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Wang F, Zhang G, Zhou Y, Yang X, Zhou L, Yuan J, Fei X, Zhu Z, Liu D. The expanded effects of sevoflurane on the nervous system: the harmful effect of residual concentration of sevoflurane on the respiratory system through neurogenic inflammation. IBRAIN 2021; 7:68-79. [PMID: 37786912 PMCID: PMC10529160 DOI: 10.1002/j.2769-2795.2021.tb00068.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Background Neurogenic inflammation caused by sevoflurane may not only limite to the nervous system, but also expand to the respiratory system. The purpose of this study was to investigate the expression changes of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1), neurokinin A (NKA), neurokinin B (NKB), calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP) and substance P (SP) in 14, 21 and 42-day-old rats after inhaling 0.4% sevoflurane, in order to evaluate whether the residual sevoflurane be harmful to the respiratory system through neurogenic inflammation. Methods The anesthetic inhalation device was designed to allow 14, 21 and 42-day-old rats inhale 0.4% sevoflurane, while rats in the control group inhaled 40% O2 for 1h. Rats in the antagonist group inhaled 0.4% sevoflurane or 40% O2 for 1 h after Capsazepine (CPZ) pretreatment. The expression of TRPV1 in lung tissue was detected by western blot, and the expression of NKA, NKB, CGRP and SP in trachea was detected by immunohistochemistry. Results After inhaling 0.4% sevoflurane, the expression of TRPV1 in lung tissue of 14 and 21-day-old rats was significantly higher than that of the control group, as well as increased the expression of CGRP and SP in the trachea of 14-day-old rats and NKA, NKB, CGRP and SP in the trachea of 21-day-old rats. CPZ pretreatment could antagonize these effects. Conclusion Residual sevoflurane during resuscitation of inhalation anesthesia could induce neurogenic inflammation by activating TRPV1, which damaged to the developing respiratory system, but has no significant effect on the respiratory system in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng‐Lin Wang
- Department of AnesthesiologyAffiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiGuizhouChina
| | - Guang‐Ting Zhang
- Department of AnesthesiologyAffiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiGuizhouChina
| | - Yan‐Nan Zhou
- Department of AnesthesiologyAffiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiGuizhouChina
| | - Xin‐Xin Yang
- Department of AnesthesiologyAffiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiGuizhouChina
| | - Lin Zhou
- Department of AnesthesiologyAffiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiGuizhouChina
| | - Jie Yuan
- Department of AnesthesiologyAffiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiGuizhouChina
| | - Xia Fei
- Department of AnesthesiologyAffiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiGuizhouChina
| | - Zhao‐Qiong Zhu
- Department of AnesthesiologyAffiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiGuizhouChina
| | - De‐Xing Liu
- Soochow University Medical CollegeSuzhouJiangsuChina
- Department of AnesthesiologyAffiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiGuizhouChina
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Liu D, Yuan J, Fei X, Zhu Y, Zhou Y, Zhang C, Dong L, Zhu Z. Effects of inhalation of sevoflurane at different concentrations on TRPV1 in airways of rats at different developmental stages. Life Sci 2020; 249:117472. [PMID: 32112870 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Aim Determine changes in the expressions of the ion channel-TRPV1-and neuropeptides-NKA, NKB, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), and SP-in 14-, 21-, and 42-day-old rats after inhaling 1.5% and 2.6% sevoflurane. MAIN METHODS A small in-house inhalation anesthesia chamber was designed to allow 14-, 21-, and 42-day-old rats inhale 1.5% and 2.6% sevoflurane, and rats in the control group inhaled carrier gas(1 L/min air +1 L/min O2). In addition, 14- and 21-day-old rats were pretreated with capsazepine, followed by inhalation of 1.5% and 2.6% sevoflurane or the carrier gas. The expression of TRPV1 in lung tissues was detected by Western blotting, whereas the expressions of NKA, NKB, CGRP, and SP in the trachea were detected by immunohistochemistry. KEY FINDINGS After inhalation of 1.5% sevoflurane, the expression of TRPV1 in the lung tissues of 14- and 21-day-old rats was significantly increased compared with that in the control group, which was antagonized by capsazepine pretreatment. Moreover, inhalation of 1.5% sevoflurane markedly increased the expressions of NKA, NKB, CGRP, and SP in the trachea of 21-day-old rats and of NKB, CGRP, and SP in the trachea of 14-day-old rats. The expressions of these molecules were antagonized by capsazepine pretreatment. Conversely, inhalation of 2.6% sevoflurane decreased the expressions of NKA and NKB in the trachea of 42-day-old rats. SIGNIFICANCE Sevoflurane did not upregulate the expression of TRPV1 in the airways of late-developing rats. This anesthetic may have a two-way effect on airways, resulting in considerable effects in pediatric clinical anesthesia management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dexing Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Jie Yuan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Xia Fei
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Yuhang Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Yannan Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Liang Dong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Zhaoqiong Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China.
