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Daigneault BW. Insights to maternal regulation of the paternal genome in mammalian livestock embryos: A mini-review. Front Genet 2022; 13:909804. [PMID: 36061209 PMCID: PMC9437210 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.909804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This mini-review focuses on current knowledge regarding maternal regulation of the paternal genome in early embryos of mammalian livestock species. Emphasis has been placed on regulatory events described for maternally imprinted genes and further highlights transcriptional regulation of the post-fertilization paternal genome by maternal factors. Specifically, the included content aims to summarize genomic and epigenomic contributions of paternally expressed genes, their regulation by the maternal embryo environment, and chromatin structure that are indispensable for early embryo development. The accumulation of current knowledge will summarize conserved allelic function among species to include molecular and genomic studies across large domestic animals and humans with reference to founding experimental animal models.
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2
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Peng J, Ramatchandirin B, Pearah A, Maheshwari A, He L. Development and Functions of Mitochondria in Early Life. NEWBORN (CLARKSVILLE, MD.) 2022; 1:131-141. [PMID: 37206110 PMCID: PMC10193534 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-11002-0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles of bacterial origin in eukaryotic cells. These play a central role in metabolism and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis and in the production and regulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In addition to the generation of energy, mitochondria perform numerous other functions to support key developmental events such as fertilization during reproduction, oocyte maturation, and the development of the embryo. During embryonic and neonatal development, mitochondria may have important effects on metabolic, energetic, and epigenetic regulation, which may have significant short- and long-term effects on embryonic and offspring health. Hence, the environment, epigenome, and early-life regulation are all linked by mitochondrial integrity, communication, and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghua Peng
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Balamurugan Ramatchandirin
- Department of Pediatrics and Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Alexia Pearah
- Department of Pediatrics and Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Akhil Maheshwari
- Global Newborn Society, Clarksville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ling He
- Department of Pediatrics and Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
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3
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Epigenetic Changes in Equine Embryos after Short-Term Storage at Different Temperatures. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11051325. [PMID: 34066466 PMCID: PMC8148113 DOI: 10.3390/ani11051325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In embryos subjected to assisted reproductive techniques, epigenetic modifications may occur that can influence embryonic development and establishment of pregnancy. In horses, the storage temperature during transport of fresh embryos before transfer is a major concern. The aim of this study was, therefore, to determine the effects of two storage temperatures (5 °C and 20 °C) on equine embryos, collected at day seven after ovulation and stored for 24 h, concerning morphological development, expression of candidate genes associated with embryo growth and development, maternal recognition of pregnancy, methylation, apoptosis and gene-specific and global DNA methylation. Temperature during storage did not affect embryo size. There were no changes in pH and lipid peroxidation of the medium irrespective of group. mRNA expression and gene-specific DNA methylation of genes related to growth and development, maternal recognition of pregnancy, DNA methylation and apoptosis in stored embryos (5 °C and 20 °C) were altered when compared to fresh embryos. Therefore, our study demonstrates for the first time the gene-specific and global DNA methylation status of fresh equine embryos collected on days seven and eight after ovulation. Short-term storage, regardless of temperature, may compromise embryo development after transfer. Abstract In embryos subjected to assisted reproductive techniques, epigenetic modifications may occur that can influence embryonic development and the establishment of pregnancy. In horses, the storage temperature during transport of fresh embryos before transfer is a major concern. The aim of this study was, therefore, to determine the effects of two storage temperatures (5 °C and 20 °C) on equine embryos, collected at day seven after ovulation and stored for 24 h, on: (i) morphological development; (ii) expression of candidate genes associated with embryo growth and development, maternal recognition of pregnancy, methylation and apoptosis, and (iii) gene-specific and global DNA methylation. Embryos (n = 80) were collected on day seven or day eight after ovulation and assigned to four groups: day seven control (E7F, fresh); day seven, stored for 24 h at 5 °C (E5C); day seven, stored for 24 h at 20 °C (E20C) and day eight control (E8F, fresh 24h time control). The embryos and the storage medium (EquiHold, holding medium, Minitube, Tiefenbach, Germany) from all treatment groups were analyzed for (i) medium temperature, pH, and lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde; MDA) and (ii) embryo morphology, mRNA expression and DNA methylation (immunohistochemistry and gene-specific DNA methylation). The size of embryos stored at 5 °C was larger (p < 0.01), whereas embryos stored at 20 °C were smaller (p < 0.05) after 24 h. There were no changes in pH and MDA accumulation irrespective of the group. The mRNA expression of specific genes related to growth and development (POU5F1, SOX2, NANOG), maternal recognition of pregnancy (CYP19A1, PTGES2), DNA methylation (DNMT1, DNMT3A, DNMT3B) and apoptosis (BAX) in the E5C and E20C were either up or downregulated (p < 0.05) when compared to controls (E7F and E8F). The immune expression of 5mC and 5hmC was similar among treatment groups. Percentage of methylation in the CpG islands was lower in the specific genes ESR1, NANOG and DNMT1 (p < 0.001) in E20C embryos when compared to E8F (advanced embryo stage). Therefore, our study demonstrates for the first time the gene-specific and global DNA methylation status of fresh equine embryos collected on days seven and eight after ovulation. Although our results suggest some beneficial effects of storage at 20 °C in comparison to 5 °C, the short-term storage, regardless of temperature, modified gene expression and methylation of genes involved in embryo development and may compromise embryo viability and development after transfer.
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Innocenzi E, De Domenico E, Ciccarone F, Zampieri M, Rossi G, Cicconi R, Bernardini R, Mattei M, Grimaldi P. Paternal activation of CB 2 cannabinoid receptor impairs placental and embryonic growth via an epigenetic mechanism. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17034. [PMID: 31745152 PMCID: PMC6863860 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53579-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The cannabinoid receptor type 2 (CB2) is the peripheral receptor for cannabinoids, involved in the homeostatic control of several physiological functions. Male mitotic germ cells express a high level of CB2, whose activation promotes their differentiation in both in vitro and in vivo experiments, controlling the correct progression of spermatogenesis. However, it remains elusive if CB2 activation in spermatogonia could affect reproductive success in terms of fertility and healthy pregnancy outcomes. In this study, we explored the effects of male CB2 activation on sperm number and quality and its influence on next generation health. We show that exposure of male mice to JWH-133, a selective CB2 agonist, decreased sperm count, impaired placental development and reduced offspring growth. These defects were associated with altered DNA methylation/hydroxymethylation levels at imprinted genes in sperm and conserved in placenta. Our findings reveal that paternal selective activation of CB2 alters the sperm epigenome and compromises offspring growth. This study demonstrates, for the first time, a new role of CB2 signaling in male gametes in causing epigenetic alterations that can be transmitted to the next generation by sperm, highlighting potential risks induced by recreational cannabinoid exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Innocenzi
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuela De Domenico
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Ciccarone
- IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Roma Open University, Rome, Italy
| | - Michele Zampieri
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriele Rossi
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Rosella Cicconi
- Interdepartmental Service Centre-Station for Animal Technology (STA), University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Bernardini
- Interdepartmental Service Centre-Station for Animal Technology (STA), University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio Mattei
- Interdepartmental Service Centre-Station for Animal Technology (STA), University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy.,Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Grimaldi
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy.
