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Shafie F, Tajadod S, Aslany Z, Allahyari P, Vahdat M, Shekari S, Mohseni GK, Gholamalizadeh M, Mohammadi S, Bahar B, Shafaei H, Doaei S. Breast cancer and dietary fat quality indices in Iranian women: A case-control study. Front Oncol 2023; 12:993397. [PMID: 36741722 PMCID: PMC9895810 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.993397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The association between breast cancer (BC) and different indices of dietary fats has not been well-studied. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the association between BC and dietary fat quality (DFQ) indices in Iranian women. Methods This case-control study was conducted on 120 women with breast cancer and 240 healthy women in Tehran, Iran. Food Frequency Questionnaire and nutritionist IV software were used to assess the intake of dietary fats and to calculate the DFQ indices. Results The patients with BC had a higher total fat (TF) (P < 0.01) and a lower ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) omega-3 to PUFAs omega-6 (ω-3/ω-6) compared with the controls (P < 0.001). TF had a significant association with BC risk (OR: 1.16; 95% CI: 1.01-1.33, P < 0.001). No significant association was found between BC and PUFA/saturated fatty acid ratio or the ω-3/ω-6 ratio. Conclusion The patients with BC had a lower ω-3/ω-6 ratio and a higher total dietary fat intake than the healthy women. Total dietary fat intake was also directly associated with the risk of BC. Thus, low-fat diets may have beneficial effects for BC prevention. Further longitudinal studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Shafie
- Nutrition Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Shirin Tajadod
- Department of Nutrition, School Of Public Health, International Campus, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Aslany
- The Ohio State University Interdisciplinary ph.D. program in Nutrition (OSUN), Columbus, United States,The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, United States
| | - Pooneh Allahyari
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Vahdat
- Aboozar Children’s Medical Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Soheila Shekari
- Department of Nutrition, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Golsa Khalatbari Mohseni
- Department of Nutrition, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Maryam Gholamalizadeh
- Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeideh Mohammadi
- Department of Nutrition, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Bojlul Bahar
- Nutrition Sciences and Applied Food Safety Studies, Research Centre for Global Development, School of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, United Kingdom
| | - Hanieh Shafaei
- Nursing and Midwifery School, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Saeid Doaei
- Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,*Correspondence: Saeid Doaei,
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Matta M, Deubler E, Chajes V, Vozar B, Gunter MJ, Murphy N, Gaudet MM. Circulating plasma phospholipid fatty acid levels and breast cancer risk in the Cancer Prevention Study-II Nutrition Cohort. Int J Cancer 2022; 151:2082-2094. [PMID: 35849437 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Prospective studies that objectively measure circulating levels of fatty acids are needed to clarify their role in the etiology of breast cancer. Thirty-eight phospholipid fatty acids were measured using gas chromatograph in the plasma fraction of blood samples collected prospectively from 2718 postmenopausal women (905 breast cancer cases) enrolled in the Cancer Prevention Study II Nutrition Cohort. Associations of 28 fatty acids that passed quality control metrics (modeled as per 1-SD increase) with breast cancer risk were assessed using multiple variable conditional logistic regression models to compute odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). The false discovery rate (q value) was computed to account for multiple comparisons. Myristic acid levels were positively associated with breast cancer risk (OR, 1.17, 95% CI: 1.07-1.28; q value = 0.03). Borderline associations were also found for palmitoleic acid (OR, 1.14, 95% CI: 1.04-1.24) and desaturation index16 (OR, 1.10, 95% CI: 1.01-1.20) at nominal P values (<.03) (q values>0.05). These findings suggest that higher circulating levels of myristic acid, sourced from dietary intake of palm kernel oils along with increased de novo synthesis of fatty acids, may increase breast cancer risk. Additional studies are needed to investigate de novo synthesis of fatty acid in breast cancer tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michèle Matta
- Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Emily Deubler
- Department of Population Science, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Veronique Chajes
- Office of the Director, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Beatrice Vozar
- Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Marc J Gunter
- Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Neil Murphy
- Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Mia M Gaudet
- Trans Divisional Research Program, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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3
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Guo F, Wang M, Guo X, Pu L, Sun M, Li S, Feng T, Tong L, Zhao S, Gao W, Lin X, Yao Y, Jin L. The association between fatty acid intake and breast cancer based on the NHANES and Mendelian randomization study. Cancer Epidemiol 2021; 73:101966. [PMID: 34146915 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2021.101966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Observational studies have examined the association between fatty acid intake and breast cancer (BC), and the association might vary depending on menopausal status, but the results remain controversial. The objective of this study was to investigate the associations between fatty acid intake and BC. METHODS The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2016 was used in the study, and stratified analysis by menopausal status was performed. Logistic regression models were used to evaluate the associations between BC and intake of saturated fatty acids (SFAs), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), adjusting for covariates. Three two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) methods-inverse variance weighted (IVW), weighted median, and Mendelian randomization-Egger (MR-Egger) regression-were applied to further verify the associations between intake of fatty acids and BC. RESULTS Higher intake of MUFAs was associated with lower risk of BC in premenopausal women: ORs (95 %CI): 0.325 (0.110, 0.964). IVW showed that increased intake of MUFAs was associated with a reduced risk of BC: 0.997 (0.995, 1.000), p = 0.024. No associations between BC and SFAs, MUFAs or PUFAs were found in postmenopausal women or in the overall population. CONCLUSIONS Increasing intake of MUFAs might reduce the risk of BC in premenopausal women. The protective effect of MUFAs on BC was also supported by MR study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Guo
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, No. 1163 Xinmin Street, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China.
| | - Min Wang
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, No. 1163 Xinmin Street, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China.
| | - Xuecan Guo
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, No. 1163 Xinmin Street, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China.
| | - Liyuan Pu
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, No. 1163 Xinmin Street, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China.
| | - Mengzi Sun
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, No. 1163 Xinmin Street, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China.
| | - Shuo Li
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, No. 1163 Xinmin Street, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China.
| | - Tianyu Feng
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, No. 1163 Xinmin Street, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China.
| | - Li Tong
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, No. 1163 Xinmin Street, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China.
| | - Saisai Zhao
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, No. 1163 Xinmin Street, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China.
| | - Wenhui Gao
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, No. 1163 Xinmin Street, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China.
| | - Xinli Lin
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, No. 1163 Xinmin Street, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China.
| | - Yan Yao
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, No. 1163 Xinmin Street, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China.
| | - Lina Jin
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, No. 1163 Xinmin Street, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China.
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Michels N, Specht IO, Heitmann BL, Chajès V, Huybrechts I. Dietary trans-fatty acid intake in relation to cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutr Rev 2021; 79:758-776. [PMID: 34104953 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuaa061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Apart from ruminant fat, trans-fatty acids are produced during the partial hydrogenation of vegetable oils, (eg, in the production of ultraprocessed foods). Harmful cardiovascular effects of trans-fatty acids are already proven, but the link with cancer risk has not yet been summarized. OBJECTIVE A systematic review (following PRISMA guidelines) - including observational studies on the association of trans-fatty acid intake with any cancer risk - was conducted, with no limitations on population types. DATA SOURCES The electronic databases PubMed and Embase were searched to identify relevant studies. DATA EXTRACTION This systematic review included 46 articles. Quality was assessed via the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Meta-analyses were conducted if at least 4 articles exploring the same transfat-cancer pairings were found. DATA ANALYSIS Nineteen cancer types have been researched in cohort and case-control studies on trans-fatty acids, with breast cancer (n = 17), prostate cancer (n = 11), and colorectal cancer (n = 9) as the most researched. The meta-analyses on total trans-fat showed a significant positive association for prostate cancer (odds ratio [OR] 1.49; 95%CI, 1.13-1.95) and colorectal cancer (OR 1.26; 95%CI, 1.08-1.46) but not for breast cancer (OR 1.12; 95%CI, 0.99-1.26), ovarian cancer (OR 1.10; 95%CI, 0.94-1.28), or non-Hodgkin lymphoma (OR 1.32; 95%CI, 0.99-1.76). Results were dependent on the fatty acid subtype, with even cancer-protective associations for some partially hydrogenated vegetable oils. Enhancing moderators in the positive transfat-cancer relation were gender (direction was cancer-site specific), European ancestry, menopause, older age, and overweight. CONCLUSION Despite heterogeneity, higher risk of prostate and colorectal cancer by high consumption of trans-fatty acids was found. Future studies need methodological improvements (eg, using long-term follow-up cancer data and intake biomarkers). Owing to the lack of studies testing trans-fatty acid subtypes in standardized ways, it is not clear which subtypes (eg, ruminant sources) are more carcinogenic. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO registration no. CRD42018105899.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Michels
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ina Olmer Specht
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Berit L Heitmann
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Veronique Chajès
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Nutrition and Metabolism Section, Lyon, France
| | - Inge Huybrechts
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Nutrition and Metabolism Section, Lyon, France
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5
