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Luong AD, Buzid A, Luong JHT. Important Roles and Potential Uses of Natural and Synthetic Antimicrobial Peptides (AMPs) in Oral Diseases: Cavity, Periodontal Disease, and Thrush. J Funct Biomater 2022; 13:jfb13040175. [PMID: 36278644 PMCID: PMC9589978 DOI: 10.3390/jfb13040175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous epithelial cells and sometimes leukocytes release AMPs as their first line of defense. AMPs encompass cationic histatins, defensins, and cathelicidin to encounter oral pathogens with minimal resistance. However, their concentrations are significantly below the effective levels and AMPs are unstable under physiological conditions due to proteolysis, acid hydrolysis, and salt effects. In parallel to a search for more effective AMPs from natural sources, considerable efforts have focused on synthetic stable and low-cytotoxicy AMPs with significant activities against microorganisms. Using natural AMP templates, various attempts have been used to synthesize sAMPs with different charges, hydrophobicity, chain length, amino acid sequence, and amphipathicity. Thus far, sAMPs have been designed to target Streptococcus mutans and other common oral pathogens. Apart from sAMPs with antifungal activities against Candida albicans, future endeavors should focus on sAMPs with capabilities to promote remineralization and antibacterial adhesion. Delivery systems using nanomaterials and biomolecules are promising to stabilize, reduce cytotoxicity, and improve the antimicrobial activities of AMPs against oral pathogens. Nanostructured AMPs will soon become a viable alternative to antibiotics due to their antimicrobial mechanisms, broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, low drug residue, and ease of synthesis and modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Donald Luong
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14215, USA
| | - Alyah Buzid
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 380, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - John H. T. Luong
- School of Chemistry and Analytical & Biological Chemistry Research Facility (ABCRF), University College Cork, College Road, T12 YN60 Cork, Ireland
- Correspondence: or
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Potential Combinatory Effect of Cannabidiol and Triclosan Incorporated into Sustained Release Delivery System against Oral Candidiasis. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14081624. [PMID: 36015249 PMCID: PMC9416779 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14081624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans is a common fungal pathogen. Biofilm formation on various surfaces is an important determinant of C. albicans pathogenicity. Our previous results demonstrated the high potential of cannabidiol (CBD) to affect C. albicans biofilms. Based on these data, we investigated the possibility of incorporating CBD and/or triclosan (an antimicrobial agent that is widely utilized in dentistry) in a sustained-release varnish (SRV) (SRV-CBD, SRV-triclosan) to increase their pharmaceutical potential against C. albicans biofilm, as well as that of the mixture of the agents into SRV (SRV-CBD/triclosan). The study was conducted in a plastic model, on agar, and in an ex vivo tooth model. Our results demonstrated strong antibiofilm activity of SRV-CBD and SRV-triclosan against C. albicans in all tested models. Both formulations were able to inhibit biofilm formation and to remove mature fungal biofilm. In addition, SRV-CBD and SRV-triclosan altered C. albicans morphology. Finally, we observed a dramatic enhancement of antibiofilm activity when combined SRV-CBD/triclosan was applied. In conclusion, we propose that incorporation of CBD or triclosan into SRV is an effective strategy to fight fungal biofilms. Importantly, the data demonstrate that our CBD/triclosan varnish is safe, and is not cytotoxic for normal mammalian cells. Furthermore, we propose that CBD and triclosan being in mixture in SRV exhibit complementary antibiofilm activity, and thus can be explored for further development as a potential treatment against fungal infections.