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5
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Goodale LF, Hayrabedyan S, Todorova K, Roussev R, Ramu S, Stamatkin C, Coulam CB, Barnea ER, Gilbert RO. PreImplantation factor (PIF) protects cultured embryos against oxidative stress: relevance for recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) therapy. Oncotarget 2018; 8:32419-32432. [PMID: 28423690 PMCID: PMC5464799 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) affects 2-3% of couples. Despite a detailed work-up, the etiology is frequently undefined, leading to non-targeted therapy. Viable embryos and placentae express PreImplantation Factor (PIF). Maternal circulating PIF regulates systemic immunity and reduces circulating natural killer cells cytotoxicity in RPL patients. PIF promotes singly cultured embryos' development while anti-PIF antibody abrogates it. RPL serum induced embryo toxicity is negated by PIF. We report that PIF rescues delayed embryo development caused by <3 kDa RPL serum fraction likely by reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS). We reveal that protein disulfide isomerase/thioredoxin (PDI/TRX) is a prime PIF target in the embryo, rendering it an important ROS scavenger. The 16F16-PDI/TRX inhibitor drastically reduced blastocyst development while exogenous PIF increased >2 fold the number of embryos reaching the blastocyst stage. Mechanistically, PDI-inhibitor preferentially binds covalently to oxidized PDI over its reduced form where PIF avidly binds. PIF by targeting PDI/TRX at a distinct site limits the inhibitor's pro-oxidative effects. The >3kDa RPL serum increased embryo demise by three-fold, an effect negated by PIF. However, embryo toxicity was not associated with the presence of putative anti-PIF antibodies. Collectively, PIF protects cultured embryos both against ROS, and higher molecular weight toxins. Using PIF for optimizing in vitro fertilization embryos development and reducing RPL is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay F Goodale
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.,Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Soren Hayrabedyan
- Institute of Biology and Immunology of Reproduction, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Krassimira Todorova
- Institute of Biology and Immunology of Reproduction, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | | | - Sivakumar Ramu
- CARI Reproductive Institute, Chicago, IL, USA.,Promigen Life Sciences, Downers Grove, IL, USA
| | - Christopher Stamatkin
- CARI Reproductive Institute, Chicago, IL, USA.,Therapeutic Validation Core, Indiana University Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | | | - Eytan R Barnea
- BioIncept, LLC, Cherry Hill, NJ, USA.,Society for the Investigation of Early Pregnancy (SIEP), Cherry Hill, NJ, USA
| | - Robert O Gilbert
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.,Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, St. Kitts, West Indies
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"Naturalization" of Routine Assisted Reproductive Technologies by In Vitro Culture of Embryos with Microvibration: Sex Ratio, Body Length, and Weight of 2,456 Live-Birth Deliveries after Transfer of 9,624 Embryos In Vitro Cultured in Static System and with Microvibration. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2017:4964053. [PMID: 29423408 PMCID: PMC5750489 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4964053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Aim was to determine whether there is any difference in the sex ratio, body length, and body weight of 2,456 deliveries after transfer of 9,624 embryos derived using in vitro culture under static and mechanical microvibration conditions. Pronuclear embryos from 4435 patients were cultured in vitro under two different conditions: without (n = 4821) and with mechanical agitation (n = 4803). Sex ratio, body length, and weight of 2,456 live-birth deliveries after transfer of 9,624 embryos were noted. The proportion of males at birth was significantly associated with mode of in vitro culture of embryos only among women aged 40 years and older. The rate "body length" was significantly associated with mode of in vitro culture of embryos only among women aged 29 and younger. In the same time, among twins, this ratio positively associated with in vitro culture of embryos under microvibration only among women aged 30-34 years as well as ≥40 years and negatively among women aged 35-39 years. It was concluded that birth weight of infants was positively associated with mode of in vitro culture of embryos under microvibration among women of all age groups. This trial registration number is ISRCTN13773904, registered 6 April 2016.
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7
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Sandhu C, Qureshi A, Emili A. Panomics for Precision Medicine. Trends Mol Med 2017; 24:85-101. [PMID: 29217119 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 11/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Medicine is poised to undergo a digital transformation. High-throughput platforms are creating terabytes of genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic data. The challenge is to interpret these data in a meaningful manner - to uncover relationships that are not readily apparent between molecular profiles and states of health or disease. This will require the development of novel data pipelines and computational tools. The combined analysis of multi-dimensional data is referred to as 'panomics'. The ultimate hope of integrative panomics is that it will lead to the discovery and application of novel markers and targeted therapeutics that drive forward a new era of 'precision medicine' where inter-individual variation is accounted for in the treatment of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alia Qureshi
- Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrew Emili
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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8
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Prados N, Quiroga R, Caligara C, Ruiz M, Blasco V, Pellicer A, Fernández-Sánchez M. Elective single versus double embryo transfer: live birth outcome and patient acceptance in a prospective randomised trial. Reprod Fertil Dev 2017; 27:794-800. [PMID: 25128910 DOI: 10.1071/rd13412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine which strategy of embryo transfer has a better trade-off in live birth delivery rate versus multiple pregnancy considering patient acceptance: elective single embryo transfer (eSET) or elective double embryo transfer (eDET). In all, 199 women <38 years of age undergoing their first IVF treatment in a private centre were included in a prospective open-label randomised controlled trial. Patients were randomised into four groups: (1) eSET on Day 3; (2) eSET on Day 5; (3) eDET on Day 3; and (4) eDET on Day 5. Per patient, main analysis included acceptance of assigned group, as well as multiple and live birth delivery rates of the fresh cycle. Secondary analysis included the rates of subsequent cryotransfers and the theoretical cumulative success rate. Of 98 patients selected for eSET, 40% refused and preferred eDET. The live birth delivery rate after eDET was significantly higher after eDET versus eSET (65% vs 42%, respectively; odds ratio=1.6, 95% confidence interval 1.1-2.1). No multiple births were observed after eSET, compared with 35% after eDET. Although live birth delivery is higher with eDET, the increased risk of multiple births is avoided with eSET. Nearly half the patients refused eSET even after having been well informed about its benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás Prados
- Instituto Valenciano de Infertilidad (IVI) Sevilla, Avenida de la República Argentina 58, PC 41011, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Rocío Quiroga
