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Li S, Zhu S, Yu J. The role of gut microbiota and metabolites in cancer chemotherapy. J Adv Res 2024; 64:223-235. [PMID: 38013112 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2023.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The microbiota inhabits the epithelial surfaces of hosts, which influences physiological functions from helping digest food and acquiring nutrition to regulate metabolism and shaping host immunity. With the deep insight into the microbiota, an increasing amount of research reveals that it is also involved in the initiation and progression of cancer. Intriguingly, gut microbiota can mediate the biotransformation of drugs, thereby altering their bioavailability, bioactivity, or toxicity. AIM OF REVIEW The review aims to elaborate on the role of gut microbiota and microbial metabolites in the efficacy and adverse effects of chemotherapeutics. Furthermore, we discuss the clinical potential of various ways to harness gut microbiota for cancer chemotherapy. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW Recent evidence shows that gut microbiota modulates the efficacy and toxicity of chemotherapy agents, leading to diverse host responses to chemotherapy. Thereinto, targeting the microbiota to improve efficacy and diminish the toxicity of chemotherapeutic drugs may be a promising strategy in tumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Li
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK-Shenzhen research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shuangli Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Yu
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK-Shenzhen research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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2
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Ghali ENHK, Pranav, Chauhan SC, Yallapu MM. Inulin-based formulations as an emerging therapeutic strategy for cancer: A comprehensive review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 259:129216. [PMID: 38185294 PMCID: PMC10922702 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Cancer stands as the second leading cause of death in the United States (US). Most chemotherapeutic agents exhibit severe adverse effects that are attributed to exposure of drugs to off-target tissues, posing a significant challenge in cancer therapy management. In recent years, inulin, a naturally occurring prebiotic fiber has gained substantial attention for its potential in cancer treatment owing to its multitudinous health values. Its distinctive structure, stability, and nutritional properties position it as an effective adjuvant and carrier for drug delivery in cancer therapy. To address some of the above unmet clinical issues, this review summarizes the recent efforts towards the development of inulin-based nanomaterials and nanocomposites for healthcare applications with special emphasis on the multifunctional role of inulin in cancer therapy as a synergist, signaling molecule, immunomodulatory and anticarcinogenic molecule. Furthermore, the review provides a concise overview of ongoing clinical trials and observational studies associated with inulin-based therapy. In conclusion, the current review offers insights on the significant role of inulin interventions in exploring its potential as a therapeutic agent to treat cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eswara Naga Hanuma Kumar Ghali
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA; South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA
| | - Pranav
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA; South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA
| | - Subhash C Chauhan
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA; South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA.
| | - Murali M Yallapu
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA; South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA.
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3
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Fortman DD, Hurd D, Davar D. The Microbiome in Advanced Melanoma: Where Are We Now? Curr Oncol Rep 2023; 25:997-1016. [PMID: 37269504 PMCID: PMC11090495 DOI: 10.1007/s11912-023-01431-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review summarizes recent data linking gut microbiota composition to ICI outcomes and gut microbiota-specific interventional clinical trials in melanoma. RECENT FINDINGS Preclinical and clinical studies have demonstrated the effects of the gut microbiome modulation upon ICI response in advanced melanoma, with growing evidence supporting the ability of the gut microbiome to restore or improve ICI response in advanced melanoma through dietary fiber, probiotics, and FMT. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) targeting the PD-1, CTLA-4, and LAG-3 negative regulatory checkpoints have transformed the management of melanoma. ICIs are FDA-approved in advanced metastatic disease, stage III resected melanoma, and high-risk stage II melanoma and are being investigated more recently in the management of high-risk resectable melanoma in the peri-operative setting. The gut microbiome has emerged as an important tumor-extrinsic modulator of both response and immune-related adverse event (irAE) development in ICI-treated cancer in general, and melanoma in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan D Fortman
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) and University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Drew Hurd
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pavilion, Suite 1.32d, 5115, Center Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Diwakar Davar
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pavilion, Suite 1.32d, 5115, Center Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