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Jiang X, Wang Y, Li X, Feng Z, Zeng Y, Han S, Takahashi N, Zhang L. Development and evaluation of a chewing gum containing antimicrobial peptide GH12 for caries prevention. Eur J Oral Sci 2022; 130:e12887. [PMID: 35917355 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to develop a chewing gum containing a novel antimicrobial peptide GH12 and evaluate its biocompatibility, antimicrobial activity, and caries-preventive effects in vivo and in vitro. GH12 chewing gum was developed using a conventional method and its extracts were prepared in artificial saliva. GH12 concentration in the extracts was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography; extracts were used for growth curve assay, time-kill assay, crystal violet staining assay, scanning electron microscopy, and Cell Counting Kit-8 assay. A rat caries model was established, and molars were treated topically with extracts for 5 weeks. Weight gain monitoring, hematoxylin-eosin staining, micro-computed tomography, and Keyes scoring were conducted. Significant inhibition of Streptococcus mutans growth and biofilm formation was observed. Extracts displayed low cytotoxicity against human gingival epithelial cells. No significant differences in weight gain or signs of harm to the mucosal tissues in any of the rats were observed. Keyes scores of caries lesions in the GH12 chewing gum group were lower than those of the negative control group. It was concluded that GH12 chewing gum showed good biocompatibility, antimicrobial activity, and caries-preventive effects, exhibiting great potential to prevent dental caries as an adjuvant to regular oral hygiene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuelian Jiang
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yufei Wang
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinwei Li
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zening Feng
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuhao Zeng
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Sili Han
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Nobuhiro Takahashi
- Division of Oral Ecology and Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Linglin Zhang
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Biodegradable medicated chewing gum: A modernized system for delivering bioactive compounds. FUTURE FOODS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fufo.2021.100054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Tagami T, Kuwata E, Ozeki T. Confectionery Xylitol Gum-Containing Tablets for Medical Application and the Sintering Effect on Gum Tablets. Biol Pharm Bull 2021; 44:1309-1315. [PMID: 34471059 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b21-00317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Confectionery ingredients are expected to enhance the medication adherence of pediatric patients taking bitter-tasting drugs when adequate pediatric medicines are not available in practical settings. Gum is a familiar confectionery, and several drug-loaded gums are on the market as medicated chewing gums. In this study, medical gum tablets composed of confectionery xylitol gum and a drug (ibuprofen or acetaminophen) were prepared and evaluated for the purpose of potential hospital applications. The effect of the sintering process, a heating treatment, on the physical properties of the solid materials was also examined. The sintering process markedly improved the hardness of the gum tablets. The sintering temperature and time affected the hardness of both ibuprofen- and acetaminophen-loaded gum tablets, whereas heat treatment around the melting point of ibuprofen or xylitol and longer heat treatment resulted in failure of the preparation or a reduction in hardness. The sintered gum tablets exhibited a delayed drug release profile in artificial saliva after an in vitro chewing test. The current results provide basic and useful information about the preparation of gum-containing tablets in future clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuaki Tagami
- Drug Delivery and Nano Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University
| | - Eriko Kuwata
- Drug Delivery and Nano Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University
| | - Tetsuya Ozeki
- Drug Delivery and Nano Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University
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Khamverdi Z, Farhadian F, Khazaei S, Adabi M. Efficacy of chitosan-based chewing gum on reducing salivary S. mutans counts and salivary pH: a randomised clinical trial. Acta Odontol Scand 2021; 79:268-274. [PMID: 33138680 DOI: 10.1080/00016357.2020.1836392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine chitosan-based chewing gum role on reducing salivary S. mutans counts and salivary pH. MATERIALS AND METHODS The present double-blind randomised clinical trial with the trial registration number of IRCT20190724044319N1 was conducted on 36 dental students. The volunteers were, randomly, divided into two groups (n = 18) including: G1: intervention group (chitosan chewing gum) and G2: control group (placebo chewing gum). Each participant was given eight pieces of the chewing gum, and was asked to chew each gum piece for 5 min and this was repeated for eight times. Their Saliva was collected before and after chewing gums and the number of S. mutans colonies and salivary pH were determined. Data were analysed using SPSS (ver.21) and independent student t test. p Value less than .05 was set as significant. RESULTS There was significant difference between two groups for the number of salivary S. mutans colonies (3.31*105 in the intervention group compared to 13.94*105 in the Control group) (p < .001). The salivary pH evaluation showed that salivary pH mean value in intervention group was not significant in compared with control group (p = .17). However, the chitosan chewing gum led to an increase in salivary pH by 0.17, which was statistically significant (p = .01). CONCLUSION Results of this study showed that chitosan chewing gum has a positive effect on the reduction of numbers of salivary S. mutans colonies but had no considerable effect on the increase of salivary pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Khamverdi