- Instituto Valenciano de Infertilidad (IVI) Sevilla, Avenida de la República Argentina 58, PC 41011, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Cinzia Caligara
- Instituto Valenciano de Infertilidad (IVI) Sevilla, Avenida de la República Argentina 58, PC 41011, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Myriam Ruiz
- Instituto Valenciano de Infertilidad (IVI) Sevilla, Avenida de la República Argentina 58, PC 41011, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Víctor Blasco
- Instituto Valenciano de Infertilidad (IVI) Sevilla, Avenida de la República Argentina 58, PC 41011, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Antonio Pellicer
- Instituto Valenciano de Infertilidad (IVI), Parc Científic Universitat de València, Calle Catedrático Agustín Escardino 9, PC 46980, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Manuel Fernández-Sánchez
- Instituto Valenciano de Infertilidad (IVI) Sevilla, Avenida de la República Argentina 58, PC 41011, Sevilla, Spain
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McCallie BR, Parks JC, Patton AL, Griffin DK, Schoolcraft WB, Katz-Jaffe MG. Hypomethylation and Genetic Instability in Monosomy Blastocysts May Contribute to Decreased Implantation Potential. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159507. [PMID: 27434648 PMCID: PMC4951028 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation is a key epigenetic mechanism responsible for gene regulation, chromatin remodeling, and genome stability, playing a fundamental role during embryonic development. The aim of this study was to determine if these epigenetic marks are associated with chromosomal aneuploidy in human blastocysts. Surplus, cryopreserved blastocysts that were donated to research with IRB consent were chosen with varying chromosomal aneuploidies and respective implantation potential: monosomies and trisomies 7, 11, 15, 21, and 22. DNA methylation analysis was performed using the Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip (~485,000 CpG sites). The methylation profiles of these human blastocysts were found to be similar across all samples, independent of chromosome constitution; however, more detailed examination identified significant hypomethylation in the chromosome involved in the monosomy. Real-time PCR was also performed to determine if downstream messenger RNA (mRNA) was affected for genes on the monosomy chromosome. Gene dysregulation was observed for monosomy blastocysts within significant regions of hypo-methylation (AVEN, CYFIP1, FAM189A1, MYO9A, ADM2, PACSIN2, PARVB, and PIWIL3) (P < 0.05). Additional analysis was performed to examine the gene expression profiles of associated methylation regulators including: DNA methyltransferases (DNMT1, DNMT3A, DNMT3B, DNMT3L), chromatin modifying regulators (CSNK1E, KDM1, PRKCA), and a post-translational modifier (PRMT5). Decreased RNA transcription was confirmed for each DNMT, and the regulators that impact DNMT activity, for only monosomy blastocysts (P < 0.05). In summary, monosomy blastocysts displayed hypomethylation for the chromosome involved in the error, as well as transcription alterations of associated developmental genes. Together, these modifications may be contributing to genetic instability and therefore be responsible for the limited implantation potential observed for full monosomy blastocysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blair R. McCallie
- National Foundation for Fertility Research, Lone Tree, Colorado, 80124, United States of America
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, CT2 7NJ, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Jason C. Parks
- National Foundation for Fertility Research, Lone Tree, Colorado, 80124, United States of America
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, CT2 7NJ, United Kingdom
| | - Alyssa L. Patton
- National Foundation for Fertility Research, Lone Tree, Colorado, 80124, United States of America
| | - Darren K. Griffin
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, CT2 7NJ, United Kingdom
| | - William B. Schoolcraft
- Colorado Center for Reproductive Medicine, Lone Tree, Colorado, 80124, United States of America
| | - Mandy G. Katz-Jaffe
- National Foundation for Fertility Research, Lone Tree, Colorado, 80124, United States of America
- Colorado Center for Reproductive Medicine, Lone Tree, Colorado, 80124, United States of America
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10
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Maziarz A, Kocan B, Bester M, Budzik S, Cholewa M, Ochiya T, Banas A. How electromagnetic fields can influence adult stem cells: positive and negative impacts. Stem Cell Res Ther 2016; 7:54. [PMID: 27086866 PMCID: PMC4834823 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-016-0312-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The electromagnetic field (EMF) has a great impact on our body. It has been successfully used in physiotherapy for the treatment of bone disorders and osteoarthritis, as well as for cartilage regeneration or pain reduction. Recently, EMFs have also been applied in in vitro experiments on cell/stem cell cultures. Stem cells reside in almost all tissues within the human body, where they exhibit various potential. These cells are of great importance because they control homeostasis, regeneration, and healing. Nevertheless, stem cells when become cancer stem cells, may influence the pathological condition. In this article we review the current knowledge on the effects of EMFs on human adult stem cell biology, such as proliferation, the cell cycle, or differentiation. We present the characteristics of the EMFs used in miscellaneous assays. Most research has so far been performed during osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. It has been demonstrated that the effects of EMF stimulation depend on the intensity and frequency of the EMF and the time of exposure to it. However, other factors may affect these processes, such as growth factors, reactive oxygen species, and so forth. Exploration of this research area may enhance the development of EMF-based technologies used in medical applications and thereby improve stem cell-based therapy and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Maziarz
- Laboratory of Stem Cells' Biology, Department of Immunology, Chair of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rzeszow, ul. Kopisto 2a, 35-310, Rzeszow, Poland.,Centre for Innovative Research in Medical and Natural Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rzeszow, ul. Warzywna 1a, 35-310, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Beata Kocan
- Laboratory of Stem Cells' Biology, Department of Immunology, Chair of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rzeszow, ul. Kopisto 2a, 35-310, Rzeszow, Poland.,Centre for Innovative Research in Medical and Natural Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rzeszow, ul. Warzywna 1a, 35-310, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Mariusz Bester
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszow, ul. Pigonia 1, 35-310, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Sylwia Budzik
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszow, ul. Pigonia 1, 35-310, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Marian Cholewa
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszow, ul. Pigonia 1, 35-310, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Takahiro Ochiya
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, 104-0045, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Agnieszka Banas
- Laboratory of Stem Cells' Biology, Department of Immunology, Chair of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rzeszow, ul. Kopisto 2a, 35-310, Rzeszow, Poland. .,Centre for Innovative Research in Medical and Natural Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rzeszow, ul. Warzywna 1a, 35-310, Rzeszow, Poland.
