , Taiwan
| | - Hou-Ping Sytwo
- d School of Medicine , National Defense Medical Center , Taipei , Taiwan
| | - Huan-Cheng Liu
- a Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology , Georgetown University , Washington , DC, USA.,e Langley High School , McLean , VA, USA
| | - Yuan Xu
- a Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology , Georgetown University , Washington , DC, USA
| | - Bailing Jia
- a Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology , Georgetown University , Washington , DC, USA.,f Department of Gastroenterology , Henan Provincial People's Hospital , Zhengzhou , China
| | - Jehng-Kang Wang
- b Department of Biochemistry , National Defense Medical Center , Taipei , Taiwan
| | - Michael D Johnson
- a Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology , Georgetown University , Washington , DC, USA
| | - Chen-Yong Lin
- a Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology , Georgetown University , Washington , DC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wolking AB, Park JH, Grüneberg M, Reunert J, Fingerhut R, Fobker M, Marquardt T. Transferrin glycosylation analysis from dried blood spot cards and capillary blood samples. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2019; 1106-1107:64-70. [PMID: 30641270 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2019.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) are a growing group of inherited diseases causing manifold symptoms. Routine diagnostic procedures are high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) or isoelectric focusing (IEF) of serum transferrin. METHODS We introduce a modified method to screen for glycosylation abnormalities from dried blood spot (DBS) samples based on isoelectric focusing. In PGM1-CDG, glycosylation analysis and enzyme activity measurement were performed from a single DBS sample. Furthermore, we present the possibility to use capillary blood samples for quantification of transferrin isoforms. RESULTS IEF from DBS samples is possible and results are identical to the ones obtained in serum samples. Gel analysis using the ImageJ software allows quantification of IEF results. Storage at -20 °C ensures stable samples for more than six months. Capillary blood samples are equally suitable for glycosylation analysis and show no inferiority to serum samples. CONCLUSION In view of a growing number of treatable CDG subtypes, the proposed methods allow reliable diagnosis and therapy control of CDG while being easily applicable. Capillary blood samples can be taken at home and sent in for follow-up. DBS are widely used in new-born screening programs and have the potential to broaden the knowledge of glycosylation abnormalities in early infancy. By its possible application in the context of alcohol abuse, the proposed method bears the potential for widespread use in a non-metabolic context.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna B Wolking
- University Children's Hospital Münster, Albert Schweitzer-Campus 1, Gebäude A13, 48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Julien H Park
- University Children's Hospital Münster, Albert Schweitzer-Campus 1, Gebäude A13, 48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Marianne Grüneberg
- University Children's Hospital Münster, Albert Schweitzer-Campus 1, Gebäude A13, 48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Janine Reunert
- University Children's Hospital Münster, Albert Schweitzer-Campus 1, Gebäude A13, 48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Ralph Fingerhut
- Swiss Newborn Screening Laboratory, Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Steinwiesstr. 75, CH-8032 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Manfred Fobker
- Center of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, 48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Thorsten Marquardt
- University Children's Hospital Münster, Albert Schweitzer-Campus 1, Gebäude A13, 48149 Münster, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Hacker B, Schultheiß C, Kurzik-Dumke U. Sequential cleavage of the proteins encoded by HNOT/ALG3, the human counterpart of the Drosophila NOT and yeast ALG3 gene, results in products acting in distinct cellular compartments. Hum Mol Genet 2018; 27:4231-4248. [PMID: 30192950 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddy315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This study provides first insights into the biosynthesis, structure, biochemistry and complex processing of the proteins encoded by hNOT/ALG3, the human counterpart of the Drosophila Neighbour of TID (NOT) and the yeast asparagine linked glycosylation 3 gene (ALG3), which encodes a mannosyltransferase. Unambiguous evidence that both the fly and human proteins act as mannosyltransferases has not been provided yet. Previously, we showed that hNOT/ALG3 encodes two alternatively spliced main transcripts, hNOT-1/ALG3-1 and hNOT-4/ALG3-4, and their 15 truncated derivatives that lack diverse sets of exons and/or carry point mutations that result in premature termination codons. Here we show that the truncated transcripts are not translated. The two main forms hNOT-1/ALG3-1 and -4, distinguishable by alternative exon 1, encode full-length precursors that undergo a complex posttranslational processing. To specifically detect the two full-length hNOT/ALG3 proteins and their distinct derivatives and to examine their expression profiles and cellular location we generated polyclonal antibodies against diverse parts of the putative full-length proteins. We provide experimental evidence for the N-glycosylation of the two precursors. This modification seems to be a prerequisite for their sequential cleavage resulting in derivatives destined to distinct cellular compartments and links them with the N-glycosylation machinery not as its functional component but as molecules functionally dependent on its action. We present the expression profiles and subcellular location of the two full-length proteins, their N-glycosylated forms and distinct cleavage products. Furthermore, using diverse bioinformatics tools, we characterize the properties and predict the 2D and 3D structure of the two proteins and, for comparative purposes, of their Drosophila counterpart.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Hacker