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Newell M, Ghosh S, Goruk S, Pakseresht M, Vena JE, Dummer TJB, Field CJ. A Prospective Analysis of Plasma Phospholipid Fatty Acids and Breast Cancer Risk in 2 Provinces in Canada. Curr Dev Nutr 2021; 5:nzab022. [PMID: 33889794 PMCID: PMC8049855 DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzab022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies suggest that fatty acid status influences breast cancer etiology, yet the roles of individual fatty acids in breast cancer risk are unclear, specifically when central adiposity and menopausal status are considered. OBJECTIVES This study examined the associations of fatty acid status with breast cancer risk including location, menopausal status, and waist-to-hip ratio as key variables. METHODS Prediagnostic plasma phospholipid fatty acids were measured in women with breast cancer (n = 393) and age-matched controls (n = 786) from a nested case-control prospective study within Alberta's Tomorrow Project (ATP) and British Columbia Generations Project (BCGP) cohorts. Binary logistic regression models were used to evaluate associations of fatty acids and breast cancer risk with subgroup analysis for menopausal status and waist-to-hip ratio. RESULTS Women from BCGP had a higher n-3 (ɷ-3) fatty acid status compared with the ATP (6.4% ± 0.08% vs. 5.3% ± 0.06%; P < 0.001), so subsequent analysis was blocked by cohort. Overall, fatty acids had inconsistent associations with risk. In the ATP among premenopausal women, total long-chain n-3 fatty acids (ORQ4vsQ1 = 1.78; 95% CI: 0.58, 5.43; P-trend = 0.007, P-interaction = 0.07) were positively associated with breast cancer risk, whereas in BCGP, DHA (ORQ4vsQ1 = 0.66; 95% CI: 0.28, 1.53; P-trend = 0.03, P-interaction = 0.05) and total long-chain n-3 fatty acids (ORQ4vsQ1 = 0.66; 95% CI: 0.28, 1.54; P-trend = 0.03) were associated with decreased cancer risk when the waist-to-hip ratio was <0.85. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that regional variations in fatty acid status influence breast cancer risk, resulting in positive associations of total long-chain n-3 fatty acids in premenopausal ATP women and negative associations of these fatty acids in BCGP women with a waist-to-hip ratio below guidelines. This study highlights the complexity and difficulty in using fatty acid status to predict breast cancer risk in diverse populations without the consideration of other risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marnie Newell
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Sunita Ghosh
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Susan Goruk
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Mohammedreza Pakseresht
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Jennifer E Vena
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Alberta's Tomorrow Project, CancerCare Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Canada
| | - Trevor J B Dummer
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Cancer Control Research, BC Cancer, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Catherine J Field
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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N-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Risk of Cancer: Accumulating Evidence from Prospective Studies. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12092523. [PMID: 32825393 PMCID: PMC7551408 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies on the association between polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and cancer have focused on n-3 PUFAs. To investigate the association between intake or blood levels of n-6 PUFAs and cancer, we searched the PubMed and Embase databases up to March 2020 and conducted a meta-analysis. A total of 70 articles were identified. High blood levels of n-6 PUFAs were associated with an 8% lower risk of all cancers (relative risk (RR) = 0.92; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.86-0.98) compared to low blood levels of n-6 PUFAs. In the subgroup analyses by cancer site, type of n-6 PUFAs, and sex, the inverse associations were strong for breast cancer (RR = 0.87; 95% CI: 0.77-0.98), linoleic acid (LA) (RR = 0.91; 95% CI: 0.82-1.00), and women (RR = 0.88; 95% CI: 0.79-0.97). In the dose-response analysis, a 2% and 3% decrease in the risk of cancer was observed with a 5% increase in blood levels of n-6 PUFAs and LA, respectively. Thus, there was no significant association between n-6 PUFA intake and the risk of cancer. The pooled RR of cancer for the highest versus lowest category of n-6 PUFA intake was 1.02 (95% CI: 0.99-1.05). Evidence from prospective studies indicated that intake of n-6 PUFAs was not significantly associated with risk of cancer, but blood levels of n-6 PUFAs were inversely associated with risk of cancer.
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7
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Adelodun AA, Hassan UO, Nwachuckwu VO. Environmental, mechanical, and biochemical benefits of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:30210-30221. [PMID: 32451887 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09221-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Water hyacinth (WH) has high tolerance in extreme environmental conditions. Here, we examined the potentials of WH (Eichhornia crassipes (Mart) solms) to remove excess nutrients from sewage wastewater. We used four prototypes of water systems: prototypes A (WH + underlay water) and C (WH + sewage water), whereas prototypes B and D were experimental control for A and C, respectively. For prototype A, the percentage removal efficiencies (%Re) for nitrate and phosphate achieved were 75.12 ± 4.22% and 78.90 ± 8.72%, respectively, with a pH increase from 6.29 to 7.69; whereas for prototype C, the values were 54.7 ± 8.11% and 86.10 ± 7.34%, respectively, with a pH decrease from 8.13 to 7.15. For the 3-week retention time, the biomass weight increased in both prototype A (33.26%; [Formula: see text] rate = 15.46 g/week) and prototype C (26.43%; [Formula: see text] rate = 12.54 g/week). Further, the respective mechanical strength and nutritional values of the WH's fiber and the organic extracts were examined. The air-dried WH stem showed an average tensile stress of 0.04 MPa on a load at maximum stress of 137.1 N. By comparison, a strand of WH has a tensile strength of 14 MPa, inferior to 15, 61, and 400 MPa shown by timber, wood, and steel, respectively. However, by knitting, four strands of WH yielded a much-improved tensile strength of 315 MPa. Finally, a gas chromatography-mass spectrometer analysis of the plant's extract showed that it contains 35.51% oleic acid, a nutritional extract of high value. Thence, we established a profound economic significance of WH, a macrophyte with latent immense benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adedeji Adebukola Adelodun
- Environmental Engineering and Management Research Group, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
- Faculty of Environment and Labour Safety, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
| | - Usman Olamide Hassan
- Department of Marine Science & Technology, School of Earth & Mineral Sciences, The Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 704, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Victor Oluwatobi Nwachuckwu
- Department of Marine Science & Technology, School of Earth & Mineral Sciences, The Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 704, Akure, Nigeria
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8
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McGee EE, Kim CH, Wang M, Spiegelman D, Stover DG, Heng YJ, Collins LC, Baker GM, Farvid MS, Schedin P, Jindal S, Tamimi RM, Eliassen AH. Erythrocyte membrane fatty acids and breast cancer risk by tumor tissue expression of immuno-inflammatory markers and fatty acid synthase: a nested case-control study. Breast Cancer Res 2020; 22:78. [PMID: 32698885 PMCID: PMC7374956 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-020-01316-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies of fatty acids and breast cancer risk have shown mixed results, which may be due in part to tumor heterogeneity. Prior research has also illustrated an important role of specific fatty acids in immune regulation, T cell function, and inflammation, indicating that the effects of specific fatty acids on breast cancer risk may vary by tumor expression of immuno-inflammatory markers. We therefore aimed to evaluate the relationships between prediagnostic erythrocyte membrane fatty acids and breast cancer risk by tumor tissue expression of immuno-inflammatory markers (CD4, CD8, CD20, CD163, COX-2) and fatty acid synthase (FAS). METHODS We conducted a matched case-control study nested within the Nurses' Health Study II (n = 235 cases and 235 controls). Blood samples were collected from 1996 to 1999. Tumor tissue blocks were collected for cases diagnosed after blood collection and through 2006. Unconditional nominal polytomous logistic regression adjusted for matching factors and potential confounders was used to assess whether associations between fatty acids and breast cancer risk varied by tumor expression subtype, ascertained via immunohistochemistry. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated separately by tumor expression subtype using unconditional logistic regression. RESULTS Associations between fatty acids and breast cancer risk did not vary substantially by tumor CD4, CD20, CD163, or COX-2. However, n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) were inversely associated with CD8low but not CD8high cancers (CD8low ORT3 vs T1 = 0.45, 95% CI 0.23-0.87, Ptrend = 0.02; CD8high ORT3 vs T1 = 1.19, 95% CI 0.62-2.26, Ptrend = 0.62; Phet = 0.04). n-6 PUFAs were suggestively inversely associated with CD8high but not CD8low cancers (CD8high ORT3 vs T1 = 0.61, 95% CI 0.32-1.14, Ptrend = 0.11; CD8low ORT3 vs T1 = 1.63, 95% CI 0.87-3.04, Ptrend = 0.12; Phet = 0.02). Trans fatty acids were positively associated with FAShigh but not FASlow tumors (FAShigh ORT3 vs T1 = 2.94, 95% CI 1.46-5.91, Ptrend = 0.002; FASlow ORT3 vs T1 = 0.99, 95% CI 0.52-1.92, Ptrend = 0.97; Phet = 0.01). CONCLUSION Results indicate that the effects of n-3 PUFAs, n-6 PUFAs, and trans fatty acids on breast cancer risk may vary by tumor tissue expression subtypes. Findings suggest potential immuno-modulatory and FAS-mediated mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma E McGee
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. .,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Claire H Kim
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Molin Wang
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Donna Spiegelman
- Center on Methods for Implementation and Prevention Science (CMIPS), Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Statistics and Data Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Daniel G Stover
- Medical Oncology, Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Yujing J Heng
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Laura C Collins
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gabrielle M Baker
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maryam S Farvid
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pepper Schedin
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Sonali Jindal
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Rulla M Tamimi
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Epidemiology, Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - A Heather Eliassen
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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9
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Cnidoscolus aconitifolius leaf extract exhibits comparable ameliorative potentials with ascorbate in dimethylnitrosamine-induced bone marrow clastogenicity and hepatotoxicity. CLINICAL NUTRITION EXPERIMENTAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yclnex.2019.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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10
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Zheng L, Zhang Q, Li Z, Zhong G. Measurement of hazardous compounds for Chongqing hotpot seasoning. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2020.1751653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lianji Zheng
- Food Industry Research Institute of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhi Li
- Food Industry Research Institute of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Geng Zhong
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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11
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Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-based analytical strategies for fatty acid analysis in biological samples. J Food Drug Anal 2019; 28:60-73. [PMID: 31883609 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2019.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Fatty acids play critical roles in biological systems. Imbalances in fatty acids are related to a variety of diseases, which makes the measurement of fatty acids in biological samples important. Many analytical strategies have been developed to investigate fatty acids in various biological samples. Due to the structural diversity of fatty acids, many factors need to be considered when developing analytical methods including extraction methods, derivatization methods, column selections, and internal standard selections. This review focused on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)-based methods. We reviewed several commonly used fatty acid extraction approaches, including liquid-liquid extraction and solid-phase microextraction. Moreover, both acid and base derivatization methods and other specially designed methods were comprehensively reviewed, and their strengths and limitations were discussed. Having good separation efficiency is essential to building an accurate and reliable GC-MS platform for fatty acid analysis. We reviewed the separation performance of different columns and discussed the application of multidimensional GC for improving separations. The selection of internal standards was also discussed. In the final section, we introduced several biomedical studies that measured fatty acid levels in different sample matrices and provided hints on the relationships between fatty acid imbalances and diseases.
