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Best AL, Thompson EL, Adamu AM, Logan R, Delva J, Thomas M, Cunningham E, Vamos C, Daley E. Examining the Influence of Religious and Spiritual Beliefs on HPV Vaccine Uptake Among College Women. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2019; 58:2196-2207. [PMID: 31352665 PMCID: PMC7003292 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-019-00890-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine is an effective mechanism to prevent HPV-associated cancers; however, uptake is low among women aged 18-26. Religiosity/spirituality is associated with sexual health decision-making. This study examined the role of religious/spiritual beliefs on HPV vaccination among college women (N = 307) using logistic regression and mediation analyses. Findings indicate that sexual activity is the main factor associated with HPV vaccination; and sexual activity fully mediates the relationship between religious/spiritual beliefs and HPV vaccination. Health promotion efforts should highlight the importance of HPV vaccination regardless of current sexual activity and may benefit from partnerships with religious/spiritual organizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia L Best
- College of Public Health, University of South Florida, 13201 Bruce B. Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.
| | - Erika L Thompson
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Systems, School of Public Health, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA
| | - Abdullahi Musa Adamu
- College of Public Health, University of South Florida, 13201 Bruce B. Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Rachel Logan
- College of Public Health, University of South Florida, 13201 Bruce B. Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Jennifer Delva
- College of Public Health, University of South Florida, 13201 Bruce B. Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Manuela Thomas
- College of Public Health, University of South Florida, 13201 Bruce B. Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Eden Cunningham
- College of Public Health, University of South Florida, 13201 Bruce B. Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Cheryl Vamos
- College of Public Health, University of South Florida, 13201 Bruce B. Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Ellen Daley
- College of Public Health, University of South Florida, 13201 Bruce B. Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
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Hong SJ. Cross-Cultural Differences in the Influences of Spiritual and Religious Tendencies on Beliefs in Genetic Determinism and Family Health History Communication: A Teleological Approach. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2019; 58:1516-1536. [PMID: 30446868 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-018-0729-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Adopting a teleological approach, this study investigates how beliefs in genetic determinism, intentional spirituality, and religious tendencies are associated with family health history (FHH) communication among European American, Chinese, and Korean college students. The results indicate that intentional spirituality was negatively associated with beliefs in genetic determinism and FHH communication, while beliefs in genetic determinism were positively associated with FHH communication. Intrinsic and extrinsic religiosity and paranormal beliefs showed interesting dynamics with beliefs in genetic determinism and FHH communication. An interaction effect regarding cultural identity, beliefs in genetic determinism, and FHH communication was likewise found. The findings have meaningful implications for future studies about religious influences on health behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Jung Hong
- National University of Singapore, Block AS6, #03-06, 11 Computing Drive, Singapore, 117416, Singapore.
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Carmack HJ, DeGroot JM. Communication Apprehension About Death, Religious Group Affiliation, and Religiosity: Predictors of Organ and Body Donation Decisions. OMEGA-JOURNAL OF DEATH AND DYING 2018; 81:627-647. [PMID: 30096990 DOI: 10.1177/0030222818793294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Communication willingness has previously been identified as an important communication factor in influencing individuals' decisions to become an organ donor. Missing from this conversation is the role of communication apprehension about death and its impact on donation decisions. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between communication apprehension about death, religiosity, religious affiliation, and donation decisions. Three hundred and thirty-three individuals participated in an online survey. Findings suggest that communication apprehension about death, especially communication avoidance about death, negatively impact donation decisions. In addition, religiosity and affiliation with a specific religion also negatively impact donation decisions. These variables were also predictors of organ and body donation. The findings show a need for more research on what prevents conversations about donation. In addition, the stark difference between organ donation likelihood and body donation likelihood underscores the need for communication scholars to examine communication about body donation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather J Carmack
- Department of Communication Studies, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
| | - Jocelyn M DeGroot
- Department of Applied Communication Studies, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Edwardsville, IL, USA
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Ironson G, Lucette A, Hylton E, Pargament KI, Krause N. The Relationship Between Religious and Psychospiritual Measures and an Inflammation Marker (CRP) in Older Adults Experiencing Life Event Stress. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2018; 57:1554-1566. [PMID: 29594652 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-018-0600-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation, often measured by C-reactive protein (CRP), is thought to be related to a number of debilitating illnesses as we age, including cardiovascular disease, cancer and diabetes. Stress has also been implicated in these processes. This study examines potential protective effects of spirituality and religion in older adults who have experienced stressful life events. As part of the nationwide Landmark Study of Spirituality and Health, a subsample of 643 middle-aged and older adults (age ≥ 50) who were at or above the median in number of life stressors (≥ 2) was included in this analysis. Psychospiritual and religious (PS/R) variables included: religious service attendance, prayer, religious meaning, religious hope, general meaning, general hope and sense of peace. Control variables included: age, gender, education, BMI, smoking, alcohol use, social support. Only church attendance predicted significantly lower CRP after controlling for covariates, even above the other PS/R variables (standardized β = - 0.14, t = - 3.23 p = 0.001). Those with frequent religious service attendance were 38% less likely to have clinically elevated CRP than those who attend rarely or never. Religious service attendance may confer protection in older adults experiencing stressful events as it was significantly associated with lower CRP, an inflammatory marker associated with illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gail Ironson
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, 5665 Ponce de Leon Blvd., Coral Gables, FL, 33124-0751, USA.
