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Abdel-Zaher AO, Abd-Ellatief RB, Aboulhagag NA, Farghaly HSM, Al-Wasei FMM. The potential relationship between gasotransmitters and oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis in lead-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Tissue Cell 2021; 71:101511. [PMID: 33725649 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2021.101511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The interrelationship between gasotransmitters and oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis in lead-induced hepatotoxicity was investigated in this study. On prolonged exposure, lead was accumulated in liver tissue of rats and impaired liver function and structure as assessed by measurement of the serum hepatic function markers and by histopathological examination. The accumulated metal induced oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis in the liver. Also, it increased nitric oxide (NO) production and decreased hydrogen sulfide (H2S) level and heme oxygenase (HO-1) concentration in liver tissue. Decreasing of NO production by L-N(G)-nitroarginine methyl ester (L-NAME) and increasing of H2S level by sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) and carbon monoxide (CO) level by carbon monoxide-releasing molecule-A1 (CORM-A1) inhibited lead-induced impairment of liver function and structure. Concomitantly, these agents inhibited lead intoxication-induced oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, nitrosative stress and reduction of HO-1 concentration and H2S level. Furthermore, concurrent treatment with these agents inhibited lead intoxication-induced increase in the protein expressions of inducible NO synthase, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1beta and caspase-3 as well as decrease in protein expressions of HO-1 and cystathionine-γ-lyase in the liver. NO donor, l-arginine and H2S and CO biosynthesis inhibitors, trifluoro-DL-alanine and zinc deutroporphyrin, respectively aggravated the toxic effects of lead. These results indicate, for the first time, that there is an interrelationship between gasotransmitters and lead-induced hepatotoxicity. The ability of L-N AME, NaHS and CORM-A1 to provide protective effects against lead-induced hepatotoxicity may positively correlate, to their ability to suppress hepatic oxidative stress, nitrosative stress, inflammation and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed O Abdel-Zaher
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.
| | - Rasha B Abd-Ellatief
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Noha A Aboulhagag
- Department of Patholology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Hanan S M Farghaly
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Fahmy M M Al-Wasei
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
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Heme oxygenase-1 deficiency promotes severity of sepsis in a non-surgical preterm mouse model. Pediatr Res 2018; 84:139-145. [PMID: 29795214 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-018-0028-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis in preterm infants is associated with systemic inflammatory responses. The stress-response protein heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) has protective anti-inflammatory properties. Recently, we reported a protective role of HO-1 using our non-surgical cecal slurry (CS) model in wild-type (WT) mouse pups. Here, we extend these findings to investigate the association of HO-1 deficiency with sepsis severity. METHODS Adapting the Wynn model, we induced sepsis in 4-day-old HO-1-deficient (HO-1+/-, Het) pups to determine if HO-1 deficiency affected survival rates at the LD40 (2.0 mg/g) of WT pups. To see if HO-1 induction affected sepsis severity, we gave 30-μmol heme/kg subcutaneously to 3-day-old mice 24 h prior to sepsis induction. RESULTS Post-sepsis induction, Het pups had a mortality of 85.0% (n = 20) and increased expression of the pro-inflammatory gene in the livers and affected hematologic profiles. Heme treatment 24 h prior to sepsis induction significantly increased liver HO activity, reduced mortality to 24.5% (n = 17), attenuated inflammatory responses, reduced spleen bacterial counts, and significantly increased peripheral neutrophils. CONCLUSIONS A partial deficiency in HO-1 increased the progression and mortality in sepsis. Furthermore, induction of HO-1 significantly reduced the mortality even in Het pups. Thus, we conclude that HO-1 plays an important role in the protection against preterm sepsis.