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Anjom-Shoae J, Sadeghi O, Larijani B, Esmaillzadeh A. Dietary intake and serum levels of trans fatty acids and risk of breast cancer: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective studies. Clin Nutr 2019; 39:755-764. [PMID: 30954361 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2019.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Although the relationship between dietary intake and serum levels of trans fatty acids and risk of breast cancer has been investigated extensively, findings are inconsistent. To summarize earlier findings on the association of dietary intake and serum levels of trans fatty acids with risk of breast cancer through a dose-response meta-analysis. METHODS The online databases of PubMed, ISI Web of Science, Scopus, ProQuest, Science Direct and Embase were searched for relevant publications up to June 2018, using MeSH and non-MeSH keywords. In total, 7 prospective studies [6 cohort studies and one nested case-control study] were included on total dietary trans fat intake, and five studies [1 cohort study and 4 nested case-control studies] were included about serum trans fatty acids. Assessment of study quality was conducted using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Study-specific RRs were combined via fixed-effects model to compute overall RRs. RESULTS Participants were apparently healthy aged 26 years or older. We observed no significant relationship between dietary intake of total trans fatty acids and risk of breast cancer (pooled effect size: 1.02, 95% CI: 0.95-1.10, P = 0.403). Combining 3 effect sizes from 2 prospective and one nested case-control study, no significant relation was seen between dietary intake of CLA and risk of breast cancer (pooled effect size: 1.05, 95% CI: 0.95-1.17, P = 0.513). Based on 5 effect sizes, each additional 1 g/day dietary intake of total trans fats was not significantly associated with risk of breast cancer (RR = 1.00; 95% CI = 0.99-1.01). In addition, it seems that serum levels of trans fats might be associated with an increased risk of breast cancer only among postmenopausal women (Pooled effect size: 1.37, 95% CI: 1.04-1.81, P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, dietary intake of trans fatty acids was not associated with risk of breast cancer; however, a significant positive association was seen between serum trans fats and risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Anjom-Shoae
- Students' Scientific Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Omid Sadeghi
- Students' Scientific Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Esmaillzadeh
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular - Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Food Security Research Center, Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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13
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Islam MA, Amin MN, Siddiqui SA, Hossain MP, Sultana F, Kabir MR. Trans fatty acids and lipid profile: A serious risk factor to cardiovascular disease, cancer and diabetes. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2019; 13:1643-1647. [PMID: 31336535 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2019.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Trans Fatty acids (TFAs) have long been used in food manufacturing due in part to their melting point at room temperature between saturated and unsaturated fats. However, increasing epidemiologic and biochemical evidence suggests that excessive trans fats in the diet are a significant risk factor for cardiovascular events as well as a risk factor for cancer and diabetes. A 2% absolute increase in energy intake from trans-fat has been associated with a 23% increase in cardiovascular risk. They increase the levels of low-density lipoprotein which is bad for health. Moreover, several epidemiological studies have been demonstrated that a high intake of TFAs increases the incidence of cancer and diabetes. On the other hand, total elimination of TFAs is not possible in a balanced diet due to their natural presence in dairy and meat products. Many products with almost 0.5 g trans-fat, if consumed over the course of a day, may approximate or exceed the 2 g maximum as recommended by the American Heart Association. The objective of the review to demonstrate the causal association between trans fatty acid intake and increase the risk of coronary heart disease through their influence on lipoprotein, association with atherosclerosis, stroke, diabetes and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Ashraful Islam
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition Science, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, 3814, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Nurul Amin
- Department of Pharmacy, Atish Dipankar University of Science and Technology, Dhaka, 1230, Bangladesh.
| | - Shafayet Ahmed Siddiqui
- Department of Pharmacy, Atish Dipankar University of Science and Technology, Dhaka, 1230, Bangladesh
| | - Md Parvez Hossain
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition Science, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, 3814, Bangladesh
| | - Farhana Sultana
- Department of Pharmacy, Atish Dipankar University of Science and Technology, Dhaka, 1230, Bangladesh
| | - Md Ruhul Kabir
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition Science, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, 3814, Bangladesh.
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Hirko KA, Chai B, Spiegelman D, Campos H, Farvid MS, Hankinson SE, Willett WC, Eliassen AH. Erythrocyte membrane fatty acids and breast cancer risk: a prospective analysis in the nurses' health study II. Int J Cancer 2017; 142:1116-1129. [PMID: 29071721 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The roles of specific fatty acids in breast cancer etiology are unclear, particularly among premenopausal women. We examined 34 individual fatty acids, measured in blood erythrocytes collected between 1996 and 1999, and breast cancer risk in a nested case-control study of primarily premenopausal women in the Nurses' Health Study II. Breast cancer cases diagnosed after blood collection and before June 2010 (n = 794) were matched to controls and conditional logistic regression was used to estimate OR's (95% CI's) for associations of fatty acids with breast cancer; unconditional logistic regression was used for stratified analyses. Fatty acids were not significantly associated with breast cancer risk overall; however, heterogeneity by body mass index (BMI) was observed. Among overweight/obese women (BMI ≥ 25), several odd-chain saturated (SFA, e.g. 17:0, ORQ4vsQ1 (95% CI) =1.85 (1.18-2.88), ptrend =0.006 pint <0.001), trans (TFA, e.g. 18:1, ORQ4vsQ1 (95% CI) =2.33 (1.45-3.77), ptrend <0.001, pint =0.007) and dairy-derived fatty acids (SFA 15:0 + 17:0 + TFA 16:1n-7t; ORQ4vsQ1 (95% CI) =1.83(1.16-2.89), ptrend =0.005, pint <0.001) were positively associated, and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA, e.g. alpha-linolenic acid; ORQ4vsQ1 (95% CI) =0.57 (0.36-0.89), ptrend =0.017, pint =0.03) were inversely associated with breast cancer. Total SFA were inversely associated with breast cancer among women with BMI < 25 (ORQ4vsQ1 (95% CI) =0.68 (0.46-0.98), ptrend =0.05, pint =0.01). Thus, while specific fatty acids were not associated with breast cancer overall, our findings suggest positive associations of several SFA, TFA and dairy-derived fatty acids and inverse associations of n-3 PUFA with breast cancer among overweight/obese women. Given these fatty acids are influenced by diet, and therefore are potentially modifiable, further investigation of these associations among overweight/obese women is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly A Hirko
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Boyang Chai
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Donna Spiegelman
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hannia Campos
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Centro de Investigación e Innovación en Nutrición Translacional y Salud, Universidad Hispanoamericana, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Maryam S Farvid
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Susan E Hankinson
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Walter C Willett
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - A Heather Eliassen
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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15
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Knekt P, Rissanen H, Järvinen R, Heliövaara M. Cohort Profile: The Finnish Mobile Clinic Health Surveys FMC, FMCF and MFS. Int J Epidemiol 2017; 46:1760-1761i. [DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyx092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Fuke G, Nornberg JL. Systematic evaluation on the effectiveness of conjugated linoleic acid in human health. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2016; 57:1-7. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2012.716800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gitane Fuke
- Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos Endereço, Endereço, Campus Universitário - Centro de Ciências Rurais Prédio, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - José Laerte Nornberg
- Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos Endereço, Endereço, Campus Universitário - Centro de Ciências Rurais Prédio, Santa Maria, Brazil
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17
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Stark KD, Van Elswyk ME, Higgins MR, Weatherford CA, Salem N. Global survey of the omega-3 fatty acids, docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid in the blood stream of healthy adults. Prog Lipid Res 2016; 63:132-52. [PMID: 27216485 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 333] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 05/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Studies reporting blood levels of the omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), were systematically identified in order to create a global map identifying countries and regions with different blood levels. Included studies were those of healthy adults, published in 1980 or later. A total of 298 studies met all inclusion criteria. Studies reported fatty acids in various blood fractions including plasma total lipids (33%), plasma phospholipid (32%), erythrocytes (32%) and whole blood (3.0%). Fatty acid data from each blood fraction were converted to relative weight percentages (wt.%) and then assigned to one of four discrete ranges (high, moderate, low, very low) corresponding to wt.% EPA+DHA in erythrocyte equivalents. Regions with high EPA+DHA blood levels (>8%) included the Sea of Japan, Scandinavia, and areas with indigenous populations or populations not fully adapted to Westernized food habits. Very low blood levels (≤4%) were observed in North America, Central and South America, Europe, the Middle East, Southeast Asia, and Africa. The present review reveals considerable variability in blood levels of EPA+DHA and the very low to low range of blood EPA+DHA for most of the world may increase global risk for chronic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken D Stark
- University of Waterloo, Department of Kinesiology, 200 University Avenue, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada.
| | - Mary E Van Elswyk
- Scientific Affairs, Van Elswyk Consulting, Inc., 10350 Macedonia St., Longmont, CO 80503, USA.
| | - M Roberta Higgins
- MEDetect Clinical Information Associates, Inc., PO Box 152, Skippack, PA 19474, USA.
| | | | - Norman Salem
- DSM Nutritional Products Ltd., 6480 Dobbin Road, Columbia, MD 21045, USA.