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Dylag AM, Raffay TM. Rodent models of respiratory control and respiratory system development-Clinical significance. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2019; 268:103249. [PMID: 31315068 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2019.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The newborn infant's respiratory system must rapidly adapt to extra-uterine life. Neonatal rat and mouse models have been used to investigate early development of respiratory control and reactivity in both health and disease. This review highlights several rodent models of control of breathing and respiratory system development (including pulmonary function), discusses their translational strengths and limitations, and underscores the importance of creating clinically relevant models applicable to the human infant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M Dylag
- Division of Neonatology, Golisano Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Thomas M Raffay
- Division of Neonatology, Rainbow Babies & Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States.
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4
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Modified porcine surfactant enriched by recombinant human superoxide dismutase for experimental meconium aspiration syndrome. Life Sci 2018; 203:121-128. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Pabelick CM, Thompson MA, Britt RD. Effects of Hyperoxia on the Developing Airway and Pulmonary Vasculature. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 967:179-194. [PMID: 29047087 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-63245-2_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Although it is necessary and part of standard practice, supplemental oxygen (40-90% O2) or hyperoxia is a significant contributing factor to development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia, persistent pulmonary hypertension, recurrent wheezing, and asthma in preterm infants. This chapter discusses hyperoxia and the role of redox signaling in the context of neonatal lung growth and disease. Here, we discuss how hyperoxia promotes dysfunction in the airway and the known redox-mediated mechanisms that are important for postnatal vascular and alveolar development. Whether in the airway or alveoli, redox pathways are important and greatly influence the neonatal lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina M Pabelick
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 4-184 W Jos SMH, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA. .,Departments Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 4-184 W Jos SMH, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
| | - Michael A Thompson
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 4-184 W Jos SMH, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Rodney D Britt
- Departments Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 4-184 W Jos SMH, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
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Neziri B, Daci A, Krasniqi S, Sopi R, Haxhiu MA. The impact of bilateral vagotomy on the physostigmine-induced airway constriction in ferrets. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2017; 242:102-107. [PMID: 28445778 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2017.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Vagal innervations have a great role in the respiratory function and are the main route of signal transmission from respiratory neural centers into the trachea and others conducting airways. We have investigated the role of central mechanisms related to vagal neural pathways and the cholinergic outflow in tracheobronchial smooth muscle tone and lung mechanics parameters. Parameters of lung mechanics such as lung resistance (RL), dynamic compliance (Cdyn) and pressure in bypassed tracheal segment (Ptseg) were measured before and after vagotomy and asphyxia test. Before vagotomy (BV), the control measurements were obtained and physostigmine was administered systemically, in increasing dose 10, 40 and 100μg/kg body weight (bw) with 15min interval between doses. After vagotomy (AV), administration of physostigmine with the same doses as BV has been done and the asphyxia challenge was conducted as per study protocol. The values of Ptseg and RL after physostigmine administration, BV vs. AV, respectively, at maximal dose of 100μg/kg bw were 32.5±3.3cm H2O, and 10.6±1.5cm H2O (p<0.0001); 0.16±0.04cm H2O/mL/s, and 0.067±0.006cm H2O/mL/s AV (P<0.05). The Cydn values were affected after physostigmine administration only at the lowest dose of 10μg/kg bw, and BV was 0.75±0.05mL/cm H2O vs. 0.53±0.04mL/cm H2O AV (P<0.004). Cholinergic outflow produced increases in tracheal tone, lung resistance and a decrease in dynamic compliance before, but not after vagotomy. Our results show the high impact of central neuronal mechanism in parameters of lung mechanics and respiration. This study indicates that vagal nerves have a crucial role, in the transmission of impulses initiated from central nervous system, in regulating the respiration by contraction or relaxation of airway smooth muscle tone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burim Neziri
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Medical Faculty, University of Prishtina "Hasan Prishtina", 10 000 Prishtina, Kosovo
| | - Armond Daci
- Department of Pharmacy, Medical Faculty, University of Prishtina "Hasan Prishtina", 10 000 Prishtina, Kosovo
| | - Shaip Krasniqi
- Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Toxicology, Medical Faculty, University of Prishtina "Hasan Prishtina", 10 000 Prishtina, Kosovo.