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4
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Chen Y, Liao X, Li Y, Cao H, Zhang F, Fei B, Bao C, Cao H, Mao Y, Chen X, Gao X, Zhao W, Xu J. Effects of prebiotic supplement on gut microbiota, drug bioavailability, and adverse effects in patients with colorectal cancer at different primary tumor locations receiving chemotherapy: study protocol for a randomized clinical trial. Trials 2023; 24:268. [PMID: 37046334 PMCID: PMC10091326 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-023-07137-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of colorectal cancer (CRC) worldwide is a huge challenge to human health. Primary tumor locations found to impact prognosis and response to therapy. The important role of gut microbiota in the progression and treatment of CRC has led to many attempts of alleviating chemotherapy-induced adverse effects using microecologics. However, the underlying mechanism of the difference in the prognosis of different primary tumor locations and the synergistic effect of prebiotics on chemotherapy need to be further elucidated. This study aims to explore the differences in tumor microbiota and examine the effectiveness of xylooligosaccharides (XOS) on gut microbiota, adverse effects, and bioavailability of chemotherapy drugs in CRC patients at different primary tumor locations. METHODS This is a double-blinded, randomized, parallel controlled clinical trial. Participants with left-sided CRC (LSCRC, n = 50) and right-sided CC (RSCC, n = 50) will randomly allocated to prebiotic group (n = 25) or control group (n = 25) and will receive either a daily XOS (3 g/day) or placebo, respectively, for 12 weeks. The primary outcomes will be the differences in the mucosa microbiota composition at different tumor locations and differences in gut microbiota composition, adverse effects, and blood concentration of capecitabine posttreatment. The secondary outcomes will include other blood indicators, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) concentration, quality of life, and mental health. DISCUSSION This study will reveal the potential benefits of prebiotic for improving the gut microbiota composition, alleviating the adverse effects, and improving the efficacy of chemotherapy in patients with CRC. In addition, this study will provide data on the different distribution of tumor microbiota and the different changes of gut microbiota during treatment in LSCRC and RSCC, which may provide novel insights into personalized cancer treatment strategies based on primary tumor locations and gut microbiota in the future. TRIAL REGISTRATION Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ( www.chictr.org.cn ): ChiCTR2100046237. Registered on 12 May 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Xiaowei Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Yanmin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Hong Cao
- Department of Nutrition, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Nutrition, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Bojian Fei
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Chuanqing Bao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Huaxiang Cao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Yong Mao
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Xiaoping Chen
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
| | - Jianmin Xu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
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5
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Chrysostomou D, Roberts LA, Marchesi JR, Kinross JM. Gut Microbiota Modulation of Efficacy and Toxicity of Cancer Chemotherapy and Immunotherapy. Gastroenterology 2023; 164:198-213. [PMID: 36309208 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2022.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence supports not only the functional role of the gut microbiome in cancer development and progression but also its role in defining the efficacy and toxicity of chemotherapeutic agents (5-fluorouracil, cyclophosphamide, irinotecan, oxaliplatin, gemcitabine, methotrexate) and immunotherapeutic compounds (anti-programmed death-ligand 1/anti-programmed cell death protein 1 and anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4). This evidence is supported in numerous in vitro, animal, and clinical studies that highlight the importance of microbial mechanisms in defining therapeutic responses. The microbiome therefore shapes oncologic outcomes and is now being leveraged for the development of novel personalized therapeutic approaches in cancer treatment. However, if the microbiome is to be successfully translated into next-generation oncologic treatments, a new multimodal model of the oncomicrobiome must be conceptualized that incorporates gut microbial cometabolism of pharmacologic agents into cancer care. The objective of this review is therefore to outline the current knowledge of oncologic pharmacomicrobiomics and to describe how the multiparametric functions of the gut microbiome influence treatment response across cancer types. The secondary objective is to propose innovative approaches for modulating the gut microbiome in clinical environments that improve therapy efficacy and diminish toxic effects derived from antineoplastic agents for patient benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Despoina Chrysostomou
- Centre for Digestive Diseases, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lauren A Roberts
- Centre for Digestive Diseases, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Julian R Marchesi
- Centre for Digestive Diseases, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - James M Kinross
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.