| | - Aurelie Lucette
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, 5665 Ponce de Leon Blvd., Coral Gables, FL, 33124-0751, USA
| | - Emily Hylton
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, 5665 Ponce de Leon Blvd., Coral Gables, FL, 33124-0751, USA
| | - Kenneth I Pargament
- Department of Psychology, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, USA
| | - Neal Krause
- School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
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Wnuk M. A Psychometric Evaluation of the Santa Clara Strength of Religious Faith Questionnaire among Students from Poland and Chile. PASTORAL PSYCHOLOGY 2017; 66:551-562. [PMID: 28725089 PMCID: PMC5493728 DOI: 10.1007/s11089-017-0754-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study verifies the psychometric properties of the Santa Clara Strength of Religious Faith Questionnaire (SCSORFQ). This measure consists of 10 items regarding strength of religious faith, regardless of religious denomination or affiliation. Participants were 177 students from Chile and 393 students from Poland. The SCSORFQ method is a reliable measure with good internal consistency evaluated by the α-Cronbach coefficient. Factor analysis statistically confirmed the unidimensional structure of the SCSORFQ. The strength of religious faith in both student groups was moderate to strong correlated with public or private aspects of religiousness and strong correlated with spiritual experiences. It was weakly correlated with the cognitive indicator of well-being as satisfaction with life as well as with existential variables like hope and meaning of life. The results confirm that the SCSORFQ is psychometrically sound and is therefore recommended for use by researchers studying the construct of religiousness.
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Temane QM, Wissing MP. The Role of Spirituality as a Mediator for Psychological Well-Being across Different Contexts. SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/008124630603600309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine whether spirituality mediates between context and psychological well-being. Context was defined in terms of differentials pertaining to race, socio-economic indices and infrastructural resources. An availability sample of 514 participants from Potchefstroom ( n = 384) and Mafikeng ( n = 130), North West Province, completed measurements on spirituality and psychological well-being. Regression analyses indicated the viability of relationships among context, spirituality and psychological well-being, and differences were observed between the two contexts in the amount of variance explained. Structural equation models showed that spirituality mediates the relationship between context and psychological well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q. Michael Temane
- School of Psychosocial Behavioural Sciences: Psychology, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2530, South Africa
| | - Marié P. Wissing
- School of Psychosocial Behavioural Sciences: Psychology, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, South Africa
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Best AL, Spencer SM, Friedman DB, Hall IJ, Billings D. The Influence of Spiritual Framing on African American Women's Mammography Intentions: A Randomized Trial. JOURNAL OF HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2016; 21:620-628. [PMID: 27142231 PMCID: PMC4946341 DOI: 10.1080/10810730.2015.1114055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Spiritual framing of breast cancer communication may provide a useful strategy for addressing disparate rates of breast cancer mortality among African American women. The efficacy of a spiritually framed breast cancer screening (BCS) message was compared with that of a traditional BCS message. Specifically, 200 African American women were randomly assigned to review either a spiritually framed or traditional BCS message and complete a self-administered survey, including a thought-listing form. Message efficacy was measured by number of thoughts generated (elaboration), ratio of positive to negative thoughts (polarity), and intention to obtain and/or recommend a mammogram. Multiple linear regression and structural equation modeling were used to assess direct and indirect (mediated) associations among variables. Spiritual framing was positively associated with greater elaboration (β = .265, SE = .36, p < .001) and more positive polarity (β = .237, SE = .04, p < .001) . Spiritual framing also had a significant indirect effect on mammography intentions through polarity (standardized indirect effect = .057, 95% confidence interval [.024, .106], p < .001). These results indicate that spiritual framing may improve the efficacy of BCS messages among African American women by eliciting more positive thoughts about screening. Interventions targeting African American women might consider the role of spirituality when tailoring messages to encourage regular mammography use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia L Best
- a Department of Community and Family Health , College of Public Health, University of South Florida , Tampa , Florida , USA
| | - S Melinda Spencer
- b Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health , University of South Carolina , Columbia , South Carolina , USA
| | - Daniela B Friedman
- b Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health , University of South Carolina , Columbia , South Carolina , USA
- c Behavior & Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Arnold School of Public Health , University of South Carolina , Columbia , South Carolina , USA
| | - Ingrid J Hall
- d Division of Cancer Prevention and Control , Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta , Georgia , USA
| | - Deborah Billings
- b Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health , University of South Carolina , Columbia , South Carolina , USA
- e South Carolina Contraceptive Access Campaign , Columbia , South Carolina , USA
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Niemi M, Ståhle G. The use of ayurvedic medicine in the context of health promotion--a mixed methods case study of an ayurvedic centre in Sweden. Altern Ther Health Med 2016; 16:62. [PMID: 26888547 PMCID: PMC4756420 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1042-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background Ayurveda has its historical roots in India, but has also been internationalised, partly via migration and partly through an increased interest in alternative medicine in the West, where studies point toward increased use. However, there is to date scarce knowledge about the use and experiences of ayurveda in Sweden. Methods We have conducted a case study of a center for ayurvedic healthcare in Sweden. We have collected information on client background data from the center’s documentation, and compiled data from all clients who visited the centre for ayurvedic consultation during spring 2014. In total, 55 individuals were included in the study, and 18 of them were chosen for individual semi-structured interviews, to gain a deeper understanding of their motives for seeking, and experiences of ayurvedic health care. The material was analysed and compiled through a mix of qualitative and quantitative methods. Results Among the 55 clients, 91 % were female the mean age was 47 years, and 64 % gave a specific illness as a reason for seeking ayurveda. The most common illnesses were respiratory, musculoskeletal, circulatory, tumor, and cutaneous illnesses. The qualitative results showed that ayurveda was being used in combination with other methods, including various diets, other alternative medicine methods and conventional medicine. Some participants recounted having sought ayurveda as a complement to conventional medicine, or in cases when conventional medicine had been experienced as insufficient in terms of diagnosis or treatment. However, some participants experienced it as difficult to follow the ayurvedic life-style advice in the midst of their everyday life. Many participants reported positive experiences of pulse diagnostics, which was the main diagnostic method used in ayurvedic consultation. Some reported concrete, physical improvement of their symptoms. Conclusions This study points towards important aspects of participant experience of ayurveda, that may be subject to further research. The positive effects experienced by some clients should be studied more systematically in order to discern whether they are specific or non-specific. In addition, interesting knowledge may be gained through further study of the reported positive experiences of pulse diagnosis.