| | - Ramadan Sopi
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Medical Faculty, University of Prishtina "Hasan Prishtina", 10 000 Prishtina, Kosovo
| | - Musa A Haxhiu
- Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Dept. of Pediatrics, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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Gallindo RM, Gonçalves FLL, Figueira RL, Simões ALB, Sbragia L. Standardization of pulmonary ventilation technique using volume-controlled ventilators in rats with congenital diaphragmatic hernia. Rev Col Bras Cir 2016; 41:181-7. [PMID: 25140649 DOI: 10.1590/s0100-69912014000300008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2013] [Accepted: 09/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To standardize a technique for ventilating rat fetuses with Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia (CDH) using a volume-controlled ventilator. METHODS Pregnant rats were divided into the following groups: a) control (C); b) exposed to nitrofen with CDH (CDH); and c) exposed to nitrofen without CDH (N-). Fetuses of the three groups were randomly divided into the subgroups ventilated (V) and non-ventilated (N-V). Fetuses were collected on day 21.5 of gestation, weighed and ventilated for 30 minutes using a volume-controlled ventilator. Then the lungs were collected for histological study. We evaluated: body weight (BW), total lung weight (TLW), left lung weight (LLW), ratios TLW / BW and LLW / BW, morphological histology of the airways and causes of failures of ventilation. RESULTS BW, TLW, LLW, TLW / BW and LLW / BW were higher in C compared with N- (p <0.05) and CDH (p <0.05), but no differences were found between the subgroups V and N-V (p> 0.05). The morphology of the pulmonary airways showed hypoplasia in groups N- and CDH, with no difference between V and N-V (p <0.05). The C and N- groups could be successfully ventilated using a tidal volume of 75 ìl, but the failure of ventilation in the CDH group decreased only when ventilated with 50 ìl. CONCLUSION Volume ventilation is possible in rats with CDH for a short period and does not alter fetal or lung morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Melo Gallindo
- Department of Surgery and Anatomy, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Rebeca Lopes Figueira
- Department of Surgery and Anatomy, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Leda Bertoncini Simões
- Department of Surgery and Anatomy, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Lourenço Sbragia
- Department of Surgery and Anatomy, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Abstract
Hypoxic episodes are troublesome components of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in preterm infants. Immature respiratory control seems to be the major contributor, superimposed on abnormal respiratory function. Relatively short respiratory pauses may precipitate desaturation and bradycardia. This population is predisposed to pulmonary hypertension; it is likely that pulmonary vasoconstriction also plays a role. The natural history has been well-characterized in the preterm population at risk for BPD; however, the consequences are less clear. Proposed associations of intermittent hypoxia include retinopathy of prematurity, sleep disordered breathing, and neurodevelopmental delay. Future study should address whether these associations are causal relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J. Martin
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Rainbow Babies & Children’s Hospital, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Suite RBC 3100, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-6010, Ph: 216-844-3387/Fax: 216-844-3380
| | - Juliann M. Di Fiore
- Case Western Reserve University, Rainbow Babies & Children’s Hospital, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Suite RBC 3100, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-6010, Ph: 216-368-1245/Fax: 216-844-3380
| | - Michele C. Walsh
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Rainbow Babies & Children’s Hospital, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Suite RBC 3100, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-6010, Ph: 216-844-3759/Fax: 216-844-3380
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9
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Angiogenesis induced by prenatal ischemia predisposes to periventricular hemorrhage during postnatal mechanical ventilation. Pediatr Res 2015; 77:663-73. [PMID: 25665055 PMCID: PMC4405433 DOI: 10.1038/pr.2015.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Three risk factors are associated with hemorrhagic forms of encephalopathy of prematurity (EP): (i) prematurity, (ii) in utero ischemia (IUI) or perinatal ischemia, and (iii) mechanical ventilation. We hypothesized that IUI would induce an angiogenic response marked by activation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), the latter degrading vascular basement membrane and increasing vulnerability to raised intravenous pressure during positive pressure mechanical ventilation. METHODS We studied a rat model of hemorrhagic-EP characterized by periventricular hemorrhages in which a 20-min episode of IUI is induced at E19, pups are born naturally at E21-22, and on P0, are subjected to a 20-min episode of positive pressure mechanical ventilation. Tissues were studied by H&E staining, immunolabeling, immunoblot, and zymography. RESULTS Mechanical ventilation of rat pups 2-3 d after 20-min IUI caused widespread hemorrhages in periventricular tissues. IUI resulted in upregulation of VEGF and MMP-9. Zymography confirmed significantly elevated gelatinase activity. MMP-9 activation was accompanied by severe loss of MMP-9 substrates, collagen IV and laminin, in microvessels in periventricular areas. CONCLUSION Our findings are consistent with the hypothesis that positive pressure mechanical ventilation of the newborn in the context of recent prenatal ischemia/hypoxia can predispose to periventricular hemorrhages.