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6
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Tuorkey M, Khedr Y, Aborhyem S, Xue X. Green synthesis of chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) Chitosan nanoparticles and evaluation of their anti-fungal, anti-hemolytic, and anti-cancer activities. J BIOACT COMPAT POL 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/08839115221126737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Chicory ( Cichorium intybus L.) is widely consumed as a food plant in many regions of the world and has been involved in traditional medicine due to its unique contents of phytochemicals. We aimed to investigate the anti-fungal, anti-hemolytic, and anti-cancer activities of chicory roots and leaves ethanolic extracts, and their Chitosan nanoparticles (Chit NPs) formulations. The ethanolic extract of chicory roots and leaves were microencapsulated into Chit NPs. The anti-hemolytic, anti-fungal, and anti-cancer activity of chicory extracts and their Chit-NPs were investigated, along with an in vitro toxicological study. Chicory extracts encapsulation into Chit NPs increased their anti-fungal activity against two fungal pathogens, Candida albicans and Aspergillus flavus. Chicory extracts and their Chit NPs appeared strong anti-hemolytic activity in hypotonic media. Due to microencapsulation of roots and leaves extracts into Chit NPs, the IC50 was decreased 2.49 and 2.6-folds in HepG2 and MCF-7 cell lines, and 6.31 and 5.50-folds in HepG2 and MCF-7 cell lines, respectively. The in vitro toxicological study revealed that the IC50 of chicory roots (56.84 ± 6.4 μg/ml) and leaves (45.51 ± 4.2 μg/ml) decreased 8.45 and 6.77-folds in the normal human fibroblasts (WI38) cell line, compared to Doxorubicin (6.72 ± 0.5 μg/ml). Microencapsulation of extracts into Chit NPs increased their toxicity 2.43-folds for Chit-Roots NPs (IC50 = 23.35 ± 2.3 μg/ml) and 1.22-fold for Chit-Leaves NPs (IC50 = 37.29 ± 2.9 μg/ml). Chicory-Chit NPs possess promising anti-cancer and anti-hemolytic activities. It is worth for further testing their efficacy and toxicity in pre-clinical animal models as well as clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muobarak Tuorkey
- Division of Physiology, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Yasser Khedr
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Samar Aborhyem
- Department of Nutrition, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Xiang Xue
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA
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7
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Greathouse KL, Wyatt M, Johnson AJ, Toy EP, Khan JM, Dunn K, Clegg DJ, Reddy S. Diet-microbiome interactions in cancer treatment: Opportunities and challenges for precision nutrition in cancer. Neoplasia 2022; 29:100800. [PMID: 35500546 PMCID: PMC9065883 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2022.100800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Dietary patterns contribute to cancer risk. Separately, microbial factors influence the development of several cancers. However, the interaction of diet and the microbiome and their joint contribution to cancer treatment response needs more research. The microbiome significantly impacts drug metabolism, immune activation, and response to immunotherapy. One of the critical factors affecting the microbiome structure and function is diet. Data demonstrate that the diet and microbiome composition affects the immune response. Moreover, malnutrition is a significant confounder to cancer therapy response. There is little understanding of the interaction of malnutrition with the microbiome in the context of cancer. This review aims to address the current knowledge of dietary intake patterns and malnutrition among cancer patients and the impact on treatment outcomes. Second, this review will provide evidence linking the microbiome to cancer treatment response and provide evidence of the potentially strong effect that diet could have on this interaction. This review will formulate critical questions that will need further research to understand the diet-microbiome relationship in cancer treatment response and directions for future research to guide us to precision nutrition therapy to improve cancer outcomes.
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8
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Ting NLN, Lau HCH, Yu J. Cancer pharmacomicrobiomics: targeting microbiota to optimise cancer therapy outcomes. Gut 2022; 71:1412-1425. [PMID: 35277453 PMCID: PMC9185832 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2021-326264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Despite the promising advances in novel cancer therapy such as immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), limitations including therapeutic resistance and toxicity remain. In recent years, the relationship between gut microbiota and cancer has been extensively studied. Accumulating evidence reveals the role of microbiota in defining cancer therapeutic efficacy and toxicity. Unlike host genetics, microbiota can be easily modified via multiple strategies, including faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), probiotics and antibiotics. Preclinical studies have identified the mechanisms on how microbes influence cancer treatment outcomes. Clinical trials have also demonstrated the potential of microbiota modulation in cancer treatments. Herein, we review the mechanistic insights of gut microbial interactions with chemotherapy and ICIs, particularly focusing on the interplay between gut bacteria and the pharmacokinetics (eg, metabolism, enzymatic degradation) or pharmacodynamics (eg, immunomodulation) of cancer treatment. The translational potential of basic findings in clinical settings is then explored, including using microbes as predictive biomarkers and microbial modulation by antibiotics, probiotics, prebiotics, dietary modulations and FMT. We further discuss the current limitations of gut microbiota modulation in patients with cancer and suggest essential directions for future study. In the era of personalised medicine, it is crucial to understand the microbiota and its interactions with cancer. Manipulating the gut microbiota to augment cancer therapeutic responses can provide new insights into cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick Lung-Ngai Ting