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Sturz DL, Zografos KN. Religious Coping and Working Past Retirement Age: A Review of the Literature. JOURNAL OF RELIGION, SPIRITUALITY & AGING 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/15528030.2013.855967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Cultural adaptations of prolonged exposure therapy for treatment and prevention of posttraumatic stress disorder in african americans. Behav Sci (Basel) 2014; 4:102-124. [PMID: 25379272 PMCID: PMC4219246 DOI: 10.3390/bs4020102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2013] [Revised: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a highly disabling disorder, afflicting African Americans at disproportionately higher rates than the general population. When receiving treatment, African Americans may feel differently towards a European American clinician due to cultural mistrust. Furthermore, racism and discrimination experienced before or during the traumatic event may compound posttrauma reactions, impacting the severity of symptoms. Failure to adapt treatment approaches to encompass cultural differences and racism-related traumas may decrease treatment success for African American clients. Cognitive behavioral treatment approaches are highly effective, and Prolonged Exposure (PE) in particular has the most empirical support for the treatment of PTSD. This article discusses culturally-informed adaptations of PE that incorporates race-related trauma themes specific to the Black experience. These include adding more sessions at the front end to better establish rapport, asking directly about race-related themes during the assessment process, and deliberately bringing to the forefront race-related experiences and discrimination during treatment when indicated. Guidelines for assessment and the development of appropriate exposures are provided. Case examples are presented demonstrating adaptation of PE for a survivor of race-related trauma and for a woman who developed internalized racism following a sexual assault. Both individuals experienced improvement in their posttrauma reactions using culturally-informed adaptations to PE.
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Vosloo C, Wissing MP, Temane QM. Gender, Spirituality and Psychological Well-Being. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY IN AFRICA 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/14330237.2009.10820274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Montgomery BEE, Stewart KE, Yeary KHK, Cornell CE, Pulley L, Corwyn R, Ounpraseuth ST. Religiosity and sexual risk behaviors among African American cocaine users in the rural South. J Rural Health 2014; 30:284-91. [PMID: 24575972 DOI: 10.1111/jrh.12059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Racial and geographic disparities in human immunodeficency virus (HIV) are dramatic and drug use is a significant contributor to HIV risk. Within the rural South, African Americans who use drugs are at extremely high risk. Due to the importance of religion within African American and rural Southern communities, it can be a key element of culturally-targeted health promotion with these populations. Studies have examined religion's relationship with sexual risk in adolescent populations, but few have examined specific religious behaviors and sexual risk behaviors among drug-using African American adults. This study examined the relationship between well-defined dimensions of religion and specific sexual behaviors among African Americans who use cocaine living in the rural southern United States. METHODS Baseline data from a sexual risk reduction intervention for African Americans who use cocaine living in rural Arkansas (N = 205) were used to conduct bivariate and multivariate analyses examining the association between multiple sexual risk behaviors and key dimensions of religion including religious preference, private and public religious participation, religious coping, and God-based, congregation-based, and church leader-based religious support. FINDINGS After adjusting individualized network estimator weights based on the recruitment strategy, different dimensions of religion had inverse relationships with sexual risk behavior, including church leadership support with number of unprotected vaginal/anal sexual encounter and positive religious coping with number of sexual partners and with total number of vaginal/anal sexual encounters. CONCLUSION Results suggest that specific dimensions of religion may have protective effects on certain types of sexual behavior, which may have important research implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke E E Montgomery
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
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Lumpkins CY, Greiner KA, Daley C, Mabachi NM, Neuhaus K. Promoting healthy behavior from the pulpit: clergy share their perspectives on effective health communication in the African American church. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2013; 52:1093-107. [PMID: 21965057 PMCID: PMC3540142 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-011-9533-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
African Americans continue to suffer disproportionately from health disparities when compared to other ethnicities (ACS 2010; CDC 2007). Research indicates that the church and the pastor in the African American community could be enlisted to increase effectiveness of health programs (Campbell et al. in Health Edu Behav 34(6):864-880, 2007; DeHaven et al. in Am J Public Health 94(6):1030-1036, 2004). The objective of this study was to investigate African American pastors' perceptions about health promotion in the church and how these perceptions could serve as a guide for improving health communication targeting African Americans. Semi-structured interviews with African American clergy revealed that pastors feel strongly about the intersection of health, religion and spirituality; they also believe that discussing health screening and other health issues more frequently from the pulpit and their own personal experiences will ultimately impact health behavior among congregants. This study suggests that African American clergy see themselves as health promoters in the church and believe this communication (i.e., pastor-endorsed health information materials) will impact health behavior among underserved and minority populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crystal Y Lumpkins