- Department of Operative Dentistry, School of dentistry, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Farhadian
- School of dentistry, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Salman Khazaei
- Research Center for Health Sciences, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Maryam Adabi
- Brucellosis Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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Burke MD, Koetting MC. Development of a Clinically Relevant Dissolution Approach to Simulate Physiological Forces with a USP 2 Apparatus: “Peristaltic Dissolution”. J Pharm Innov 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12247-020-09485-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Kirkwood B, Miller M, Milleman J, Milleman K, Leung K. Four-day plaque regrowth evaluation of a peptide chewing gum in a double-blind randomized clinical trial. Clin Exp Dent Res 2020; 6:318-327. [PMID: 32558314 PMCID: PMC7301399 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Antimicrobial peptide, KSL-W, formulated as an antiplaque chewing gum (APCG), was tested to evaluate the dental plaque inhibition activity and safety in an IRB approved and FDA regulated 4-day plaque regrowth clinical study. METHODS This Phase 2 two-armed placebo-controlled, double blind, randomized (1:1), multiple dose, and single-center study was evaluated in a proof of concept for the APCG containing 30 mg antimicrobial peptide KSL-W. Twenty six generally healthy subjects were consented and randomized into the study. The subjects were administered a dose three times per day for four treatment days following a complete dental prophylaxis. Participants were prohibited from conducting oral hygiene care (teeth brushing, flossing, and/or mouth wash rinse) for the duration of the trial. Twelve to 16 hr prior to the baseline visit, the subjects were to abstain from oral hygiene care. The Quigley-Hein Turesky plaque index (QHT) score and the oral soft tissue clinical exams were obtained at both Day 0 and Day 4. RESULTS All randomized study subjects that received either APCG or placebo gum completed the study with no significant adverse events recorded. The APCG significantly inhibited the regrowth of dental plaque over the course of 4 days. The whole mouth data demonstrated a difference in the QHT between the APCG and the placebo gum of 1.14 (SE = 0.27) and 95% confidence bounds of 0.58, 1.70 with a two-tailed P value of .0003. CONCLUSION Considering the limited sample size, the proof of concept analysis in this Phase 2 study confirmed that APCG is effective against dental plaque formation and safe for human use. (ClinicalTrials.gov Study ID# NCT02864901).
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Kirkwood
- Dental and Craniofacial TraumaUS Army Institute of Surgical ResearchSan AntonioTexas
| | | | | | | | - Kai Leung
- Dental and Craniofacial TraumaUS Army Institute of Surgical ResearchSan AntonioTexas
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Al Hagbani T, Altomare C, Salawi A, Nazzal S. D-optimal mixture design: Formulation development, mechanical characterization, and optimization of curcumin chewing gums using oppanol® B 12 elastomer as a gum-base. Int J Pharm 2018; 553:210-219. [PMID: 30347275 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.10.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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10
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Al Hagbani T, Nazzal S. Medicated Chewing Gums (MCGs): Composition, Production, and Mechanical Testing. AAPS PharmSciTech 2018; 19:2908-2920. [PMID: 30088152 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-018-1123-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Medicated chewing gums (MCGs) represent a unique platform for drug delivery. They have been defined as solid single-dose preparations, which may contain more than one active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) with base consisting primarily of gum that has to be chewed for a certain period of time. They mainly contain a tasteless masticatory gum base as the core with other minor nonmasticatory ingredients, such as flavors and sweeteners. Despite their advantages in drug delivery, MCGs remain a niche product due to the complexity of their formulation, lack of acceptable testing methods, and intricacy of their manufacturing. Few studies have been reported on their use, and most of the information on their composition and production could be found in patent search. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of gum composition, manufacturing process, and characterization. Due to the scarcity of studies concerning the evaluation of the mechanical properties of MCGs, greater emphasis was placed on the available performance tests and procedures for the estimation of their mechanical and textural properties. While very few tests have been recommended by the official pharmacopeias, several tests have been suggested for assessing the mechanical properties of MCGs in vitro. Properties, such as chewiness, elasticity, and firmness, of chewing gums during mastication are imperative quality attributes that have been found to strongly correlate with gum composition and mouth feel.