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11
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Change of epigenetic modification and human reproduction. ASIAN PACIFIC JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTION 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apjr.2015.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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12
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Hoeijmakers L, Kempe H, Verschure PJ. Epigenetic imprinting during assisted reproductive technologies: The effect of temporal and cumulative fluctuations in methionine cycling on the DNA methylation state. Mol Reprod Dev 2016; 83:94-107. [PMID: 26660493 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.22605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lianne Hoeijmakers
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences; University of Amsterdam; Amsterdam the Netherlands
| | - Hermannus Kempe
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences; University of Amsterdam; Amsterdam the Netherlands
| | - Pernette J. Verschure
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences; University of Amsterdam; Amsterdam the Netherlands
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13
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Moreira P, Pérez-Cerezales S, Laguna R, Fernández-Gonzalez R, Sanjuanbenito BP, Gutiérrez-Adán A. Transgenic mouse offspring generated by ROSI. J Reprod Dev 2015; 62:37-42. [PMID: 26498042 PMCID: PMC4768777 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2015-105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The production of transgenic animals is an important tool for experimental and applied biology. Over the
years, many approaches for the production of transgenic animals have been tried, including pronuclear
microinjection, sperm-mediated gene transfer, transfection of male germ cells, somatic cell nuclear transfer
and the use of lentiviral vectors. In the present study, we developed a new transgene delivery approach, and
we report for the first time the production of transgenic animals by co-injection of DNA and round spermatid
nuclei into non-fertilized mouse oocytes (ROSI). The transgene used was a construct containing the human CMV
immediate early promoter and the enhanced GFP gene. With this procedure, 12% of the live offspring we obtained
carried the transgene. This efficiency of transgenic production by ROSI was similar to the efficiency by
pronuclear injection or intracytoplasmic injection of male gamete nuclei (ICSI). However, ICSI required fewer
embryos to produce the same number of transgenic animals. The expression of Egfp mRNA and
fluorescence of EGFP were found in the majority of the organs examined in 4 transgenic lines generated by
ROSI. Tissue morphology and transgene expression were not distinguishable between transgenic animals produced
by ROSI or pronuclear injection. Furthermore, our results are of particular interest because they indicate
that the transgene incorporation mediated by intracytoplasmic injection of male gamete nuclei is not an
exclusive property of mature sperm cell nuclei with compact chromatin but it can be accomplished with immature
sperm cell nuclei with decondensed chromatin as well. The present study also provides alternative procedures
for transgene delivery into embryos or reconstituted oocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Moreira
- Departamento de Reproducción Animal, INIA, Madrid 28040, Spain
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Chen B, Li S, Ren Q, Tong X, Zhang X, Kang L. Paternal epigenetic effects of population density on locust phase-related characteristics associated with heat-shock protein expression. Mol Ecol 2015; 24:851-62. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.13072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Revised: 01/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents; Institute of Zoology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100101 China
| | - Shaoqin Li
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory; College of Plant Science and Technology; Huazhong Agricultural University; Wuhan 430070 China
| | - Qiang Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents; Institute of Zoology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100101 China
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory; College of Plant Science and Technology; Huazhong Agricultural University; Wuhan 430070 China
| | - Xiwen Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents; Institute of Zoology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100101 China
| | - Xia Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Life Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100101 China
| | - Le Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents; Institute of Zoology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100101 China
- Beijing Institute of Life Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100101 China
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15
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Tavalaee M, Bahreinian M, Barekat F, Abbasi H, Nasr-Esfahani MH. Effect of varicocelectomy on sperm functional characteristics and DNA methylation. Andrologia 2014; 47:904-9. [DOI: 10.1111/and.12345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M. Tavalaee
- Department of Reproductive Biotechnology at Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center; Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR; Isfahan Iran
| | - M. Bahreinian
- Department of Reproductive Biotechnology at Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center; Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR; Isfahan Iran
| | - F. Barekat
- Department of Reproductive Biotechnology at Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center; Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR; Isfahan Iran
| | - H. Abbasi
- Isfahan Fertility and Infertility Center; Isfahan Iran
| | - M. H. Nasr-Esfahani
- Department of Reproductive Biotechnology at Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center; Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR; Isfahan Iran
- Isfahan Fertility and Infertility Center; Isfahan Iran
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Gao Q, Pan HT, Lin XH, Zhang JY, Jiang Y, Tian S, Chen LT, Liu ME, Xiong YM, Huang HF, Sheng JZ. Altered Protein Expression Profiles in Umbilical Veins: Insights into Vascular Dysfunctions of the Children Born after In Vitro Fertilization1. Biol Reprod 2014; 91:71. [DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.114.120659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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Effects of pulsed electromagnetic field on differentiation of HUES-17 human embryonic stem cell line. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:14180-90. [PMID: 25196518 PMCID: PMC4159845 DOI: 10.3390/ijms150814180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Revised: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Electromagnetic fields are considered to potentially affect embryonic development, but the mechanism is still unknown. In this study, human embryonic stem cell (hESC) line HUES-17 was applied to explore the mechanism of exposure on embryonic development to pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) for 400 pulses at different electric field intensities and the differentiation of HUES-17 cells was observed after PEMF exposure. The expression of alkaline phosphatase (AP), stage-specific embryonic antigen-3 (SSEA-3), SSEA-4 and the mRNA level and protein level of Oct4, Sox2 and Nanog in HUES-17 cells remained unchanged after PEMF exposure at the electric field intensities of 50, 100, 200 or 400 kV/m. Four hundred pulses PEMF exposure at the electric field intensities of 50, 100, 200 or 400 kV/m did not affect the differentiation of HUES-17 cells. The reason why electromagnetic fields affect embryonic development may be due to other mechanisms rather than affecting the differentiation of embryonic stem cells.