- School of Journalism, University of Kansas, 1435 Jayhawk Blvd., Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA,
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Kessler C, Wischnewsky M, Michalsen A, Eisenmann C, Melzer J. Ayurveda: between religion, spirituality, and medicine. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2013; 2013:952432. [PMID: 24368928 PMCID: PMC3863565 DOI: 10.1155/2013/952432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2013] [Revised: 09/05/2013] [Accepted: 10/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Ayurveda is playing a growing part in Europe. Questions regarding the role of religion and spirituality within Ayurveda are discussed widely. Yet, there is little data on the influence of religious and spiritual aspects on its European diffusion. Methods. A survey was conducted with a new questionnaire. It was analysed by calculating frequency variables and testing differences in distributions with the χ (2)-Test. Principal Component Analyses with Varimax Rotation were performed. Results. 140 questionnaires were analysed. Researchers found that individual religious and spiritual backgrounds influence attitudes and expectations towards Ayurveda. Statistical relationships were found between religious/spiritual backgrounds and decisions to offer/access Ayurveda. Accessing Ayurveda did not exclude the simultaneous use of modern medicine and CAM. From the majority's perspective Ayurveda is simultaneously a science, medicine, and a spiritual approach. Conclusion. Ayurveda seems to be able to satisfy the individual needs of therapists and patients, despite worldview differences. Ayurvedic concepts are based on anthropologic assumptions including different levels of existence in healing approaches. Thereby, Ayurveda can be seen in accordance with the prerequisites for a Whole Medical System. As a result of this, intimate and individual therapist-patient relationships can emerge. Larger surveys involving bigger participant numbers with fully validated questionnaires are warranted to support these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Kessler
- Department of Internal and Complementary Medicine, Immanuel Hospital and Institute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology & Health Economics, Charité-University Medical Center, Research Coordination, Königstraße 63, 14109 Berlin, Germany
| | - M. Wischnewsky
- eScience Center, University of Bremen, Universitätsallee, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - A. Michalsen
- Department of Internal and Complementary Medicine, Immanuel Hospital and Institute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology & Health Economics, Charité-University Medical Center, Research Coordination, Königstraße 63, 14109 Berlin, Germany
| | - C. Eisenmann
- Graduate School in History and Sociology, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - J. Melzer
- Institute of Complementary Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, 8001 Zurich, Switzerland
- Department for Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Königin-Elisabeth-Herzberge Hospital, 10365 Berlin, Germany
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Sussman S, Milam J, Arpawong TE, Tsai J, Black DS, Wills TA. Spirituality in addictions treatment: wisdom to know…what it is. Subst Use Misuse 2013; 48:1203-17. [PMID: 24041182 DOI: 10.3109/10826084.2013.800343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Spirituality has long been integrated into treatments for addiction. However, how spirituality differs from other related constructs and implications for recovery among nonspiritual persons remains a source of discussion. This article examines ways in which spirituality is delineated, identifies variables that might mediate the relations between spirituality and recovery from substance abuse disorders, describes distinctions between spiritual and nonspiritual facets of addictions treatment, and suggests means to assist in further clarification of this construct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve Sussman
- 1Departments of Preventive Medicine and Psychology, Institute for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Research, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA , USA
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Closs SJ, Edwards J, Swift C, Briggs M. Religious Identity and the Experience and Expression of Chronic Pain: A Review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/15228967.2013.778515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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de Jager Meezenbroek E, Garssen B, van den Berg M, van Dierendonck D, Visser A, Schaufeli WB. Measuring spirituality as a universal human experience: a review of spirituality questionnaires. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2012; 51:336-54. [PMID: 20645004 PMCID: PMC3372782 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-010-9376-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Spirituality is an important theme in health research, since a spiritual orientation can help people to cope with the consequences of a serious disease. Knowledge on the role of spirituality is, however, limited, as most research is based on measures of religiosity rather than spirituality. A questionnaire that transcends specific beliefs is a prerequisite for quantifying the importance of spirituality among people who adhere to a religion or none at all. In this review, we discuss ten questionnaires that address spirituality as a universal human experience. Questionnaires are evaluated with regard to psychometric properties, item formulation and confusion with well-being and distress. Although none of the questionnaires fulfilled all the criteria, the multidimensional Spiritual Well-Being Questionnaire is promising.
