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Golonko A, Olichwier AJ, Szklaruk A, Paszko A, Świsłocka R, Szczerbiński Ł, Lewandowski W. Apigenin's Modulation of Doxorubicin Efficacy in Breast Cancer. Molecules 2024; 29:2603. [PMID: 38893482 PMCID: PMC11174085 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29112603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Apigenin, a naturally derived flavonoid, is increasingly being acknowledged for its potential therapeutic applications, especially in oncology. This research explores apigenin's capacity to modulate cancer cell viability, emphasizing its roles beyond its minimal antioxidant activity attributed to its basic molecular structure devoid of hydroxyl groups. We investigated apigenin's effects on two breast cancer cell lines, estrogen-dependent MCF-7 and non-estrogen-dependent MDA-MB-231 cells. Our findings reveal that apigenin exerts a dose-dependent cytotoxic and anti-migratory impact on these cells. Interestingly, both apigenin and doxorubicin-a standard chemotherapeutic agent-induced lipid droplet accumulation in a dose-dependent manner in MDA-MB-231 cells. This phenomenon was absent in MCF-7 cells and not evident when doxorubicin and apigenin were used concurrently, suggesting distinct cellular responses to these treatments that imply that their synergistic effects might be mediated through mechanisms unrelated to lipid metabolism. A further chemoinformatics analysis indicated that apigenin and doxorubicin might interact primarily at the level of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter proteins, with potential indirect influences from the AKT and MYC signaling pathways. These results highlight the importance of understanding the nuanced interactions between apigenin and conventional chemotherapeutic drugs, as they could lead to more effective strategies for cancer treatment. This study underscores apigenin's potential as a modulator of cancer cell dynamics through mechanisms independent of its direct antioxidant effects, thereby contributing to the development of flavonoid-based adjunct therapies in cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Golonko
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Adam Jan Olichwier
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Agata Szklaruk
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Adam Paszko
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Renata Świsłocka
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, Bialystok University of Technology, 15-351 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Łukasz Szczerbiński
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Włodzimierz Lewandowski
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, Bialystok University of Technology, 15-351 Bialystok, Poland
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2
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Damiani D, Tiribelli M. ATP-Binding Cassette Subfamily G Member 2 in Acute Myeloid Leukemia: A New Molecular Target? Biomedicines 2024; 12:111. [PMID: 38255216 PMCID: PMC10813371 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12010111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite the progress in the knowledge of disease pathogenesis and the identification of many molecular markers as potential targets of new therapies, the cure of acute myeloid leukemia remains challenging. Disease recurrence after an initial response and the development of resistance to old and new therapies account for the poor survival rate and still make allogeneic stem cell transplantation the only curative option. Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a multifactorial phenomenon resulting from host-related characteristics and leukemia factors. Among these, the overexpression of membrane drug transporter proteins belonging to the ABC (ATP-Binding Cassette)-protein superfamily, which diverts drugs from their cellular targets, plays an important role. Moreover, a better understanding of leukemia biology has highlighted that, at least in cancer, ABC protein's role goes beyond simple drug transport and affects many other cell functions. In this paper, we summarized the current knowledge of ABCG2 (formerly Breast Cancer Resistance Protein, BCRP) in acute myeloid leukemia and discuss the potential ways to overcome its efflux function and to revert its ability to confer stemness to leukemia cells, favoring the persistence of leukemia progenitors in the bone marrow niche and justifying relapse also after therapy intensification with allogeneic stem cell transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Damiani
- Division of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Udine Hospital, 33100 Udine, Italy;
- Department of Medicine, Udine University, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Mario Tiribelli
- Division of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Udine Hospital, 33100 Udine, Italy;
- Department of Medicine, Udine University, 33100 Udine, Italy
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3
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Yang J, Jia L, He Z, Wang Y. Recent advances in SN-38 drug delivery system. Int J Pharm 2023; 637:122886. [PMID: 36966982 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.122886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
DNA topoisomerase I plays a key role in lubricatingthe wheels of DNA replication or RNA transcription through breaking and reconnecting DNA single-strand. It is widely known that camptothecin and its derivatives (CPTs) have inhibitory effects on topoisomerases I, and have obtained some clinical benefits in cancer treatment. The potent cytotoxicity makes 7-ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin (SN-38) become a brilliant star among these derivatives. However, some undesirable physical and chemical properties of this compound, including poor solubility and stability, seriously hinder its effective delivery to tumor sites. In recent years, strategies to alleviate these defects have aroused extensive research interest. By focusing on the loading mechanism, basic nanodrug delivery systems with SN-38 loaded, like nanoparticles, liposomes and micelles, are demonstrated here. Additionally, functionalized nanodrug delivery systems of SN-38 including prodrug and active targeted nanodrug delivery systems and delivery systems designed to overcome drug resistance are also reviewed. At last, challenges for future research in formulation development and clinical translation of SN-38 drug delivery system are discussed.
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Ibrahim MAA, Abdelrahman AHM, Badr EAA, Almansour NM, Alzahrani OR, Ahmed MN, Soliman MES, Naeem MA, Shawky AM, Sidhom PA, Mekhemer GAH, Atia MAM. Naturally occurring plant-based anticancerous candidates as prospective ABCG2 inhibitors: an in silico drug discovery study. Mol Divers 2022; 26:3255-3277. [PMID: 35224675 PMCID: PMC9636125 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-022-10389-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
ATP-binding cassette transporter G2 (ABCG2) is an efflux transporter related to the clinical multidrug resistance (MDR) phenomenon. Identifying ABCG2 inhibitors could help discover extraordinary curative strategies for carcinoma remediation. Hitherto, there is no medication drug inhibiting ABCG2 transporter, notwithstanding that a considerable number of drugs have been submitted to clinical-trial and investigational phases. In the search for unprecedented chemical compounds that could inhibit the ABCG2 transporter, an in silico screening was conducted on the Naturally Occurring Plant-based Anticancer Compound-Activity-Target (NPACT) database containing 1574 compounds. Inhibitor-ABCG2 binding affinities were estimated based on molecular docking and molecular minimization (MM) calculations and compared to a co-crystallized inhibitor (BWQ) acting as a reference inhibitor. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations pursued by molecular mechanics-generalized Born surface area (MM-GBSA) binding energy estimations were further executed for compounds with MM-GBSA//MM binding energies lower than BWQ (calc. - 60.5 kcal/mol). NPACT00968 and NPACT01545 demonstrated auspicious inhibitory activities according to binding affinities (ΔGbinding) over the 100 ns MD simulations that were nearly one and a half folds compared to BWQ (- 100.4, - 94.7, and - 62.9 kcal/mol, respectively). Throughout the 100 ns MD simulations, structural and energetical analyses unveiled outstanding stability of the ABCG2 transporter when bound with NPACT00968 and NPACT01545. In silico calculations hold a promise for those two inhibitors as drug candidates of ABCG2 transporter and emphasize that further in vitro and in vivo experiments are guaranteed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud A. A. Ibrahim
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia, 61519 Egypt
| | - Alaa H. M. Abdelrahman
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia, 61519 Egypt
| | - Esraa A. A. Badr
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia, 61519 Egypt
| | - Nahlah Makki Almansour
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hafr Al Batin, Hafr Al Batin, 1803 Saudi Arabia
| | - Othman R. Alzahrani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, 71491 Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Naeem Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad, 13100 Pakistan
| | - Mahmoud E. S. Soliman
- Molecular Modelling and Drug Design Research Group, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville, 4000 Durban South Africa
| | - Mohamed Ahmed Naeem
- Ain Shams University Specialized Hospital, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M. Shawky
- Science and Technology Unit (STU), Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, 21955 Saudi Arabia
| | - Peter A. Sidhom
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527 Egypt
| | - Gamal A. H. Mekhemer
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia, 61519 Egypt
| | - Mohamed A. M. Atia
- Molecular Genetics and Genome Mapping Laboratory, Genome Mapping Department, Agricultural Genetic Engineering Research Institute (AGERI), Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza, 12619 Egypt
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5
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Yang M, Xu X. Important roles of transporters in the pharmacokinetics of anti-viral nucleoside/nucleotide analogs. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2022; 18:483-505. [PMID: 35975669 PMCID: PMC9506706 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2022.2112175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nucleoside analogs are an important class of antiviral agents. Due to the high hydrophilicity and limited membrane permeability of antiviral nucleoside/nucleotide analogs (AVNAs), transporters play critical roles in AVNA pharmacokinetics. Understanding the properties of these transporters is important to accelerate translational research for AVNAs. AREAS COVERED The roles of key transporters in the pharmacokinetics of 25 approved AVNAs were reviewed. Clinically relevant information that can be explained by the modulation of transporter functions is also highlighted. EXPERT OPINION Although the roles of transporters in the intestinal absorption and renal excretion of AVNAs have been well identified, more research is warranted to understand their roles in the distribution of AVNAs, especially to immune privileged compartments where treatment of viral infection is challenging. P-gp, MRP4, BCRP, and nucleoside transporters have shown extensive impacts in the disposition of AVNAs. It is highly recommended that the role of transporters should be investigated during the development of novel AVNAs. Clinically, co-administered inhibitors and genetic polymorphism of transporters are the two most frequently reported factors altering AVNA pharmacokinetics. Physiopathology conditions also regulate transporter activities, while their effects on pharmacokinetics need further exploration. Pharmacokinetic models could be useful for elucidating these complicated factors in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengbi Yang
