1
|
Zhou W, Wang Y, Wang X, Gao P, Lin C. The Economic Value of Water Ecology in Sponge City Construction Based on a Ternary Interactive System. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:15844. [PMID: 36497922 PMCID: PMC9737021 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192315844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Ecological water resources occupy a vital position in the national economy; without sufficient ecological water resources, the construction and economic development of sponge cities would be seriously restricted. Appropriately, the Chinese government proposed that sponge city planning should be carried out in accordance with the number of available ecological water resources. The government therefore put forward the method of conservation and intensification to solve the problem of water shortage. This paper highlights the interactions between ecological water resources, sponge cities, and economic development in northern China, starting with the interaction and mechanism of action that concerns ecological water resource utilization, sponge cities, and economic development. In the empirical test, the dynamic changes of the three indicators were analyzed empirically using the panel data vector autoregression method, and the dynamic relationship of each factor was measured using generalized moment estimation. It was found that ecological water resources are a key factor in promoting regional economic development, and the relationship between ecological water resources and sponge cities is both supportive and constraining; therefore, the constraints that ecological water resources place on sponge cities also indirectly affects economic development. To disconnect the use of water and ecological resources from economic development, it is necessary to note the following: the feedback effect of economic development and the resolution of the contradiction between sponge cities, water, and ecological resource use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhao Zhou
- School of Management, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China
- Dalian Branch, China Development Bank, Dalian 116001, China
| | - Yufei Wang
- Economic Information Center of Jilin Province, Changchun 130061, China
| | - Xi Wang
- Economic Research Institute of Jilin Academy of Social Sciences, Changchun 130032, China
| | - Peng Gao
- Qingdao Transportation Public Service Center, Qingdao Municipal Transport Bureau, Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Ciyun Lin
- School of Transportation, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Effect of USP induction ports and modified glass sampling apparatus on aerosolization performance of lactose carrier-based fluticasone propionate dry powder inhaler. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.101794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
3
|
Peng T, Lin S, Niu B, Wang X, Huang Y, Zhang X, Li G, Pan X, Wu C. Influence of physical properties of carrier on the performance of dry powder inhalers. Acta Pharm Sin B 2016; 6:308-18. [PMID: 27471671 PMCID: PMC4951591 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2016.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Revised: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Dry powder inhalers (DPIs) offer distinct advantages as a means of pulmonary drug delivery and have attracted much attention in the field of pharmaceutical science. DPIs commonly contain micronized drug particles which, because of their cohesiveness and strong propensity to aggregate, have poor aerosolization performance. Thus carriers with a larger particle size are added to address this problem. However, the performance of DPIs is profoundly influenced by the physical properties of the carrier, particularly their particle size, morphology/shape and surface roughness. Because these factors are interdependent, it is difficult to completely understand how they individually influence DPI performance. The purpose of this review is to summarize and illuminate how these factors affect drug–carrier interaction and influence the performance of DPIs.
Collapse
Key Words
- API, active pharmaceutical ingredient
- CLF, coarse lactose fines
- Carrier
- DPI, dry powder inhaler
- Dry powder inhaler
- ED, emission dose
- ER, elongation ratio
- FLF, fine lactose fines
- FPF, fine particle fraction
- FR, flatness ratio
- Fshape, shape factor
- Fsurface, surface factor
- MFV, minimum fluidization velocity
- Morphology
- PDD, pulmonary drug delivery
- Particle size
- Performance
- RO, roundness
- Surface roughness
- dae, aerodynamic diameter
- pMDI, pressurized metered-dose inhaler
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Peng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Shiqi Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Boyi Niu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xinyi Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ying Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xuejuan Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ge Li
- Guangzhou Neworld Pharm. Co. Ltd., Guangzhou 51006, China
| | - Xin Pan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Corresponding authors at: School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China. Tel.: +86 20 39943427/+86 20 39943117; fax: +86 20 39943115.School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhou510006China