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Kourula S, Ang J, Zhao H, Kalish F, Vandenabeele P, Sylvester KG, Wong RJ, Stevenson DK. Heme Oxygenase Activity and Heme Binding in a Neonatal Mouse Model. Neonatology 2017; 112:376-383. [PMID: 28926834 DOI: 10.1159/000479493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe hemolytic disease of the newborn leads to the release of pro-oxidative free heme (FH). Heme oxygenase (HO) is primarily responsible for detoxifying FH. OBJECTIVE To investigate the protective effects of HO in a model of heme overload. METHODS For in vitro studies, NIH3T3 HO-1-luc cells were incubated with 10, 30, or 60 µM FH or methemalbumin (MHA). HO-1 promoter activity was assessed 3, 6, and 24 h after treatment. Cell survival was indexed by viability assays. For in vivo studies, 1- and 5-week-old wild-type (Wt) or HO-1-heterozygous (Het, HO-1+/-) mice were given 60 µmol FH or MHA/kg intraperitoneally. After 24 h, plasma aspartate aminotransferease (AST)/alanine transaminase (ALT) and hemopexin, liver HO activity, and lipid peroxidation (LP) were determined. RESULTS In HO-1-luc cells, HO-1 promoter activity peaked 6 h after incubation with 30 µM FH (1.6-fold) or 60 µM MHA (2.1-fold) over baseline. Twenty-four hours after exposure to 60 µM FH, a decrease in viability of 80% was found, compared with no decrease after exposure to 60 µM MHA. In 1-week-old Wt and HO-1 Het pups given 60 µmol FH/kg, HO activity significantly increased 3.5- and 3.1-fold, respectively. No changes in LP or AST/ALT levels were observed. In adult Wt and HO-1 Het mice, HO activity increased (3.0- and 2.6-fold, respectively). LP and AST levels significantly increased 28.4- and 2.7-fold, respectively, in adult HO-1 Het mice. Hemopexin levels at baseline were higher in adults compared with newborns for both Wt and Het mice. In addition, FH induced hemopexin levels in both adults and newborns, but to a lesser degree in newborns. CONCLUSIONS FH is highly toxic in vitro, but its toxicity is abolished when bound to albumin. Newborns appear to be protected from the pro-oxidative effects of FH, which may be mediated by heme binding and a higher absolute HO activity at baseline and after FH-mediated induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Kourula
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
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Azuma J, Wong RJ, Morisawa T, Hsu M, Maegdefessel L, Zhao H, Kalish F, Kayama Y, Wallenstein MB, Deng AC, Spin JM, Stevenson DK, Dalman RL, Tsao PS. Heme Oxygenase-1 Expression Affects Murine Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Progression. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0149288. [PMID: 26894432 PMCID: PMC4760983 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), the rate-limiting enzyme in heme degradation, is a cytoprotective enzyme upregulated in the vasculature by increased flow and inflammatory stimuli. Human genetic data suggest that a diminished HO-1 expression may predispose one to abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) development. In addition, heme is known to strongly induce HO-1 expression. Utilizing the porcine pancreatic elastase (PPE) model of AAA induction in HO-1 heterozygous (HO-1+/-, HO-1 Het) mice, we found that a deficiency in HO-1 leads to augmented AAA development. Peritoneal macrophages from HO-1+/- mice showed increased gene expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including MCP-1, TNF-alpha, IL-1-beta, and IL-6, but decreased expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 and TGF-beta. Furthermore, treatment with heme returned AAA progression in HO-1 Het mice to a wild-type profile. Using a second murine AAA model (Ang II-ApoE-/-), we showed that low doses of the HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor rosuvastatin can induce HO-1 expression in aortic tissue and suppress AAA progression in the absence of lipid lowering. Our results support those studies that suggest that pleiotropic statin effects might be beneficial in AAA, possibly through the upregulation of HO-1. Specific targeted therapies designed to induce HO-1 could become an adjunctive therapeutic strategy for the prevention of AAA disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junya Azuma
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Ronald J. Wong
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Takeshi Morisawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Mark Hsu
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Lars Maegdefessel
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Hui Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Flora Kalish