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Laboratory for Comparative Tumour Biology, University Medical Centre, Johannes Gutenberg University, Obere Zahlbacher, Mainz, Germany
| | - Christoph Schultheiß
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Laboratory for Comparative Tumour Biology, University Medical Centre, Johannes Gutenberg University, Obere Zahlbacher, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ursula Kurzik-Dumke
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Laboratory for Comparative Tumour Biology, University Medical Centre, Johannes Gutenberg University, Obere Zahlbacher, Mainz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Hacker B, Schultheiß C, Döring M, Kurzik-Dumke U. Molecular partners of hNOT/ALG3, the human counterpart of the Drosophila NOT and yeast ALG3 gene, suggest its involvement in distinct cellular processes relevant to congenital disorders of glycosylation, cancer, neurodegeneration and a variety of further pathologies. Hum Mol Genet 2018; 27:1858-1878. [DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddy087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Hacker
- Laboratory for Comparative Tumour Biology, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Medical Centre, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Christoph Schultheiß
- Laboratory for Comparative Tumour Biology, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Medical Centre, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Michael Döring
- Laboratory for Comparative Tumour Biology, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Medical Centre, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Ursula Kurzik-Dumke
- Laboratory for Comparative Tumour Biology, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Medical Centre, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Al Teneiji A, Bruun TUJ, Sidky S, Cordeiro D, Cohn RD, Mendoza-Londono R, Moharir M, Raiman J, Siriwardena K, Kyriakopoulou L, Mercimek-Mahmutoglu S. Phenotypic and genotypic spectrum of congenital disorders of glycosylation type I and type II. Mol Genet Metab 2017; 120:235-242. [PMID: 28122681 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2016.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) are inborn defects of glycan metabolism. They are multisystem disorders. Analysis of transferrin isoforms is applied as a screening test for CDG type I (CDG-I) and type II (CDG-II). We performed a retrospective cohort study to determine spectrum of phenotype and genotype and prevalence of the different subtypes of CDG-I and CDG-II. MATERIAL AND METHODS All patients with CDG-I and CDG-II evaluated in our institution's Metabolic Genetics Clinics were included. Electronic and paper patient charts were reviewed. We set-up a high performance liquid chromatography transferrin isoelectric focusing (TIEF) method to measure transferrin isoforms in our Institution. We reviewed the literature for the rare CDG-I and CDG-II subtypes seen in our Institution. RESULTS Fifteen patients were included: 9 with PMM2-CDG and 6 with non-PMM2-CDG (one ALG3-CDG, one ALG9-CDG, two ALG11-CDG, one MPDU1-CDG and one ATP6V0A2-CDG). All patients with PMM2-CDG and 5 patients with non-PMM2-CDG showed abnormal TIEF suggestive of CDG-I or CDG-II pattern. In all patients, molecular diagnosis was confirmed either by single gene testing, targeted next generation sequencing for CDG genes, or by whole exome sequencing. CONCLUSION We report 15 new patients with CDG-I and CDG-II. Whole exome sequencing will likely identify more patients with normal TIEF and expand the phenotypic spectrum of CDG-I and CDG-II.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amal Al Teneiji
- Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Theodora U J Bruun
- Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Genetics and Genome Biology Program, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Sidky
- Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dawn Cordeiro
- Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ronald D Cohn
- Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Genetics and Genome Biology Program, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Roberto Mendoza-Londono
- Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Genetics and Genome Biology Program, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mahendranath Moharir
- Division of Neurology, Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - Lianna Kyriakopoulou
- Division of Genome Diagnostics, Department of Paediatric Laboratory Medicine, University of Toronto, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Saadet Mercimek-Mahmutoglu
- Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Genetics and Genome Biology Program, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Schulte Althoff S, Grüneberg M, Reunert J, Park JH, Rust S, Mühlhausen C, Wada Y, Santer R, Marquardt T. TMEM165 Deficiency: Postnatal Changes in Glycosylation. JIMD Rep 2015; 26:21-9. [PMID: 26238249 PMCID: PMC5580733 DOI: 10.1007/8904_2015_455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Revised: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital disorders of glycosylation form a rapidly growing group of inherited metabolic diseases. As glycosylation affects proteins all over the organism, a mutation in a single gene leads to a multisystemic disorder. We describe a patient with TMEM165-CDG with facial dysmorphism, nephrotic syndrome, cardiac defects, enlarged cerebral ventricles, feeding problems, and neurological involvement. Having confirmed the diagnosis via prenatal diagnostics, we were able to observe the glycosylation right from birth, finding a pathological pattern already on the first day of life. Within the next few weeks, hypoglycosylation progressed to less sialylated and then also to hypogalactosylated isoforms. On the whole, there has not been much published evidence concerning postnatal glycosylation and its adaptational process. This is the first paper reporting changes in glycosylation patterns over the first postnatal weeks in TMEM165-CDG.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Schulte Althoff