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Division of Preclinical Innovation (DPI), National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Xin Xu
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Division of Preclinical Innovation (DPI), National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
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6
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Targeting breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2): Functional inhibitors and expression modulators. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 237:114346. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Alferiev IS, Guerrero DT, Guan P, Nguyen F, Kolla V, Soberman D, Pressly BB, Fishbein I, Brodeur GM, Chorny M. Poloxamer-linked prodrug of a topoisomerase I inhibitor SN22 shows efficacy in models of high-risk neuroblastoma with primary and acquired chemoresistance. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22213. [PMID: 35192728 PMCID: PMC8910785 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202101830rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
High‐risk solid tumors continue to pose a tremendous therapeutic challenge due to multidrug resistance. Biological mechanisms driving chemoresistance in high‐risk primary and recurrent disease are distinct: in newly diagnosed patients, non‐response to therapy is often associated with a higher level of tumor “stemness” paralleled by overexpression of the ABCG2 drug efflux pump, whereas in tumors relapsing after non‐curative therapy, poor drug sensitivity is most commonly linked to the dysfunction of the tumor suppressor protein, p53. In this study, we used preclinical models of aggressive neuroblastoma featuring these characteristic mechanisms of primary and acquired drug resistance to experimentally evaluate a macromolecular prodrug of a structurally enhanced camptothecin analog, SN22, resisting ABCG2‐mediated export, and glucuronidation. Together with extended tumor exposure to therapeutically effective drug levels via reversible conjugation to Pluronic F‐108 (PF108), these features translated into rapid tumor regression and long‐term survival in models of both ABCG2‐overexpressing and p53‐mutant high‐risk neuroblastomas, in contrast to a marginal effect of the clinically used camptothecin derivative, irinotecan. Our results demonstrate that pharmacophore enhancement, increased tumor uptake, and optimally stable carrier‐drug association integrated into the design of the hydrolytically activatable PF108‐[SN22]2 have the potential to effectively combat multiple mechanisms governing chemoresistance in newly diagnosed (chemo‐naïve) and recurrent forms of aggressive malignancies. As a macromolecular carrier‐based delivery system exhibiting remarkable efficacy against two particularly challenging forms of high‐risk neuroblastoma, PF108‐[SN22]2 can pave the way to a robust and clinically viable therapeutic strategy urgently needed for patients with multidrug‐resistant disease presently lacking effective treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan S Alferiev
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania/Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - David T Guerrero
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania/Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Peng Guan
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania/Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ferro Nguyen
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania/Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Venkatadri Kolla
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania/Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Danielle Soberman
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania/Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Benjamin B Pressly
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania/Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ilia Fishbein
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania/Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Garrett M Brodeur
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania/Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Michael Chorny
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania/Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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8
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Alferiev IS, Guerrero DT, Soberman D, Guan P, Nguyen F, Kolla V, Fishbein I, Pressly BB, Brodeur GM, Chorny M. Nanocarrier-Based Delivery of SN22 as a Tocopheryl Oxamate Prodrug Achieves Rapid Tumor Regression and Extends Survival in High-Risk Neuroblastoma Models. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031752. [PMID: 35163672 PMCID: PMC8836113 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the use of intensive multimodality therapy, the majority of high-risk neuroblastoma (NB) patients do not survive. Without significant improvements in delivery strategies, anticancer agents used as a first-line treatment for high-risk tumors often fail to provide clinically meaningful results in the settings of disseminated, recurrent, or refractory disease. By enhancing pharmacological selectivity, favorably shifting biodistribution, strengthening tumor cell killing potency, and overcoming drug resistance, nanocarrier-mediated delivery of topoisomerase I inhibitors of the camptothecin family has the potential to dramatically improve treatment efficacy and minimize side effects. In this study, a structurally enhanced camptothecin analog, SN22, reversibly coupled with a redox-silent tocol derivative (tocopheryl oxamate) to allow its optimally stable encapsulation and controlled release from PEGylated sub-100 nm nanoparticles (NP), exhibited strong NB cell growth inhibitory activity, translating into rapid regression and durably suppressed regrowth of orthotopic, MYCN-amplified NB tumors. The robust antitumor effects and markedly extended survival achieved in preclinical models recapitulating different phases of high-risk disease (at diagnosis vs. at relapse with an acquired loss of p53 function after intensive multiagent chemotherapy) demonstrate remarkable potential of SN22 delivered in the form of a hydrolytically cleavable superhydrophobic prodrug encapsulated in biodegradable nanocarriers as an experimental strategy for treating refractory solid tumors in high-risk cancer patients.
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Nozhat Z, Heydarzadeh S, Memariani Z, Ahmadi A. Chemoprotective and chemosensitizing effects of apigenin on cancer therapy. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:574. [PMID: 34715860 PMCID: PMC8555304 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-02282-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Therapeutic resistance to radiation and chemotherapy is one of the major obstacles in cancer treatment. Although synthetic radiosensitizers are pragmatic solution to enhance tumor sensitivity, they pose concerns of toxicity and non-specificity. In the last decades, scientists scrutinized novel plant-derived radiosensitizers and chemosensitizers, such as flavones, owing to their substantial physiological effects like low toxicity and non-mutagenic properties on the human cells. The combination therapy with apigenin is potential candidate in cancer therapeutics. This review explicates the combinatorial strategies involving apigenin to overcome drug resistance and boost the anti-cancer properties. METHODS We selected full-text English papers on international databases like PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Scopus, and ScienceDirect from 1972 up to 2020. The keywords included in the search were: Apigenin, Chemoprotective, Chemosensitizing, Side Effects, and Molecular Mechanisms. RESULTS In this review, we focused on combination therapy, particularly with apigenin augmenting the anti-cancer effects of chemo drugs on tumor cells, reduce their side effects, subdue drug resistance, and protect healthy cells. The reviewed research data implies that these co-therapies exhibited a synergistic effect on various cancer cells, where apigenin sensitized the chemo drug through different pathways including a significant reduction in overexpressed genes, AKT phosphorylation, NFκB, inhibition of Nrf2, overexpression of caspases, up-regulation of p53 and MAPK, compared to the monotherapies. Meanwhile, contrary to the chemo drugs alone, combined treatments significantly induced apoptosis in the treated cells. CONCLUSION Briefly, our analysis proposed that the combination therapies with apigenin could suppress the unwanted toxicity of chemotherapeutic agents. It is believed that these expedient results may pave the path for the development of drugs with a high therapeutic index. Nevertheless, human clinical trials are a prerequisite to consider the potential use of apigenin in the prevention and treatment of various cancers. Conclusively, the clinical trials to comprehend the role of apigenin as a chemoprotective agent are still in infancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Nozhat
- Institute of Smart Biomedical Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018 China
- Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute of Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shabnam Heydarzadeh
- Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute of Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, Falavarjan Branch Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Zahra Memariani
- Traditional Medicine and History of Medical Sciences Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Ahmadi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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Structure-Based Discovery of ABCG2 Inhibitors: A Homology Protein-Based Pharmacophore Modeling and Molecular Docking Approach. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26113115. [PMID: 34071039 PMCID: PMC8197086 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
ABCG2 is an ABC membrane protein reverse transport pump, which removes toxic substances such as medicines out of cells. As a result, drug bioavailability is an unexpected change and negatively influences the ADMET (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity), leading to multi-drug resistance (MDR). Currently, in spite of promising studies, screening for ABCG2 inhibitors showed modest results. The aim of this study was to search for small molecules that could inhibit the ABCG2 pump. We first used the WISS MODEL automatic server to build up ABCG2 homology protein from 655 amino acids. Pharmacophore models, which were con-structed based on strong ABCG2 inhibitors (IC50 < 1 μM), consist of two hydrophobic (Hyd) groups, two hydrogen bonding acceptors (Acc2), and an aromatic or conjugated ring (Aro|PiR). Using molecular docking method, 714 substances from the DrugBank and 837 substances from the TCM with potential to inhibit the ABCG2 were obtained. These chemicals maybe favor synthesized or extracted and bioactivity testing.
