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Kalnisky M, Levy D. Unauthorized migrants in Israel: The contribution of threat variables and personal and community resources to the perception of social distance toward migrants from Africa. JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2021; 49:283-304. [PMID: 33053212 DOI: 10.1002/jcop.22457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
To examine the contribution of background variables, threat variables, and personal and community resources to participants' perceived social distance toward unauthorized migrants. Study participants were 168 Israeli citizens/longtime residents of three disadvantaged neighborhoods in Israel, who filled out self-report questionnaires. We applied a hierarchical regression model and also examined the direct and indirect contribution of the abovementioned variables to the social distance of these longtime residents toward unauthorized migrants in Israel. All participants reported high levels of social distance, irrespective of their physical proximity to the migrants. Cultural disparity was perceived as a major threat. Residents who lived in close proximity to migrants particularly expressed concern about harm to their economic well-being. Although political preference had no statistically significant direct effect on social distance, the mediation analysis revealed a complete indirect mechanism of the effect of political preference on social distance through threat perceptions. The research broadened our understanding of longtime neighborhood residents' perceived social distance toward migrants.It migrants. It also contributes to the development of knowledge, which will form the basis for intervention programs in the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mor Kalnisky
- The Louis and Gabi Weisfeld School of Social Work, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Drorit Levy
- The Louis and Gabi Weisfeld School of Social Work, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
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Holt TJ, Burruss GW, Bossler AM. Assessing the Macro-Level Correlates of Malware Infections Using a Routine Activities Framework. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OFFENDER THERAPY AND COMPARATIVE CRIMINOLOGY 2018; 62:1720-1741. [PMID: 27913717 DOI: 10.1177/0306624x16679162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The ability to gain unauthorized access to computer systems to engage in espionage and data theft poses a massive threat to individuals worldwide. There has been minimal focus, however, on the role of malicious software, or malware, which can automate this process. This study examined the macro-correlates of malware infection at the national level by using an open repository of known malware infections and utilizing a routine activities framework. Negative inflated binomial models for counts indicated that nations with greater technological infrastructure, more political freedoms, and with less organized crime financial impact were more likely to report malware infections. The number of Computer Emergency Response Teams (CERTs) in a nation was not significantly related with reported malware infection. The implications of the study for the understanding of malware infection, routine activity theory, and target-hardening strategies are discussed.
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Ben Hagai E, Zurbriggen EL. Between tikkun olam and self-defense: Young Jewish Americans debate the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. JOURNAL OF SOCIAL AND POLITICAL PSYCHOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.5964/jspp.v5i1.629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we examined processes associated with ingroup members’ break from their ingroup and solidarity with the outgroup. We explored these processes by observing the current dramatic social change in which a growing number of young Jewish Americans have come to reject Israel’s treatment of the Palestinians. We conducted a yearlong participant observation and in-depth interviews with 27 Jewish American college students involved in Israel advocacy on a college campus. Findings suggest that Jewish Americans entering the Jewish community in college came to learn about the Israeli-Palestinian conflict through a lens of Jewish vulnerability. A bill proposed by Palestinian solidarity organizations to divest from companies associated with Israel (part of the Boycott, Divestment, and Sanctions or BDS movement) was also interpreted through the lens of Israel's vulnerability. As the college’s Student Union debated the bill, a schism emerged in the Jewish community. Some Jewish students who had a strong sense of their Jewish identity and grounded their Judaism in principles of social justice exhibited a greater openness to the Palestinian narrative of the conflict. Understanding of Palestinian dispossession was associated with the rejection of the mainstream Jewish establishment’s unconditional support of Israel. Moreover, dissenting Jewish students were concerned that others in the campus community would perceive them as denying the demands of people of color. We discuss our observations of the process of social change in relation to social science theories on narrative acknowledgment and collective action.
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Abstract
Assuming a cultural psychology approach, this study examines the life stories of 30 Israeli and Palestinian adolescent participants in a coexistence program. Prior to participation, youth identity was characterized by polarization in which an ingroup ideology is internalized with little understanding of the outgroup’s ideological perspective. Three identity-related outcomes emerged following participation. Identity transcendence, in which a reduction in salience of ingroup ideology was accompanied by increased recognition of outgroup ideological legitimacy, characterized the most common immediate outcome. Identity accentuation characterized the long-term impact for most youth, whose ideological identifications ultimately conformed to an ingroup identity narrative. Identity conflict occurred among youth who struggled to integrate the experience of coexistence into the life story. Findings suggest (a) the challenges of identity intervention in the context of intractable conflict, and (b) a context-specific theory of identity in which polarized identities contribute to the reproduction and intractability of the conflict across generations.
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Hammack PL, Pilecki A, Merrilees C. Interrogating the Process and Meaning of Intergroup Contact: Contrasting Theoretical Approaches. JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY & APPLIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/casp.2167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrew Pilecki
- Department of Psychology; University of California; Santa Cruz CA USA
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HALPERIN ERAN, CANETTI DAPHNA, KIMHI SHAUL. In Love With Hatred: Rethinking the Role Hatred Plays in Shaping Political Behavior1. JOURNAL OF APPLIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1559-1816.2012.00938.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Yildiz AA, Verkuyten M. Inclusive victimhood: Social identity and the politicization of collective trauma among Turkey's Alevis in Western Europe. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/10781919.2011.587175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Hammack PL, Pilecki A, Caspi N, Strauss AA. Prevalence and correlates of delegitimization among Jewish Israeli adolescents. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/10781919.2010.544636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Abstract
Contemporary Palestinian youth engage with a tragic master narrative of loss and dispossession supported by the social structure of ongoing intractable conflict and Israeli military occupation. This article illustrates a narrative and idiographic approach to research in cultural psychology, interrogating the relationship between constructions of personal identity and the master narrative of Palestinian history and collective identity among contemporary youth. Narratives of youth reveal points of both convergence and divergence with the master narrative of Palestinian identity, the most notable of which are the reproduction of tragic stories of loss and dispossession and the current ideological divisions within Palestinian society between secular and religious nationalism. Implications for theory and methodological practice in cultural psychology are discussed.