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18
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Kim JH, Kim Y, Kim YJ, Park Y. Conjugated Linoleic Acid: Potential Health Benefits as a Functional Food Ingredient. Annu Rev Food Sci Technol 2016; 7:221-44. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-food-041715-033028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ho Kim
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, Sejong 339-700, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo Kim
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003;
| | - Young Jun Kim
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, Sejong 339-700, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonhwa Park
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003;
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19
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Cao Y, Hou L, Wang W. Dietary total fat and fatty acids intake, serum fatty acids and risk of breast cancer: A meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Int J Cancer 2015; 138:1894-904. [PMID: 26595162 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2015] [Revised: 10/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Results from prospective cohort studies on the association between dietary total fat and fatty acids intake and risk of breast cancer remain controversial. Pertinent prospective cohort studies were identified by a search of Embase and PubMed from inception to September 2015. Study-specific relative risks (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals were pooled using a random-effect model. Between-study heterogeneity and publication bias were assessed, and sensitivity analysis was conducted. Twenty-four independent studies on dietary total fat and fatty acids intake and seven studies on serum fatty acids were included. The pooled RR of breast cancer for the highest vs. lowest category of dietary total fat intake was 1.10 (1.02-1.19); however, no association was observed in studies adjusting for traditional risk factors of breast cancer. No association was observed between animal fat, vegetable fat, saturated fatty acids (SFA), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), n-3 PUFA, n-6 PUFA, eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, alpha-linolenic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid and arachidonic acid and risk of breast cancer. The pooled RRs of breast cancer for the highest vs. lowest category of serum SFA, MUFA, PUFA, n-3 PUFA and n-6 PUFA were 1.00 (0.78-1.28), 1.41 (0.99-2.03), 0.59 (0.27-1.30), 0.81 (0.60-1.10) and 0.84 (0.60-1.18), respectively. Results from this meta-analysis suggested that dietary total fat and fatty acids might be not associated with risk of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Cao
- Department of Biochemistry, Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao, China
| | - Lin Hou
- Department of Biochemistry, Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao, China
| | - Weijing Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao, China
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20
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Krogager TP, Nielsen LV, Kahveci D, Dyrlund TF, Scavenius C, Sanggaard KW, Enghild JJ. Hepatocytes respond differently to major dietary trans fatty acid isomers, elaidic acid and trans-vaccenic acid. Proteome Sci 2015; 13:31. [PMID: 26628894 PMCID: PMC4665887 DOI: 10.1186/s12953-015-0084-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been discussed if the adverse health effect associated with the ingestion of trans fatty acids correlates with the food source, as the composition of the isomers varies in different foods. We have investigated the hepatocellular responses to the predominant trans fatty acid isomers in industrially produced partially hydrogenated vegetable oils (elaidic acid) and products of ruminant origin (trans-vaccenic acid). RESULTS The responses of HepG2-SF cells exposed to 100 μM fatty acids during 7 days were examined. Elaidic acid decreased the cellular proliferation rate while trans-vaccenic acid had no effect. Analysis of cellular triacylglycerol fractions showed, that both trans fatty acids were metabolized by HepG2-SF cells, although elaidic acid, to a higher degree than trans-vaccenic, accumulated in the triacylglycerol fraction. Proteome analysis revealed that the overlap of differentially regulated proteins only contained four proteins, suggesting that the two trans fatty acid isomers affect the cells in different ways. The data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD000760. CONCLUSIONS Our investigations revealed that the hepatocellular response to the two most abundant dietary positional C18:1 trans fatty acid isomers differ substantially. In addition, the results suggest that trans-vaccenic acid does not affect cholesterol metabolism adversely compared to elaidic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toke P Krogager
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics and iNANO, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10C, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Lone Vendel Nielsen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics and iNANO, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10C, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Derya Kahveci
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics and iNANO, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10C, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Thomas F Dyrlund
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics and iNANO, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10C, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Carsten Scavenius
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics and iNANO, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10C, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Kristian W Sanggaard
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics and iNANO, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10C, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Jan J Enghild
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics and iNANO, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10C, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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Abstract
AbstractObjectivePrior studies on linoleic acid, the predominant n-6 fatty acid, and breast cancer risk have generated inconsistent results. We performed a meta-analysis to summarize the evidence regarding the relationship of dietary and serum linoleic acid with breast cancer risk.DesignPertinent studies were identified by a search of PubMed and EMBASE. The fixed- or random-effect pooled measure was selected based on between-study heterogeneity.ResultsEight prospective cohort studies and four prospective nested case–control studies, involving 10 410 breast cancer events from 358 955 adult females across different countries, were included in present study. Compared with the lowest level of linoleic acid, the pooled relative risk (RR; 95 % CI) of breast cancer was 0·98 (0·93, 1·04) for the highest level of linoleic acid. The pooled RR (95 % CI) for dietary and serum linoleic acid were 0·99 (0·92, 1·06) and 0·98 (0·88, 1·08), respectively. The RR (95 % CI) of breast cancer was 0·97 (0·91, 1·04), 0·95 (0·85, 1·07), 0·96 (0·86, 1·07), 0·98 (0·87, 1·10) and 0·99 (0·85, 1·14) for linoleic acid intake of 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 g/d, respectively. The risk of breast cancer decreased by 1 % (RR=0·99; 95 % CI 0·93, 1·05) for every 10 g/d increment in linoleic acid intake.ConclusionsThis meta-analysis indicated that both dietary linoleic acid intake and serum linoleic acid level were associated with decreased risk of breast cancer, although none of the associations were statistically significant. Further investigations are warranted.
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22
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Kim JH, Kim YJ, Park Y. Conjugated Linoleic Acid and Postmenopausal Women's Health. J Food Sci 2015; 80:R1137-43. [DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.12905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ho Kim
- Dept. of Food and Biotechnology; Korea Univ; Sejong 339-700 Republic of Korea
| | - Young Jun Kim
- Dept. of Food and Biotechnology; Korea Univ; Sejong 339-700 Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonhwa Park
- Dept. of Food Science; Univ. of Massachusetts; Amherst MA 01003 U.S.A
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Hidaka BH, Li S, Harvey KE, Carlson SE, Sullivan DK, Kimler BF, Zalles CM, Fabian CJ. Omega-3 and omega-6 Fatty acids in blood and breast tissue of high-risk women and association with atypical cytomorphology. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2015; 8:359-64. [PMID: 25712053 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-14-0351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The ratio of omega-3 to omega-6 fatty acids, especially the long-chain eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) + docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) to arachidonic acid (AA) ratio, is inversely associated with breast cancer risk. We measured the association between cytologic atypia, a biomarker for short-term risk of breast cancer development, and omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acid intake and levels in blood and breast tissue. Blood and benign breast tissue, sampled by random periareolar fine-needle aspiration (RPFNA), was obtained from 70 women at elevated risk for breast cancer. Self-reported dietary intake was assessed by the NCI's Food Frequency Questionnaire. The fatty acid composition of five lipid compartments, red blood cell, plasma and breast phospholipids, and plasma and breast triaclyglycerides (TAG), was analyzed by gas chromatography as weight percent. Median daily intakes of EPA+DHA and total omega-3 fatty acids were 80 mg and 1.1 g, respectively. The median total omega-3:6 intake ratio was 1:10. Compared with women without atypia, those with cytologic atypia had lower total omega-3 fatty acids in red blood cell and plasma phospholipids and lower omega-3:6 ratios in plasma TAGs and breast TAGs (P < 0.05). The EPA+DHA:AA ratio in plasma TAGs was also lower among women with atypia. This is the first report of associations between tissue levels of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids and a reversible tissue biomarker of breast cancer risk. RPFNA cytomorphology could serve as a surrogate endpoint for breast cancer prevention trials of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon H Hidaka
- Department of Dietetics and Nutrition University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Shengqi Li
- Department of Dietetics and Nutrition University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Katherine E Harvey
- Department of Dietetics and Nutrition University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Susan E Carlson
- Department of Dietetics and Nutrition University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Debra K Sullivan
- Department of Dietetics and Nutrition University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Bruce F Kimler
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | | | - Carol J Fabian
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas.