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11
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Philip N, Suneja B, Walsh LJ. Ecological Approaches to Dental Caries Prevention: Paradigm Shift or Shibboleth? Caries Res 2018; 52:153-165. [PMID: 29320767 DOI: 10.1159/000484985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Contemporary paradigms of dental caries aetiology focus on the ecology of the dental plaque biofilm and how local environmental factors can modulate this to cause disease. The crucial role that a healthy oral microbiome plays in preventing caries and promoting oral health is also being increasingly recognized. Based on these concepts, several ecological preventive approaches have been developed that could potentially broaden the arsenal of currently available caries-preventive measures. Many of these ecological approaches aim for long-term caries control by either disrupting cariogenic virulence factors without affecting bacterial viability, or include measures that can enhance the growth of health-associated, microbially diverse communities in the oral microbiome. This paper argues for the need to develop ecological preventive measures that go beyond conventional caries-preventive methods, and discusses whether these ecological approaches can be effective in reducing the severity of caries by promoting stable, health-associated oral biofilm communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nebu Philip
- School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Al-Ghananeem AM, Leung KP, Faraj J, DeLuca PP. Development of a Sustained Antiplaque and Antimicrobial Chewing Gum of a Decapeptide. AAPS PharmSciTech 2017; 18:2240-2247. [PMID: 28070851 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-016-0706-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this paper was to design a chewing gum formulation delivery system in situations where typical dental hygiene practice is not practical. Thus, an analog of decapeptide KSL (KSL-W), known to possess antimicrobial and antiplaque activity, was incorporated into a chewing gum formulation containing cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC). The effect of the excipients, xylitol, and peppermint oil on active ingredients in vitro release was also assessed. Gum formulations were prepared with different excipient parameters, including heating xylitol and gum base at 65 or 85°C, using ground and unground xylitol, and the addition of 1.5, 3, and 7% peppermint oil, to determine the effect of these changes on the in vitro release of KSL-W and CPC using a chewing machine. The antimicrobial and antiplaque activities of solutions released from chewed gum formulation as well as prepared standard solutions with different concentrations were tested against placebo. The optimal temperature to avoid crystallization of xylitol during preparation was 65°C. Grinding xylitol to 104.5 μm improved release of active ingredients as compared to commercially unground xylitol. Peppermint oil had opposite effects on release of KSL-W and CPC. Peppermint oil at 1.5% was determined to be suitable (91 and 88% of KSL-W and CPC released, respectively, after 40 min). The gum formulation illustrated good sustained release of KSL-W and CPC with antibacterial and antiplaque activities after chewing. An effective antimicrobial and antiplaque chewing gum formulation was developed. This formulation has the potential to overcome oral hygiene issues in those unable to follow normal dental protocols.
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Pistone S, Rykke M, Smistad G, Hiorth M. Polysaccharide-coated liposomal formulations for dental targeting. Int J Pharm 2017; 516:106-115. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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In Vivo Release Kinetics and Antibacterial Activity of Novel Polyphenols-Enriched Chewing Gums. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21081008. [PMID: 27490529 PMCID: PMC6273284 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21081008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chewing gums may be particularly effective means for delivering and maintaining bioactive molecules, included in the gum formulation, able to have an anti-cariogenic effect. The purposes of this study were: to develop novel chewing gums containing quercetin (Qt); to evaluate their release using in vivo trial; finally, to test their in vivo antibacterial effect against oral Streptococcus mutans strains. A preliminary study was performed to produce new gums, enriched with the polyphenol quercetin. Then, a first in vivo experimental study was assessed to test the percentages of Qt released in the saliva of young volunteers. Moreover, a second clinical trial was performed to analyze the antibacterial capability of these enriched chewing gums against S. mutans strains after 14 days of daily consumption. The release analysis showed that a more effective release of Qt occurs in the first minutes of chewing, and it does not change saliva pH values. Moreover, Qt included in gums demonstrates an effective antibacterial activity, showing a reduction of the concentration of S. mutans strains in saliva samples, especially after 7 days. Qt included in experimental chewing gums could be efficiently released into the oral cavity and could promote an effective anti-caries concentration in volunteer's saliva, without changing salivary pH values.