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Britt RD, Faksh A, Vogel E, Martin RJ, Pabelick CM, Prakash YS. Perinatal factors in neonatal and pediatric lung diseases. Expert Rev Respir Med 2013; 7:515-31. [PMID: 24090092 DOI: 10.1586/17476348.2013.838020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Wheezing and asthma are significant clinical problems for infants and young children, particularly following premature birth. Recurrent wheezing in infants can progress to persistent asthma. As in adults, altered airway structure (remodeling) and function (increased bronchoconstriction) are also important in neonatal and pediatric airway diseases. Accumulating evidence suggests that airway disease in children is influenced by perinatal factors including perturbations in normal fetal lung development, postnatal interventions in the intensive care unit (ICU) and environmental and other insults in the neonatal period. Here, in addition to genetics, maternal health, environmental processes, innate immunity and impaired lung development/function can all influence pathogenesis of airway disease in children. We summarize current understanding of how prenatal and postnatal factors can contribute to development of airway diseases in neonates and children. Understanding these mechanisms will help identify and develop novel therapies for childhood airway diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodney D Britt
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, 4-184 W Jos SMH, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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Sopi RB, Zaidi SIA, Mladenov M, Sahiti H, Istrefi Z, Gjorgoski I, Lajçi A, Jakupaj M. L-citrulline supplementation reverses the impaired airway relaxation in neonatal rats exposed to hyperoxia. Respir Res 2012; 13:68. [PMID: 22870905 PMCID: PMC3487946 DOI: 10.1186/1465-9921-13-68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2012] [Accepted: 07/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hyperoxia is shown to impair airway relaxation via limiting L-arginine bioavailability to nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and reducing NO production as a consequence. L-arginine can also be synthesized by L-citrulline recycling. The role of L-citrulline supplementation was investigated in the reversing of hyperoxia-induced impaired relaxation of rat tracheal smooth muscle (TSM). Methods Electrical field stimulation (EFS, 2–20 V)-induced relaxation was measured under in vitro conditions in preconstricted tracheal preparations obtained from 12 day old rat pups exposed to room air or hyperoxia (>95% oxygen) for 7 days supplemented with L-citrulline or saline (in vitro or in vivo). The role of the L-citrulline/L-arginine cycle under basal conditions was studied by incubation of preparations in the presence of argininosuccinate synthase (ASS) inhibitor [α-methyl-D, L-aspartate, 1 mM] or argininosuccinate lyase inhibitor (ASL) succinate (1 mM) and/or NOS inhibitor [Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester; 100 μM] with respect to the presence or absence of L-citrulline (2 mM). Results Hyperoxia impaired the EFS-induced relaxation of TSM as compared to room air control (p < 0.001; 0.5 ± 0.1% at 2 V to 50.6 ± 5.7% at 20 V in hyperoxic group: 0.7 ± 0.2 at 2 V to 80.0 ± 5.6% at 20 V in room air group). Inhibition of ASS or ASL, and L-citrulline supplementation did not affect relaxation responses under basal conditions. However, inhibition of NOS significantly reduced relaxation responses (p < 0.001), which were restored to control level by L-citrulline. L-citrulline supplementation in vivo and in vitro also reversed the hyperoxia-impaired relaxation. The differences were significant (p <0.001; 0.8 ± 0.3% at 2 V to 47.1 ± 4.1% at 20 V without L-citrulline; 0.9 ± 0.3% at 2 V to 68.2 ± 4.8% at 20 V with L-citrulline). Inhibition of ASS or ASL prevented this effect of L-citrulline. Conclusion The results indicate the presence of an L-citrulline/L-arginine cycle in the airways of rat pups. L-citrulline recycling does not play a major role under basal conditions in airways, but it has an important role under conditions of substrate limitations to NOS as a source of L-arginine, and L-citrulline supplementation reverses the impaired relaxation of airways under hyperoxic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramadan B Sopi
- Department of Pharmacy-Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Prishtina, St, Martyrs' Boulevard n,n,, Prishtina, 10000, Kosovo, Macedonia.