- Department of Pediatrics, University Children's Hospital Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Gebäude A13, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - M Grüneberg
- Department of Pediatrics, University Children's Hospital Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Gebäude A13, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - J Reunert
- Department of Pediatrics, University Children's Hospital Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Gebäude A13, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - J H Park
- Department of Pediatrics, University Children's Hospital Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Gebäude A13, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - S Rust
- Department of Pediatrics, University Children's Hospital Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Gebäude A13, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - C Mühlhausen
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Y Wada
- Osaka Medical Center and Research Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Osaka, Japan
| | - R Santer
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - T Marquardt
- Department of Pediatrics, University Children's Hospital Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Gebäude A13, 48149, Münster, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Lepais L, Cheillan D, Frachon SC, Hays S, Matthijs G, Panagiotakaki E, Abel C, Edery P, Rossi M. ALG3-CDG: Report of two siblings with antenatal features carrying homozygous p.Gly96Arg mutation. Am J Med Genet A 2015; 167A:2748-54. [PMID: 26126960 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.37232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) are a group of inborn errors of metabolism presenting with heterogeneous multisystemic clinical manifestations. To date, more than 60 different types of CDG have been reported. ALG3-CDG is very rare, with only nine patients described so far. We report two affected siblings presenting prenatally with skeletal abnormalities associated with dysmorphic features, cerebellar vermis hypoplasia, corpus callosum agenesis, hepatic fibrosis and poor prognosis. This is the first detailed report of an affected fetus including clinical, radiographic and pathological findings. The patients showed some clinical features previously unreported in ALG3-CDG, such as bone dysplasia, cataract, corneal opacities, and pons hypoplasia. Both patients were homozygous for the previously unreported p.Gly96Arg mutation of the ALG3 gene. One patient showed chondrodysplasia punctata (CDP), which has not been previously reported in CDG. An exhaustive genetic and metabolic assessment, performed in order to rule out other possible causes of CDP, showed abnormally raised levels of anti-nuclear antibodies in the mother who, nevertheless, did not show any clinical sign of autoimmune disease during a 7 years follow-up. We speculate that the observed CDP may be explained by the maternal anti-nuclear antibodies; alternatively, a possible link to the underlying metabolic disorder cannot be ruled out. In conclusion, we report the clinical, pathological, biochemical and molecular characterization of two further patients affected by ALG3-CDG, expanding the phenotypic spectrum of this very rare disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laureline Lepais
- Centre de Référence des Anomalies du Développement, Service de Génétique, Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France
| | - David Cheillan
- Service des Maladies Héréditaires du Métabolisme et Dépistage Néonatal, Centre de Biologie et de Pathologie Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France.,INSERM U1060/Université Lyon-1, Lyon, France
| | - Sophie Collardeau Frachon
- Service d'Anatomie Pathologique, Centre de Biologie et de Pathologie Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France.,Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Stéphane Hays
- Service de Réanimation Néonatale et Néonatologie, Hôpital de la Croix Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Gert Matthijs
- Center for Human Genetics, UZ Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Eleni Panagiotakaki
- Service Epilepsie, Sommeil, Explorations Fonctionnelles Neuropédiatriques (ESEFNP), Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France
| | - Carine Abel
- Centre de Référence des Anomalies du Développement, Service de Génétique, Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France
| | - Patrick Edery
- Centre de Référence des Anomalies du Développement, Service de Génétique, Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France.,Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, CRNL TIGER Team, Bron, France
| | - Massimiliano Rossi
- Centre de Référence des Anomalies du Développement, Service de Génétique, Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France.,INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, CRNL TIGER Team, Bron, France
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Dai Z, Aryal UK, Shukla A, Qian WJ, Smith RD, Magnuson JK, Adney WS, Beckham GT, Brunecky R, Himmel ME, Decker SR, Ju X, Zhang X, Baker SE. Impact of alg3 gene deletion on growth, development, pigment production, protein secretion, and functions of recombinant Trichoderma reesei cellobiohydrolases in Aspergillus niger. Fungal Genet Biol 2013; 61:120-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2013.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Revised: 09/05/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
17
|