| | - Chuanbin Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong Research Center for Drug Delivery Systems, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Corresponding authors at: School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China. Tel.: +86 20 39943427/+86 20 39943117; fax: +86 20 39943115.School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhou510006China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Weiss C, McLoughlin P, Cathcart H. Characterisation of dry powder inhaler formulations using atomic force microscopy. Int J Pharm 2015; 494:393-407. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.08.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2015] [Revised: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
5
|
Hassoun M, Ho S, Muddle J, Buttini F, Parry M, Hammond M, Forbes B. Formulating powder-device combinations for salmeterol xinafoate dry powder inhalers. Int J Pharm 2015; 490:360-7. [PMID: 25987210 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Revised: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Using salmeterol xinafoate (SX) as an active pharmaceutical ingredient, the effects of carrier lactose particle type, total lactose fines content and device resistance on dry powder inhaler performance were investigated in vitro. To mimic drug levels in commercial preparations, interactive mixtures containing 0.58% w/w SX were prepared by low shear tumble mixing. Three types of milled inhalation grade lactose were used (Lactohale(®) LH 200, Respitose(®) ML006 and ML001) and the concentration of fine lactose (Lactohale(®) 300) added was varied. The in vitro deposition of each mixture was studied using a next generation impactor and inhaler devices exhibiting different resistances, Rotahaler(®)<Aerolizer(®)<Handihaler(®). Aerosol performance was evaluated based on the emitted dose (ED), mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) ± geometric standard deviation (GSD) and fine particle fraction (FPF). Increases of up to eight-fold in FPF were observed with increasing intrinsic fine lactose content. The addition of extra fine lactose increased the FPF further, although the effect diminished as more fines were added. The Aerolizer produced the best aerosol performance with any given powder blend, although suitable formulations were identified for each device as defined by the a priori success criteria: >80% ED and MMAD ± GSD between 1-5 μm. The results confirmed the factors under investigation to be important determinants of product performance, but demonstrated using realistic conditions how individual factor impact may be enhanced or mitigated by inter-dependency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mireille Hassoun
- Department of Pharmacy, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Shirlene Ho
- Department of Pharmacy, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Joanna Muddle
- Department of Pharmacy, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Francesca Buttini
- Department of Pharmacy, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK; Department of Pharmacy, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/a, Parma 43124, Italy
| | - Mark Parry
- Intertek-Melbourn Scientific Limited, Saxon Way, Melbourn SG8 6DN, UK
| | - Mark Hammond
- Intertek-Melbourn Scientific Limited, Saxon Way, Melbourn SG8 6DN, UK
| | - Ben Forbes
- Department of Pharmacy, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Rattanupatam T, Srichana T. Budesonide dry powder for inhalation: effects of leucine and mannitol on the efficiency of delivery. Drug Deliv 2014; 21:397-405. [DOI: 10.3109/10717544.2013.868555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
7
|
Xu Z, Mansour HM, Mulder T, McLean R, Langridge J, Hickey AJ. Dry powder aerosols generated by standardized entrainment tubes from drug blends with lactose monohydrate: 2. Ipratropium bromide monohydrate and fluticasone propionate. J Pharm Sci 2010; 99:3415-29. [PMID: 20222025 DOI: 10.1002/jps.22100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were: systematic investigation of dry powder aerosol performance using standardized entrainment tubes (SETs) and lactose-based formulations with two model drugs; mechanistic evaluation of performance data by powder aerosol deaggregation equation (PADE). The drugs (IPB and FP) were prepared in sieved and milled lactose carriers (2% w/w). Aerosol studies were performed using SETs (shear stresses tau(s) = 0.624-13.143 N/m(2)) by twin-stage liquid impinger, operated at 60 L/min. PADE was applied for formulation screening. Excellent correlation was observed when PADE was adopted correlating FPF to tau(s). Higher tau(s) corresponded to higher FPF values followed by a plateau representing invariance of FPF with increasing tau(s). The R(2) values for PADE linear regression were 0.9905-0.9999. Performance described in terms of the maximum FPF (FPF(max): 15.0-37.6%) resulted in a rank order of ML-B/IPB > ML-A/IPB > SV-A/IPB > SV-B/IPB > ML-B/FP > ML-A/FP > SV-B/FP > SV-A/FP. The performance of IPB was superior to FP in all formulations. The difference in lactose monohydrate carriers was less pronounced for the FPF in IPB than in FP formulations. The novel PADE offers a robust method for evaluating aerodynamic performance of dry powder formulations within a defined tau(s) range.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Xu
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7360, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Influence of carrier particle size, carrier ratio and addition of fine ternary particles on the dry powder inhalation performance of insulin-loaded PLGA microcapsules. POWDER TECHNOL 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2010.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|