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11
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Mehendale-Munj S, Sawant S. Breast Cancer Resistance Protein: A Potential Therapeutic Target for Cancer. Curr Drug Targets 2021; 22:420-428. [PMID: 33243119 DOI: 10.2174/1389450121999201125200132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Breast Cancer Resistance Protein (BCRP) is an efflux transporter responsible for causing multidrug resistance (MDR). It is known to expel many potent antineoplastic drugs, owing to its efflux function. Efflux of chemotherapeutics because of BCRP develops resistance to many drugs, leading to failure in cancer treatment. BCRP plays an important role in physiology by protecting the organism from xenobiotics and other toxins. It is a half-transporter affiliated to the ATP- binding cassette (ABC) superfamily of transporters, encoded by the gene ABCG2 and functions in response to adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Regulation of BCRP expression is critically controlled at molecular levels, which help in maintaining the balance of xenobiotics and nutrients inside the body. Expression of BCRP can be found in brain, liver, lung cancers and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Moreover, it is also expressed at high levels in stem cells and many cell lines. This frequent expression of BCRP has an impact on the treatment procedures and, if not scrutinized, may lead to the failure of many cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonali Mehendale-Munj
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vivekanand Education Society's College of Pharmacy, Hashu Advani Memorial Complex, Behind Collector's Colony, Chembur (E), Mumbai 400074, Affiliated to University of Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Shivangi Sawant
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vivekanand Education Society's College of Pharmacy, Hashu Advani Memorial Complex, Behind Collector's Colony, Chembur (E), Mumbai 400074, Affiliated to University of Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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12
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Deng F, Ghemtio L, Grazhdankin E, Wipf P, Xhaard H, Kidron H. Binding Site Interactions of Modulators of Breast Cancer Resistance Protein, Multidrug Resistance-Associated Protein 2, and P-Glycoprotein Activity. Mol Pharm 2020; 17:2398-2410. [PMID: 32496785 PMCID: PMC7497665 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c00155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
![]()
ATP-binding cassette (ABC)-transporters
protect tissues by pumping
their substrates out of the cells in many physiological barriers,
such as the blood–brain barrier, intestine, liver, and kidney.
These substrates include various endogenous metabolites, but, in addition,
ABC transporters recognize a wide range of compounds, therefore affecting
the disposition and elimination of clinically used drugs and their
metabolites. Although numerous ABC-transporter inhibitors are known,
the underlying mechanism of inhibition is not well characterized.
The aim of this study is to deepen our understanding of transporter
inhibition by studying the molecular basis of ligand recognition.
In the current work, we compared the effect of 44 compounds on the
active transport mediated by three ABC transporters: breast cancer
resistance protein (BCRP and ABCG2), multidrug-resistance associated
protein (MRP2 and ABCC2), and P-glycoprotein (P-gp and ABCB1). Eight
compounds were strong inhibitors of all three transporters, while
the activity of 36 compounds was transporter-specific. Of the tested
compounds, 39, 25, and 11 were considered as strong inhibitors, while
1, 4, and 11 compounds were inactive against BCRP, MRP2, and P-gp,
respectively. In addition, six transport-enhancing stimulators were
observed for P-gp. In order to understand the observed selectivity,
we compared the surface properties of binding cavities in the transporters
and performed structure–activity analysis and computational
docking of the compounds to known binding sites in the transmembrane
domains and nucleotide-binding domains. Based on the results, the
studied compounds are more likely to interact with the transmembrane
domain than the nucleotide-binding domain. Additionally, the surface
properties of the substrate binding site in the transmembrane domains
of the three transporters were in line with the observed selectivity.
Because of the high activity toward BCRP, we lacked the dynamic range
needed to draw conclusions on favorable interactions; however, we
identified amino acids in both P-gp and MRP2 that appear to be important
for ligand recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Deng
- Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Leo Ghemtio
- Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Evgeni Grazhdankin
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Peter Wipf
- Department of Chemistry, The Center for Chemical Methodologies and Library Development, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Henri Xhaard
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Heidi Kidron
- Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, Helsinki 00014, Finland
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13
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Jiang D, Lei T, Wang Z, Shen C, Cao D, Hou T. ADMET evaluation in drug discovery. 20. Prediction of breast cancer resistance protein inhibition through machine learning. J Cheminform 2020; 12:16. [PMID: 33430990 PMCID: PMC7059329 DOI: 10.1186/s13321-020-00421-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2), an ATP-binding cassette (ABC) efflux transporter, plays a critical role in multi-drug resistance (MDR) to anti-cancer drugs and drug–drug interactions. The prediction of BCRP inhibition can facilitate evaluating potential drug resistance and drug–drug interactions in early stage of drug discovery. Here we reported a structurally diverse dataset consisting of 1098 BCRP inhibitors and 1701 non-inhibitors. Analysis of various physicochemical properties illustrates that BCRP inhibitors are more hydrophobic and aromatic than non-inhibitors. We then developed a series of quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) models to discriminate between BCRP inhibitors and non-inhibitors. The optimal feature subset was determined by a wrapper feature selection method named rfSA (simulated annealing algorithm coupled with random forest), and the classification models were established by using seven machine learning approaches based on the optimal feature subset, including a deep learning method, two ensemble learning methods, and four classical machine learning methods. The statistical results demonstrated that three methods, including support vector machine (SVM), deep neural networks (DNN) and extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), outperformed the others, and the SVM classifier yielded the best predictions (MCC = 0.812 and AUC = 0.958 for the test set). Then, a perturbation-based model-agnostic method was used to interpret our models and analyze the representative features for different models. The application domain analysis demonstrated the prediction reliability of our models. Moreover, the important structural fragments related to BCRP inhibition were identified by the information gain (IG) method along with the frequency analysis. In conclusion, we believe that the classification models developed in this study can be regarded as simple and accurate tools to distinguish BCRP inhibitors from non-inhibitors in drug design and discovery pipelines.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Dejun Jiang
- Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Tailong Lei
- Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Shen
- Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongsheng Cao
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410004, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Tingjun Hou
- Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
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14
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Stanković T, Dinić J, Podolski-Renić A, Musso L, Burić SS, Dallavalle S, Pešić M. Dual Inhibitors as a New Challenge for Cancer Multidrug Resistance Treatment. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:6074-6106. [PMID: 29874992 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666180607094856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dual-targeting in cancer treatment by a single drug is an unconventional approach in relation to drug combinations. The rationale for the development of dualtargeting agents is to overcome incomplete efficacy and drug resistance frequently present when applying individual targeting agents. Consequently, -a more favorable outcome of cancer treatment is expected with dual-targeting strategies. METHODS We reviewed the literature, concentrating on the association between clinically relevant and/or novel dual inhibitors with the potential to modulate multidrug resistant phenotype of cancer cells, particularly the activity of P-glycoprotein. A balanced analysis of content was performed to emphasize the most important findings and optimize the structure of this review. RESULTS Two-hundred and forty-five papers were included in the review. The introductory part was interpreted by 9 papers. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors' role in the inhibition of Pglycoprotein and chemosensitization was illustrated by 87 papers. The contribution of naturalbased compounds in overcoming multidrug resistance was reviewed using 92 papers, while specific dual inhibitors acting against microtubule assembling and/or topoisomerases were described with 55 papers. Eleven papers gave an insight into a novel and less explored approach with hybrid drugs. Their influence on P-glycoprotein and multidrug resistance was also evaluated. CONCLUSION These findings bring into focus rational anticancer strategies with dual-targeting agents. Most evaluated synthetic and natural drugs showed a great potential in chemosensitization. Further steps in this direction are needed for the optimization of anticancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tijana Stanković