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Schmidt JA, Gorst-Rasmussen A, Nyström PW, Christensen JH, Schmidt EB, Dethlefsen C, Tjønneland A, Overvad K, Dahm CC. Baseline patterns of adipose tissue fatty acids and long-term risk of breast cancer: a case-cohort study in the Danish cohort Diet, Cancer and Health. Eur J Clin Nutr 2014; 68:1088-94. [PMID: 24642780 DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2014.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2013] [Revised: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES The evidence regarding fatty acids and breast cancer risk is inconclusive. Adipose tissue fatty acids can be used as biomarkers of fatty acid intake and of endogenous fatty acid exposure. Fatty acids in adipose tissue are correlated owing to common dietary sources and shared metabolic pathways, which group fatty acids into naturally occurring patterns. We aimed to prospectively investigate associations between adipose tissue fatty acid patterns and long-term risk of total breast cancer and breast cancer subtypes characterised by oestrogen and progesterone receptor status (ER and PR). SUBJECTS/METHODS This case-cohort study was based on data from the Danish cohort Diet, Cancer and Health. At baseline, a fat biopsy and information on lifestyle and reproductive factors were collected. From the 31 original fatty acids measured, patterns of fatty acids were identified using the treelet transform. During a median follow-up of 5.3 years, 474 breast cancer cases were identified. Hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals of risk of total breast cancer and of subtypes according to quintiles of factor score were determined by weighted Cox proportional hazards regression. RESULTS After adjustment for potential confounders, factor scores for the seven patterns identified by the treelet transform were not associated with risk of total breast cancer, nor with risk of ER+, ER-, PR+ or PR- tumours. CONCLUSIONS No clear associations between the patterns of fatty acids at baseline and long-term risk of total breast cancer or ER+, ER-, PR+ or PR- tumours were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Schmidt
- 1] Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK [2] Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - A Gorst-Rasmussen
- Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - P W Nyström
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - J H Christensen
- Department of Nephrology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - E B Schmidt
- Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - C Dethlefsen
- Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - A Tjønneland
- Diet, Genes and Environment Unit, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - K Overvad
- 1] Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark [2] Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - C C Dahm
- Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Trans vaccenic acid (trans-11 18:1), a precursor of cis-9, trans-11-conjugated linoleic acid, exerts a direct anti-carcinogenic function in T47D breast carcinoma cells. Food Sci Biotechnol 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10068-014-0087-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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Pouchieu C, Chajès V, Laporte F, Kesse-Guyot E, Galan P, Hercberg S, Latino-Martel P, Touvier M. Prospective associations between plasma saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids and overall and breast cancer risk - modulation by antioxidants: a nested case-control study. PLoS One 2014; 9:e90442. [PMID: 24587366 PMCID: PMC3937383 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mechanistic data suggest that different types of fatty acids play a role in carcinogenesis and that antioxidants may modulate this relationship but epidemiologic evidence is lacking. Our aim was to investigate the association between plasma saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids (SFAs, MUFAs and PUFAs) and overall and breast cancer risk and to evaluate the potential modulatory effect of an antioxidant supplementation on these relationships. METHODS A nested case-control study included all first incident cancer cases diagnosed in the SU.VI.MAX study between 1994 and 2002 (n=250 cases, one matched control/case). Participants to the SU.VI.MAX randomized controlled trial received either vitamin/mineral antioxidants or placebo during this intervention period. Baseline fatty acid composition of plasma total lipids was measured by gas chromatography. Conditional logistic regression was performed overall and stratified by intervention group. RESULTS Dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (Ptrend=0.002), the dihomo-γ-linolenic/linoleic acids ratio (Ptrend=0.001), mead acid (Ptrend=0.0004), and palmitoleic acid (Ptrend=0.02) were inversely associated with overall cancer risk. The arachidonic/dihomo-γ-linolenic acids ratio (Ptrend=0.02) and linoleic acid (Ptrend=0.02) were directly associated with overall cancer risk. Similar results were observed for breast cancer specifically. In stratified analyses, associations were only observed in the placebo group. Notably, total PUFAs were directly associated with overall (Ptrend=0.02) and breast cancer risk in the placebo group only. CONCLUSION Specific SFAs, MUFAs and PUFAs were prospectively differentially associated with cancer risk. In addition, this study suggests that antioxidants may modulate these associations by counteracting the potential effects of these fatty acids on carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Pouchieu
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Biostatistics Center, Inserm U1153, Inra U1125, Cnam, University Paris 13, University Paris 5, University Paris 7, Bobigny, France
| | - Véronique Chajès
- Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - François Laporte
- Department of Integrated Biology, University Hospital of Grenoble, Grenoble, France
| | - Emmanuelle Kesse-Guyot
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Biostatistics Center, Inserm U1153, Inra U1125, Cnam, University Paris 13, University Paris 5, University Paris 7, Bobigny, France
| | - Pilar Galan
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Biostatistics Center, Inserm U1153, Inra U1125, Cnam, University Paris 13, University Paris 5, University Paris 7, Bobigny, France
| | - Serge Hercberg
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Biostatistics Center, Inserm U1153, Inra U1125, Cnam, University Paris 13, University Paris 5, University Paris 7, Bobigny, France
- Public Health Department, Avicenne Hospital, Bobigny, France
| | - Paule Latino-Martel
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Biostatistics Center, Inserm U1153, Inra U1125, Cnam, University Paris 13, University Paris 5, University Paris 7, Bobigny, France
| | - Mathilde Touvier
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Biostatistics Center, Inserm U1153, Inra U1125, Cnam, University Paris 13, University Paris 5, University Paris 7, Bobigny, France
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Rafi I, Chowdhury S, Chan T, Jubber I, Tahir M, de Lusignan S. Improving the management of people with a family history of breast cancer in primary care: before and after study of audit-based education. BMC FAMILY PRACTICE 2013; 14:105. [PMID: 23879178 PMCID: PMC3734209 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2296-14-105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2012] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In England, guidance from National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE) states women with a family history of breast cancer presenting to primary care should be reassured or referred.We reviewed the evidence for interventions that might be applied in primary care and conducted an audit of whether low risk women are correctly advised and flagged. METHODS We conducted a literature review to identify modifiable risk factors. We extracted routinely collected data from the computerised medical record systems of 6 general practices (population approximately 30,000); of the variables identified in the guidance. We implemented a quality improvement (QI) intervention called audit-based education (ABE) comparing participant practices with guidelines and each other before and after; we report odds ratios (OR) of any change in data recording. RESULTS The review revealed evidence for advising on: diet, weight control, physical exercise, and alcohol. The proportion of patients with recordings of family history of: disease, neoplasms, and breast cancer were: 39.3%, 5.1% and 1.3% respectively. There was no significant change in the recording of family history of disease or cancer; OR 1.02 (95% CI 0.98-1.06); and 1.08 (95% CI 0.99-1.17) respectively. Recording of alcohol consumption and smoking both increased significantly; OR 1.36 (95% CI 1.30-1.43); and 1.42 (95% CI 1.27-1.60) respectively. Recording lifestyle advice fell; OR 0.84 (95% CI 0.81-0.88). CONCLUSIONS The study informs about current data recording and willingness to engage in ABE. Recording of risk factors improved after the intervention. Further QI is needed to achieve adherence to current guidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Rafi
- Division of Population Health Sciences and Education, St George’s, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0RE, UK
- Clinical Innovation and Research Centre (CIRC), Royal College of General Practitioners, 30 Euston Square, London NW1 2FB, UK
| | - Susmita Chowdhury
- PHG Foundation, 2 Worts Causeway, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Tom Chan
- Department of Healthcare Management and Policy, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Ibrahim Jubber
- Division of Population Health Sciences and Education, St George’s, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0RE, UK
| | - Mohammad Tahir
- Department of Healthcare Management and Policy, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Simon de Lusignan
- Department of Healthcare Management and Policy, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, UK
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Gaudet MM, Falk RT, Stevens RD, Gunter MJ, Bain JR, Pfeiffer RM, Potischman N, Lissowska J, Peplonska B, Brinton LA, Garcia-Closas M, Newgard CB, Sherman ME. Analysis of serum metabolic profiles in women with endometrial cancer and controls in a population-based case-control study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2012; 97:3216-23. [PMID: 22730518 PMCID: PMC3431573 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2012-1490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Endometrial cancer is associated with metabolic disturbances related to its underlying risk factors, including obesity and diabetes. Identifying metabolite biomarkers associated with endometrial cancer may have value for early detection, risk assessment, and understanding etiology. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to evaluate the reliable measurement of metabolites in epidemiological studies with nonstandardized blood collection; confirm previously reported correlations of metabolites with body size; and assess differences in metabolite levels between cases and controls. DESIGN This was the Polish Endometrial Cancer Study (2001-2003). SETTING This study was a population-based case-control study. PATIENTS Patients included 250 cases and 250 controls. INTERVENTION The intervention included the measurement of serum metabolite levels of 15 amino acids, 45 acylcarnitines, and nine fatty acids. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE The main outcome measure was endometrial cancer. RESULTS Body mass index was correlated with levels of valine (r = 0.26, P = 3.4 × 10(-5)), octenoylcarnitine (r = 0.24, P = 1.5 × 10(-4)), palmitic acid (r = 0.26, P = 4.4 × 10(-5)), oleic acid (r = 0.28, P = 9.9 × 10(-6)), and stearic acid (r = 0.26, P = 2.9 × 10(-5)) among controls. Only stearic acid was inversely associated with endometrial cancer case status (quartile 4 vs. quartile 1: odds ratio 0.37, 95% confidence interval 0.20-0.69, P for trend = 1.2 × 10(-4)). Levels of the C5-acylcarnitines, octenoylcarnitine, decatrienoylcarnitine, and linoleic acid were significantly lower in cases than controls (odds ratios ranged from 0.21 to 0.38). CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate that previously reported variations in metabolomic profiles with body mass index can be replicated in population-based studies with nonfasting blood collection protocols. We also provide preliminary evidence that large differences in metabolite levels exist between cases and controls, independent of body habitus. Our findings warrant assessment of metabolic profiles, including the candidate markers identified herein, in prospectively collected blood samples to define biomarkers and etiological factors related to endometrial cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia M Gaudet
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, 250 Williams Street, Atlanta, Georgia 30316, USA.