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O'Brien LT, Crandall CS, Horstman-Reser A, Warner R, Alsbrooks A, Blodorn A. But I'm No Bigot: How Prejudiced White Americans Maintain Unprejudiced Self-Images. JOURNAL OF APPLIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1559-1816.2010.00604.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Canetti D, Halperin E, Hobfoll SE, Shapira O, Hirsch-Hoefler S. Authoritarianism, perceived threat and exclusionism on the eve of the Disengagement: Evidence from Gaza. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INTERCULTURAL RELATIONS : IJIR 2009; 33:463-474. [PMID: 22140286 PMCID: PMC3229268 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijintrel.2008.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Major political events such as terrorist attacks and forced relocation of citizens may have an immediate effect on attitudes towards ethnic minorities associated with these events. The psychological process that leads to political exclusionism of minority groups was examined using a field study among Israeli settlers in Gaza days prior to the Disengagement Plan adopted by the Israeli government on June 6, 2004 and enacted in August 2005. Lending credence to integrated threat theory and to theory on authoritarianism, our analyses show that the positive effect of religiosity on political exclusionism results from the two-staged mediation of authoritarianism and perceived threat. We conclude that religiosity fosters authoritarianism, which in turn tends to move people towards exclusionism both directly and through the mediation of perceived threat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daphna Canetti
- Department of Political Science Council on Middle East Studies, The MacMillan Center and Department of Political Science Yale University, United States
| | - Eran Halperin
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, United States
| | - Stevan E. Hobfoll
- Department of Behavioral Sciences, Rush Medical College, United States
| | - Oren Shapira
- Department of Psychology, Tel-Aviv University, Israel
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Canetti-Nisim D, Halperin E, Sharvit K, Hobfoll SE. A New Stress-Based Model of Political Extremism: Personal Exposure to Terrorism, Psychological Distress, and Exclusionist Political Attitudes. THE JOURNAL OF CONFLICT RESOLUTION 2009; 53:363-389. [PMID: 22140275 PMCID: PMC3229259 DOI: 10.1177/0022002709333296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Does exposure to terrorism lead to hostility toward minorities? Drawing on theories from clinical and social psychology, we propose a stress-based model of political extremism in which psychological distress-which is largely overlooked in political scholarship-and threat perceptions mediate the relationship between exposure to terrorism and attitudes toward minorities. To test the model, a representative sample of 469 Israeli Jewish respondents was interviewed on three occasions at six-month intervals. Structural Equation Modeling indicated that exposure to terrorism predicted psychological distress (t1), which predicted perceived threat from Palestinian citizens of Israel (t2), which, in turn, predicted exclusionist attitudes toward Palestinian citizens of Israel (t3). These findings provide solid evidence and a mechanism for the hypothesis that terrorism introduces nondemocratic attitudes threatening minority rights. It suggests that psychological distress plays an important role in political decision making and should be incorporated in models drawing upon political psychology.
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Hammack PL. Exploring the reproduction of conflict through narrative: Israeli youth motivated to participate in a coexistence program. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/10781910802589923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Vollhardt JR. The role of victim beliefs in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict: Risk or potential for peace? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/10781910802544373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Rousseau C, Jamil U. Meaning of 9/11 for two Pakistani communities: from external intruders to the internalisation of a negative self-image. Anthropol Med 2008; 15:163-74. [DOI: 10.1080/13648470802355467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Hammack PL. Narrative and the Cultural Psychology of Identity. PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY REVIEW 2008; 12:222-47. [DOI: 10.1177/1088868308316892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 395] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This article presents a tripartite model of identity that integrates cognitive, social, and cultural levels of analysis in a multimethod framework. With a focus on content, structure, and process, identity is defined as ideology cognized through the individual engagement with discourse, made manifest in a personal narrative constructed and reconstructed across the life course, and scripted in and through social interaction and social practice. This approach to the study of identity challenges personality and social psychologists to consider a cultural psychology framework that focuses on the relationship between master narratives and personal narratives of identity, recognizes the value of a developmental perspective, and uses ethnographic and idiographic methods. Research in personality and social psychology that either explicitly or implicitly relies on the model is reviewed.
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Fischer R, Harb C, Al-Sarraf S, Nashabe O. Support for Resistance Among Iraqi Students: An Exploratory Study. BASIC AND APPLIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/01973530802209202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Omar Nashabe
- c American University of Science and Technology , Lebanon
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Vollhardt JK, Bilali R. Social Psychology's Contribution to the Psychological Study of Peace. SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2008. [DOI: 10.1027/1864-9335.39.1.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract. This article examines the overlap between social psychology and the psychological study of peace. We suggest that, within mainstream social psychology, a substantial body of research exists that can be referred to as “social psychological peace research” (SPPR). We present a framework that defines the subject matter and introduces conceptual and methodological criteria, characterizing core research in this area as (1) value-explicit, (2) contextualized, (3) including multiple levels of analysis, and (4) practically oriented. A content analysis of leading social psychology journals identifies the amount and nature of current SPPR. We suggest future directions for an integrated body of research to realize the field's potential to further the understanding and prevention of societal conflict as well as the promotion of positive intergroup relations.
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Milgram N, Geisis M, Katz N, Haskaya L. Correlates of readiness for interethnic relations of Israeli Jews and Arabs. PEACE AND CONFLICT-JOURNAL OF PEACE PSYCHOLOGY 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/10781910701839924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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