- Institute of Digestive Disease and The Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Harry Cheuk-Hay Lau
- Institute of Digestive Disease and The Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jun Yu
- Institute of Digestive Disease and The Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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9
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Guo Q, Qin H, Liu X, Zhang X, Chen Z, Qin T, Chang L, Zhang W. The Emerging Roles of Human Gut Microbiota in Gastrointestinal Cancer. Front Immunol 2022; 13:915047. [PMID: 35784372 PMCID: PMC9240199 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.915047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota is composed of a large number of microorganisms with a complex structure. It participates in the decomposition, digestion, and absorption of nutrients; promotes the development of the immune system; inhibits the colonization of pathogens; and thus modulates human health. In particular, the relationship between gut microbiota and gastrointestinal tumor progression has attracted widespread concern. It was found that the gut microbiota can influence gastrointestinal tumor progression in independent ways. Here, we focused on the distribution of gut microbiota in gastrointestinal tumors and further elaborated on the impact of gut microbiota metabolites, especially short-chain fatty acids, on colorectal cancer progression. Additionally, the effects of gut microbiota on gastrointestinal tumor therapy are outlined. Finally, we put forward the possible problems in gut microbiota and the gastrointestinal oncology field and the efforts we need to make.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Qianqian Guo, ; Wenzhou Zhang,
| | - Hai Qin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Guizhou Provincial Orthopedic Hospital, Guiyang City, China
| | - Xueling Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xinxin Zhang
- The Second Clinical Medical School of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zelong Chen
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Henan Province Engineering Research Center of Artificial Intelligence and Internet of Things Wise Medical, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Tingting Qin
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Linlin Chang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wenzhou Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Qianqian Guo, ; Wenzhou Zhang,
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10
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Zhou Y, Liu Z, Chen T. Gut Microbiota: A Promising Milestone in Enhancing the Efficacy of PD1/PD-L1 Blockade Therapy. Front Oncol 2022; 12:847350. [PMID: 35252014 PMCID: PMC8890472 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.847350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past few decades, immunotherapy has emerged as one of the most promising strategies among current treatments of cancer. In particular, the field of PD1/PD-L1 inhibitors has been boosted, widely applied into clinical practice with potent therapeutic efficacy and remarkable survival benefits on various cancers such as melanoma, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and urothelial carcinoma (UC). However, the application of PD1/PD-L1 blockade therapy is still quite restricted because of unexpected toxicities, limited response rate, as well as associated resistance. In consequence, searching for potential strategies that possibly resolve the existing limitations and enhance the therapeutic responsiveness of PD1/PD-L1 blockade is of great significance. Fortunately, the gut microbiome has been demonstrated to serve as a pivotal regulator in anti-PD1/PD-L1 therapy, providing an applicable tool to improve anti-PD1/PD-L1 clinical efficacy. In this review, we summarized published advancements about how microbiota modulated in anti-PD1/PD-L1 therapy and illustrated its underlying mechanisms, giving insights into putative manipulation of gut microbiota to facilitate PD1/PD-L1 blockade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Queen Mary School, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhaoxia Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Tingtao Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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11
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Spot-light on microbiota in obesity and cancer. Int J Obes (Lond) 2021; 45:2291-2299. [PMID: 34363002 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-021-00866-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Over the last few years, the complexity and diversity of gut microbiota within and across individuals has been detailed in relation to human health. Further, understanding of the bidirectional association between gut microbiota and metabolic disorders has highlighted a complimentary, yet crucial role for microbiota in the onset and progression of obesity-related cancers. While strategies for cancer prevention and cure are known to work efficiently when supported by healthy diet and lifestyle choices and physical activity, emerging evidence suggests that the complex interplay relating microbiota both to neoplastic and metabolic diseases could aid strategies for cancer treatment and outcomes. This review will explore the experimental and clinical grounds supporting the functional role of gut microbiota in the pathophysiology and progression of cancers in relation to obesity and its metabolic correlates. Therapeutic approaches aiding microbiota restoration in connection with cancer treatments will be discussed.