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Laake I, Carlsen MH, Pedersen JI, Weiderpass E, Selmer R, Kirkhus B, Thune I, Veierød MB. Intake oftransfatty acids from partially hydrogenated vegetable and fish oils and ruminant fat in relation to cancer risk. Int J Cancer 2012; 132:1389-403. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.27737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2012] [Accepted: 07/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Abstract
Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) has drawn significant attention in the last two decades for its variety of biologically beneficial effects. CLA reduces body fat, cardiovascular diseases and cancer, and modulates immune and inflammatory responses as well as improves bone mass. It has been suggested that the overall effects of CLA are the results of interactions between two major isomers, cis-9,trans-11 and trans-10,cis-12. This review will primarily focus on current CLA publications involving humans, which are also summarized in the tables. Along with a number of beneficial effects of CLA, there are safety considerations for CLA supplementation in humans, which include effects on liver functions, milk fat depression, glucose metabolism, and oxidative stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison Dilzer
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Amherst , MA 01003, USA
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Gebauer SK, Chardigny JM, Jakobsen MU, Lamarche B, Lock AL, Proctor SD, Baer DJ. Effects of ruminant trans fatty acids on cardiovascular disease and cancer: a comprehensive review of epidemiological, clinical, and mechanistic studies. Adv Nutr 2011; 2:332-54. [PMID: 22332075 PMCID: PMC3125683 DOI: 10.3945/an.111.000521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
There are 2 predominant sources of dietary trans fatty acids (TFA) in the food supply, those formed during the industrial partial hydrogenation of vegetable oils (iTFA) and those formed by biohydrogenation in ruminants (rTFA), including vaccenic acid (VA) and the naturally occurring isomer of conjugated linoleic acid, cis-9, trans-11 CLA (c9,t11-CLA). The objective of this review is to evaluate the evidence base from epidemiological and clinical studies to determine whether intake of rTFA isomers, specifically VA and c9,t11-CLA, differentially affects risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer compared with iTFA. In addition, animal and cell culture studies are reviewed to explore potential pro- and antiatherogenic mechanisms of VA and c9,t11-CLA. Some epidemiological studies suggest that a positive association with coronary heart disease risk exists between only iTFA isomers and not rTFA isomers. Small clinical studies have been conducted to establish cause-and-effect relationships between these different sources of TFA and biomarkers or risk factors of CVD with inconclusive results. The lack of detection of treatment effects reported in some studies may be due to insufficient statistical power. Many studies have used doses of rTFA that are not realistically attainable via diet; thus, further clinical studies are warranted. Associations between iTFA intake and cancer have been inconsistent, and associations between rTFA intake and cancer have not been well studied. Clinical studies have not been conducted investigating the cause-and-effect relationship between iTFA and rTFA intake and risk for cancers. Further research is needed to determine the health effects of VA and c9,t11-CLA in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah K. Gebauer
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Beltsville, MD 20705
| | - Jean-Michel Chardigny
- Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- INRA, UMR 1019, UNH, CRNH Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Marianne Uhre Jakobsen
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Benoît Lamarche
- Institute on Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada G1V 0A
| | - Adam L. Lock
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48864
| | - Spencer D. Proctor
- Metabolic and Cardiovascular Laboratory, Alberta Institute for Human Nutrition and Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, AB, Canada T6G2P5
| | - David J. Baer
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Beltsville, MD 20705
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Kee JI, Ganesan P, Kwak HS. Bioactive Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA) in Milk. Korean J Food Sci Anim Resour 2010. [DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2010.30.6.879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Murff HJ, Shu XO, Li H, Yang G, Wu X, Cai H, Wen W, Gao YT, Zheng W. Dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids and breast cancer risk in Chinese women: a prospective cohort study. Int J Cancer 2010; 128:1434-41. [PMID: 20878979 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.25703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2010] [Accepted: 09/08/2010] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women. Controversy exists regarding the role of dietary fat in breast cancer etiology. We investigated the association of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and the ratio of n-6 PUFAs to marine-derived n-3 PUFAs with breast cancer risk in the Shanghai Women's Health Study, a prospective cohort study including 72,571 cancer-free participants at baseline. Dietary fatty acid intake was determined using food frequency questionnaires. We used Cox proportional hazards analysis to estimate the relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association of breast cancer risk with dietary fatty acids consumption. In 583,998 person-years of follow-up, we identified 712 breast cancer cases. We found no association of breast cancer risk to dietary intake of linoleic acid, arachidonic acid, α-linolenic acid or marine-derived n-3 PUFA. We found a statistically significant interaction between n-6 PUFA intake, marine-derived n-3 PUFA intake and breast cancer risk (p = 0.008). Women with lower intake (the lowest tertile) of marine-derived n-3 PUFA and higher intake (the highest tertile) of n-6 PUFA had an increase risk for breast cancer (RR = 2.06; 95% CI = 1.27-3.34) compared to women with higher intake (the highest tertile) of marine-derived n-3 PUFAs and lower intake (the lowest tertile) of n-6 PUFAs after adjusting for potential confounders. The relative amounts of n-6 PUFA to marine-derived n-3 PUFAs may be more important for breast cancer risk than individual dietary amounts of these fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harvey J Murff
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37203-1738, USA.
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Decker EA, Park Y. Healthier meat products as functional foods. Meat Sci 2010; 86:49-55. [PMID: 20580991 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2010.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2010] [Revised: 03/26/2010] [Accepted: 04/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A promising approach to improving health care would be to produce a healthier food supply as a preventive health care strategy. The food supply could be improved by producing functional foods that have nutritional profiles that are healthier than conventional products. However, production of functional foods is not always easily accomplished since they must also taste good, be convenient and reasonably priced so that consumers will regularly purchase and use the products. Meats have great potential for delivering important nutrients such as fatty acids, minerals, dietary fiber, antioxidants and bioactive peptides into the diet. However, to produce successful products with these ingredients, technologies must be developed to increase their stability and decrease their flavor impact on muscle foods. In addition, many regulatory hurdles must be overcome for the commercial production of meats with added nutrients. These include redefinition of standard of identities and policies that allow front of the package nutritional claims. Without these regulatory changes, production of healthier meat products won't become a reality since these products would not have a competitive advantage over unfortified meats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric A Decker
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
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Field CJ, Blewett HH, Proctor S, Vine D. Human health benefits of vaccenic acid. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2010; 34:979-91. [PMID: 19935865 DOI: 10.1139/h09-079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The health risks associated with consumption of diets high in trans fats from industrially produced hydrogenated fats are well documented. However, trans fatty acids are not a homogeneous group of molecules, and less is known about the health effects of consuming diets containing vaccenic acid (VA), a positional and geometric isomer of oleic acid, the predominant trans isomer in ruminant fats. The presence of VA in industrial trans fats has raised the question of whether VA produces the same adverse health effects as industrially produced trans fats. VA is also the major trans fat in ruminant fats, and questions have arisen as to whether consuming this trans fat has the same effects on health risk. The purpose of this paper is to critically review the published studies in humans, animals, and cell lines. Epidemiological, but not rodent, studies suggest that VA intake or serum concentrations may be associated with increased cancer risk. However, epidemiological, clinical, and rodent studies to date have not demonstrated a relationship with heart or cardiovascular disease, insulin resistance, or inflammation. VA is the only known dietary precursor of c9,t11 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), but recent data suggest that consumption of this trans fat may impart health benefits beyond those associated with CLA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine J Field
- Alberta Institute for Human Nutrition, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
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Abstract
The association between trans-fatty acids (TFA) and cancer risk is poorly understood and remains controversial. It is recognised that unique biological effects are associated with specific isoforms within families of fatty acids such as those belonging to the n-3 fatty acids. Furthermore, the interactions between diet and genetic polymorphisms are increasingly recognised for their potential risk-modifying effects on human health and disease. Therefore, the aim of the present review is to evaluate whether specific TFA isomers and genetic polymorphisms differentially modify cancer risk in prostate, colon and breast cancers in animal and human models. Potential mechanisms of action by which TFA may affect cancer development are also reviewed. Overall, across a number of experimental models and human studies, there is insufficient and inconsistent evidence linking specific TFA isomers to cancers of the prostate, colon and breast. A number of methodological limitations and experimental considerations were identified which may explain the inconsistencies observed across these studies. Therefore, further research is warranted to accurately assess the relationship between TFA and cancer risk.