Riess S, Reddihough DS, Howell KB, Dagia C, Jaeken J, Matthijs G, Yaplito-Lee J. ALG3-CDG (CDG-Id): clinical, biochemical and molecular findings in two siblings. Mol Genet Metab 2013; 110:170-5. [PMID: 23791010 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2013.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2013] [Revised: 05/30/2013] [Accepted: 05/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) represent an expanding family of metabolic disorders with a wide range of biochemical, molecular and clinical phenotypes. ALG3-CDG (CDG-Id), due to a defect in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) mannosyltransferase VI, is one of the less common types of CDG-I. We describe two Vietnamese siblings with confirmed ALG3-CDG (CDG-Id) by molecular testing. As far as we are aware, they are the oldest reported patients in the literature at 15 and 21years. They share similar clinical features with previously reported patients including facial dysmorphism, severe psychomotor retardation, microcephaly, seizures, and gastrointestinal symptoms. Furthermore, our sibling pair highlights the intrafamilial variability, the natural clinical course of ALG3-CDG (CDG-Id) and the benefit of reassessing patients with undiagnosed and complex syndromes, particularly when they present with neurological deterioration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suzi Riess
- Developmental Medicine, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Abstract
Glycosylation is an essential process by which sugars are attached to proteins and lipids. Complete lack of glycosylation is not compatible with life. Because of the widespread function of glycosylation, inherited disorders of glycosylation are multisystemic. Since the identification of the first defect on N-linked glycosylation in the 1980s, there are over 40 different congenital protein hypoglycosylation diseases. This review will include defects of N-linked glycosylation, O-linked glycosylation and disorders of combined N- and O-linked glycosylation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susan E Sparks
- Department of Pediatrics, Levine Children's Hospital at Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Van Hove JLK, Lohr NJ. Metabolic and monogenic causes of seizures in neonates and young infants. Mol Genet Metab 2011; 104:214-30. [PMID: 21839663 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2011.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2011] [Revised: 04/20/2011] [Accepted: 04/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Seizures in neonates or young infants present a frequent diagnostic challenge. After exclusion of acquired causes, disturbances of the internal homeostasis and brain malformations, the physician must evaluate for inborn errors of metabolism and for other non-malformative genetic disorders as the cause of seizures. The metabolic causes can be categorized into disorders of neurotransmitter metabolism, disorders of energy production, and synthetic or catabolic disorders associated with brain malformation, dysfunction and degeneration. Other genetic conditions involve channelopathies, and disorders resulting in abnormal growth, differentiation and formation of neuronal populations. These conditions are important given their potential for treatment and the risk for recurrence in the family. In this paper, we will succinctly review the metabolic and genetic non-malformative causes of seizures in neonates and infants less than 6 months of age. We will then provide differential diagnostic clues and a practical paradigm for their evaluation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johan L K Van Hove
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Clinical Genetics, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Namavar Y, Barth PG, Poll-The BT, Baas F. Classification, diagnosis and potential mechanisms in pontocerebellar hypoplasia. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2011; 6:50. [PMID: 21749694 PMCID: PMC3159098 DOI: 10.1186/1750-1172-6-50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2011] [Accepted: 07/12/2011] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Pontocerebellar Hypoplasia (PCH) is group of very rare, inherited progressive neurodegenerative disorders with prenatal onset. Up to now seven different subtypes have been reported (PCH1-7). The incidence of each subtype is unknown. All subtypes share common characteristics, including hypoplasia/atrophy of cerebellum and pons, progressive microcephaly, and variable cerebral involvement. Patients have severe cognitive and motor handicaps and seizures are often reported. Treatment is only symptomatic and prognosis is poor, as most patients die during infancy or childhood. The genetic basis of different subtypes has been elucidated, which makes prenatal testing possible in families with mutations. Mutations in three tRNA splicing endonuclease subunit genes were found to be responsible for PCH2, PCH4 and PCH5. Mutations in the nuclear encoded mitochondrial arginyl- tRNA synthetase gene underlie PCH6. The tRNA splicing endonuclease, the mitochondrial arginyl- tRNA synthetase and the vaccinia related kinase1 are mutated in the minority of PCH1 cases. These genes are involved in essential processes in protein synthesis in general and tRNA processing in particular. In this review we describe the neuroradiological, neuropathological, clinical and genetic features of the different PCH subtypes and we report on in vitro and in vivo studies on the tRNA splicing endonuclease and mitochondrial arginyl-tRNA synthetase and discuss their relation to pontocerebellar hypoplasia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin Namavar
- Department of Genome Analysis, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Millón MBB, Delgado MA, Azar NB, Guelbert N, Sturiale L, Garozzo D, Matthijs G, Jaeken J, de Kremer RD, Asteggiano CG. Two Argentinean Siblings with CDG-Ix: A Novel Type of Congenital Disorder of Glycosylation? JIMD Rep 2011; 1:65-72. [PMID: 23430830 DOI: 10.1007/8904_2011_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2010] [Revised: 02/07/2011] [Accepted: 02/21/2011] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) are genetic diseases caused by abnormal protein and lipid glycosylation. In this chapter, we report the clinical, biochemical, and molecular findings in two siblings with an unidentified CDG (CDG-Ix). They are the first and the third child of healthy consanguineous Argentinean parents. Patient 1 is now a 11-year-old girl, and patient 2 died at the age of 4 months. Their clinical picture involved liver dysfunction in the neonatal period, psychomotor retardation, microcephaly, seizures, axial hypotonia, feeding difficulties, and hepatomegaly. Patient 1 also developed strabismus and cataract. They showed a type 1 pattern of serum sialotransferrin. Enzymatic analysis for phosphomannomutase and phosphomannose isomerase in leukocytes and fibroblasts excluded PMM2-CDG and MPI-CDG. Lipid-linked oligosaccharide (LLO) analysis showed a normal profile. Therefore, this result could point to a deficiency in the dolichol metabolism. In this context, ALG8-CDG, DPAGT1-CDG, and SRD5A3-CDG were analyzed and no defects were identified. In conclusion, we could not identify the genetic deficiency in these patients yet. Further studies are underway to identify the basic defect in them, taking into account the new CDG types that have been recently described.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M B Bistué Millón