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12
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Roberto M, Carconi C, Cerreti M, Schipilliti FM, Botticelli A, Mazzuca F, Marchetti P. The Challenge of ICIs Resistance in Solid Tumours: Could Microbiota and Its Diversity Be Our Secret Weapon? Front Immunol 2021; 12:704942. [PMID: 34489956 PMCID: PMC8417795 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.704942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The human microbiota and its functional interaction with the human body were recently returned to the spotlight of the scientific community. In light of the extensive implementation of newer and increasingly precise genome sequencing technologies, bioinformatics, and culturomic, we now have an extraordinary ability to study the microorganisms that live within the human body. Most of the recent studies only focused on the interaction between the intestinal microbiota and one other factor. Considering the complexity of gut microbiota and its role in the pathogenesis of numerous cancers, our aim was to investigate how microbiota is affected by intestinal microenvironment and how microenvironment alterations may influence the response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). In this context, we show how diet is emerging as a fundamental determinant of microbiota’s community structure and function. Particularly, we describe the role of certain dietary factors, as well as the use of probiotics, prebiotics, postbiotics, and antibiotics in modifying the human microbiota. The modulation of gut microbiota may be a secret weapon to potentiate the efficacy of immunotherapies. In addition, this review sheds new light on the possibility of administering fecal microbiota transplantation to modulate the gut microbiota in cancer treatment. These concepts and how these findings can be translated into the therapeutic response to cancer immunotherapies will be presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Roberto
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sant' Andrea University Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Medical Oncology Unit, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Catia Carconi
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sant' Andrea University Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Micaela Cerreti
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sant' Andrea University Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Matilde Schipilliti
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sant' Andrea University Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Botticelli
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sant' Andrea University Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Medical Oncology Unit, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Mazzuca
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sant' Andrea University Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Marchetti
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sant' Andrea University Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Medical Oncology Unit, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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13
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Nutritional Interventions Targeting Gut Microbiota during Cancer Therapies. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9071469. [PMID: 34361904 PMCID: PMC8303428 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9071469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome is increasingly being recognized for its influence on intestinal and extra-intestinal disorders such as cancer. Today, diet is the most studied environmental modulator of gut microbiota, capable of altering or improving it in terms of richness and diversity. Recent evidence from several preclinical and clinical trials suggested that gut microbiota composition could modulate cancer therapies (toxicities, treatment responses) and vice versa. This review highlights the latest research on the bidirectional associations between gut microbiota and cancer. We also dissect the role of gut microbiota during cancer therapies in terms of toxicity and treatment response and, in turn, how cancer therapies could impact gut microbiota composition and functions. In this context, we summarize the state-of-the-art research regarding the role of various nutritional interventions-prebiotics, dietary strategies, and dietary restrictions-as cutting-edge possibilities to modulate gut microbiota during cancer therapies.
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Mohamed A, Menon H, Chulkina M, Yee NS, Pinchuk IV. Drug-Microbiota Interaction in Colon Cancer Therapy: Impact of Antibiotics. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9030259. [PMID: 33807878 PMCID: PMC7999677 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9030259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Colon adenocarcinoma is one of the most common malignancies, and it is highly lethal. Chemotherapy plays an important role in the treatment of colon cancer at various stages of the disease. The gut microbiome has emerged as a key player in colon cancer development and progression, and it can also alter the therapeutic agent's efficacy and toxicities. Antibiotics can directly and/or indirectly affect the balance of the gut microbiome and, therefore, the clinical outcomes. In this article, we provided an overview of the composition of the gut microbiome under homeostasis and the mechanistic links between gut microbiota and colon cancer. The relationship between the use of oral antibiotics and colon cancer, as well as the impact of the gut microbiome on the efficacy and toxicities of chemotherapy in colon cancer, are discussed. Potential interventions to modulate microbiota and improve chemotherapy outcomes are discussed. Further studies are indicated to address these key gaps in the field and provide a scientific basis for the design of novel microbiota-based approaches for prevention/use as adjuvant therapeutics for patients with colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Mohamed
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Penn State Cancer Institute, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (A.M.); (H.M.)
| | - Harry Menon
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Penn State Cancer Institute, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (A.M.); (H.M.)
| | - Marina Chulkina
- Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis Program, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Penn State Cancer Institute, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA;
| | - Nelson S. Yee
- Next-Generation Therapies Program, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Penn State Cancer Institute, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
- Correspondence: (N.S.Y.); (I.V.P.); Tel.: +1-717-531-8678 (N.S.Y.); +1-713-301-8025 (I.V.P.)
| | - Irina V. Pinchuk
- Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis Program, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Penn State Cancer Institute, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA;
- Correspondence: (N.S.Y.); (I.V.P.); Tel.: +1-717-531-8678 (N.S.Y.); +1-713-301-8025 (I.V.P.)