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Abstract
The present review comes from the authors of the recent Scientific Advisory Committee on Nutrition (SACN) review Update on Trans Fatty Acids and Health, and focuses on assessing the strength of the evidence for a link between trans-fatty acid (trans-FA) intake and cancer. It evaluates a range of human ecological, case-control and prospective studies with trans-FA exposure assessed using either dietary assessment methods or trans-FA levels in tissues. Relevant animal studies are also presented in order to elucidate potential mechanisms. It concludes that there is weak and inconsistent evidence for a relationship between trans-FA and breast or colorectal cancer. Evidence for an association between trans-FA and prostate cancer is limited, but a recent large case-control study has shown a strong interaction between risk and trans-FA intake for the RNASEL QQ/RQ genotype that is present in about 35 % of the population. This potential association requires further investigation. The single study on non-Hodgkin's lymphoma reported a strong positive association, but only used a single assessment of dietary trans-FA made at the start of the study in 1980, and the significant changes in trans-FA intakes between then and the end of follow-up in 1994 limit the reliability of this observation. There is insufficient evidence to allow any differentiation between the effects of trans-FA from animal or vegetable origin on cancer risk.
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Yi Z, Jingting C, Yu Z. Proteomics Reveals Protein Profile Changes in Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibitor-Treated Endometrial Cancer Cells. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2009; 19:326-33. [DOI: 10.1111/igc.0b013e31819f1b4d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective:To examine effects of an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, NS-398, on the proliferation, apoptosis and invasion characteristics of endometrial cancer cell RL95-2.Methods:(1) Western blotting was carried out to determine COX-2 protein expression in RL95-2 cells and normal endometrium specimens. (2) The effect of NS-398 treatment on the cell proliferation, apoptosis, and invasion was assessed by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay, flow cytometry, and matrigel invasion assay, respectively. (3) Finally, the proteomic analysis was used to find out proteins that are differentially expressed because of NS-398 treatment.Results:(1) COX-2 protein in RL95-2 cell line was significantly higher than that in normal endometrium. (2) NS-398 had significant growth inhibition effects on RL95-2 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. (3) NS-398 increased the proportion of cells in G1 and decreased the proportion of cells in the G2 phase in RL95-2 cells. (4) NS-398 could restrain endometrial cancer cells invasion. (5) The proteomic analysis revealed several proteins that are differentially expressed because of NS-398 treatment; the down-regulated proteins identified are hnRNP K, α enolase, Hsp70, tropomyosin, and protein disulfide isomerase, the up-regulated protein is phosphatidylethanolamine binding protein.Conclusions:The expression of COX-2 plays an important role in tumorigenesis of endometrial cancer. NS-398 can inhibit the ability of RL95-2 cell proliferation, viability, and invasion. In this study, the well-resolved reproducible 2-DE maps of NS-398 treated and control RL95-2 cells were established, and the significantly different expressed proteins are preliminary identified.
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Shannon J, King IB, Moshofsky R, Lampe JW, Gao DL, Ray RM, Thomas DB. Erythrocyte fatty acids and breast cancer risk: a case-control study in Shanghai, China. Am J Clin Nutr 2007; 85:1090-7. [PMID: 17413110 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/85.4.1090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of individual fatty acids in the development and progression of breast cancer is unclear. Although in vitro and animal experiments have supported an inverse association between intake of long chain n-3 fatty acids [primarily eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid] and breast cancer risk, findings from population studies are inconsistent. Recent studies have also shown associations between the ratio of saturated to monounsaturated fatty acids (SI) and breast cancer risk. The SI reflects the activity of several genes involved in lipid metabolism, including fatty acid synthase and steroyl coenzyme-A desaturase, that have been shown to be overexpressed in breast cancer. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this analysis was to determine the association between erythrocyte fatty acid concentrations and breast cancer risk among women participating in a randomized trial of breast self-examination in Shanghai, China. DESIGN We conducted a case-control study. Erythrocyte fatty acid concentrations were determined in specimens from 322 women with histologically confirmed breast cancer and 1030 frequency age-matched control women. RESULTS We report a significant direct association among palmitic, gamma-linolenic, palmitoleic, and vaccenic acids and risk of breast cancer. Total n-3 fatty acids, EPA, and the SI for palmitic to palmitoleic acid were associated with significantly lower risk of breast cancer. CONCLUSION Our results support a protective effect of n-3 fatty acids on breast cancer risk and provide additional evidence for the importance of evaluating the ratio of fatty acids when evaluating diet and breast cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jackilen Shannon
- Center for Research on Occupational and Environmental Toxicology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
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Kuriki K, Hirose K, Wakai K, Matsuo K, Ito H, Suzuki T, Hiraki A, Saito T, Iwata H, Tatematsu M, Tajima K. Breast cancer risk and erythrocyte compositions of n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids in Japanese. Int J Cancer 2007; 121:377-85. [PMID: 17354239 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.22682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Dietary intake of fish rich in n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFAs), such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), has been proposed to decrease cancer risk. In contrast to results from laboratory studies, however, protective effects for breast cancer have proved equivocal in epidemiological studies. In the present case-control study, we examined associations between breast cancer risk and fatty acid compositions in erythrocyte membranes as biomarkers for those intakes. Dietary information and blood samples were collected from 103 incident breast cancer cases and 309 non-cancer controls (matched by age and season) and erythrocyte fatty acids were measured using accelerated solvent extraction and gas-liquid chromatography. Dietary intake of n-3 HUFAs demonstrated a negative association with risk (the highest to the lowest tertile, odds ratio (OR), 0.51; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.27-0.98; p(trend)<0.05), but there was no association with those of saturated fatty acids (SFAs) and meat. Moreover, risk was inversely associated with erythrocyte compositions of EPA (OR, 0.27; 95% CI, 0.14-0.53; p(trend)<0.0001), DHA (OR, 0.06; 95% CI, 0.02-0.16; p(trend)<0.0001) and n-3 HUFAs (OR, 0.11; 95% CI, 0.05-0.24; p(trend)<0.0001), and positively with that of SFAs (OR, 12.29; 95% CI, 4.94-30.57; p(trend)<0.0001) and the ratio of SFAs/n-3 HUFAs (OR, 14.65; 95% CI, 5.67-37.82; p(trend)<0.0001). In conclusion, we showed that erythrocyte compositions of specific fatty acids derived from fish intake, as biomarkers, are associated with lower risk of breast cancer, but further studies are needed to investigate mechanisms linked to the etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyonori Kuriki
- Division of Epidemiology and Prevention, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, 1-1 Kanokoden, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8681, Japan.
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Kuhnt K, Wagner A, Kraft J, Basu S, Jahreis G. Dietary supplementation with 11trans- and 12trans-18:1 and oxidative stress in humans. Am J Clin Nutr 2006; 84:981-8. [PMID: 17093147 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/84.5.981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High consumption of trans fat has been associated with high oxidative stress in humans, which could increase the risk of the development or acceleration of several diseases, such as atherosclerosis, cancer, and type 2 diabetes. OBJECTIVE Several urinary and blood biomarkers of oxidative stress [8-iso-prostaglandin-F(2alpha) (PGF(2alpha)), 15-keto-dihydro-PGF(2alpha), and 7,8-dihydro-8-oxo-2'-deoxy-guanosine in urine and alpha-,beta-,gamma-,delta-tocopherol, and retinol in plasma] were monitored to evaluate the oxidative stress induced by dietary supplementation of 11trans- and 12trans-18:1 isomers in humans during a 6-wk intervention. DESIGN After a 14-d adaptation period free of trans fatty acid supplementation (baseline), the test group (n = 12) received 3.0 g 11trans-18:1/d and 3.0 g 12trans-18:1/d (Sigma 6.0 g/d), and the control group (n = 12) consumed a control oil free of trans fatty acids and conjugated linoleic acids for 6 wk. RESULTS The postintervention concentration of urinary 8-iso-PGF(2alpha) (free radical-induced lipid peroxidation) in the test group was significantly higher than baseline and significantly higher than that observed in the control group. The concentrations of 15-keto-dihydro-PGF(2alpha) (cyclooxygenase-mediated inflammatory response indicator) and 7,8-dihydro-8-oxo-2'-deoxy-guanosine (oxidative DNA damage) were not affected by the 11trans- and 12trans-18:1 supplementation. CONCLUSIONS Although an increase in urinary 8-iso-PGF(2alpha) was observed and the effects of prolonged high (ie, >5.0 g/d) consumption of trans fat could be relevant to the development of disease, the mean intakes of 11trans- and 12trans-18:1 in Europeans are estimated to be significantly below the amounts administered in this study (ie, 6.0 g/d); such low intakes could minimize the possible risk of detrimental effects on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Kuhnt
- Institute of Nutrition, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
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Okuyama H. Needs to Change the Direction of Cholesterol-related Medication—A Problem of Great Urgency. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2005; 125:833-52. [PMID: 16272805 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.125.833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The cholesterol hypothesis implies that reducing the intake of saturated fatty acids and cholesterol and increasing that of polyunsaturated fatty acid are effective in lowering serum total cholesterol (TC), and thereby reducing the incidence of coronary heart disease (CHD). However, these dietary recommendations are essentially ineffective in reducing TC in the long run, but rather increase mortality rates from CHD and all causes. The reported "apparent relative risk of high TC in CHD mortality" (the ratio of mortality at the highest/lowest TC levels) varied several-fold among populations studied. The incidence of familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) in a population was proposed to be a critical factor in the observed variability, which could be accounted for by assuming that 1) the high CHD mortality rate in high-TC groups is mainly a reflection of the incidence and severity of FH, and 2) high TC is not a causative factor of CHD in non-FH cases. This interpretation is supported by recent observations that high TC is not positively associated with high CHD mortality rates among general populations more than 40-50 years of age. More importantly, higher TC values are associated with lower cancer and all-cause mortality rates among these populations, in which relative proportions of FH are likely to be low (circa 0.2%). Although the effectiveness of statins in preventing CHD has been accepted in Western countries, little benefit seems to result from efforts to limit dietary cholesterol intake or to TC values to less than approximately 260 mg/dl among the general population and the elderly. Instead, an unbalanced intake of omega6 over omega3 polyunsaturated fats favors the production of eicosanoids, the actions of which lead to the production of inflammatory and thrombotic lipid mediators and altered cellular signaling and gene expression, which are major risk factors for CHD, cancers, and shorter longevity. Based on the data reviewed here, it is urgent to change the direction of current cholesterol-related medication for the prevention of CHD, cancer, and all-cause mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harumi Okuyama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Japan.