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Abolfathi Momtaz Y, Hamid TA, Ibrahim R, Yahaya N, Abdullah SS. Moderating effect of Islamic religiosity on the relationship between chronic medical conditions and psychological well-being among elderly Malays. Psychogeriatrics 2012; 12:43-53. [PMID: 22416828 DOI: 10.1111/j.1479-8301.2011.00381.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research has found that physical health decline in later life is associated with poor psychological well-being. This study aimed to examine the possible moderating effect of Islamic religiosity on the relationship between chronic medical conditions and psychological well-being. METHODS The sample for this study consisted of 1415 elderly Malay Muslims. It was obtained from a cross-sectional survey entitled 'Patterns of Social Relationship and Psychological Well-Being among Older Persons in Peninsular Malaysia', which conducted from 2007 to 2009, using a multistage stratified sampling procedure. Data collection was performed through face-to-face interviews. A four-step moderated hierarchical regression analysis using SPSS software for Windows and the 'ModGraph-2' software program was used to test the hypothesis. RESULTS Results of bivariate analysis showed, at certain levels of chronic medical conditions, older persons with a high level of religiosity reported significantly higher levels of psychological well-being compared to their counterparts with a low level of religiosity. Four-step moderated hierarchical regression analysis revealed that the negative effect of chronic medical conditions on psychological well-being is reduced by both personal and social religiosity (β = 0.07, P ≤ 0.01), after controlling for selected sociodemographic factors. CONCLUSION Taken together, these findings indicate that the depressogenic effect of physical illness is decreased by religiosity in chronically ill elderly people. The implications and limitations of the current study are discussed and recommendations for future research are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadollah Abolfathi Momtaz
- Department of Resource Management & Consumer Studies, Faculty of Human Ecology, Institute of Gerontology, Universiti Putra, Malaysia
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Hull SJ, Hennessy M, Bleakley A, Fishbein M, Jordan A. Identifying the causal pathways from religiosity to delayed adolescent sexual behavior. JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH 2011; 48:543-53. [PMID: 20960362 PMCID: PMC4558903 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2010.521868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
This study used the Integrative Model as a framework to examine whether religiosity delays onset of coitus among a longitudinal sample of virgins, and investigated the causal pathways of this relationship. In addition, this study examined the behavioral beliefs about the consequences of engaging in sex, which distinguishes between youth who vary in level of religiosity. A further analysis was also conducted to examine whether religiosity offers protective effects in terms of progression toward sexual intercourse on a sexual behavior index. The sexual behavior index assumes a progressive nature of sexual behaviors, and includes the following seven behaviors: kissing, having breasts touched (touching for boys), genital touching, receiving oral sex, vaginal intercourse, giving oral sex, and receiving (or giving) anal sex. Religiosity at baseline was negatively associated with sexual debut one year later. This relationship was mediated through attitudes toward personally engaging in sexual intercourse. Religiosity at baseline was also negatively associated with scores on the sexual behavior index one year later. These results suggest that religiosity offers protective effects for both coital and noncoital sexual behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawnika J Hull
- School of Journalism and Mass Communication , University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
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Hwang K, Hammer JH, Cragun RT. Extending religion-health research to secular minorities: issues and concerns. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2011; 50:608-622. [PMID: 19862619 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-009-9296-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Claims about religion's beneficial effects on physical and psychological health have received substantial attention in popular media, but empirical support for these claims is mixed. Many of these claims are tenuous because they fail to address basic methodological issues relating to construct validity, sampling methods or analytical problems. A more conceptual problem has to do with the near universal lack of atheist control samples. While many studies include samples of individuals classified as "low spirituality" or religious "nones", these groups are heterogeneous and contain only a fraction of members who would be considered truly secular. We illustrate the importance of including an atheist control group whenever possible in the religiosity/spirituality and health research and discuss areas for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Hwang
- Department of Outcomes Research, Kessler Foundation Research Center, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, West Orange, NJ 07052, USA.
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Development and Application of a Spiritual Well-Being Questionnaire Called SHALOM. RELIGIONS 2010. [DOI: 10.3390/rel1010105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Associations between religiosity and sexual and contraceptive behaviors. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2010; 23:290-7. [PMID: 20493738 PMCID: PMC2933332 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpag.2010.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2009] [Revised: 02/16/2010] [Accepted: 02/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE To determine associations between religiosity and female adolescents' sexual and contraceptive behaviors. DESIGN We conducted a secondary analysis on data from a randomized controlled trial comparing interventions designed to prevent pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). Multivariable modeling assessed the association between a religiosity index consisting of items related to religious behaviors and impact of religious beliefs on decisions and sexual outcomes. PARTICIPANTS 572 female adolescents aged 13 to 21, recruited via a hospital-based adolescent clinic and community-wide advertisements. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Sexual experience, pregnancy, STDs, number of lifetime partners, frequency of sexual activity, previous contraceptive use, and planned contraceptive use. RESULTS Mean participant age was 17.4 +/- 2.2 years and 68% had been sexually active. Most (74.1%) had a religious affiliation and over half (52.8%) reported that their religious beliefs impact their decision to have sex at least "somewhat." Multivariate analyses showed that, compared with those with low religiosity, those with high religiosity were less likely to have had sexual intercourse (OR = 0.23, 95% CI = 0.14, 0.39). Among sexually active participants, those with high religiosity were less likely to have been pregnant (OR = 0.46, 95% CI = 0.22, 0.97), to have had an STD (OR = 0.42, 95% CI = 0.22, 0.81), or to have had multiple (>or=4) lifetime partners (OR = 0.38, 95% CI = 0.21, 0.68) compared to those with low religiosity. Levels of religiosity were not significantly associated with frequency of intercourse, contraception use at last intercourse, or planned contraceptive use. CONCLUSION In this cohort, religiosity appeared to be a protective factor rather than a risk factor with regard to sexual behavior and was not associated with contraception use.