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Soukup O, Dolezal R, Malinak D, Marek J, Salajkova S, Pasdiorova M, Honegr J, Korabecny J, Nachtigal P, Nachon F, Jun D, Kuca K. Synthesis, antimicrobial evaluation and molecular modeling of 5-hydroxyisoquinolinium salt series; the effect of the hydroxyl moiety. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:841-8. [PMID: 26774252 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Revised: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In the present paper, we describe the synthesis of a new group of 5-hydroxyisoquinolinium salts with different lengths of alkyl side-chain (C10-C18), and their chromatographic analysis and biological assay for in vitro activity against bacterial and fungal strains. We compare the lipophilicity and efficacy of hydroxylated isoquinolinium salts with the previously published (non-hydroxylated) isoquinolinium salts from the point of view of antibacterial and antifungal versatility and cytotoxic safety. Compound 11 (C18) had to be excluded from the testing due to its low solubility. Compounds 9 and 10 (C14, C16) showed only moderate efficacy against G+ bacteria, notably with excellent potency against Staphyloccocus aureus, but no effect against G- bacteria. In contrast, non-hydroxylated isoquinolinium salts showed excellent antimicrobial efficacy within the whole series, particularly 14 (C14) against G+ strains and 15 (C16) against fungi. The electronic properties and desolvation energies of 5-hydroxyisoquinolinium and isoquinolinium salts were studied by quantum-chemistry calculations employing B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) method and an implicit water-solvent simulation model (SCRF). Despite the positive mesomeric effect of the hydroxyl moiety reducing the electron density of the quaternary nitrogen, it is probably the higher lipophilicity and lower desolvation energy of isoquinolinium salts, which is responsible for enhanced antimicrobial versatility and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ondrej Soukup
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Trebesska 1575, 500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
| | - Rafael Dolezal
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; Center for Basic and Applied Research, Faculty of Informatics and Management, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanskeho 62, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - David Malinak
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; Department of Cybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. Listopadu 15, 708 33 Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Marek
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Trebesska 1575, 500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; Department of Surgical Studies, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, Syllabova 19, 700 30 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Sarka Salajkova
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Trebesska 1575, 500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Marketa Pasdiorova
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Trebesska 1575, 500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Honegr
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Korabecny
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Trebesska 1575, 500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Nachtigal
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University in Prague, Heyrovskeho 1203, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Florian Nachon
- Departement de Toxicologie et Risque Chimique, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, BP73, F-91223 Brétigny-sur-Orge, France
| | - Daniel Jun
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Trebesska 1575, 500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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Bernegossi J, Calixto GMF, Sanches PRDS, Fontana CR, Cilli EM, Garrido SS, Chorilli M. Peptide KSL-W-Loaded Mucoadhesive Liquid Crystalline Vehicle as an Alternative Treatment for Multispecies Oral Biofilm. Molecules 2015; 21:E37. [PMID: 26712726 PMCID: PMC6273598 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21010037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Revised: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Decapeptide KSL-W shows antibacterial activities and can be used in the oral cavity, however, it is easily degraded in aqueous solution and eliminated. Therefore, we aimed to develop liquid crystalline systems (F1 and F2) for KSL-W buccal administration to treat multispecies oral biofilms. The systems were prepared with oleic acid, polyoxypropylene (5) polyoxyethylene (20) cetyl alcohol (PPG-5-CETETH-20), and a 1% poloxamer 407 dispersion as the oil phase (OP), surfactant (S), and aqueous phase (AP), respectively. We characterized them using polarized light microscopy (PLM), small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), rheology, and in vitro bioadhesion, and performed in vitro biological analysis. PLM showed isotropy (F1) or anisotropy with lamellar mesophases (F2), confirmed by peak ratio quantification using SAXS. Rheological tests demonstrated that F1 exhibited Newtonian behavior but not F2, which showed a structured AP concentration-dependent system. Bioadhesion studies revealed an AP concentration-dependent increase in the system’s bioadhesiveness (F2 = 15.50 ± 1.00 mN·s) to bovine teeth blocks. Antimicrobial testing revealed 100% inhibition of multispecies oral biofilm growth after KSL-W administration, which was incorporated in the F2 aqueous phase at a concentration of 1 mg/mL. Our results suggest that this system could serve as a potential vehicle for buccal administration of antibiofilm peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica Bernegossi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sao Paulo State University, UNESP, Rodovia Araraquara-Jaú Km 01, Araraquara, SP 14800-850, Brazil.
| | - Giovana Maria Fioramonti Calixto
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sao Paulo State University, UNESP, Rodovia Araraquara-Jaú Km 01, Araraquara, SP 14800-850, Brazil.
| | | | - Carla Raquel Fontana
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sao Paulo State University, UNESP, Rodovia Araraquara-Jaú Km 01, Araraquara, SP 14800-850, Brazil.
| | - Eduardo Maffud Cilli
- Chemistry Institute, Sao Paulo State University, UNESP, Campus Araraquara, Araraquara, SP 14800-900, Brazil.
| | - Saulo Santesso Garrido
- Chemistry Institute, Sao Paulo State University, UNESP, Campus Araraquara, Araraquara, SP 14800-900, Brazil.
| | - Marlus Chorilli
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sao Paulo State University, UNESP, Rodovia Araraquara-Jaú Km 01, Araraquara, SP 14800-850, Brazil.