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Wakai K, Tamakoshi K, Date C, Fukui M, Suzuki S, Lin Y, Niwa Y, Nishio K, Yatsuya H, Kondo T, Tokudome S, Yamamoto A, Toyoshima H, Tamakoshi A. Dietary intakes of fat and fatty acids and risk of breast cancer: a prospective study in Japan. Cancer Sci 2005; 96:590-9. [PMID: 16128744 PMCID: PMC11159093 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2005.00084.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
To examine the possible association of dietary fat and fatty acids with breast cancer risk in a population with a low total fat intake and a high consumption of fish, we analyzed data from the Japan Collaborative Cohort (JACC) Study. From 1988 to 1990, 26 291 women aged 40-79 years completed a questionnaire on dietary and other factors. Intakes of fat or fatty acids were estimated by using a food frequency questionnaire. Rate ratios (RR) were computed by fitting proportional hazards models. During the mean follow-up of 7.6 years, 129 breast cancer cases were documented. We found no clear association of total fat intake with breast cancer risk; the multivariate-adjusted RR across quartiles were 1.00, 1.29, 0.95, and 0.80 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.46-1.38). A significant decrease in the risk was detected for the highest quartile of intake compared with the lowest for fish fat and long-chain n-3 fatty acids; the RR were 0.56 (95% CI 0.33-0.94) and 0.50 (0.30-0.85), respectively. A decreasing trend in risk was also suggested with an increasing intake of saturated fatty acids (trend P = 0.066). Among postmenopausal women at baseline, the highest quartile of vegetable fat intake was associated with a 2.08-fold increase in risk (95% CI 1.05-4.13). This prospective study did not support any increase in the risk of breast cancer associated with total or saturated fat intake, but it suggested the protective effects of the long-chain n-3 fatty acids that are abundant in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Wakai
- Division of Epidemiology and Prevention, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, 1-1 Kanokoden, Nagoya 464-8681, Japan.
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Orejuela FJ, Ramondetta LM, Smith J, Brown J, Lemos LB, Li Y, Hollier LM. Estrogen and progesterone receptors and cyclooxygenase-2 expression in endometrial cancer, endometrial hyperplasia, and normal endometrium. Gynecol Oncol 2005; 97:483-8. [PMID: 15863148 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2005.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2004] [Revised: 01/21/2005] [Accepted: 02/08/2005] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine whether cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression is seen in endometrial cancer, endometrial hyperplasia, and normal endometria and whether it correlates with expression of estrogen and progesterone receptors. METHODS The study was a retrospective, IRB-approved analysis of biopsy samples from 14 patients with endometrial adenocarcinoma, 19 with endometrial hyperplasias, and 10 with normal endometrium. Excluded were samples from women with a history of pelvic radiation, NSAID use, or treatment with hormones during previous year. Immunohistochemical analyses were performed on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues. Expression of COX-2, estrogen and progesterone receptors were scored according to the proportion of positive-staining cells: 1(+), <10%; 2(+), 10-50%; and 3(+), >50%. A score > or =2(+) was considered positive. Fisher's exact test and analysis of variance were used to compare proportions and continuous variables, respectively. RESULTS Overexpression of COX-2 was seen in 4 (29%) of the endometrial cancers, 6 (32%) of the endometrial hyperplasia, and 4 (20%) of the normal endometria. These differences were not statistically significant (P = 0.90). No COX-2 expression was found in stromal tissue. Of 14 endometrial cancers, 7 (50%) expressed any COX-2, with 4 (29%) having an expression score of > or =2(+). Of 19 endometrial hyperplasias, 11 (58%) expressed any COX-2; with 6 (32%) having a score of > or =2(+). All 10 normal endometria showed only 1(+) expression. No significant differences were detected in COX-2 expression by grade or stage of cancer. Although 100% and 95% of both hyperplasia and normal endometrium samples expressed in estrogen and progesterone receptors, respectively, only 71% and 79% of endometrial cancers expressed estrogen and progesterone receptors (P = 0.01). A nonparametric trend was performed to detect a relationship, between COX-2 and estrogen receptor or progesterone receptor expression; no significant trend was found. CONCLUSIONS In this study, the immunohistochemical analysis showed a trend toward increased COX-2 expression in endometrial cancer and hyperplasia compared to normal endometria. A larger sample size is needed to confirm these results. The increased COX-2 expression in hyperplasia may signify an early step in carcinogenesis. These findings may represent an important treatment opportunity for synergism in the hormonal therapy of endometrial cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J Orejuela
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77025, USA
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review will address recent research in metabolism of essential fatty acids and their long chain derivatives. Our main focus will be the association between essential fatty acid status and various disease states, as well as the effects of supplementation with essential fatty acids or their derivatives on a number of clinical outcomes. RECENT FINDINGS There have been several papers over the last few years that show links between supplementation with fish oil (n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids) and cardiovascular disease. Recent data suggest that the use of fish oil (containing n-3 fatty acids) in a variety of disorders such as cystic fibrosis, coronary disease and in the prevention of sudden death is beneficial. Several papers show reductions in systemic markers of inflammation. More widespread use of essential fatty acid derivatives in infant formula can certainly be questioned on the basis of the recent data. Fewer benefits are seen with ingestion of the essential fatty acids themselves, likely related to limited conversion to their long chain derivatives in humans. SUMMARY Derivatives of essential fatty acids have the potential to modify a number of disease states, either ingested in greater quantities in the diet, or taken as supplements in the form of fish oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen C McCowen
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
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Zografos GC, Panou M, Panou N. Common risk factors of breast and ovarian cancer: recent view. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2004; 14:721-40. [PMID: 15361179 DOI: 10.1111/j.1048-891x.2004.14503.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinicians, epidemiologists, and public health specialists tend to examine breast and ovarian cancer separately. Although this seems fairly rational and expected, both malignancies are estrogen related and thus share many risk factors. In this review, we investigate the common familial, reproductive, anthropometric, nutritional, and lifestyle risk factors of breast and ovarian cancer. We believe that the parallel examination of the two cancer types could significantly contribute to an improved prevention of "gynecological cancer" as a whole.
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Affiliation(s)
- G C Zografos
- 1st Department of Propaedeutic Surgery of Athens Medical School, Hippokration General Hospital, University of Athens, Kolonaki 10675, Athens, Greece.
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Narita S, Tsuchiya N, Wang L, Matsuura S, Ohyama C, Satoh S, Sato K, Ogawa O, Habuchi T, Kato T. Association of lipoprotein lipase gene polymorphism with risk of prostate cancer in a Japanese population. Int J Cancer 2004; 112:872-6. [PMID: 15386377 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.20477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
A high fat intake has been associated with prostate cancer risk, and gene polymorphisms of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) play an important role in plasma lipoprotein metabolism. We herein analyzed the association of LPL gene polymorphisms with the risk of prostate cancer in a Japanese population. Three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of LPL designated as Ser447stop, HindIII and PvuII were genotyped by the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method in 273 prostate cancer patients, 205 benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) patients and 230 male controls. The men with the CG + GG genotypes of the Ser447stop polymorphism had an increased risk of prostate cancer compared to those with the CC genotype [age-adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.625; 95% CI = 1.068-2.471; p = 0.023]. Furthermore, the increased risk associated with the CG + GG genotypes was more strongly observed in patients with high-grade cancers (aOR = 2.843; 95% CI = 1.252-6.458; p = 0.039) or metastatic diseases (aOR = 2.300; 95% CI = 1.042-5.074; p = 0.013), whereas the risk was not significant in those with low- to intermediate-grade cancers or nonmetastatic diseases. In the HindIII and PvuII polymorphisms, there was no significant difference between the prostate cancer patients and the controls, and no significant results as for tumor grade and stage. None of the 3 polymorphisms showed any association with the risk of BPH. Our results suggest that the LPL Ser447stop polymorphism is a common genetic modifier for the development of prostate cancer, particularly that of high-grade and/or high-stage, in a Japanese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shintaro Narita
- Department of Urology, Akita University School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
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Weggemans RM, Rudrum M, Trautwein EA. Intake of ruminantversus industrialtrans fatty acids and risk of coronary heart disease– what is the evidence? EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.200300932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Tokudome S, Kuriki K, Suzuki S, Nahomi I, Goto C, Tokudome Y, Takeda E, Ichikawa Y, Okuyama H. n-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Breast Cancer. Nutr Cancer 2003; 47:210; author reply 211-2. [PMID: 15087274 DOI: 10.1207/s15327914nc4702_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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