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Carson C, Redshaw M, Sacker A, Kelly Y, Kurinczuk JJ, Quigley MA. Effects of pregnancy planning, fertility, and assisted reproductive treatment on child behavioral problems at 5 and 7 years: evidence from the Millennium Cohort Study. Fertil Steril 2012; 99:456-63. [PMID: 23158833 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2012.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2012] [Revised: 10/03/2012] [Accepted: 10/17/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the effects of pregnancy planning, time to conception (TTC), and assisted reproductive technologies (ART) on child behavior. DESIGN Prospective cohort study. SETTING Not applicable. PATIENT(S) A total of 12,380 singletons recruited at 9 months and followed-up at 5 and 7 years. Conceptions were divided into "unplanned" (unplanned, unhappy), "mistimed" (unplanned, happy), "planned" (planned, TTC <12 months), "subfertile" (planned, TTC ≥ 12 months), "ovulation induced" (received clomiphene citrate), and "ART" (IVF or intracytoplasmic sperm injection). INTERVENTION(S) None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Child behavior (Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire [SDQ]). RESULT(S) Mistimed and unplanned children had higher average SDQ scores at age 5 and 7 years and were significantly more likely to have a clinically relevant behavioral problem compared with the planned group. The ART children had significantly higher average SDQ scores at both 5 and 7 years compared with the planned group. An increase in clinically relevant behavioral problems was observed at 5 years (odds ratio 2.05 [95% confidence interval 0.96, 4.42]) but failed to reach statistical significance. No effects were observed in the subfertile and ovulation-induced groups. CONCLUSION(S) Unplanned and mistimed children exhibit more behavioral problems than their planned peers. Though ART children have higher mean total difficulties scores, this did not translate into a statistically significant increase in clinically relevant behavioral problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Carson
- National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
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Zhu JL, Obel C, Basso O, Henriksen TB, Bech BH, Hvidtjørn D, Olsen J. Infertility, infertility treatment and behavioural problems in the offspring. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 2011; 25:466-77. [PMID: 21819428 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3016.2011.01220.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Behavioural patterns in children of infertile couples may be influenced by both the underlying causes of infertility and stress in the couples. Treatment procedures, such as culture media and manipulation of gametes and embryos, may also result in developmental problems. We examined behavioural problems in children as a function of infertility and infertility treatment, using data from three population-based birth cohorts in Denmark (Aalborg-Odense Birth Cohort, Aarhus Birth Cohort and Danish National Birth Cohort). Information on time to pregnancy and infertility treatment was collected during pregnancy. Children aged between 7 and 21 years were assessed using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). The SDQ was completed by mothers in all cohorts and, in addition, by teachers in the Aarhus cohort and by children themselves in the Aalborg-Odense cohort. Children born after a time to pregnancy of >12 months and no infertility treatment had a behavioural pattern similar to children of fertile parents. Teachers reported a higher total difficulties score for children born after infertility treatment, but no significant differences were seen on any subscales of the teachers' report, and neither the mothers nor the children reported any differences on the total difficulties score and the prosocial behaviour score. Our results are thus overall reassuring regarding behavioural problems in children born to infertile couples, regardless of infertility treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Liang Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Aarhus Department of Paediatrics, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
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20
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Rajender S, Avery K, Agarwal A. Epigenetics, spermatogenesis and male infertility. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2011; 727:62-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2011.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2010] [Revised: 04/07/2011] [Accepted: 04/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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21
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Epigenetic regulatory mechanisms associated with infertility. Obstet Gynecol Int 2010; 2010. [PMID: 20814440 PMCID: PMC2929612 DOI: 10.1155/2010/198709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2009] [Accepted: 06/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Infertility is a complex human condition and is known to be caused by numerous factors including genetic alterations and abnormalities. Increasing evidence from studies has associated perturbed epigenetic mechanisms with spermatogenesis and infertility. However, there has been no consensus on whether one or a collective of these altered states is responsible for the onset of infertility. Epigenetic alterations involve changes in factors that regulate gene expression without altering the physical sequence of DNA. Understanding these altered epigenetic states at the genomic level along with higher order organisation of chromatin in genes associated with infertility and pericentromeric regions of chromosomes, particularly 9 and Y, could further identify causes of idiopathic infertility. Determining the association between DNA methylation, chromatin state, and noncoding RNAs with the phenotype could further determine what possible mechanisms are involved. This paper reviews certain mechanisms of epigenetic regulation with particular emphasis on their possible role in infertility.
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22
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Paradise WA, Vesper BJ, Goel A, Waltonen JD, Altman KW, Haines GK, Radosevich JA. Nitric oxide: perspectives and emerging studies of a well known cytotoxin. Int J Mol Sci 2010; 11:2715-45. [PMID: 20717533 PMCID: PMC2920563 DOI: 10.3390/ijms11072715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2010] [Revised: 06/17/2010] [Accepted: 07/13/2010] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The free radical nitric oxide (NO•) is known to play a dual role in human physiology and pathophysiology. At low levels, NO• can protect cells; however, at higher levels, NO• is a known cytotoxin, having been implicated in tumor angiogenesis and progression. While the majority of research devoted to understanding the role of NO• in cancer has to date been tissue-specific, we herein review underlying commonalities of NO• which may well exist among tumors arising from a variety of different sites. We also discuss the role of NO• in human physiology and pathophysiology, including the very important relationship between NO• and the glutathione-transferases, a class of protective enzymes involved in cellular protection. The emerging role of NO• in three main areas of epigenetics—DNA methylation, microRNAs, and histone modifications—is then discussed. Finally, we describe the recent development of a model cell line system in which human tumor cell lines were adapted to high NO• (HNO) levels. We anticipate that these HNO cell lines will serve as a useful tool in the ongoing efforts to better understand the role of NO• in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- William A. Paradise
- Center for Molecular Biology of Oral Diseases, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; E-Mails: (W.A.P.); (B.J.V.)
- Department of Jesse Brown, Veterans Administration Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Benjamin J. Vesper
- Center for Molecular Biology of Oral Diseases, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; E-Mails: (W.A.P.); (B.J.V.)
- Department of Jesse Brown, Veterans Administration Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Ajay Goel
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles A. Sammons Cancer Center and Baylor Research Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75246, USA; E-Mail:
| | - Joshua D. Waltonen
- Department of Otolaryngology, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA; E-Mail:
| | | | - G. Kenneth Haines
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; E-Mail:
| | - James A. Radosevich
- Center for Molecular Biology of Oral Diseases, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; E-Mails: (W.A.P.); (B.J.V.)
- Department of Jesse Brown, Veterans Administration Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail:
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Abstract
The purpose of this article was to review follow up studies of children with prenatal drug exposure from preschool through adolescence. Specifically, the authors focus on the effects of prenatal exposure to cocaine, methamphetamine, and opiates on behavior and development. The largest number of studies have examined cocaine-exposed children. The authors identified 42 studies that suggest that there are unique effects of prenatal cocaine exposure on 4- to 13-year-old children, particularly in the areas of behavior problems, attention, language, and cognition. In addition, studies make reasonable attempts to control for possible confounding factors. Systematic research on the long-term effects of prenatal methamphetamine exposure is just beginning but seems to be showing similar effects to that of cocaine. The literature on the on the long-term effects of children with prenatal opiate exposure is more substantial than the methamphetamine literature but it is still relatively sparse and surprising in that there is little recent work. Thus, there are no studies on the current concerns with opiates used for prescription mediation. There is a growing literature using neuroimaging techniques to study the effects of prenatal drug exposure that holds promise for understanding brain/behavior relationships. In addition to pharmacological and teratogenic effects, drugs can also be viewed from a prenatal stressor model. The author discuss this "fetal origins" approach that involves fetal programming and the neuroendocrine system and the potential implications for adolescent brain and behavioral development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry M Lester
- Brown Center for the Study of Children at Risk, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Women and Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, Providence, RI 02905, USA.
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24
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Skewed X inactivation and IVF-conceived infants. Reprod Biomed Online 2010; 20:660-3. [PMID: 20207584 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2010.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2009] [Revised: 09/18/2009] [Accepted: 12/17/2009] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate whether skewed X chromosome inactivation (XCI) is associated with IVF. A retrospective cohort study was performed comprising 30 female infants conceived by IVF and 44 naturally conceived control infants matched for gestational age and sex. Cord blood DNA samples were obtained and XCI patterns were analysed using a methylation-sensitive assay. Eight IVF samples and 13 control samples were excluded from the study because they were either homozygous or alleles were too similar for the assay to determine skewing. Mildly skewed XCI (80-90% inactivation of one allele) was present in two of 22 (9.1%) IVF samples and two of 31 (6.5%) control samples. Extremely skewed XCI (>90% inactivation of one allele) was found in two of 22 (9.1%) IVF samples and none of 31 control samples. Neither difference was statistically significant. However, the mean degree of skewed XCI in the IVF group was 72.0% and in the control group was 62.4% (P=0.002). Larger studies are needed to clarify the relationship between IVF and skewed XCI.