- Centro de Estudio Metabolopatías Congénitas (CEMECO), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Hospital de Niños de la Santísima Trinidad, Ferroviarios 1250, CP X5014AKN, Cordoba, Argentina
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Namavar Y, Barth PG, Kasher PR, van Ruissen F, Brockmann K, Bernert G, Writzl K, Ventura K, Cheng EY, Ferriero DM, Basel-Vanagaite L, Eggens VRC, Krägeloh-Mann I, De Meirleir L, King M, Graham JM, von Moers A, Knoers N, Sztriha L, Korinthenberg R, Dobyns WB, Baas F, Poll-The BT. Clinical, neuroradiological and genetic findings in pontocerebellar hypoplasia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 134:143-56. [PMID: 20952379 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awq287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Pontocerebellar hypoplasia is a group of autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disorders with prenatal onset. The common characteristics are cerebellar hypoplasia with variable atrophy of the cerebellum and the ventral pons. Supratentorial involvement is reflected by variable neocortical atrophy, ventriculomegaly and microcephaly. Mutations in the transfer RNA splicing endonuclease subunit genes (TSEN54, TSEN2, TSEN34) were found to be associated with pontocerebellar hypoplasia types 2 and 4. Mutations in the mitochondrial transfer RNA arginyl synthetase gene (RARS2) were associated with pontocerebellar hypoplasia type 6. We studied a cohort of 169 patients from 141 families for mutations in these genes, of whom 106 patients tested positive for mutations in one of the TSEN genes or the RARS2 gene. In order to delineate the neuroradiological and clinical phenotype of patients with mutations in these genes, we compared this group with 63 patients suspected of pontocerebellar hypoplasia who were negative on mutation analysis. We found a strong correlation (P < 0.0005) between TSEN54 mutations and a dragonfly-like cerebellar pattern on magnetic resonance imaging, in which the cerebellar hemispheres are flat and severely reduced in size and the vermis is relatively spared. Mutations in TSEN54 are clinically associated with dyskinesia and/or dystonia and variable degrees of spasticity, in some cases with pure generalized spasticity. Nonsense or splice site mutations in TSEN54 are associated with a more severe phenotype of more perinatal symptoms, ventilator dependency and early death. In addition, we present ten new mutations in TSEN54, TSEN2 and RARS2. Furthermore, we show that pontocerebellar hypoplasia type 1 together with elevated cerebrospinal fluid lactate may be caused by RARS2 mutations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin Namavar
- Department of Genome Analysis, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Léticée N, Bessières-Grattagliano B, Dupré T, Vuillaumier-Barrot S, de Lonlay P, Razavi F, El Khartoufi N, Ville Y, Vekemans M, Bouvier R, Seta N, Attié-Bitach T. Should PMM2-deficiency (CDG Ia) be searched in every case of unexplained hydrops fetalis? Mol Genet Metab 2010; 101:253-7. [PMID: 20638314 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2010.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2010] [Revised: 06/15/2010] [Accepted: 06/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Hydrops fetalis (HF) is characterized by an accumulation of fluid in the extracellular compartments and in body cavities. Non-immune HF (NIHF) is caused by a wide variety of disorders and overall, 20-25% of NIHF remain unexplained. Inborn errors of metabolism, mostly lysosomal storage diseases have been estimated to account for 1-2% of cases, leading to HF by anemia or liver failure. Very few cases of NIHF and Congenital Disorder of Glycosylation (CDG) have been reported. We present here a case of recurrence of HF in a non-related couple in which the diagnosis of CDG type I was suspected at fetal pathological examination then confirmed at the enzymatic and molecular levels, as well as on a characteristic CDG I serum transferrin profile at 30weeks of gestation. We also provide a systematic review of reported cases with CDG type I and NIHF reported thus far. When NIHF remains unexplained despite exhaustive obstetrical screening, analysis of PMM activity in the parents' leucocytes is possible and might be performed easily during pregnancy. The accurate diagnosis is important in terms of counseling during pregnancy or later, in order to allow an early molecular prenatal diagnosis for the following pregnancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Léticée