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17
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Huang GQ, Xiao JX, Jia L, Yang J. Characterization of O-Carboxymethyl Chitosan – Gum Arabic Coacervates as a Function of Degree of Substitution. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2015.1101609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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18
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Ercan N, Erdemir EO, Ozkan SY, Hendek MK. The comparative effect of propolis in two different vehicles; mouthwash and chewing-gum on plaque accumulation and gingival inflammation. Eur J Dent 2015; 9:272-276. [PMID: 26038663 PMCID: PMC4439859 DOI: 10.4103/1305-7456.156851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: In general, chemical plaque agents have been used in mouthwashes, gels, and dentifrices. In some situations, application of mouthwashes and dentifrices can be difficult. Therefore, different approaches for oral health-care have been needed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of propolis chewing-gum compared to propolis-containing mouthwash on gingival inflammation and plaque accumulation on patients that refrained from daily oral hygiene procedures for 5 days. Materials and Methods: 10 college students with systemically healthy and very good oral hygiene and gingival health were included in this randomized, single-blind, crossover 5-day plaque regrowth with a 3-day washout period clinical study. After plaque scores were reduced to zero, participants were asked to refrain from oral hygiene procedures and allocated to either propolis mouthwash or chewing-gum group. Chewing-gum was performed after meals 3 times a day for 20 min mouthwash group was instructed to rinse mouthwash 2 times a day for 1 min. On day 5, the clinical periodontal measurements containing plaque and gingival indexes were taken from the participants. Results: The both plaque and gingival indexes of propolis mouthwash group were significantly lower than that of the propolis chewing-gum group (P = 0.005). Conclusion: It was demonstrated that the propolis mouthwash was more effective than the propolis chewing gum on the plaque inhibition and the gingival inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuray Ercan
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Kirikkale University, Merkez, Kirikkale, Turkiye
| | - Ebru Olgun Erdemir
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Kirikkale University, Merkez, Kirikkale, Turkiye
| | - Serdar Yucel Ozkan
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Kirikkale University, Merkez, Kirikkale, Turkiye
| | - Meltem Karsiyaka Hendek
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Kirikkale University, Merkez, Kirikkale, Turkiye
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19
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Synthesis and disinfection effect of the pyridine-4-aldoxime based salts. Molecules 2015; 20:3681-96. [PMID: 25719739 PMCID: PMC6272478 DOI: 10.3390/molecules20033681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2015] [Revised: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A set of new quaternary ammonium compounds based on pyridine-4-aldoxime was synthesized, characterized with analytical data (NMR, EA, HPLC, MS) and tested for in vitro antimicrobial activity (antibacterial, antifungal) and cytotoxicity. Quaternary pyridinium-4-aldoxime salts with length of alkyl side chain from C8 to C20 and belonging to the group of cationic surfactants were investigated in this work. An HPLC experimental protocol for characterization of mixtures of all homologues has been found. Antimicrobial evaluation found that yeast-type fungi were most sensitive towards C14 and C16 analogues, whereas the C16 analogue was completely ineffective against filamentous fungi. Antibacterial assessment showed versatility of C14 and relatively high efficacy of C16 against G+ strains and C14 against G− strains. Notably, none of the studied compounds exceeded the efficacy and versatility of the benzalkonium C12 analogue, and benzalkonium analogues also exhibited lower cytotoxicity in the cell viability assay.
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20
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Yi L, Wei F, Lina W, Guangyan D, Hongkun W. [Antibacterial activity of synthetic antimicrobial decapeptide against oral bacteria]. HUA XI KOU QIANG YI XUE ZA ZHI = HUAXI KOUQIANG YIXUE ZAZHI = WEST CHINA JOURNAL OF STOMATOLOGY 2014; 32:601-605. [PMID: 25665430 PMCID: PMC7030713 DOI: 10.7518/hxkq.2014.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2013] [Revised: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of decapeptide, a novel antimicrobial peptide, against several major cariogenic and periodontopathogenic bacteria in vitro. METHODS In this study, we investigated the antimicrobial activity of decapeptide against Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans), Streptococcus sobrinus, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Streptococcus sanguis, Streptococcus gordonii, Actinomyces viscosus, Actinomyces naeslundii, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, and Saccharomyces albicans in vitro using the agar diffusion method and broth dilution method. Furthermore, a time-kill kinetic study of decapeptide against S. mutans was performed. RESULTS The results showed that decapeptide exhibited antimicrobial activity against various oral bacteria and fungi. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of main cariogenic bacteria ranged from 62.5 μg · mL(-1) to 125 μg · mL(-1), and the MIC of periodontopathogenic bacteria tested ranged from 250 μg · mL(-1) to 1,000 μg · mL(-1). Among the bacteria tested, decapeptide had a strong inhibitory effect on cariogenic S. mutans. Results of the time-kill kinetic studies showed that decapeptide reduced the viable counts of S. mutans by more than one order of magnitude after 20 min of incubation, and thoroughly killed S. mutans after 30 min. No viable cells could be detected after 24 h of incubation. CONCLUSION This study suggest that decapeptide might have potential clinical application in treating dental caries by killing S. mutans within dental plaque.