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Dinić
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ana Podolski-Renić
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Loana Musso
- DeFENS, Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Universita degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Sonja Stojković Burić
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sabrina Dallavalle
- DeFENS, Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Universita degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Milica Pešić
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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15
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Sawangrat K, Yamashita S, Tanaka A, Morishita M, Kusamori K, Katsumi H, Sakane T, Yamamoto A. Modulation of Intestinal Transport and Absorption of Topotecan, a BCRP Substrate, by Various Pharmaceutical Excipients and Their Inhibitory Mechanisms of BCRP Transporter. J Pharm Sci 2019; 108:1315-1325. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2018.10.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Yuyama KT, Fortkamp D, Abraham WR. Eremophilane-type sesquiterpenes from fungi and their medicinal potential. Biol Chem 2017; 399:13-28. [PMID: 28822220 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2017-0171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Eremophilanes are sesquiterpenes with a rearranged carbon skeleton formed both by plants and fungi, however, almost no plant eremophilanes are found in fungi. These eremophilanes possess mainly phytotoxic, antimicrobial, anticancer and immunomodulatory properties and in this review fungal eremophilanes with bioactivities of potential medicinal applications are reviewed and discussed. A special focus is set on natural products bearing highly functionalized fatty acids at C-1 or C-3 position of the eremophilane backbone. Many of these fatty acids seem to contribute to the bioactivity of the metabolites enhancing the activity of the sesquiterpene moieties. Several approaches for optimization of these natural products for clinical needs and testing of the resulting derivatives are presented and discussed. The combination of identification of bioactive natural products with their subsequent improvement using a variety of genetical or chemical tools and the pharmacokinetic assessment of the products is presented here as a promising approach to new drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Tomoko Yuyama
- Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Chemical Microbiology, Inhoffenstrasse 7, D-38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Diana Fortkamp
- Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Chemical Microbiology, Inhoffenstrasse 7, D-38124 Braunschweig, Germany.,Escola Superior de Agricultura 'Luiz de Queiroz' (ESALQ), Department of Exact Sciences, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Wolf-Rainer Abraham
- Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Chemical Microbiology, Inhoffenstrasse 7, D-38124 Braunschweig, Germany
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17
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Wang H, Luo F, Zhu Z, Xu Z, Huang X, Ma R, He H, Zhu Y, Shao K, Zhao J. ABCG2 is a potential prognostic marker of overall survival in patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:222. [PMID: 28347288 PMCID: PMC5368932 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3224-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background ATP-binding cassette sub-family G member 2 (ABCG2) is a semi-transport protein that plays a major role in multidrug resistance. We aimed to evaluate the prognostic significance of ABCG2 expression in patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Methods From 2008 to 2013, 120 patients with clear cell kidney cancer underwent surgery with paraffin-embedded specimens and necessary clinical information available. Immunohistochemistry staining was performed to grade the expression of ABCG2 as ABCG2(−): less than 10% of tumor cells stained; ABCG2(+): weak membrane staining; and ABCG2(++): moderate or strong membrane staining. The overall survival was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier method. Multivariable Cox regression evaluated the independent predictors for overall survival. Results ABCG2(−) was diagnosed in 57 (48%) patients, ABCG2(+) in 52 (43%) patients, and ABCG2 (++) in 11(9.2%) patients. ABCG2 expression significantly correlated with the five-year survival (p < 0.001) and distant metastasis (p = 0.001). In the multivariable analysis, besides Fuhrman grade, the ABCG2 expression was an independent prognostic marker for overall survival (p < 0.001) when incorporating other relevant tumor and clinical parameters (HR = 3.84, 95% CI: 1.92–7.70). Conclusion The current data suggests that ABCG2 may serve as a prognostic marker for overall survival in patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Further studies with large cohorts of patients will be essential for validating these findings and defining the clinical utility of ABCG2 in the patient population. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-017-3224-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haofei Wang
- Department of Urology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Building 6th, Floor 6th, 197# Ruijin 2nd road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Fangxiu Luo
- Ruijin North Hospital, Department of Pathology, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201801, China
| | - Zhe Zhu
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Zhaoping Xu
- Department of Urology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Building 6th, Floor 6th, 197# Ruijin 2nd road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Xin Huang
- Department of Urology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Building 6th, Floor 6th, 197# Ruijin 2nd road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Renyi Ma
- Ruijin North Hospital, Department of Pathology, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201801, China
| | - Hongchao He
- Department of Urology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Building 6th, Floor 6th, 197# Ruijin 2nd road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yu Zhu
- Department of Urology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Building 6th, Floor 6th, 197# Ruijin 2nd road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Kun Shao
- Department of Urology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Building 6th, Floor 6th, 197# Ruijin 2nd road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Juping Zhao
- Department of Urology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Building 6th, Floor 6th, 197# Ruijin 2nd road, Shanghai, 200025, China.
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Biophysical Approaches Facilitate Computational Drug Discovery for ATP-Binding Cassette Proteins. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2017; 2017:1529402. [PMID: 28409029 PMCID: PMC5376479 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1529402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Although membrane proteins represent most therapeutically relevant drug targets, the availability of atomic resolution structures for this class of proteins has been limited. Structural characterization has been hampered by the biophysical nature of these polytopic transporters, receptors, and channels, and recent innovations to in vitro techniques aim to mitigate these challenges. One such class of membrane proteins, the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) superfamily, are broadly expressed throughout the human body, required for normal physiology and disease-causing when mutated, yet lacks sufficient structural representation in the Protein Data Bank. However, recent improvements to biophysical techniques (e.g., cryo-electron microscopy) have allowed for previously “hard-to-study” ABC proteins to be characterized at high resolution, providing insight into molecular mechanisms-of-action as well as revealing novel druggable sites for therapy design. These new advances provide ample opportunity for computational methods (e.g., virtual screening, molecular dynamics simulations, and structure-based drug design) to catalyze the discovery of novel small molecule therapeutics that can be easily translated from computer to bench and subsequently to the patient's bedside. In this review, we explore the utility of recent advances in biophysical methods coupled with well-established in silico techniques towards drug development for diseases caused by dysfunctional ABC proteins.