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Mittal RA, Simbruner G, Smith J, Simbruner B, Holzinger A. Mechanical ventilation with high tidal volume or frequency is associated with increased expression of nerve growth factor and its receptor in rabbit lungs. Pediatr Pulmonol 2009; 44:713-9. [PMID: 19499591 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.21053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Nerve growth factor (NGF), a neurotrophin, is induced in lung cells by proinflammatory cytokines, and has a role in bronchial hyperreactivity and lung tissue repair. Ventilation induced lung injury, on the other hand, is known to increase the levels of proinflammatory cytokines in the lungs. We investigated whether, and to what extent, various degrees of lung injury induced by short-term ventilation affect NGF levels in the lung tissue of adolescent rabbits. METHODS The rabbits were randomized to different modes of ventilation: (1) CON: normal ventilation for 30 min; (2) NVT: normal ventilation for 6 hr; (3) HFQ: ventilation for 6 hr at double frequency, but normal tidal volume (VT); and (4) HVT: 6 hr ventilation at double VT but normal frequency. RESULTS NGF protein was detected in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung tissue in all animals. Ventilation for 6 hr significantly increased NGF levels, in both BALF and lung tissue, in the HFQ and HVT groups as compared to control (P < 0.05). The maximum increase in BALF NGF was seen in the HVT group (P = 0.02 vs. CON and NVT groups, and P = 0.05 vs. HFQ). A parallel increase in interleukin 1-beta (IL1-beta) was observed. Expression of the high-affinity NGF-receptor, tropomyosin-related kinase A (TrkA), was also upregulated in these two groups. CONCLUSION Injurious modes of mechanical ventilation upregulate NGF and its receptor TrkA in rabbit lungs, and IL1-beta may be a mediator for this response. We speculate that this increase in NGF level may translate into the development of bronchial hyperreactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi A Mittal
- Department of Neonatology, Dr. von Hauner's Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich D-80337, Germany
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Sopi RB, Martin RJ, Haxhiu MA, Dreshaj IA, Yao Q, Jafri A, Zaidi SIA. Role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in hyperoxia-induced enhancement of contractility and impairment of relaxation in lung parenchyma. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2008; 295:L348-55. [PMID: 18515408 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00067.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Prolonged hyperoxic exposure contributes to neonatal lung injury, and airway hyperreactivity is characterized by enhanced contraction and impaired relaxation of airway smooth muscle. Our previous data demonstrate that hyperoxia in rat pups upregulates expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) mRNA and protein, disrupts NO-cGMP signaling, and impairs cAMP production in airway smooth muscle. We hypothesized that BDNF-tyrosine kinase B (TrkB) signaling plays a functional role in airway hyperreactivity via upregulation of cholinergic mechanisms in hyperoxia-exposed lungs. Five-day-old rat pups were exposed to >or=95% oxygen or room air for 7 days and administered daily tyrosine kinase inhibitor K-252a (50 microg x kg(-1) x day(-1) i.p.) to block BDNF-TrkB signaling or vehicle. Lungs were removed for HPLC measurement of ACh or for in vitro force measurement of lung parenchymal strips. ACh content doubled in hyperoxic compared with room air-exposed lungs. K-252a treatment of hyperoxic pups restored ACh content to room air levels. Hyperoxia increased contraction and impaired relaxation of lung strips in response to incremental electrical field stimulation. K-252a administration to hyperoxic pups reversed this increase in contraction and decrease in relaxation. K-252a or TrkB-Fc was used to block the effect of exogenous BDNF in vitro. Both K-252a and TrkB-Fc blocked the effects of exogenous BDNF. Hyperoxia decreased cAMP and cGMP levels in lung strips, and blockade of BDNF-TrkB signaling restored cAMP but not cGMP to control levels. Therefore, hyperoxia-induced increase in activity of BDNF-TrkB receptor signaling appears to play a critical role in enhancing cholinergically mediated contractile responses of lung parenchyma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramadan B Sopi