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Ladaycia A, Loretz B, Passirani C, Lehr CM, Lepeltier E. Microbiota and cancer: In vitro and in vivo models to evaluate nanomedicines. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 170:44-70. [PMID: 33388279 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Nanomedicine implication in cancer treatment and diagnosis studies witness huge attention, especially with the promising results obtained in preclinical studies. Despite this, only few nanomedicines succeeded to pass clinical phase. The human microbiota plays obvious roles in cancer development. Nanoparticles have been successfully used to modulate human microbiota and notably tumor associated microbiota. Taking the microbiota involvement under consideration when testing nanomedicines for cancer treatment might be a way to improve the poor translation from preclinical to clinical trials. Co-culture models of bacteria and cancer cells, as well as animal cancer-microbiota models offer a better representation for the tumor microenvironment and so potentially better platforms to test nanomedicine efficacy in cancer treatment. These models would allow closer representation of human cancer and might smoothen the passage from preclinical to clinical cancer studies for nanomedicine efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Dorothea Wagner
- Anna Dorothea Wagner, MD; Berna Özdemir, MD, PhD; and Chantal Csajka, PhD, University Hospital Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Berna Özdemir
- Anna Dorothea Wagner, MD; Berna Özdemir, MD, PhD; and Chantal Csajka, PhD, University Hospital Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Chantal Csajka
- Anna Dorothea Wagner, MD; Berna Özdemir, MD, PhD; and Chantal Csajka, PhD, University Hospital Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Immunomodulatory activity of non starch polysaccharides isolated from green gram (Vigna radiata). Food Res Int 2018; 113:269-276. [PMID: 30195521 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Green gram, rich in dietary fiber is known to enhance the function of immune system. However information pertaining to the immunomodulatory potential of its non starch polysaccharides (NSPs) is scanty. Hence, five different NSPs were extracted successively using water (WSP), hot water (55 o C, HWSP), EDTA (0.5%, Pectins) and alkali (10%, Hemicellulose A and B) which varied in their arabinose to galactose ratio, sugar, protein, uronic acid contents, molecular weight distribution and immunomodulatory activity. Hemicellulose B was relatively rich in carbohydrate content (~95%) and also possessed potent immunomodulatory activity among the various NSPs. Hemicellulose B was further fractionated on DEAE-cellulose column into six different fractions by eluting step-wise with water, ammonium carbonate (0.1, 0.2, 0.3 M AC) and sodium hydroxide (0.1 and 0.2 M NaOH). 0.1 M AC eluted fraction was found to be the major one amounting to ~ 50% yield and showed relatively significant (p < 0.001) activity towards splenocyte proliferation and macrophage activation as compared with rest of the DEAE eluted fractions.
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Panebianco C, Andriulli A, Pazienza V. Pharmacomicrobiomics: exploiting the drug-microbiota interactions in anticancer therapies. MICROBIOME 2018; 6:92. [PMID: 29789015 PMCID: PMC5964925 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-018-0483-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a major health burden worldwide, and despite continuous advances in medical therapies, resistance to standard drugs and adverse effects still represent an important cause of therapeutic failure. There is a growing evidence that gut bacteria can affect the response to chemo- and immunotherapeutic drugs by modulating either efficacy or toxicity. Moreover, intratumor bacteria have been shown to modulate chemotherapy response. At the same time, anticancer treatments themselves significantly affect the microbiota composition, thus disrupting homeostasis and exacerbating discomfort to the patient. Here, we review the existing knowledge concerning the role of the microbiota in mediating chemo- and immunotherapy efficacy and toxicity and the ability of these therapeutic options to trigger dysbiotic condition contributing to the severity of side effects. In addition, we discuss the use of probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, postbiotics, and antibiotics as emerging strategies for manipulating the microbiota in order to improve therapeutic outcome or at least ensure patients a better quality of life all along of anticancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Concetta Panebianco
- Division of Gastroenterology, IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza" Hospital, Viale dei Cappuccini, 1, 71013, San Giovanni Rotondo, FG, Italy
| | - Angelo Andriulli
- Division of Gastroenterology, IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza" Hospital, Viale dei Cappuccini, 1, 71013, San Giovanni Rotondo, FG, Italy
| | - Valerio Pazienza
- Division of Gastroenterology, IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza" Hospital, Viale dei Cappuccini, 1, 71013, San Giovanni Rotondo, FG, Italy.