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Yehya NA, Dutta MJ. Health, religion, and meaning: a culture-centered study of Druze women. QUALITATIVE HEALTH RESEARCH 2010; 20:845-58. [PMID: 20181823 DOI: 10.1177/1049732310362400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Against the backdrop of contesting the mainstream biomedical models of health communication, the culture-centered approach suggests dialogic research methodologies to coconstruct meanings of health through direct engagement with cultural communities. In this project, we engaged in in-depth interviews and informal conversations with elderly Druze women and their caregiver daughters to develop an understanding of the intersections of religion and health meanings in the context of aging women in this Lebanese community. Attending to the cultural constructions of health, particularly in religious contexts, opens up the discursive spaces of health communication to alternative cosmologies of health, illness, healing, and curing. Four themes emerged as a result of our grounded theory analysis: health as faith; mistrust, privacy, and modern medicine; polymorphic health experiences; and health as structure. These themes serve as the backdrop for playing out the competing tensions between the local and the global in the realm of interpretations of health meanings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine A Yehya
- Department of Communication, Purdue University, Beering Hall of Liberal Arts and Education, Room 2114, 100 N.University St., West Lafayette, IN 47907-2098, USA.
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Chapman LK, Steger MF. Race and religion: differential prediction of anxiety symptoms by religious coping in African American and European American young adults. Depress Anxiety 2010; 27:316-22. [PMID: 20225240 DOI: 10.1002/da.20510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychosocial factors, including religious coping, consistently have been implicated in the expression of anxiety disorders. This study sought to investigate the relationship between religious coping on anxiety symptoms among a nonclinical sample of African American and European American young adults. METHODS One hundred twenty-one European American and 100 African American young adults completed measures of anxiety and religious coping. RESULTS As predicted, results differed according to race. African Americans reported significantly more positive religious coping, less negative religious coping, and experienced fewer anxiety symptoms than European Americans. European Americans demonstrated a significant, positive relationship between negative religious coping and anxiety symptoms, and an opposite trend related to anxiety and positive religious coping. However, no such relationships emerged among the African American sample. CONCLUSIONS Implications and suggestions for future research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Kevin Chapman
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA.
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Bekelman DB, Parry C, Curlin FA, Yamashita TE, Fairclough DL, Wamboldt FS. A comparison of two spirituality instruments and their relationship with depression and quality of life in chronic heart failure. J Pain Symptom Manage 2010; 39:515-26. [PMID: 20303028 PMCID: PMC2862901 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2009.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2008] [Revised: 08/25/2009] [Accepted: 08/29/2009] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Spirituality is a multifaceted construct related to health outcomes that remains ill defined and difficult to measure. Spirituality in patients with advanced chronic illnesses, such as chronic heart failure, has received limited attention. We compared two widely used spirituality instruments, the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Spiritual Well-Being (FACIT-Sp) and the Ironson-Woods Spirituality/Religiousness Index (IW), to better understand what they measure in 60 outpatients with chronic heart failure. We examined how these instruments related to each other and to measures of depression and quality of life using correlations and principal component analyses. The FACIT-Sp measured aspects of spirituality related to feelings of peace and coping, whereas the IW measured beliefs, coping, and relational aspects of spirituality. Only the FACIT-Sp Meaning/Peace subscale consistently correlated with depression (r=-0.50, P<0.0001) and quality of life (r=0.41, P=0.001). Three items from the depression measure loaded onto the same factor as the FACIT-Sp Meaning/Peace subscale (r=0.43, -0.43, and 0.71), whereas the remaining 12 items formed a separate factor (Cronbach's alpha=0.82) when combined with the spirituality instruments in a principal component analysis. The results demonstrate several clinically useful constructs of spirituality in patients with heart failure and suggest that psychological and spiritual well-being, despite some overlap, remain distinct phenomena.
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Morse CR, Afifi WA, Morgan SE, Stephenson MT, Reichert T, Harrison TR, Long SD. Religiosity, anxiety, and discussions about organ donation: understanding a complex system of associations. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2009; 24:156-164. [PMID: 19280459 DOI: 10.1080/10410230802676755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
An increasingly large research base on religiosity has shown it to have a buffering effect on anxiety. In a separate vein, scholars interested in organ donation have suggested that both religiosity and anxiety play roles in individuals' willingness to seek information concerning their decisions about organ donations with their family-an event that greatly increases donation rates. This investigation presents 2 studies that examine the associations between religiosity and anxiety (variously measured), on the one hand, and anxiety and individual's information seeking behaviors with family members about organ donation on the other. The first study offers national samples and relies on self-reports, whereas the second study is one of the few organ donation studies to provide observer ratings of interaction between family members on the issue. Results suggest a more complicated role of religiosity with regard to anxiety than previously believed and show a consistent and robust association between anxiety and communication behaviors regarding organ donation. Implications for campaigns are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris R Morse
- Communication Department, Bryant University, Smithfield, RI 02917, USA.