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Abstract
Worldwide use of assisted reproductive technology (ART) accounts for an estimated 1 to 3% of births. Since 2002, a series of reports have suggested an increased risk of imprinting disorders (Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome and Angelman syndrome) in children conceived by ART. Definitive conclusions are difficult to substantiate due to the rarity of imprinting disorders and the variability in ART protocols. Despite these limitations, there is biological plausibility for alteration in nongenomic inheritance caused by ART. Animal studies have shown that ART procedures can alter normal imprinting, specifically DNA methylation patterns. Collectively, studies suggest an association between ART and loss of maternal methylation. More recent reports examined a possible association between ART and global hypomethylation of DNA. Three other imprinting disorders (Silver-Russell syndrome, maternal hypomethylation syndrome, and retinoblastoma) have also been implicated, but there is insufficient evidence to establish an association of these syndromes with ART. Based on current evidence, the absolute risk of imprinting disorders after ART remains small and does not warrant routine screening. Large prospective studies are needed to better understand the risks associated with imprinting disorders, imprinting defects, and ART.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carter M Owen
- Reproductive Biology and Medicine Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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26
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Johnson KJ, Carozza SE, Chow EJ, Fox EE, Horel S, McLaughlin CC, Mueller BA, Puumala SE, Reynolds P, Behren JV, Spector LG. Parental age and risk of childhood cancer: a pooled analysis. Epidemiology 2009; 20:475-83. [PMID: 19373093 PMCID: PMC2738598 DOI: 10.1097/ede.0b013e3181a5a332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few risk factors for childhood cancer are well-established. We investigated whether advancing parental age increases childhood cancer risk. METHODS We assessed the relationship between parental age and childhood cancer in a case-control study using pooled population-based data. Our pooling was based on linked cancer and birth registry records from New York, Washington, Minnesota, Texas, and California. Subjects included 17,672 cancer cases diagnosed at ages 0-14 years during 1980-2004 and 57,966 controls born during 1970-2004. Individuals with Down syndrome were excluded. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated by logistic regression for the association between parental age and childhood cancer after adjustment for sex, birth weight, gestational age, birth order, plurality, maternal race, birth year, and state. RESULTS Positive linear trends per 5-year maternal age increase were observed for childhood cancers overall (odds ratio = 1.08 [95% confidence interval = 1.06-1.10]) and 7 of the 10 most frequent diagnostic groups: leukemia (1.08 [1.05-1.11]), lymphoma (1.06 [1.01-1.12]), central nervous system tumors (1.07 [1.03-1.10]), neuroblastoma (1.09 [1.04-1.15]), Wilms' tumor (1.16 [1.09-1.22]), bone tumors (1.10 [1.00-1.20]), and soft tissue sarcomas (1.10 [1.04-1.17]). No maternal age effect was noted for retinoblastoma, germ cell tumors, or hepatoblastoma. Paternal age was not independently associated with most childhood cancers after adjustment for maternal age. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that older maternal age increases risk for most common childhood cancers. Investigation into possible mechanisms for this association is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly J. Johnson
- Division of Epidemiology/Clinical Research, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Susan E. Carozza
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Rural Public Health, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, TX
| | - Eric J. Chow
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Erin E. Fox
- Cancer Epidemiology and Surveillance Branch, Texas Department of State Health Services, Austin, TX
| | - Scott Horel
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Rural Public Health, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, TX
| | | | - Beth A. Mueller
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Susan E. Puumala
- Division of Epidemiology/Clinical Research, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | | | | | - Logan G. Spector
- Division of Epidemiology/Clinical Research, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
- University of Minnesota Masonic Cancer Center, Minneapolis, MN
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Baart EB, Macklon NS, Fauser BJCM. Ovarian stimulation and embryo quality. Reprod Biomed Online 2009; 18 Suppl 2:45-50. [DOI: 10.1016/s1472-6483(10)60448-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Mukri F, Bourne T, Bottomley C, Schoeb C, Kirk E, Papageorghiou AT. Evidence of early first-trimester growth restriction in pregnancies that subsequently end in miscarriage. BJOG 2008; 115:1273-8. [PMID: 18715413 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2008.01833.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine whether viable early pregnancies that subsequently end in miscarriage exhibit evidence of first-trimester growth restriction. DESIGN Prospective cohort study. SETTING Early pregnancy unit (EPU) of a teaching hospital. POPULATION Women attending EPU between 5 and 10 weeks of gestation. METHODS Women with spontaneously conceived intrauterine, viable singleton pregnancies with certain last menstrual period and regular cycles were included. The deviation between the observed and expected crown-rump length (CRL) for gestation was calculated and expressed as a z score. Pregnancies were followed up until the 11-14 week scan, and the deviation between those that remained viable and miscarried subsequently was calculated. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Viability at 11-14 week scan. RESULTS Over 6 months, 316 women met the inclusion criteria. Twenty-four (7.4%) women were excluded. Of the remaining 292, the pregnancy remained viable in 251 (86%) and 41 (14%) suffered a miscarriage. At the first transvaginal ultrasound, the z score of the mean measured CRL for pregnancies that remained viable was -0.82, SD 1.46, while in pregnancies that subsequently miscarried the z score was -2.42 and the CRL was significantly smaller, SD 1.31 (P < 0.0001). In the latter group, the initial CRL was below the expected mean for gestational age in all women, while in 61% (25/41), the CRL was at least 2 SDs below the expected mean. CONCLUSIONS CRL was significantly smaller in pregnancies that subsequently ended in miscarriage. This suggests that early first-trimester growth restriction is associated with subsequent intrauterine death.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Mukri
- Early Pregnancy, Gynaecological Ultrasound and MAS Unit, St George's Hospital, London, UK.