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19
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Hasanabady MH, Kalalinia F. ABCG2 inhibition as a therapeutic approach for overcoming multidrug resistance in cancer. J Biosci 2016; 41:313-24. [DOI: 10.1007/s12038-016-9601-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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20
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Montanari F, Zdrazil B, Digles D, Ecker GF. Selectivity profiling of BCRP versus P-gp inhibition: from automated collection of polypharmacology data to multi-label learning. J Cheminform 2016; 8:7. [PMID: 26855674 PMCID: PMC4743411 DOI: 10.1186/s13321-016-0121-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The human ATP binding cassette transporters Breast Cancer Resistance Protein (BCRP) and Multidrug Resistance Protein 1 (P-gp) are co-expressed in many tissues and barriers, especially at the blood–brain barrier and at the hepatocyte canalicular membrane. Understanding their interplay in affecting the pharmacokinetics of drugs is of prime interest. In silico tools to predict inhibition and substrate profiles towards BCRP and P-gp might serve as early filters in the drug discovery and development process. However, to build such models, pharmacological data must be collected for both targets, which is a tedious task, often involving manual and poorly reproducible steps. Results Compounds with inhibitory activity measured against BCRP and/or P-gp were retrieved by combining Open Data and manually curated data from literature using a KNIME workflow. After determination of compound overlap, machine learning approaches were used to establish multi-label classification models for BCRP/P-gp. Different ways of addressing multi-label problems are explored and compared: label-powerset, binary relevance and classifiers chain. Label-powerset revealed important molecular features for selective or polyspecific inhibitory activity. In our dataset, only two descriptors (the numbers of hydrophobic and aromatic atoms) were sufficient to separate selective BCRP inhibitors from selective P-gp inhibitors. Also, dual inhibitors share properties with both groups of selective inhibitors. Binary relevance and classifiers chain allow improving the predictivity of the models. Conclusions The KNIME workflow proved a useful tool to merge data from diverse sources. It could be used for building multi-label datasets of any set of pharmacological targets for which there is data available either in the open domain or in-house. By applying various multi-label learning algorithms, important molecular features driving transporter selectivity could be retrieved. Finally, using the dataset with missing annotations, predictive models can be derived in cases where no accurate dense dataset is available (not enough data overlap or no well balanced class distribution).. ![]() Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13321-016-0121-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Floriane Montanari
- Pharmacoinformatics Research Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Zdrazil
- Pharmacoinformatics Research Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniela Digles
- Pharmacoinformatics Research Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerhard F Ecker
- Pharmacoinformatics Research Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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21
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Predicting Clearance Mechanism in Drug Discovery: Extended Clearance Classification System (ECCS). Pharm Res 2015; 32:3785-802. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-015-1749-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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22
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Montanari F, Ecker GF. Prediction of drug-ABC-transporter interaction--Recent advances and future challenges. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2015; 86:17-26. [PMID: 25769815 PMCID: PMC6422311 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2015.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Revised: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
With the discovery of P-glycoprotein (P-gp), it became evident that ABC-transporters play a vital role in bioavailability and toxicity of drugs. They prevent intracellular accumulation of toxic compounds, which renders them a major defense mechanism against xenotoxic compounds. Their expression in cells of all major barriers (intestine, blood–brain barrier, blood–placenta barrier) as well as in metabolic organs (liver, kidney) also explains their influence on the ADMET properties of drugs and drug candidates. Thus, in silico models for the prediction of the probability of a compound to interact with P-gp or analogous transporters are of high value in the early phase of the drug discovery process. Within this review, we highlight recent developments in the area, with a special focus on the molecular basis of drug–transporter interaction. In addition, with the recent availability of X-ray structures of several ABC-transporters, also structure-based design methods have been applied and will be addressed.
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23
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Gonzales GB, Smagghe G, Grootaert C, Zotti M, Raes K, Van Camp J. Flavonoid interactions during digestion, absorption, distribution and metabolism: a sequential structure-activity/property relationship-based approach in the study of bioavailability and bioactivity. Drug Metab Rev 2015; 47:175-90. [PMID: 25633078 DOI: 10.3109/03602532.2014.1003649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Flavonoids are a group of polyphenols that provide health-promoting benefits upon consumption. However, poor bioavailability has been a major hurdle in their use as drugs or nutraceuticals. Low bioavailability has been associated with flavonoid interactions at various stages of the digestion, absorption and distribution process, which is strongly affected by their molecular structure. In this review, we use structure-activity/property relationship to discuss various flavonoid interactions with food matrices, digestive enzymes, intestinal transporters and blood proteins. This approach reveals specific bioactive properties of flavonoids in the gastrointestinal tract as well as various barriers for their bioavailability. In the last part of this review, we use these insights to determine the effect of different structural characteristics on the overall bioavailability of flavonoids. Such information is crucial when flavonoid or flavonoid derivatives are used as active ingredients in foods or drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard Bryan Gonzales
- Department of Food Safety and Food Quality, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University , Gent , Belgium
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24
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Erić S, Kalinić M, Ilić K, Zloh M. Computational classification models for predicting the interaction of drugs with P-glycoprotein and breast cancer resistance protein. SAR AND QSAR IN ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2014; 25:939-966. [PMID: 25435255 DOI: 10.1080/1062936x.2014.976265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
P-glycoprotein (P-gp/ABCB1) and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2) are two members of the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) binding cassette (ABC) family of transporters which function as membrane efflux transporters and display considerable substrate promiscuity. Both are known to significantly influence the absorption, distribution and elimination of drugs, mediate drug-drug interactions and contribute to multiple drug resistance (MDR) of cancer cells. Correspondingly, timely characterization of the interaction of novel leads and drug candidates with these two transporters is of great importance. In this study, several computational classification models for prediction of transport and inhibition of P-gp and BCRP, respectively, were developed based on newly compiled and critically evaluated experimental data. Artificial neural network (ANN) and support vector machine (SVM) ensemble based models were explored, as well as knowledge-based approaches to descriptor selection. The average overall classification accuracy of best performing models was 82% for P-gp transport, 88% for BCRP transport, 89% for P-gp inhibition and 87% for BCRP inhibition, determined across an array of different test sets. An analysis of substrate overlap between P-gp and BCRP was also performed. The accuracy, simplicity and interpretability of the proposed models suggest that they could be of significant utility in the drug discovery and development settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Erić
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , University of Belgrade , Belgrade , Serbia
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25
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Mao Q, Unadkat JD. Role of the breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2) in drug transport--an update. AAPS JOURNAL 2014; 17:65-82. [PMID: 25236865 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-014-9668-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 412] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The human breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP, gene symbol ABCG2) is an ATP-binding cassette (ABC) efflux transporter. It was so named because it was initially cloned from a multidrug-resistant breast cancer cell line where it was found to confer resistance to chemotherapeutic agents such as mitoxantrone and topotecan. Since its discovery in 1998, the substrates of BCRP have been rapidly expanding to include not only therapeutic agents but also physiological substances such as estrone-3-sulfate, 17β-estradiol 17-(β-D-glucuronide) and uric acid. Likewise, at least hundreds of BCRP inhibitors have been identified. Among normal human tissues, BCRP is highly expressed on the apical membranes of the placental syncytiotrophoblasts, the intestinal epithelium, the liver hepatocytes, the endothelial cells of brain microvessels, and the renal proximal tubular cells, contributing to the absorption, distribution, and elimination of drugs and endogenous compounds as well as tissue protection against xenobiotic exposure. As a result, BCRP has now been recognized by the FDA to be one of the key drug transporters involved in clinically relevant drug disposition. We published a highly-accessed review article on BCRP in 2005, and much progress has been made since then. In this review, we provide an update of current knowledge on basic biochemistry and pharmacological functions of BCRP as well as its relevance to drug resistance and drug disposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingcheng Mao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Box 357610, Seattle, Washington, 98195-7610, USA,
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26
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Thomas S, Dimelow RJ. Prediction of Phosphoglycoprotein (
P‐gp
)‐Mediated Disposition in Early Drug Discovery. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/9783527673261.ch15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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27
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Szafraniec MJ, Szczygieł M, Urbanska K, Fiedor L. Determinants of the activity and substrate recognition of breast cancer resistance protein (ABCG2). Drug Metab Rev 2014; 46:459-74. [DOI: 10.3109/03602532.2014.942037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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28
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Li W, Zhai B, Zhi H, Li Y, Jia L, Ding C, Zhang B, You W. Association of ABCB1, β tubulin I, and III with multidrug resistance of MCF7/DOC subline from breast cancer cell line MCF7. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:8883-91. [PMID: 24894670 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2101-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Docetaxel is a first-line chemotherapeutic agent for treating advanced breast cancer. The development of chemoresistance or multidrug resistance (MDR), however, results in breast cancer chemotherapy failure. This study aims to explore the molecular mechanisms underlying docetaxel-resistance in treatment of breast cancer. The docetaxel-resistant subline MCF7/DOC, derived from the parental sensitive breast cancer cell line MCF7, was established by intermittent exposure to moderate concentrations of docetaxel, followed by examination of its phenotypes. The MCF7/DOC subline showed cross resistance against paclitaxel, doxorubicin, methotrexate, and 5-Fu. Compared to the parental MCF7, MCF7/DOC cells were enlarged with heterogeneous sizes and a cobblestone and polygonal appearance. They were arrested at G2/M phase and proliferated slowly. The colony formation potential of MCF7/DOC in soft agar was significantly increased. MCF7/DOC cells showed reduced intracellular accumulation and increased efflux of rhodamine 123. The mRNA expression level of adenosine triphosphate binding cassette (ABC) transporter family, i.e., ABCB1, ABCC1, ABCC2, ABCG2, and β tubulin isotypes were characterized by quantitative PCR. High-level expression of ABCB1, βI, and βIII tubulin mRNA in MCF7/DOC was detected. Downregulation of ABCB1, βI, and βIII tubulin mediated by three combined siRNAs resulted in stronger growth inhibition of MCF7/DOC than inhibition of the expression of individual genes. ABCB1, βI, and βIII tubulin might contribute to the MDR of MCF7/DOC and be potential therapeutic targets for overcoming MDR of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, The People's Hospital of Henan Province (The People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University), Zhengzhou, China, 450000
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Pinto M, Digles D, Ecker GF. Computational models for predicting the interaction with ABC transporters. DRUG DISCOVERY TODAY. TECHNOLOGIES 2014; 12:e69-e77. [PMID: 25027377 DOI: 10.1016/j.ddtec.2014.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
There is strong evidence that ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters play a critical role in the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of many drugs and xenobiotics. Due to their pharmacological role, several computational approaches have been developed to understand and predict the interaction between ABC transporters and their ligands. Here, we provide an overview of the current state of the art of the ligand-based models that, derived from the transport and inhibitory activities of a set of ligands, have been published for ABC transporters.