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Kinney AY, Coxworth JE, Simonson SE, Fanning JB. Religiosity, spirituality, and psychological distress in African-Americans at risk for having a hereditary cancer predisposing gene mutation. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS. PART C, SEMINARS IN MEDICAL GENETICS 2009; 151C:13-21. [PMID: 19170079 PMCID: PMC3040977 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.c.30194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Elevated psychological distress has been observed among people at increased risk for familial cancer. Researchers consider religiosity and spirituality (RS) to be positive coping mechanisms associated with reduced psychological distress. Relatively little is known about the impact of RS on genomic health issues. The objectives of our study were: (1) describe the prevalence of RS and depressive symptoms and (2) explore how RS relates to psychological distress in a cohort of individuals with a > or =25% prior probability of a genetic predisposition to cancer. Participants (n = 99) were drawn from an African-American, Louisiana-based kindred with a mutation at the BRCA1 locus. This analysis reports findings from a survey assessing RS and the use of three types of religious coping styles: collaborative, self-directing, and deferring. Clinically significant depressive symptoms were relatively high (27%); with females (33%) more likely than males (17%) to report symptoms (P < 0.01). The majority of participants reported being highly religious. The most commonly employed religious problem solving style used by participants was collaborative (X=22.9; SD=5.8) versus self-directing (X=12.8; SD = 5.1) and deferring (X=19.9; SD = 6.3). We did not observe significant associations between RS indicators and psychological distress, nor did we observe appreciable differences related to gender or risk perception. Although RS beliefs and practices are important for many African-Americans, we did not find evidence that indicators of self-reported RS are associated with psychological distress prior to genetic counseling and testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Y Kinney
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, 2000 Circle of Hope, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
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Idler EL, Boulifard DA, Labouvie E, Chen YY, Krause TJ, Contrada RJ. Looking Inside the Black Box of "Attendance at Services": New Measures for Exploring an Old Dimension in Religion and Health Research. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR THE PSYCHOLOGY OF RELIGION 2009; 19:1-20. [PMID: 19214241 PMCID: PMC2639769 DOI: 10.1080/10508610802471096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Research in religion and health has spurred new interest in measuring religiousness. Measurement efforts have focused on subjective facets of religiousness such as spirituality and beliefs, and less attention has been paid to congregate aspects, beyond the single item measuring attendance at services. We evaluate some new measures for religious experiences occurring during congregational worship services. Respondents (N=576) were religiously-diverse community-dwelling adults interviewed prior to cardiac surgery. Exploratory factor analysis of the new items with a pool of standard items yielded a readily interpretable solution, involving seven correlated but distinct factors and one index variable, with high levels of internal consistency. We describe religious affiliation and demographic differences in these measures. Attendance at religious services provides multifaceted physical, emotional, social, and spiritual experiences that may promote physical health through multiple pathways.
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Lewis LM. Spiritual assessment in African-Americans: a review of measures of spirituality used in health research. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2008; 47:458-75. [PMID: 19093674 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-007-9151-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A number of instruments have been developed for investigating relationships between spirituality and health, and have been used to assess spirituality in African-Americans. Yet, the cultural appropriateness for African-Americans of these instruments has not been investigated to date. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the construct validity and reliability of spirituality measures used in health research from 1982 to 2005. METHOD Systematic review of the literature. RESULTS Thirty five studies and five measures of spirituality met the inclusion criteria. Most of the spirituality measures were developed in primarily Caucasian-American samples. African-Americans were represented in 71% of the studies (n = 25) using spirituality measures in health research. Distinct cultural attributes of African-American spirituality were omitted in most of the spirituality measures. Two studies were retrieved in which psychometric evaluation was conducted in entirely African-American samples. DISCUSSION Spirituality is a significant cultural experience and belief that influences the health behaviors of African-Americans. The lack of a culturally appropriate measure of African-American spirituality is a major limitation of studies investigating spirituality and health in this population. Development of a culturally appropriate and sensitive measure of spirituality in African-Americans is suggested to strengthen the quality of research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Lewis
- Family and Community Health Department, School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, 420 Guardian Drive, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6096, USA.