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Abstract
Evidence is growing that the gut microbiota modulates the host response to chemotherapeutic drugs, with three main clinical outcomes: facilitation of drug efficacy; abrogation and compromise of anticancer effects; and mediation of toxicity. The implication is that gut microbiota are critical to the development of personalized cancer treatment strategies and, therefore, a greater insight into prokaryotic co-metabolism of chemotherapeutic drugs is now required. This thinking is based on evidence from human, animal and in vitro studies that gut bacteria are intimately linked to the pharmacological effects of chemotherapies (5-fluorouracil, cyclophosphamide, irinotecan, oxaliplatin, gemcitabine, methotrexate) and novel targeted immunotherapies such as anti-PD-L1 and anti-CLTA-4 therapies. The gut microbiota modulate these agents through key mechanisms, structured as the 'TIMER' mechanistic framework: Translocation, Immunomodulation, Metabolism, Enzymatic degradation, and Reduced diversity and ecological variation. The gut microbiota can now, therefore, be targeted to improve efficacy and reduce the toxicity of current chemotherapy agents. In this Review, we outline the implications of pharmacomicrobiomics in cancer therapeutics and define how the microbiota might be modified in clinical practice to improve efficacy and reduce the toxic burden of these compounds.
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Abstract
The human gut microbiome modulates many host processes, including metabolism, inflammation, and immune and cellular responses. It is becoming increasingly apparent that the microbiome can also influence the development of cancer. In preclinical models, the host response to cancer treatment has been improved by modulating the gut microbiome; this is known to have an altered composition in many diseases, including cancer. In addition, cancer treatment with microbial agents or their products has the potential to shrink tumours. However, the microbiome could also negatively influence cancer prognosis through the production of potentially oncogenic toxins and metabolites by bacteria. Thus, future antineoplastic treatments could combine the modulation of the microbiome and its products with immunotherapeutics and more conventional approaches that directly target malignant cells.
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Matvieieva N, Shakhovsky A, Kvasko O, Kuchuk N. High frequency genetic transformation of Cichorium intybus L. using nptll gene as a selective marker. CYTOL GENET+ 2015. [DOI: 10.3103/s0095452715040052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Savitha Prashanth MR, Shruthi RR, Muralikrishna G. Immunomodulatory activity of purified arabinoxylans from finger millet (Eleusine coracana, v. Indaf 15) bran. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2014; 52:6049-54. [PMID: 26345027 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-014-1664-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Biological activities of alkali extracted (Barium hydroxide: BE-480 kDa, Potassium hydroxide: KE1-1080 and KE2-40 kDa), purified arabinoxylans (AX) from the finger millet bran varying in their molecular weight, phenolic acid content, arabinose to xylose ratios were evaluated for their immune-stimulatory activities using murine lymphocytes and peritoneal exudate macrophages. All three purified AX displayed significant (p < 0.001) mitogenic activity and activation of macrophages including phagocytosis. Among these BE has shown higher enhancing lymphocyte proliferation (>2 fold) and macrophage phagocytosis than KE1 and KE2. The above results clearly documented that the immunostimulatory activity of arabinoxylans is directly proportional to the amount of ferulic acid content (0.11 mg/100 g), whereas molecular weight as well as arabinose/xylose ratio, did not have any bearing. Purified AX from the finger millet bran can be explored as a potent natural immunomodulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Savitha Prashanth
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, 570 020 Karnataka India
| | - R R Shruthi
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, 570 020 Karnataka India
| | - G Muralikrishna
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, 570 020 Karnataka India
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Vogt L, Meyer D, Pullens G, Faas M, Smelt M, Venema K, Ramasamy U, Schols HA, De Vos P. Immunological Properties of Inulin-Type Fructans. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2014; 55:414-36. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2012.656772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Schoener CA, Carillo-Conde B, Hutson HN, Peppas NA. An inulin and doxorubicin conjugate for improving cancer therapy. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2013; 23:111-118. [PMID: 24734120 DOI: 10.1016/s1773-2247(13)50018-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Chemotherapy is one of the primary treatment mechanisms for treating cancer. Current chemotherapy is systemically delivered and causes significant side effects; therefore the development of new chemotherapeutic agents or enhancing the effectiveness of current chemotherapeutic could prove vital to patients and cancer care. The purpose of this research was to develop a new conjugate composed of doxorubicin (chemotherapeutic) and inulin (polysaccharide chain) and evaluate its potential as a new therapeutic agent for cancer treatment. The synergistic effect of inulin conjugated to doxorubicin has allowed the same cytotoxic response to be maintained or improved at lower doses as compared to doxorubicin. Supporting results include cytotoxicity profiles, calf thymus DNA binding studies, confocal microscopy, and transport studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Schoener