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21
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Malinak D, Dolezal R, Marek J, Salajkova S, Soukup O, Vejsova M, Korabecny J, Honegr J, Penhaker M, Musilek K, Kuca K. 6-Hydroxyquinolinium salts differing in the length of alkyl side-chain: Synthesis and antimicrobial activity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:5238-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.09.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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22
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Huang GQ, Xiao JX, Jia L, Yang J. Complex Coacervation of O-Carboxymethylated Chitosan and Gum Arabic. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2014.936591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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23
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Carmona-Ribeiro AM, de Melo Carrasco LD. Novel formulations for antimicrobial peptides. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:18040-83. [PMID: 25302615 PMCID: PMC4227203 DOI: 10.3390/ijms151018040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Revised: 08/30/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptides in general hold much promise as a major ingredient in novel supramolecular assemblies. They may become essential in vaccine design, antimicrobial chemotherapy, cancer immunotherapy, food preservation, organs transplants, design of novel materials for dentistry, formulations against diabetes and other important strategical applications. This review discusses how novel formulations may improve the therapeutic index of antimicrobial peptides by protecting their activity and improving their bioavailability. The diversity of novel formulations using lipids, liposomes, nanoparticles, polymers, micelles, etc., within the limits of nanotechnology may also provide novel applications going beyond antimicrobial chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Maria Carmona-Ribeiro
- Biocolloids Laboratory, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Lineu Prestes 748, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Letícia Dias de Melo Carrasco
- Biocolloids Laboratory, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Lineu Prestes 748, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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24
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Release of a wound-healing agent from PLGA microspheres in a thermosensitive gel. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:387863. [PMID: 24224161 PMCID: PMC3808721 DOI: 10.1155/2013/387863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Revised: 08/15/2013] [Accepted: 08/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this research was to develop a topical microsphere delivery system in a thermosensitive 20% poloxamer 407 gel (Pluronic F127) to control release of KSL-W, a cationic antimicrobial decapeptide, for a period of 4-7 days for potential application in combat related injuries. KSL-W loaded microsphere formulations were prepared by a solvent extraction-evaporation method (water-oil-water), with poly (D,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) (50 : 50, low-weight, and hydrophilic end) as the polymeric system. After optimization of the process, three formulations (A, B, and C) were prepared with different organic to water ratio of the primary emulsion while maintaining other components and manufacturing parameters constant. Formulations were characterized for surface morphology, porous nature, drug loading, in vitro drug release, and antimicrobial activity. Microspheres containing 20% peptide with porous surfaces and internal structure were prepared in satisfactory yields and in sizes varying from 25 to 50 μm. Gels of 20% Pluronic F127, which were liquid at or below 24.6°C and formed transparent films at body temperature, were used as carriers for the microspheres. Rheological studies showed a gelation temperature of 24.6°C for the 20% Pluronic F127 gel alone. Gelation temperature and viscosity of formulations A, B, and C as a function of temperature were very close to those of the carrier. A Franz diffusion cell system was used to study the release of peptide from the microspheres suspended in both, phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and a 20% Pluronic F127 gel. In vitro release of greater than 50% peptide was found in all formulations in both PBS and the gel, and in one formulation there was a release of 75% in both PBS and the gel. Fractions collected from the release process were also tested for bactericidal activity against Staphylococcus epidermidis using the broth microdilution method and found to provide effective antimicrobial activity to warrant consideration and testing in animal wound models for treating combat-related injuries.