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29
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Crespi B. Genomic imprinting in the development and evolution of psychotic spectrum conditions. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2008; 83:441-93. [PMID: 18783362 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-185x.2008.00050.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
I review and evaluate genetic and genomic evidence salient to the hypothesis that the development and evolution of psychotic spectrum conditions have been mediated in part by alterations of imprinted genes expressed in the brain. Evidence from the genetics and genomics of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depression, Prader-Willi syndrome, Klinefelter syndrome, and other neurogenetic conditions support the hypothesis that the etiologies of psychotic spectrum conditions commonly involve genetic and epigenetic imbalances in the effects of imprinted genes, with a bias towards increased relative effects from imprinted genes with maternal expression or other genes favouring maternal interests. By contrast, autistic spectrum conditions, including Kanner autism, Asperger syndrome, Rett syndrome, Turner syndrome, Angelman syndrome, and Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome, commonly engender increased relative effects from paternally expressed imprinted genes, or reduced effects from genes favouring maternal interests. Imprinted-gene effects on the etiologies of autistic and psychotic spectrum conditions parallel the diametric effects of imprinted genes in placental and foetal development, in that psychotic spectrum conditions tend to be associated with undergrowth and relatively-slow brain development, whereas some autistic spectrum conditions involve brain and body overgrowth, especially in foetal development and early childhood. An important role for imprinted genes in the etiologies of psychotic and autistic spectrum conditions is consistent with neurodevelopmental models of these disorders, and with predictions from the conflict theory of genomic imprinting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Crespi
- Department of Biosciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby BCV5A1S6, Canada.
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Deb KD, Jayaprakash AD, Sharma V, Totey S. Embryonic stem cells: from markers to market. Rejuvenation Res 2008; 11:19-37. [PMID: 17973601 DOI: 10.1089/rej.2007.0558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Embryonic stem cells are considered the mother of all kinds of tissues and cells and it is envisioned as the holy grail of regenerative medicine. However, their use in cell replacement therapies (CRT) has so far been limited and their potentials are yet to be fully realized. The use of human embryonic stem cells (hESC) involves many safety issues pertaining to culture conditions and epigenetic changes. The role and importance of an epigenomic signature in derivation and maintenance of hESC are discussed. We provide a list of important epigenetic markers, which should be studied for evaluation of safety in hESC-based cell replacement therapies. These genes also need to be screened to determine an epigenetic signature for pluripotency in the hESCs. Finally a comprehensive list of all known stemness signature genes and the marker genes for different germ line lineages are presented. This review aims at summing up most of the intriguing molecules that can play a role in the maintenance of pluripotency and can help in determining hESC differentiation to various lineages. Extensive understanding of these markers will eventually help the researchers to transform the hESC research from bench to the bedside. The use of hESCs in CRTs is still in its infancy; much effort is warranted to turn them into the much dreamed about magic wand of regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaushik Dilip Deb
- Embryonic Stem Cells Program, Manipal Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal University Branch Campus, Bangalore, India
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31
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Collas P, Noer A, Sørensen AL. Epigenetic Basis for the Differentiation Potential of Mesenchymal and Embryonic Stem Cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 35:205-215. [PMID: 21547118 DOI: 10.1159/000127449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2007] [Accepted: 02/06/2008] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY: Stem cells have the ability to self-renew, and give rise to one or more differentiated cell types. Embryonic stem cells can differentiate into all cell types of the body and have unlimited self-renewal capacity. Somatic stem cells are found in many adult tissues. They have an extensive but finite lifespan and can differentiate into a more restricted range of cell types. Increasing evidence indicates that the multilineage differentiation ability of stem cells is defined by the potential for expression of developmentally regulated transcription factors and of lineage specification genes. Gene expression, or as emphasized here, the potential for gene expression, is largely controlled by epigenetic modifications of DNA (DNA methylation) and chromatin (such as post-translational histone modifications) in the regulatory regions of specific genes. Epigenetic modifications can also influence the timing of DNA replication. We highlight here how mechanisms by which genes are poised for transcription in undifferentiated stem cells are being uncovered through the mapping of DNA methylation profiles on differentiation-regulated promoters and at the genome-wide level, histone modifications, and transcription factor binding. Epigenetic marks on developmentally regulated and lineage specification genes in stem cells seem to define a state of pluripotency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Collas
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway
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32
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Assisted Reproductive Technology, Congenital Malformations, and Epigenetic Disease. Clin Obstet Gynecol 2008; 51:96-105. [DOI: 10.1097/grf.0b013e318161d25a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Prindull GA, Fibach E. Are postnatal hemangioblasts generated by dedifferentiation from committed hematopoietic stem cells? Exp Hematol 2007; 35:691-701. [PMID: 17577919 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2007.01.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Cell dedifferentiation occurs in different cell systems. In spite of a relative paucity of data it seems reasonable to assume that cell dedifferentiation exists in reversible equilibrium with differentiation, to which cells resort in response to intercellular signals. The current literature is indeed compatible with the concept that dedifferentiation is guided by structural rearrangements of nuclear chromatin, directed by epigenetic cell memory information available as silenced genes stored on heterochromatin, and that gene transcription exists in reversible "fluctuating continua" during parental cell cycles. Here, we review the molecular mechanisms of cell dedifferentiation and suggest for hematopoietic development that postnatal hemangioblasts are generated by dedifferentiation of committed hematopoietic stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregor A Prindull
- Department of Pediatrics,University of Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Strasse 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany.
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Abstract
In opposition to terminally differentiated cells, stem cells can self-renew and give rise to multiple cell types. Embryonic stem cells retain the ability of the inner cell mass of blastocysts to differentiate into all cell types of the body and have acquired in culture unlimited self-renewal capacity. Somatic stem cells are found in many adult tissues, have an extensive but finite lifespan and can differentiate into a more restricted array of cell types. A growing body of evidence indicates that multi-lineage differentiation ability of stem cells can be defined by the potential for expression of lineage-specification genes. Gene expression, or as emphasized here, potential for gene expression, is largely controlled by epigenetic modifications of DNA and chromatin on genomic regulatory and coding regions. These modifications modulate chromatin organization not only on specific genes but also at the level of the whole nucleus; they can also affect timing of DNA replication. This review highlights how mechanisms by which genes are poised for transcription in undifferentiated stem cells are being uncovered through primarily the mapping of DNA methylation, histone modifications and transcription factor binding throughout the genome. The combinatorial association of epigenetic marks on developmentally regulated and lineage-specifying genes in undifferentiated cells seems to define a pluripotent state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Collas
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway.
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Abstract
A significant portion of ongoing epigenetic research involves the investigation of DNA methylation and chromatin modification patterns seen throughout many biological processes. Over the last few years, epigenetic research has undergone a gradual shift and recent studies have been directed toward a genome-wide assessment. DNA methylation and chromatin modifications are essential components of the regulation of gene activity. DNA methylation effectively down-regulates gene activity by addition of a methyl group to the five-carbon of a cytosine base. Less specifically, modification of the chromatin structure can be carried out by multiple mechanisms leading to either the upregulation or down-regulation of the associated gene. Of the many assays used to assess the effects of epigenetic modifications, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), which serves to monitor changes in chromatin structure, and bisulfite modification, which tracks changes in DNA methylation, are the two most commonly used techniques.