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30
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Montanari F, Ecker GF. BCRP Inhibition: from Data Collection to Ligand-Based Modeling. Mol Inform 2014; 33:322-31. [DOI: 10.1002/minf.201400012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Ding YL, Shih YH, Tsai FY, Leong MK. In silico prediction of inhibition of promiscuous breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2). PLoS One 2014; 9:e90689. [PMID: 24614353 PMCID: PMC3948701 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2013] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer resistant protein has an essential role in active transport of endogenous substances and xenobiotics across extracellular and intracellular membranes along with P-glycoprotein. It also plays a major role in multiple drug resistance and permeation of blood-brain barrier. Therefore, it is of great importance to derive theoretical models to predict the inhibition of both transporters in the process of drug discovery and development. Hitherto, very limited BCRP inhibition predictive models have been proposed as compared with its P-gp counterpart. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS An in silico BCRP inhibition model was developed in this study using the pharmacophore ensemble/support vector machine scheme to take into account the promiscuous nature of BCRP. The predictions by the PhE/SVM model were found to be in good agreement with the observed values for those molecules in the training set (n= 22, r2 =0.82, qCV2=0.73, RMSE= 0.40, s = 0.24), test set (n =97, q2=0.75-0.89, RMSE= 0.31, s= 0.21), and outlier set (n= 16, q2 =0.72-0.91, RMSE= 0.29, s=0.17). When subjected to a variety of statistical validations, the developed PhE/SVM model consistently met the most stringent criteria. A mock test by HIV protease inhibitors also asserted its predictivity. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE It was found that this accurate, fast, and robust PhE/SVM model can be employed to predict the BCRP inhibition of structurally diverse molecules that otherwise cannot be carried out by any other methods in a high-throughput fashion to design therapeutic agents with insignificant drug toxicity and unfavorable drug-drug interactions mediated by BCRP to enhance clinical efficacy and/or circumvent drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Lung Ding
- Department of Chemistry, National Dong Hwa University, Shoufeng, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsuan Shih
- Department of Chemistry, National Dong Hwa University, Shoufeng, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Yuan Tsai
- Center for General Education, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Max K Leong
- Department of Chemistry, National Dong Hwa University, Shoufeng, Hualien, Taiwan; Department of Life Science and Institute of Biotechnology, National Dong Hwa University, Shoufeng, Hualien, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research and Teaching, Mennonite Christian Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan
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Pfeifer ND, Hardwick RN, Brouwer KLR. Role of hepatic efflux transporters in regulating systemic and hepatocyte exposure to xenobiotics. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2013; 54:509-35. [PMID: 24160696 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-011613-140021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Hepatic efflux transporters include numerous well-known and emerging proteins localized to the canalicular or basolateral membrane of the hepatocyte that are responsible for the excretion of drugs into the bile or blood, respectively. Altered function of hepatic efflux transporters due to drug-drug interactions, genetic variation, and/or disease states may lead to changes in xenobiotic exposure in the hepatocyte and/or systemic circulation. This review focuses on transport proteins involved in the hepatocellular efflux of drugs and metabolites, discusses mechanisms of altered transporter function as well as the interplay between multiple transport pathways, and highlights the importance of considering intracellular unbound concentrations of transporter substrates and/or inhibitors. Methods to evaluate hepatic efflux transport and predict the effects of impaired transporter function on systemic and hepatocyte exposure are discussed, and the sandwich-cultured hepatocyte model to evaluate comprehensively the role of hepatic efflux in the hepatobiliary disposition of xenobiotics is characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan D Pfeifer
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599; ,
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Hazai E, Hazai I, Ragueneau-Majlessi I, Chung SP, Bikadi Z, Mao Q. Predicting substrates of the human breast cancer resistance protein using a support vector machine method. BMC Bioinformatics 2013; 14:130. [PMID: 23586520 PMCID: PMC3641962 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2105-14-130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2012] [Accepted: 04/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) is an ATP-binding cassette (ABC) efflux transporter that confers multidrug resistance in cancers and also plays an important role in the absorption, distribution and elimination of drugs. Prediction as to if drugs or new molecular entities are BCRP substrates should afford a cost-effective means that can help evaluate the pharmacokinetic properties, efficacy, and safety of these drugs or drug candidates. At present, limited studies have been done to develop in silico prediction models for BCRP substrates. In this study, we developed support vector machine (SVM) models to predict wild-type BCRP substrates based on a total of 263 known BCRP substrates and non-substrates collected from literature. The final SVM model was integrated to a free web server. Results We showed that the final SVM model had an overall prediction accuracy of ~73% for an independent external validation data set of 40 compounds. The prediction accuracy for wild-type BCRP substrates was ~76%, which is higher than that for non-substrates. The free web server (http://bcrp.althotas.com) allows the users to predict whether a query compound is a wild-type BCRP substrate and calculate its physicochemical properties such as molecular weight, logP value, and polarizability. Conclusions We have developed an SVM prediction model for wild-type BCRP substrates based on a relatively large number of known wild-type BCRP substrates and non-substrates. This model may prove valuable for screening substrates and non-substrates of BCRP, a clinically important ABC efflux drug transporter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eszter Hazai
- Virtua Drug Ltd., Csalogany Street 4, Budapest H-1015, Hungary
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To KKW, Ren SX, Wong CCM, Cho CH. Reversal of ABCG2-mediated multidrug resistance by human cathelicidin and its analogs in cancer cells. Peptides 2013; 40:13-21. [PMID: 23274176 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2012.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2012] [Revised: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 12/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) of cancer cells to a wide spectrum of anticancer drugs is a major obstacle to successful chemotherapy. It is usually mediated by the overexpression of one of the three major ABC transporters actively pumping cytotoxic drugs out of the cells. There has been great interest in the search for inhibitors toward these transporters with an aim to circumvent resistance. This is usually achieved by screening from natural product library and the subsequent structural modifications. This study reported the reversal of ABCG2-mediated MDR in drug-selected resistant cancer cell lines by a class of host defense antimicrobial peptides, the human cathelicidin LL37 and its fragments. The effective human cathelicidin peptides (LL17-32 and LL13-37) were found to increase the accumulation of mitoxantrone in cancer cell lines with ABCG2 overexpression, thereby circumventing resistance to mitoxantrone. At the effective concentrations of the cathelicidin peptides, cell proliferation of the parental cells without elevated ABCG2 expression was not affected. Result from drug efflux and ATPase assays suggested that both LL17-32 and LL13-37 interact with ABCG2 and inhibit its transport activity in an uncompetitive manner. The peptides were also found to downregulate ABCG2 protein expression in the resistant cells, probably through a lysosomal degradation pathway. Our data suggest that the human cathelicidin may be further developed for sensitizing resistant cancer cells to chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth K W To
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Room 801N, Lo Kwee-Seong Integrated Biomedical Sciences Building, Area 39, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China.