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Yosuke Kayama
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, United States of America
| | - Matthew B. Wallenstein
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Alicia C. Deng
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, United States of America
| | - Joshua M. Spin
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, United States of America
| | - David K. Stevenson
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Ronald L. Dalman
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Philip S. Tsao
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, United States of America
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Inhibition of heme oxygenase activity using a microparticle formulation of zinc protoporphyrin in an acute hemolytic newborn mouse model. Pediatr Res 2016; 79:251-7. [PMID: 26488552 DOI: 10.1038/pr.2015.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased bilirubin production due to hemolysis can lead to neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. Inhibition of heme oxygenase (HO), the rate-limiting enzyme in heme catabolism, by metalloporphyrins (Mps) may be an ideal preventive strategy for neonatal hemolytic disease. Zinc protoporphyrin (ZnPP) is a naturally occurring Mp, potent, not phototoxic, with minimal HO-1 upregulation, but is not orally absorbed. Recently, we designed a lipid-based ZnPP formulation (ZnPP-Lipid), which is orally absorbed by newborn mice. Here, we evaluated the efficacy of ZnPP-Lipid in heme-loaded newborn mice, a model analogous to hemolytic infants. METHODS After 24 h of heme administration (30 µmol/kg s.c.), 4-d-old mice were given 30 µmol ZnPP-Lipid/kg via intragastric injections. After 3 h, liver and brain HO activity were measured. HO-1 upregulation was assessed by determinations of HO-1 protein, promoter activity, and mRNA by Western blot, in vivo bioluminescence imaging, and RT-PCR, respectively. RESULTS After heme loading, liver HO activity significantly increased ~1.6-fold, which was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner by ZnPP-Lipid. A dose of 30 µmol/kg returned activity to control levels. Brain HO activity was not inhibited. No significant increases in liver and brain HO-1 protein, promoter activity, and mRNA were observed. CONCLUSION ZnPP-Lipid is effective and thus has potential for treating neonatal hyperbilirubinemia due to hemolysis.
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Ryter SW, Choi AMK. Targeting heme oxygenase-1 and carbon monoxide for therapeutic modulation of inflammation. Transl Res 2016; 167:7-34. [PMID: 26166253 PMCID: PMC4857893 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2015.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 249] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Revised: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) enzyme system remains an attractive therapeutic target for the treatment of inflammatory conditions. HO-1, a cellular stress protein, serves a vital metabolic function as the rate-limiting step in the degradation of heme to generate carbon monoxide (CO), iron, and biliverdin-IXα (BV), the latter which is converted to bilirubin-IXα (BR). HO-1 may function as a pleiotropic regulator of inflammatory signaling programs through the generation of its biologically active end products, namely CO, BV and BR. CO, when applied exogenously, can affect apoptotic, proliferative, and inflammatory cellular programs. Specifically, CO can modulate the production of proinflammatory or anti-inflammatory cytokines and mediators. HO-1 and CO may also have immunomodulatory effects with respect to regulating the functions of antigen-presenting cells, dendritic cells, and regulatory T cells. Therapeutic strategies to modulate HO-1 in disease include the application of natural-inducing compounds and gene therapy approaches for the targeted genetic overexpression or knockdown of HO-1. Several compounds have been used therapeutically to inhibit HO activity, including competitive inhibitors of the metalloporphyrin series or noncompetitive isoform-selective derivatives of imidazole-dioxolanes. The end products of HO activity, CO, BV and BR may be used therapeutically as pharmacologic treatments. CO may be applied by inhalation or through the use of CO-releasing molecules. This review will discuss HO-1 as a therapeutic target in diseases involving inflammation, including lung and vascular injury, sepsis, ischemia-reperfusion injury, and transplant rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan W Ryter
- Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY.