- AP-HP, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Centre de médecine fœtale et Maternité de Necker-Brune, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Marklová E, Albahri Z. Amniotic fluid α-fetoprotein microheterogeneity in the prenatal diagnosis of congenital disorders of glycosylation type Ia. Clin Chem Lab Med 2010; 48:1281-5. [PMID: 20528096 DOI: 10.1515/cclm.2010.265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Congenital disorders of glycosylation are a group of clinically and biochemically diverse defects. The current screening method (based on analysis of transferrin), which is used postnatally for the most frequent types, is however not suitable for prenatal diagnosis. The aim of the study was to investigate whether alterations in the microheterogeneity of α-fetoprotein would provide more reliable results. METHODS During the 14th-19th weeks of gestation, 140 amniotic fluid samples were obtained by amniocentesis and tested for fetal developmental abnormalities. α-Fetoprotein was analyzed using isoelectric focusing on Immobiline DryPlate pH 4-7, rehydrated in urea (8 mol/L), and molecular forms of the glycoprotein were detected by immunofixation and silver staining. RESULTS A difference in the relative proportion of individual α-fetoprotein bands (particularly increase of band II density) was found in a case where a congenital disorder of glycosylation was diagnosed postnatally, and in two other samples from pregnancies which resulted in termination, without further examination. CONCLUSIONS Our potential for further testing is limited; thus far, no other congenital disorders of glycosylation-positive samples have been available. Verification of our results in another laboratory with the exclusion of several potentially pertinent variables is advisable.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eliska Marklová
- Department of Pediatrics, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
| | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Kajiura H, Seki T, Fujiyama K. Arabidopsis thaliana ALG3 mutant synthesizes immature oligosaccharides in the ER and accumulates unique N-glycans. Glycobiology 2010; 20:736-51. [PMID: 20356820 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwq028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The core oligosaccharide Glc(3)Man(9)GlcNAc(2) is assembled by a series of membrane-bound glycosyltransferases as the lipid carrier dolichylpyrophosphate-linked glycan in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The first step of this assembly pathway on the ER luminal side is mediated by ALG3 (asparagine-linked glycosylation 3), which is a highly conserved reaction among eukaryotic cells. Complementary genetics compared with Saccharomyces cerevisiae ALG gene families and bioinformatic approaches have enabled the identification of ALG3 from other species. In Arabidopsis thaliana, AtALG3 (At2g47760) was identified as alpha1,3-mannosyltransferase. Complementation analysis showed that AtALG3 rescued the temperature-sensitive phenotype, that lipid-linked oligosaccharide assemblies and that protein underglycosylation of S. cerevisiae ALG3-deficient mutant. In Arabidopsis ALG3 mutant, an immature lipid-linked oligosaccharide structure, M5(ER), was synthesized, and used for protein N-glycosylation, resulting in the blockade of subsequent maturation with the concanavalin A affinoactive and Endo H-insensitive structure. N-Glycan profiling of total proteins from alg3 mutants exhibited a unique structural profile, alg3 has rare N-glycan structures including Man(3)GlcNAc(2), M4(ER), M5(ER) and GlcM5(ER), which are not usually detected in Arabidopsis, and a much less amount of complex-type N-glycan than that in wild type. Interestingly, despite protein N-glycosylation differences compared with wild type, alg3 showed no obvious phenotype under normal and high temperature or salt/osmotic stress conditions. These results indicate that AtALG3 is a critical factor for mature N-glycosylation of proteins, but not essential for cell viability and growth in Arabidopsis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Kajiura
- The International Center for Biotechnology, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Osaka 565, Japan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Haeuptle MA, Hennet T. Congenital disorders of glycosylation: an update on defects affecting the biosynthesis of dolichol-linked oligosaccharides. Hum Mutat 2010; 30:1628-41. [PMID: 19862844 DOI: 10.1002/humu.21126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Defects in the biosynthesis of the oligosaccharide precursor for N-glycosylation lead to decreased occupancy of glycosylation sites and thereby to diseases known as congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG). In the last 20 years, approximately 1,000 CDG patients have been identified presenting with multiple organ dysfunctions. This review sets the state of the art by listing all mutations identified in the 15 genes (PMM2, MPI, DPAGT1, ALG1, ALG2, ALG3, ALG9, ALG12, ALG6, ALG8, DOLK, DPM1, DPM3, MPDU1, and RFT1) that yield a deficiency of dolichol-linked oligosaccharide biosynthesis. The present analysis shows that most mutations lead to substitutions of strongly conserved amino acid residues across eukaryotes. Furthermore, the comparison between the different forms of CDG affecting dolichol-linked oligosaccharide biosynthesis shows that the severity of the disease does not relate to the position of the mutated gene along this biosynthetic pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Micha A Haeuptle
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Yamamoto A, Nakatsu S, Kondo A, Asato T, Okabe M, Fukuzawa M, Miyagawa S. A newly cloned pig dolichyl-phosphate mannosyl-transferase for preventing the transmission of porcine endogenous retrovirus to human cells. Transpl Int 2009; 23:424-31. [PMID: 19912589 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-2277.2009.00999.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Porcine endogenous retrovirus (PERV) is a major problem associated with successful clinical xenotransplantation. In our previous study, reducing the high mannose type of N-glycan content proved to be very effective in downregulating PERV infectivity. In this study, dolichyl-phosphate mannosyltransferase (D-P-M), an enzyme related to the early stages of N-linked sugar synthesis was studied. The pig cDNA of the encoding D-P-M was newly isolated. The RNA interference (siRNA) for the D-P-M was applied and transfected to PEC(Z)/PB cells, a pig endothelial cell line with the Lac Z gene and PERV-B, to reduce the levels of high mannose type N-glycans. Compared with the mock line, the temporary PEC(Z)/PB lines showed a decreased mRNA expression for pig D-P-M, and each line then showed a clear destruction of PERV infectivity to human cells in the Lac Z pseudotype assay. The PEC(Z)/PB was next transfected with pSXGH-siRNA, H1-RNA gene promoter. The established PEC(Z)/PB clones with pSXGH-siRNA clearly led to the downregulation of PERV infectivity, as evidenced by the decreased levels of the mRNA for pig D-P-M. Reducing D-P-M enzyme activity represents a potentially useful approach to address the problem of PERV infections in clinical xenotransplantations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aki Yamamoto