- Deptartment of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University, 11100 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH 44106-6009, USA
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Sopi RB, Haxhiu MA, Martin RJ, Dreshaj IA, Kamath S, Zaidi SIA. Disruption of NO-cGMP signaling by neonatal hyperoxia impairs relaxation of lung parenchyma. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2007; 293:L1029-36. [PMID: 17660329 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00182.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure of immature lungs to hyperoxia for prolonged periods contributes to neonatal lung injury and airway hyperreactivity. We studied the role of disrupted nitric oxide-guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (NO-cGMP) signaling in impairing the relaxant responses of lung tissue from hyperoxia-exposed rat pups. Pups were exposed to >/=95% O(2) or room air for 7 days starting from days 1, 5, or 14. The animals were killed, lungs were removed, and 1-mm-thick lung parenchymal strips were prepared. Lung parenchymal strips of room air or hyperoxic pups were preconstricted using bethanechol and then graded electrical field stimulation (EFS) was applied to induce relaxation. EFS-induced relaxation of lung parenchymal strips was greater at 7 and 12 days than at 21 days in room air-exposed rat pups. Hyperoxic exposure significantly reduced relaxation at 7 and 12 days but not 21 days compared with room air exposure. NO synthase blockade with N(omega)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester diminished relaxant responses in room air but not in hyperoxic pups at 12 days. After incubation with supplemental l-arginine, the relaxation response of hyperoxic strips was restored. cGMP, a key mediator of the NO signaling pathway, also decreased in strips from hyperoxic vs. room air pups and cGMP levels were restored after incubation with supplemental l-arginine. In addition, arginase activity was significantly increased in hyperoxic lung parenchymal strips compared with room air lung parenchymal strips. These data demonstrate disruption of NO-cGMP signaling in neonatal rat pups exposed to hyperoxia and show that bioavailability of the substrate l-arginine is implicated in the predisposition of this model to airway hyperreactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramadan B Sopi
- Dept. of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies and Children Hospital, Case Western Reserve Univ., 11100 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH 44106-6009, USA
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Bookatz GB, Mayer CA, Wilson CG, Vento M, Gelfand SL, Haxhiu MA, Martin RJ. Effect of supplemental oxygen on reinitiation of breathing after neonatal resuscitation in rat pups. Pediatr Res 2007; 61:698-702. [PMID: 17426659 DOI: 10.1203/pdr.0b013e3180534171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
To test our hypothesis that resuscitation with 21% and 40% oxygen (O2) would shorten time to onset of respiratory activity when compared with resuscitation with 100% O2, diaphragmatic electromyogram (EMG) electrodes were inserted in Sprague-Dawley rat pups, age 8-10 d before intubation and mechanical ventilation with 5% O2 to induce cessation of respiratory activity. Each animal was then resuscitated with 100% and 21% O2 (n = 10) or 100% and 40% O2 (n = 11) for 30 s before the ventilator was disconnected. Recovery of diaphragm activity was compared between resuscitation groups. Blood gas status and heart rate data were characterized in additional rat pups. Time to first respiratory effort was 36 +/- 21 s (mean +/- SD) for room air resuscitation and 72 +/- 22 s for 100% O2, (p = 0.002). In contrast, there was no difference in time to onset of diaphragm activity when resuscitation with 40% O2 was compared with 100% O2: 84 +/- 27 s versus 76 +/- 23 s, respectively (p > 0.05). Resuscitation with 100% and 40% O2 both resulted in hyperoxia and hypocapnia when compared with room air, without effect on heart rate. Our findings indicate that even modest hyperoxic resuscitation will result in a delayed onset of respiration compared with normoxic gas, via a mechanism that may involve both hyperoxemic and hypocapnic inhibition of chemoreceptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Bradley Bookatz
- Department of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-6010, USA
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