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station, C0400, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - B Carillo-Conde
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station, C0400, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - H N Hutson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station, C0400, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - N A Peppas
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station, C0400, Austin, TX 78712, USA ; Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station, C0400, Austin, TX 78712, USA ; College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station, C0400, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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Food-derived oligosaccharides exhibit pharmaceutical properties. Eur J Pharmacol 2011; 668 Suppl 1:S117-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2011.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2011] [Revised: 07/01/2011] [Accepted: 07/07/2011] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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D'Incalci M, Steward WP, Gescher AJ. Modulation of response to cancer chemotherapeutic agents by diet constituents – Is the available evidence sufficiently robust for rational advice for patients? Cancer Treat Rev 2007; 33:223-9. [PMID: 17329030 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2006.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2006] [Revised: 12/15/2006] [Accepted: 12/21/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients who are diagnosed with cancer want advice on how they may alter their diet or which diet supplements they should take to augment chemotherapy. METHODS We conducted a review of the literature mostly from the last 15 years on the interaction between dietary constituents and antineoplastic therapy in preclinical rodent models and in clinical trials. RESULTS Studies have explored the effect of predominantly antioxidant vitamins and folate on efficacy or toxicity mediated by cisplatin and anthracyclins. Cisplatin toxicity in rodents was ameliorated by vitamin E. The design of clinical studies of dietary agents in combination with cytotoxic agents has been very heterogeneous and results have been inconclusive. CONCLUSIONS Whilst preclinical experiments hint at a potential benefit of certain dietary agents, the evidence emanating from clinical studies does not allow firm conclusions to be made. Future studies should explore physiological doses of dietary agent and include pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio D'Incalci
- Department of Oncology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Via Eritrea 62, Milan, Italy.
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Zheng S, Steenhout P, Kuiran D, Qihong W, Weiping W, Hager C, Haschke F, Clemens RA. Nutritional support of pediatric patients with cancer consuming an enteral formula with fructooligosaccharides. Nutr Res 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2006.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Pool-Zobel BL. Inulin-type fructans and reduction in colon cancer risk: review of experimental and human data. Br J Nutr 2005; 93 Suppl 1:S73-90. [PMID: 15877900 DOI: 10.1079/bjn20041349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Inulin-type fructans (beta(2,1)fructans) extracted from chicory roots (Cichorium intybus) are prebiotic food ingredients, which in the gut lumen are fermented to lactic acid and SCFA. Research in experimental animal models revealed that inulin-type fructans have anticarcinogenic properties. A number of studies report the effects of inulin-type fructans on chemically induced pre-neoplastic lesions (ACF) or tumours in the colon of rats and mice. In twelve studies, there were twenty-nine individual treatment groups of which twenty-four measured aberrant crypt foci (ACF) and five measured tumours. There was a significant reduction of ACF in twenty-one of the twenty-four treatment groups and of tumour incidence in five of the five treatment groups. Higher beneficial effects were achieved by synbiotics (mixtures of probiotics and prebiotics), long-chain inulin-type fructans compared to short-chain derivatives, and feeding high-fat Western style diets. Inulin-type fructans reduced tumour incidence in APC(Min) mice in two of four studies and reduced growth and metastasising properties of implanted tumour cells in mice (four studies). The effects have been reported to be associated with gut flora-mediated fermentation and production of butyrate. In human cells, inulin-derived fermentation products inhibited cell growth, modulated differentiation and reduced metastasis activities. In conclusion, evidence has been accumulated that shows that inulin-type fructans and corresponding fermentation products reduced the risks for colon cancer. The involved mechanisms included the reduction of exposure to risk factors and suppression of tumour cell survival. Thus, this specific type of dietary fibre exerted both blocking agent and suppressing agent types of chemopreventive activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice L Pool-Zobel
- Department of Nutritional Toxicology, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Germany.
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