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Sedykh A, Fourches D, Duan J, Hucke O, Garneau M, Zhu H, Bonneau P, Tropsha A. Human intestinal transporter database: QSAR modeling and virtual profiling of drug uptake, efflux and interactions. Pharm Res 2012; 30:996-1007. [PMID: 23269503 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-012-0935-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2012] [Accepted: 11/11/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Membrane transporters mediate many biological effects of chemicals and play a major role in pharmacokinetics and drug resistance. The selection of viable drug candidates among biologically active compounds requires the assessment of their transporter interaction profiles. METHODS Using public sources, we have assembled and curated the largest, to our knowledge, human intestinal transporter database (>5,000 interaction entries for >3,700 molecules). This data was used to develop thoroughly validated classification Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR) models of transport and/or inhibition of several major transporters including MDR1, BCRP, MRP1-4, PEPT1, ASBT, OATP2B1, OCT1, and MCT1. RESULTS QSAR models have been developed with advanced machine learning techniques such as Support Vector Machines, Random Forest, and k Nearest Neighbors using Dragon and MOE chemical descriptors. These models afforded high external prediction accuracies of 71-100% estimated by 5-fold external validation, and showed hit retrieval rates with up to 20-fold enrichment in the virtual screening of DrugBank compounds. CONCLUSIONS The compendium of predictive QSAR models developed in this study can be used for virtual profiling of drug candidates and/or environmental agents with the optimal transporter profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Sedykh
- Laboratory for Molecular Modeling Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina 100K Beard Hall, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599-7568, USA
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Huang L, Lu Q, Han Y, Li Z, Zhang Z, Li X. ABCG2/V-ATPase was associated with the drug resistance and tumor metastasis of esophageal squamous cancer cells. Diagn Pathol 2012; 7:180. [PMID: 23244569 PMCID: PMC3542252 DOI: 10.1186/1746-1596-7-180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2012] [Accepted: 12/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND ATP-binding cassette sub-family G member 2 (ABCG2) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ABCG2 gene. ABCG2 participates in efflux of many chemotherapeutic agents. ABCG2 is often expressed in hematopoietic progenitor or stem cells. Vacuolar-H + -ATPase (V-ATPase) plays a key role in adjusting and maintaining intracellular pH and in regulating the drug tolerance of cells. The TNM Classification of Malignant Tumours (TNM) is a cancer staging system that describes the extent of cancer in a patient's body. In this study, the expression of ABCG2 and V-ATPase in esophageal squamous cancer cells was detected. METHODS Immunohistochemistry staining and Immunofluorescence double staining were used to detect the expression of ABCG2 and V-ATPase in in 66 cases of esophageal squamous cancer cells. Associations and differences in expression of ABCG2 with that of V-ATPase were analyzed. RESULTS Positive staining patterns for both ABCG2 (66.67%) and V-ATPase (68.18%) were located mainly in the plasma membrane and cytoplasm. Marked differences in expression were also shown (P < 0.001) among 3 groups of pathological grades and TNM stages in these carcinomas. Marked differences were also found for ABCG2 expression between the two groups in the pathological grades and in the TNM staging groups (P < 0.01), but not between the αb and βgroups. V-ATPase expression was statistically significant between the 2 groups in the pathological grades and TNM stages (P < 0.05). This was not evident between α and β groups of pathological grades or between αb and βof the TNM stages. Marked differences in expression of ABCG2 and V-ATPase were found between metastatic and non-metastatic groups in the same carcinomas (P < 0.0001). There was also a clear correlation between the expression of ABCG2 and V-ATPase (P ≤ 0.001) in the various groups of pathological grades and TNM stages. CONCLUSIONS Both ABCG2 and V-ATPase were over-expressed in esophageal squamous cancer cells. Their expression was associated with pathological grade, TNM stage and tumor metastasis in esophageal squamous cancer cells, suggesting interaction relationship between them. ABCG2 and V-ATPase expression may be strongly associated with drug resistance and tumor metastasis. VIRTUAL SLIDES The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/3823783918433897.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Huang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, People's Republic of China
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37
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Varma MVS, Chang G, Lai Y, Feng B, El-Kattan AF, Litchfield J, Goosen TC. Physicochemical Property Space of Hepatobiliary Transport and Computational Models for Predicting Rat Biliary Excretion. Drug Metab Dispos 2012; 40:1527-37. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.112.044628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
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Effective down-regulation of Breast Cancer Resistance Protein (BCRP) by siRNA delivery using lipid-substituted aliphatic polymers. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2012; 81:33-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2012.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2011] [Revised: 01/11/2012] [Accepted: 01/18/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Gandhi YA, Morris ME. Reevaluation of a quantitative structure pharmacokinetic model for biliary excretion in rats. Drug Metab Dispos 2012; 40:1259-62. [PMID: 22522747 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.112.044842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantitative structure pharmacokinetic relationship (QSPKR) modeling can be used to predict the biliary clearance and percentage of dose eliminated in bile (PD(b)) in humans before clinical studies. Recently, a QSPKR model based on in-house compounds was derived using simple physicochemical descriptors to predict the PD(b) in rats (Drug Metab Dispos 38:422-430, 2010). Our objective was to evaluate the QSPKR model derived for the prediction of PD(b) for our larger dataset of 164 compounds in the rat and for the 97 compounds in our human dataset (AAPS J 11:511-525, 2009). Re-analysis of the published QSPKR model revealed the model to be statistically insignificant (Drug Metab Dispos 38:422-430, 2010). Thus, a new statistically significant QSPKR model, consisting of one less descriptor than the published model, was derived from the published data. The newly derived model performed as well as the published model in predicting the PD(b) for the training and test sets (Drug Metab Dispos 38:422-430, 2010). In contrast, the new model performed poorly in predicting the PD(b) for our larger rat (r(2) = 0.253) and human dataset (r(2) = 0.013). The poor predictions for our datasets may be due, in part, to the quality and diversity of the data used to derive and test the model. Our reevaluation suggests that hepatobiliary excretion is a process that cannot truly be captured by simple physicochemical descriptors when examining chemically dissimilar compounds. A simple approach involving a limited number of physicochemical predictors may be useful when examining a structurally similar series of compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yash A Gandhi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Amherst, New York 14260, USA.