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25
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Conti B, Colzani B, Papetti A, Mascherpa D, Dorati R, Genta I, Pruzzo C, Signoretto C, Zaura E, Lingström P, Ofek I, Wilson M, Spratt DA, Gazzani G. Adhesive microbeads for the targeting delivery of anticaries agents of vegetable origin. Food Chem 2013; 138:898-904. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.11.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Revised: 11/16/2012] [Accepted: 11/22/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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26
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Niece KL, Vaughan AD, Devore DI. Graft copolymer polyelectrolyte complexes for delivery of cationic antimicrobial peptides. J Biomed Mater Res A 2013; 101:2548-58. [PMID: 23364909 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.34555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2012] [Revised: 12/03/2012] [Accepted: 12/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Peptides have enormous potential as therapeutic agents for the treatment of infection, in immunomodulation and for other medical applications, but their hydrolytic degradation in biological fluids is a serious limitation to their in vivo performance. Here we demonstrate the potential utility of polyelectrolyte nanoparticle complexes of novel self-assembling anionic graft copolymers for protecting peptides from degradation in human plasma. The anionic graft copolymers are synthesized by covalently attaching pendent polyetheramine chains to poly(alkylacrylic acid) backbones by carbodiimide coupling. The peptide:copolymer nanocomplexes' particle size, zeta-potential, peptide binding, and controlled release of the peptide are shown to be dependent upon the pendent chain graft density, polymer backbone alkyl groups (propyl vs. methyl), and the nanocomplexes' electrostatic charge ratio. The nanocomplexes can provide substantial protection to the bound peptides from degradation in human plasma for at least 24 h and, in standard microbiological assays are shown to retain some or all of the peptide's antimicrobial activity against a clinically relevant strain of Staphylococcus aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krista L Niece
- U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research, 3698 Chambers Pass, Fort Sam Houston, Texas 78234, USA
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27
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Preparation of quinolinium salts differing in the length of the alkyl side chain. Molecules 2012; 17:6386-94. [PMID: 22634846 PMCID: PMC6268559 DOI: 10.3390/molecules17066386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2012] [Revised: 05/16/2012] [Accepted: 05/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Quaternary quinolinium salts differing in alkyl chain length are members of a widespread group of cationic surfactants. These compounds have numerous applications in various branches of industry and research. In this work, the preparation of quinoline-derived cationic surface active agents differing in the length of the side alkyl chains (from C₈ to C₂₀) is described. An HPLC method was successfully developed for distinction of all members of the series of prepared long-chain quinolinium derivatives. In conclusion, some possibilities of intended tests or usage have been summarized. In vitro testing using a microdilution broth method showed good activity of a substance with a C12 chain length against Gram-positive cocci and Candida species.
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28
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Liu Y, Wang L, Zhou X, Hu S, Zhang S, Wu H. Effect of the antimicrobial decapeptide KSL on the growth of oral pathogens and Streptococcus mutans biofilm. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2011; 37:33-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2010.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2010] [Revised: 08/11/2010] [Accepted: 08/23/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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29
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Chaudhary SA, Shahiwala AF. Medicated chewing gum – a potential drug delivery system. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2010; 7:871-85. [DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2010.493554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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30
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Marek J, Stodulka P, Cabal J, Soukup O, Pohanka M, Korabecny J, Musilek K, Kuca K. Preparation of the pyridinium salts differing in the length of the N-alkyl substituent. Molecules 2010; 15:1967-72. [PMID: 20336025 PMCID: PMC6257284 DOI: 10.3390/molecules15031967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2009] [Revised: 03/04/2010] [Accepted: 03/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Quaternary pyridinium salts with chains ranging from C8 to C20 belong in the large group of cationic surfactants. In this paper, the preparation of such cationic surface active agents based on the pyridinium moiety and differing in the length of the N-alkyl chain is described. Additionally, HPLC technique was established to distinguish each prepared pyridinium analogue. This study represents universal method for preparation and identification of quaternary pyridinium detergents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Marek
- Faculty of Military Health Science, University of Defence, Hradec Kralove, 50001, Czech Republic
- Vakos XT, Prague, 18600, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Stodulka
- Faculty of Military Health Science, University of Defence, Hradec Kralove, 50001, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Cabal
- Faculty of Military Health Science, University of Defence, Hradec Kralove, 50001, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Soukup
- Faculty of Military Health Science, University of Defence, Hradec Kralove, 50001, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Pohanka
- Faculty of Military Health Science, University of Defence, Hradec Kralove, 50001, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Korabecny
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Hradec Kralove 50001, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Musilek
- Faculty of Military Health Science, University of Defence, Hradec Kralove, 50001, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Faculty of Military Health Science, University of Defence, Hradec Kralove, 50001, Czech Republic
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: .
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Abstract
Host defense peptides (HDPs) are relatively small, mostly cationic, amphipathic, and of variable length, sequence, and structure. The majority of these peptides exhibit broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity and often activity against viruses and some cancer cell lines. In addition, HDPs also provide a range of immunomodulatory activities related to innate immunity defense, inflammation, and wound healing. The development of these multi-faceted molecules and their bioactivities into clinically important therapeutics is being pursued using a number of different approaches. Here we review the role of HDPs in nature and application of this role to the development of novel therapeutics.
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32
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Hu D, Li X, Sreenivasan PK, DeVizio W. A randomized, double-blind clinical study to assess the antimicrobial effects of a cetylpyridinium chloride mouth rinse on dental plaque bacteria. Clin Ther 2009; 31:2540-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2009.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/07/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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