- Division of Organ Transplantation, Department of Surgery, and Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Zamboni G, Bortolotti F, Zaffanello M, De Paoli G, Tagliaro F. Carbohydrate‐deficient transferrin determined in blood microsamples from healthy newborns by using capillary zone electrophoresis. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation 2009; 67:191-5. [PMID: 17365998 DOI: 10.1080/00365510601004077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is a paucity of studies on quantitative determination of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) in newborns. The aim of our study was therefore to determine CDT concentrations in newborns by using capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE). MATERIAL AND METHODS Capillary blood was collected from the heels of 28 at-term healthy newborns, simultaneously with the Guthrie card screening. Forty-seven adults were examined as controls. CZE separations were performed with a P/ACE MDQ capillary electropherograph in uncoated fused-silica capillaries using a commercial reagent kit. After iron saturation, the samples were loaded by application of 0.5 psi for 15 s, and separated under 28kV with UV detection. All relevant transferrin (Tf) glycoforms were separated within 7 min. CDT quantification (%CDT) was carried out by calculating the percentage ratio between the sum of the peak areas of CDT-related glycoforms and the sum of peak areas of all Tf glycoforms. RESULTS In most cases, good separations of Tf glycoforms were obtained. In the newborns the %CDT was 0.51 versus 0.66 in adults (difference not statistically significant). Trisialo-Tf concentration was significantly lower in newborns (3.20) than in adults (4.11). Furthermore, pentasialo-Tf appeared to be lower in newborns (7.30) than in adults (14.00), but because complete separation of the peaks of tetrasialo- and pentasialo-Tf was not always possible, this finding could not be confirmed statistically. CONCLUSIONS CZE showed definite advantages in terms of volume of blood to be collected, simplicity and standardization of analysis and, because of the direct detection of the separated zones, accuracy of quantification. The present study provides the basic information in the search for glycosylation defects in newborns.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Zamboni
- Department of Mother and Child, Biology-Genetics, Section of Paediatrics, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Denecke J. Biomarkers and diagnosis of congenital disorders of glycosylation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 3:395-409. [DOI: 10.1517/17530050902878023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
|
30
|
Rimella-Le-Huu A, Henry H, Kern I, Hanquinet S, Roulet-Perez E, Newman CJ, Superti-Furga A, Bonafé L, Ballhausen D. Congenital disorder of glycosylation type Id (CDG Id): phenotypic, biochemical and molecular characterization of a new patient. J Inherit Metab Dis 2008; 31 Suppl 2:S381-6. [PMID: 18679822 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-008-0959-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2008] [Revised: 06/20/2008] [Accepted: 06/24/2008] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) are a family of multisystem inherited disorders caused by defects in the biosynthesis of N- or O-glycans. Among the many different subtypes of CDG, the defect of a mannosyltransferase encoded by the human ALG3 gene (chromosome 3q27) is known to cause CDG Id. Six patients with CDG Id have been described in the literature so far. We further delineate the clinical, biochemical, neuroradiological and molecular features of CDG Id by reporting an additional patient bearing a novel missense mutation in the ALG3 gene. All patients with CDG Id display a slowly progressive encephalopathy with microcephaly, severe psychomotor retardation and epileptic seizures. They also share some typical dysmorphic features but they do not present the multisystem involvement observed in other CDG syndromes or any biological marker abnormalities. Unusually marked osteopenia is a feature in some patients and may remain undiagnosed until revealed by pathological fractures. Serum transferrin screening for CDG should be extended to all patients with encephalopathy of unknown origin, even in the absence of multisystem involvement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Rimella-Le-Huu
- Division of Molecular Pediatrics, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Henquet M, Lehle L, Schreuder M, Rouwendal G, Molthoff J, Helsper J, van der Krol S, Bosch D. Identification of the gene encoding the alpha1,3-mannosyltransferase (ALG3) in Arabidopsis and characterization of downstream n-glycan processing. THE PLANT CELL 2008; 20:1652-64. [PMID: 18567790 PMCID: PMC2483356 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.108.060731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2008] [Revised: 05/28/2008] [Accepted: 06/05/2008] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Glycosyltransferases are involved in the biosynthesis of lipid-linked N-glycans. Here, we identify and characterize a mannosyltransferase gene from Arabidopsis thaliana, which is the functional homolog of the ALG3 (Dol-P-Man:Man5GlcNAc2-PP-Dol alpha1,3-mannosyl transferase) gene in yeast. The At ALG3 protein can complement a Deltaalg3 yeast mutant and is localized to the endoplasmic reticulum in yeast and in plants. A homozygous T-DNA insertion mutant, alg3-2, was identified in Arabidopsis with residual levels of wild-type ALG3, derived from incidental splicing of the 11th intron carrying the T-DNAs. N-glycan analysis of alg3-2 and alg3-2 in the complex-glycan-less mutant background, which lacks N-acetylglucosaminyl-transferase I activity, reveals that when ALG3 activity is strongly reduced, almost all N-glycans transferred to proteins are aberrant, indicating that the Arabidopsis oligosaccharide transferase complex is remarkably substrate tolerant. In alg3-2 plants, the aberrant glycans on glycoproteins are recognized by endogenous mannosidase I and N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase I and efficiently processed into complex-type glycans. Although no high-mannose-type glycoproteins are detected in alg3-2 plants, these plants do not show a growth phenotype under normal growth conditions. However, the glycosylation abnormalities result in activation of marker genes diagnostic of the unfolded protein response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maurice Henquet