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Relationships between religiosity, spirituality, and personality: A multivariate analysis. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2008.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Stephenson MT, Morgan SE, Roberts-Perez SD, Harrison T, Afifi W, Long SD. The role of religiosity, religious norms, subjective norms, and bodily integrity in signing an organ donor card. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2008; 23:436-447. [PMID: 18850391 DOI: 10.1080/10410230802342119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
This article examines the influence of religiosity, religious norms, subjective norms, and bodily integrity (the extent to which people think the body should remain unaltered after death) on intent to donate organs postmortem. A total of 4,426 participants from 6 universities completed surveys for this study. The results indicate that religiosity and religious norms had a nonsignificant effect on willingness to donate. In addition, attitudes toward donation had a weak positive relationship on intent to donate, whereas subjective norms exerted a modest positive relationship on intent to donate. Finally, the results reveal a strong direct and indirect effect of bodily integrity on intent to donate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T Stephenson
- Department of Communication, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-4234, USA
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Gunderman RB, Wilson PK. Spirituality in Medicine. J Am Coll Radiol 2008; 5:946-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacr.2007.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Heinz A, Epstein DH, Preston KL. Spiritual/Religious experiences and in-treatment outcome in an inner-city program for heroin and cocaine dependence. J Psychoactive Drugs 2007; 39:41-9. [PMID: 17523584 DOI: 10.1080/02791072.2007.10399863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Although spirituality is an integral component of some of the most popular approaches to substance abuse treatment, there is little empirical evidence for a causal relationship between spirituality and treatment success. In the present study, 169 (121 male) opiate- or cocaine-abusing treatment seekers completed the Index of Spiritual Experience (INSPIRIT), a questionnaire that assesses both spirituality and religiosity. Responses were analyzed in terms of demographic variables and in-treatment outcome, which was determined by treatment retention and drug screens from observed biweekly urine collections. Religious/spiritual beliefs were common in these participants and were associated with in-treatment outcome: total INSPIRIT score was weakly correlated (r = .16, p < .04) with number of subsequent cocaine-negative urines, and participants reporting that they frequently spent time on religious/spiritual activities showed significantly better outcomes in terms of subsequent drug use and treatment retention. Women and African Americans were more likely than men and non-African Americans to report religious and spiritual beliefs or experiences on several individual items, and African Americans had higher INSPIRIT scores than Caucasians. The results suggest that spiritual and religious experience plays a role in substance abuse recovery and that demographic characteristics should be considered in the design of spiritually oriented behavioral interventions for addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrienne Heinz
- Clinical Pharmacology and Treatment Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Bresnahan M, Lee SY, Smith SW, Shearman S, Nebashi R, Park CY, Yoo J. A theory of planned behavior study of college students' intention to register as organ donors in Japan, Korea, and the United States. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2007; 21:201-11. [PMID: 17567252 DOI: 10.1080/10410230701307436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated willingness of Americans, Koreans, and Japanese to register as organ donors using the theory of planned behavior. Although previous research showed that attitude toward donation and communication with family predicted organ donation behaviors for respondents in the United States, these variables were also significant for respondents in Japan and Korea. Perceived behavioral control predicted intention to register for Japanese participants whereas knowledge about organ donation was associated with reluctance to register for Koreans. Spiritual connection and concern were shown to be causal factors underlying attitude in all 3 countries. In spite of positive attitudes toward organ donation and comparable knowledge with Americans and Japanese, most Korean participants declined to take an application to register as a donor. Implications of these findings for future research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Bresnahan
- Department of Communication, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824-1212, USA.
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Bresnahan M, Lee SY, Smith SW, Shearman S, Yoo JH. Reservations of the spirit: the development of a culturally sensitive spiritual beliefs scale about organ donation. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2007; 21:45-54. [PMID: 17461751 DOI: 10.1080/10410230701283355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated whether spiritual beliefs offered any explanation for why participants from Korea (N = 146), Japan (N = 134), and the United States (N = 146) were willing or reluctant to register as organ donors. A culturally appropriate measure of spiritual beliefs about organ donation, the Spiritual Beliefs Scale, was developed consisting of 2 factors: (a) Spiritual Connection and (b) Spiritual Concern. Spiritual Connection was a significant predictor of behavioral intention to become an organ donor for Korean respondents, whereas Spiritual Concern was a significant predictor of reluctance to become an organ donor for American respondents. Spiritual beliefs correlated as predicted with attitude toward organ donation and fear of bodily mutilation, showing that the Spiritual Beliefs Scale exhibited internal, external, and predictive validity. Across the 3-country sample, Spiritual Connection was associated with greater willingness to become an organ donor for women, whereas Spiritual Concern inhibited participation for men. Implications of these findings are discussed for developing culturally effective education and procurement campaigns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Bresnahan
- Department of Communication, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MS 48824-1212, USA.
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Robertson SM, Murphy DJ, Davis LA. Social and Emotional Impacts of Farmwork Injuries: An Exploratory Study. J Rural Health 2006; 22:26-35. [PMID: 16441333 DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-0361.2006.00001.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT The physical hazards of farming have been extensively studied and reported upon. Far less studied are the social and emotional impacts of farmwork injuries and deaths. PURPOSE To investigate and document broad but targeted issues regarding the impact on individuals, families, and communities of farmwork injuries and fatalities of farmer leaders. METHODS Ten incidents of farmwork injuries with disabilities or fatalities in Pennsylvania were used for a collective case study. Data were collected through a total of 47 interview sessions with 66 individuals including next of kin, other family members, injured persons, and community members. Thematic analysis was used to identify themes and issues in this descriptive study. FINDINGS Community members missed the rich, broad, and comprehensive skills, abilities, and perspectives that farmers brought to community service. Participants expressed that the community assistance and support provided to injured persons and families benefited not only the injured persons and their families and farms but also the community members. Participants reported emotional anguish and loss as well as positive transformations and consequences. As expressed by participants, God and religion play an important role in their beliefs regarding the occurrence and outcome of farmwork injury incidents. CONCLUSIONS Social and emotional impacts on individuals, families, and communities are varied and multileveled. The role that religion and storytelling play in the process of dealing with serious injury incidents raises questions regarding agricultural injury prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Robertson
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
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Golden AG, Kirby EL, Jorgenson J. Chapter 4: Work-Life Research from Both Sides Now: An Integrative Perspective for Organizational and Family Communication. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1207/s15567419cy3001_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Evans W. Bibliography. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2004; 16:507-515. [PMID: 15465693 DOI: 10.1207/s15327027hc1604_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- William Evans
- Department of Telecommunication & Film, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa 35487-0172, USA.
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