| | - Augustine M K Choi
- Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
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Wong RJ, Schulz S, Espadas C, Vreman HJ, Rajadas J, Stevenson DK. Effects of light on metalloporphyrin-treated newborn mice. Acta Paediatr 2014; 103:474-9. [PMID: 24417721 DOI: 10.1111/apa.12554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Revised: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Zinc protoporphyrin (ZnPP) is a promising metalloporphyrin with sufficient potency, but has poor solubility and is not absorbed well orally. Intragastric administration of ZnPP microparticles (30 μmol/kg) to 3-day-old mice resulted in a twofold increase in potency and no signs of phototoxicity. CONCLUSION The use of polymeric particulate delivery systems can improve the stability and enhance intestinal absorption of ZnPP, while retaining HO inhibitory potency without photosensitising effects, and thus is potentially useful in treating neonatal hyperbilirubinemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald J. Wong
- Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine; Department of Pediatrics; Stanford University School of Medicine; Stanford CA USA
| | - Stephanie Schulz
- Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine; Department of Pediatrics; Stanford University School of Medicine; Stanford CA USA
| | - Cecilia Espadas
- Biomaterials and Advanced Drug Delivery (BioADD) Laboratory; Stanford University School of Medicine; Stanford CA USA
| | - Hendrik J. Vreman
- Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine; Department of Pediatrics; Stanford University School of Medicine; Stanford CA USA
| | - Jayakumar Rajadas
- Biomaterials and Advanced Drug Delivery (BioADD) Laboratory; Stanford University School of Medicine; Stanford CA USA
| | - David K. Stevenson
- Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine; Department of Pediatrics; Stanford University School of Medicine; Stanford CA USA
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia arises from increased bilirubin production and decreased bilirubin elimination. Although phototherapy safely and effectively reduces bilirubin levels, recent evidence shows that it has adverse effects. Therefore, alternative treatments are warranted. Metalloporphyrins, competitive inhibitors of heme oxygenase (HO), the rate-limiting enzyme in bilirubin production, effectively reduce bilirubin formation; however, many are photoreactive. Here, we investigated possible photosensitizing effects of chromium mesoporphyrin (CrMP) and zinc deuteroporphyrin bis-glycol (ZnBG). METHODS AND RESULTS Administration of CrMP or ZnBG to 3-d-old mouse pups (3.75-30.0 μmol/kg intraperitoneally) and exposure to cool white (F20T12CW) and blue (TL20W/52) fluorescent lights (+L) for 3 h, resulted in a dose-dependent mortality (50% lethal dose (LD50) = 21.5 and 19.5 μmol/kg, respectively). In contrast to ZnBG, there was no significant difference in survival between the CrMP+L and CrMP groups. Following 30 μmol/kg ZnBG+L, we found significant weight loss, decreased liver antioxidant capacities, and increased aspartate aminotransaminase levels. At 6-d post-light exposure, ZnBG+L-treated pups showed gross and histologic skin changes at doses >7.5 μmol/kg. No lethality was observed following treatment with 30 μmol ZnBG/kg plus exposure to blue light-emitting diodes. Phototoxicity of ZnBG was dependent on light source, emission spectrum, and irradiance. CONCLUSION Low doses of ZnBG (<3.75 μmol/kg) retained maximal HO inhibitory potency without photosensitizing effects, and therefore are potentially useful in treating neonatal hyperbilirubinemia.
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Schulz S, Wong RJ, Vreman HJ, Stevenson DK. Metalloporphyrins - an update. Front Pharmacol 2012; 3:68. [PMID: 22557967 PMCID: PMC3337460 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2012.00068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2012] [Accepted: 04/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Metalloporphyrins are structural analogs of heme and their potential use in the management of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia has been the subject of considerable research for more than three decades. The pharmacological basis for using this class of compounds to control bilirubin levels is the targeted blockade of bilirubin production through the competitive inhibition of heme oxygenase (HO), the rate-limiting enzyme in the bilirubin production pathway. Ongoing research continues in the pursuit of identifying ideal metalloporphyrins, which are safe and effective, by defining therapeutic windows and targeted interventions for the treatment of excessive neonatal hyperbilirubinemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Schulz
- Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford, CA, USA
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