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Lebedev IN, Puzyrev VP. Epigenetic perspectives of safety in assisted reproductive technologies. RUSS J GENET+ 2007. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795407090013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Thamotharan M, Garg M, Oak S, Rogers LM, Pan G, Sangiorgi F, Lee PWN, Devaskar SU. Transgenerational inheritance of the insulin-resistant phenotype in embryo-transferred intrauterine growth-restricted adult female rat offspring. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2007; 292:E1270-9. [PMID: 17213472 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00462.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
To determine mechanisms underlying the transgenerational presence of metabolic perturbations in the intrauterine growth-restricted second-generation adult females (F2 IUGR) despite normalizing the in utero metabolic environment, we examined in vivo glucose kinetics and in vitro skeletal muscle postinsulin receptor signaling after embryo transfer of first generation (F1 IUGR) to control maternal environment. Female F2 rats, procreated by F1 pre- and postnatally nutrient- and growth-restricted (IUGR) mothers but embryo transferred to gestate in control mothers, were compared with similarly gestating age- and sex-matched control (CON) F2 progeny. Although there were no differences in birth weight or postnatal growth patterns, the F2 IUGR had increased hepatic weight, fasting hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and unsuppressed hepatic glucose production, with no change in glucose futile cycling or clearance, compared with F2 CON. These hormonal and metabolic aberrations were associated with increased skeletal muscle total GLUT4 and pAkt concentrations but decreased plasma membrane-associated GLUT4, total pPKCzeta, and PKCzeta enzyme activity, with no change in total SHP2 and PTP1B concentrations in IUGR F2 compared with F2 CON. We conclude that transgenerational presence of aberrant glucose/insulin metabolism and skeletal muscle insulin signaling of the adult F2 IUGR female offspring is independent of the immediate intrauterine environment, supporting nutritionally induced heritable mechanisms contributing to the epidemic of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manikkavasagar Thamotharan
- Division of Neonatology and Developmental Biology, Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles
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Ahuja YR, Vijayalakshmi V, Polasa K. Stem cell test: A practical tool in toxicogenomics. Toxicology 2007; 231:1-10. [PMID: 17208344 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2006.11.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2006] [Revised: 11/15/2006] [Accepted: 11/15/2006] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
During early embryonic development, at blastocyst stage, the embryo has an outer coat of cells and an inner cell mass (ICM). ICM is the reservoir of embryonic stem (ES) cells, which are pluripotent, i.e., have the potential to differentiate into all cell types of the body. Cell lines have been developed from ES cells. In addition, there are embryonic germ (EG) cell lines developed from progenitor germ cells, and embryonic carcinoma (EC) cell lines developed from teratomas. These cell lines are being used for the study of basic and applied aspects in medical therapeutics, and disease management. Another potential of these cell lines is in the field of environmental mutagenesis. In addition to ES cells, there are adult stem cells in and around different organs and tissues of the body. It is now possible to grow pure populations of specific cell types from these adult stem cells. Treating specific cell types with chemical or physical agents and measuring their response offers a shortcut to test the toxicity in various organ systems in the adult organism. For example, to evaluate the genotoxicity of a chemical (e.g., drug or pesticide) or a physical agent (e.g., ionizing radiation or non-ionizing electromagnetic radiation) during embryonic development, a large number of animals are being used. As an alternative, use of stem cell lines would be a feasible proposition. Using stem cell lines, efforts are being made to standardize the protocols, which will not only be useful in testing the toxicity of a chemical or a physical agent, but also in the field of drug development, environmental mutagenesis, biomonitoring and other studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y R Ahuja
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Vasavi Medical & Research Centre, 6-1-91 Khairatabad, Hyderabad 500004, India.
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Arányi T, Páldi A. The constant variation: DNA methylation changes during preimplantation development. FEBS Lett 2006; 580:6521-6. [PMID: 17134704 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2006.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2006] [Revised: 10/30/2006] [Accepted: 11/08/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Studies on the DNA methylation changes in the mouse preimplantation embryo suggested a simple and attractive model explaining the process believed to be general in mammals. However, recent reports revealed marked differences between different species that abrogates the universal validity of the model. In order to find an explanation to the differences, we have analyzed the published mouse data and compared them to the observations available in other species. The emerging common theme is the high variability of the methylation at all scales of observation and all levels of organization. This variability is the likely consequence of a dynamic and active redistribution process of the cytosine methylation in the genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamás Arányi
- Institute of Enzymology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Karolina ut 29, 1113 Budapest, Hungary.
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Bibikova M, Chudin E, Wu B, Zhou L, Garcia EW, Liu Y, Shin S, Plaia TW, Auerbach JM, Arking DE, Gonzalez R, Crook J, Davidson B, Schulz TC, Robins A, Khanna A, Sartipy P, Hyllner J, Vanguri P, Savant-Bhonsale S, Smith AK, Chakravarti A, Maitra A, Rao M, Barker DL, Loring JF, Fan JB. Human embryonic stem cells have a unique epigenetic signature. Genes Dev 2006; 16:1075-83. [PMID: 16899657 PMCID: PMC1557765 DOI: 10.1101/gr.5319906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2006] [Accepted: 06/22/2006] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Human embryonic stem (hES) cells originate during an embryonic period of active epigenetic remodeling. DNA methylation patterns are likely to be critical for their self-renewal and pluripotence. We compared the DNA methylation status of 1536 CpG sites (from 371 genes) in 14 independently isolated hES cell lines with five other cell types: 24 cancer cell lines, four adult stem cell populations, four lymphoblastoid cell lines, five normal human tissues, and an embryonal carcinoma cell line. We found that the DNA methylation profile clearly distinguished the hES cells from all of the other cell types. A subset of 49 CpG sites from 40 genes contributed most to the differences among cell types. Another set of 25 sites from 23 genes distinguished hES cells from normal differentiated cells and can be used as biomarkers to monitor differentiation. Our results indicate that hES cells have a unique epigenetic signature that may contribute to their developmental potential.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bonnie Wu
- Illumina, Inc., San Diego, California 92121, USA
| | - Lixin Zhou
- Illumina, Inc., San Diego, California 92121, USA
| | | | - Ying Liu
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
| | - Soojung Shin
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
| | - Todd W. Plaia
- Stem Cell Center, American Type Culture Collection, Manassas, Virginia 20108, USA
| | - Jonathan M. Auerbach
- Stem Cell Center, American Type Culture Collection, Manassas, Virginia 20108, USA
| | - Dan E. Arking
- McKusick—Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Rodolfo Gonzalez
- Stem Cell Center, Burnham Institute for Medical Research, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Jeremy Crook
- ES Cell International, The Gemini 117610, Singapore
| | | | | | | | - Aparna Khanna
- Reliance Life Sciences Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai 400 701, India
| | | | | | | | | | - Alan K. Smith
- Cognate Therapeutics, Inc., Baltimore, Maryland 21227, USA
| | - Aravinda Chakravarti
- McKusick—Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Anirban Maitra
- McKusick—Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Mahendra Rao
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
| | | | - Jeanne F. Loring
- Stem Cell Center, Burnham Institute for Medical Research, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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