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, 6703 BD Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Kranz C, Sun L, Eklund EA, Krasnewich D, Casey JR, Freeze HH. CDG-Id in two siblings with partially different phenotypes. Am J Med Genet A 2007; 143A:1414-20. [PMID: 17551933 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.31796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
We present two sibs with congenital disorder of glycosylation (CDG) type Id. Each shows severe global delay, failure to thrive, seizures, microcephaly, axial hypotonia, and disaccharidase deficiency. One sib has more severe digestive issues, while the other is more neurologically impaired. Each is compound heterozygous for a novel point mutation and an already known mutation in the ALG3 gene that leads to the synthesis of a severely truncated oligosaccharide precursor for N-glycans. The defect is corrected by introduction of a normal ALG3 cDNA. CDG should be ruled out in all patients with severe seizures and failure to thrive. (c) 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Kranz
- Glycobiology and Carbohydrate Chemistry Program, The Burnham Institute for Medical Research, 10901 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Abstract
The congenital disorders of N-glycosylation (CDG), a steadily increasing group of multi-systemic disorders, have severe clinical implications in infancy and early childhood. The various inborn errors responsible adversely affect N-glycosylation of lysosomal proteins because of either failing assembly of lipid-linked (LL) oligosaccharides (OS) in the endoplasmic reticulum, CDG Type I, or faulty processing of the asparagines (N)-linked OS in the ER and in the Golgi, CDG Type II. The overlap of phenotypes precludes specific clinical delineation. Isoelectric focusing (IEF) of plasma transferrin remains a valuable, albeit imperfect, screening tool. IEF of plasma ApoC-III protein, introduced O-glycosylation defects that delineated some new CDGs due to mutations of both N- and O-glycosylation. Only CDG-Ib is amenable to treatment with free mannose supplementation. Hence, early specific diagnosis of any one entity is crucial for genetic counseling and elective preventive measures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jules G Leroy
- Department of Pediatrics, Ghent University School of Medicine and University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Abstract
The spectrum of all glycan structures--the glycome--is immense. In humans, its size is orders of magnitude greater than the number of proteins that are encoded by the genome, one percent of which encodes proteins that make, modify, localize or bind sugar chains, which are known as glycans. In the past decade, over 30 genetic diseases have been identified that alter glycan synthesis and structure, and ultimately the function of nearly all organ systems. Many of the causal mutations affect key biosynthetic enzymes, but more recent discoveries point to defects in chaperones and Golgi-trafficking complexes that impair several glycosylation pathways. As more glycosylation disorders and patients with these disorders are identified, the functions of the glycome are starting to be revealed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hudson H Freeze
- Burnham Institute for Medical Research, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Edwards M, McKenzie F, O'callaghan S, Somerset D, Woodford P, Spilsbury J, Fietz M, Fletcher J. Prenatal Diagnosis of congenital disorder of glycosylation type Ia (CDG-Ia) by cordocentesis and transferrin isoelectric focussing of serum of a 27-week fetus with non-immune hydrops. Prenat Diagn 2006; 26:985-8. [PMID: 16915591 DOI: 10.1002/pd.1543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Blood was obtained by cordocentesis from a fetus with non-immune hydrops demonstrated by ultrasound scanning at 27 weeks' gestation. Abnormalities of serum transferrin isoelectric focussing (IEF) were identified, characteristic of a congenital disorder of glycosylation type I (CDG-Ia). A diagnosis of CDG-Ia was confirmed by enzyme analysis of cultured amniocytes. This is the first report of CDG-Ia diagnosed by serum analysis in a fetus. Previous reports have warned that diagnostic abnormalities do not appear in serum until several weeks after birth. The sensitivity of cordocentesis transferrin IEF is unknown but is less than 100% effective because cases have been diagnosed postnatally after normal prenatal or neonatal studies. Enzyme analysis or mutation analysis is required for diagnosis of congenital disorder of glycosylation (CDGs) regardless of whether a diagnostic transferrin pattern is identified prenatally. The analysis of a small sample of serum, from cordocentesis, performed to check for fetal anemia, simplified the investigation, diagnosis, and genetic counselling of a case of non-immune hydrops detected at 27 weeks' gestation. This might be a useful test for other cases in these circumstances, as fetal blood is usually collected to check for anemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Edwards
- Hunter Genetics, Hunter New England Area Health Service, Newcastle, Australia.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Affiliation(s)
- John F O'Brien
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Division of Genetics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Rochester, MN. USA 55905-0001, USA
| |
Collapse
|