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Natarajan K, Xie Y, Baer MR, Ross DD. Role of breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2) in cancer drug resistance. Biochem Pharmacol 2012; 83:1084-103. [PMID: 22248732 PMCID: PMC3307098 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2012.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 301] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2011] [Revised: 01/02/2012] [Accepted: 01/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Since cloning of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) family member breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2) and its characterization as a multidrug resistance efflux transporter in 1998, BCRP has been the subject of more than two thousand scholarly articles. In normal tissues, BCRP functions as a defense mechanism against toxins and xenobiotics, with expression in the gut, bile canaliculi, placenta, blood-testis and blood-brain barriers facilitating excretion and limiting absorption of potentially toxic substrate molecules, including many cancer chemotherapeutic drugs. BCRP also plays a key role in heme and folate homeostasis, which may help normal cells survive under conditions of hypoxia. BCRP expression appears to be a characteristic of certain normal tissue stem cells termed "side population cells," which are identified on flow cytometric analysis by their ability to exclude Hoechst 33342, a BCRP substrate fluorescent dye. Hence, BCRP expression may contribute to the natural resistance and longevity of these normal stem cells. Malignant tissues can exploit the properties of BCRP to survive hypoxia and to evade exposure to chemotherapeutic drugs. Evidence is mounting that many cancers display subpopulations of stem cells that are responsible for tumor self-renewal. Such stem cells frequently manifest the "side population" phenotype characterized by expression of BCRP and other ABC transporters. Along with other factors, these transporters may contribute to the inherent resistance of these neoplasms and their failure to be cured.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yi Xie
- University of Maryland Greenebaum Cancer Center
| | - Maria R. Baer
- University of Maryland Greenebaum Cancer Center
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine
| | - Douglas D. Ross
- University of Maryland Greenebaum Cancer Center
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine
- Departments of Pathology, and Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, University of Maryland, School of Medicine
- Staff Physician, Baltimore VA Medical Center
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Taxane resistance in breast cancer: mechanisms, predictive biomarkers and circumvention strategies. Cancer Treat Rev 2012; 38:890-903. [PMID: 22465195 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2012.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2011] [Revised: 02/15/2012] [Accepted: 02/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Taxanes are established in the treatment of metastatic breast cancer (MBC) and early breast cancer (EBC) as potent chemotherapy agents. However, their therapeutic usefulness is limited by de-novo refractoriness or acquired resistance, which are common drawbacks to most anti-cancer cytotoxics. Considering that the taxanes will remain principle chemotherapeutic agents for the treatment of breast cancer, we reviewed known mechanisms of resistance in with an outlook of optimizing their clinical use. METHODS We searched the PubMed and MEDLINE databases for articles (from inception through to 9th January 2012; last search 10/01/2012) and journals known to publish information relevant to taxane chemotherapy. We imposed no language restrictions. Search terms included: cancer, breast cancer, response, resistance, taxane, paclitaxel, docetaxel, taxol. Due to the possibility of alternative mechanisms of resistance all combination chemotherapy treated data sets were removed from our overview. RESULTS Over-expression of the MDR-1 gene product Pgp was extensively studied in vitro in association with taxane resistance, but data are conflicting. Similarly, the target components microtubules, which are thought to mediate refractoriness through alterations of the expression pattern of tubulins or microtubule associated proteins and the expression of alternative tubulin isoforms, failed to confirm such associations. Little consensus has been generated for reported associations between taxane-sensitivity and mutated p53, or taxane-resistance and overexpression of Bcl-2, Bcl-xL or NFkB. In contrary sufficient in vitro data support an association of spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) defects with resistance. Clinical data have been limited and inconsistent, which relate to the variety of methods used, lack of standardization of cut-offs for quantitation, differences in clinical endpoints measured and in methods of tissue collection preparation and storage, and study/patient heterogeneity. The most prominent finding is that pharmaceutical down-regulation of HER-2 appears to reverse the taxane resistance. CONCLUSIONS Currently no valid practical biomarkers exist that can predict resistance to the taxanes in breast cancer supporting the principle of individualized cancer therapy. The incorporation of several biomarker analyses into prospectively designed studies in this setting are needed.
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Brózik A, Hegedüs C, Erdei Z, Hegedus T, Özvegy-Laczka C, Szakács G, Sarkadi B. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors as modulators of ATP binding cassette multidrug transporters: substrates, chemosensitizers or inducers of acquired multidrug resistance? Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2011; 7:623-42. [PMID: 21410427 DOI: 10.1517/17425255.2011.562892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Anticancer tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are small molecule hydrophobic compounds designed to arrest aberrant signaling pathways in malignant cells. Multidrug resistance (MDR) ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporters have recently been recognized as important determinants of the general ADME-Tox (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, toxicity) properties of small molecule TKIs, as well as key factors of resistance against targeted anticancer therapeutics. AREAS COVERED The article summarizes MDR-related ABC transporter interactions with imatinib, nilotinib, dasatinib, gefitinib, erlotinib, lapatinib, sunitinib and sorafenib, including in vitro and in vivo observations. An array of methods developed to study such interactions is presented. Transporter-TKI interactions relevant to the ADME-Tox properties of TKI drugs, primary or acquired cancer TKI resistance, and drug-drug interactions are also reviewed. EXPERT OPINION Based on the concept presented in this review, TKI anticancer drugs are considered as compounds recognized by the cellular mechanisms handling xenobiotics. Accordingly, novel anticancer therapies should equally focus on the effectiveness of target inhibition and exploration of potential interactions of the designed molecules by membrane transporters. Thus, targeted hydrophobic small molecule compounds should also be screened to evade xenobiotic-sensing cellular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Brózik
- Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Semmelweis University, Membrane Biology, Budapest, Hungary
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Meyer zu Schwabedissen HE, Kroemer HK. In vitro and in vivo evidence for the importance of breast cancer resistance protein transporters (BCRP/MXR/ABCP/ABCG2). Handb Exp Pharmacol 2011:325-371. [PMID: 21103975 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-14541-4_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2) is a member of the G-subfamiliy of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC)-transporter superfamily. This half-transporter is assumed to function as an important mechanism limiting cellular accumulation of various compounds. In context of its tissue distribution with localization in the sinusoidal membrane of hepatocytes, and in the apical membrane of enterocytes ABCG2 is assumed to function as an important mechanism facilitating hepatobiliary excretion and limiting oral bioavailability, respectively. Indeed functional assessment performing mouse studies with genetic deletion or chemical inhibition of the transporter, or performing pharmacogenetic studies in humans support this assumption. Furthermore the efflux function of ABCG2 has been linked to sanctuary blood tissue barriers as described for placenta and the central nervous system. However, in lactating mammary glands ABCG2 increases the transfer of substrates into milk thereby increasing the exposure to potential noxes of a breastfed newborn. With regard to its broad substrate spectrum including various anticancer drugs and environmental carcinogens the function of ABCG2 has been associated with multidrug resistance and tumor development/progression. In terms of cancer biology current research is focusing on the expression and function of ABCG2 in immature stem cells. Recent findings support the notion that the physiological function of ABCG2 is involved in the elimination of uric acid resulting in higher risk for developing gout in male patients harboring genetic variants. Taken together ABCG2 is implicated in various pathophysiological and pharmacological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henriette E Meyer zu Schwabedissen
- Department of Pharmacology, Research Center of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Ernst Moritz Arndt University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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Poguntke M, Hazai E, Fromm MF, Zolk O. Drug transport by breast cancer resistance protein. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2010; 6:1363-84. [PMID: 20873966 DOI: 10.1517/17425255.2010.519700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE OF THE FIELD The ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2 is a well-known major mediator of multi-drug resistance in cancers. Beyond multi-drug resistance, experimental and recent clinical studies demonstrate a role for ABCG2 as a determinant of drug pharmacokinetic, safety and efficacy profiles. AREAS COVERED IN THIS REVIEW The clinical evidence of the role of ABCG2 in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics is reviewed. Key questions that arise from the perspective of preclinical drug evaluation are addressed, including the structure of ABCG2 and mechanisms of drug-transporter interactions, mechanisms responsible for the polyspecificity of ABCG2, methods suitable for studying drug-ABCG2 interactions in vitro and in silico prediction of ABCG2 substrates and inhibitors. WHAT THE READER WILL GAIN An update on current knowledge of the importance of ABCG2 in drug disposition with special emphasis on drug development. TAKE HOME MESSAGE The field of drug-ABCG2 interaction is rapidly advancing and beginning to expand into clinical practice. However, the structural understanding of drug binding and transport by ABCG2 is still incomplete. Incorporation of novel concepts of drug-transporter interactions such as electrostatic funneling might help explain the multispecificity of ABCG2 and enable in silico predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maren Poguntke
- University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Fahrstr. 17, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
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Ni Z, Bikadi Z, Rosenberg MF, Mao Q. Structure and function of the human breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2). Curr Drug Metab 2010; 11:603-17. [PMID: 20812902 DOI: 10.2174/138920010792927325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2010] [Accepted: 08/13/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The human breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2) is the second member of the G subfamily of the large ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter superfamily. BCRP was initially discovered in multidrug resistant breast cancer cell lines where it confers resistance to chemotherapeutic agents such as mitoxantrone, topotecan and methotrexate by extruding these compounds out of the cell. BCRP is capable of transporting non-chemotherapy drugs and xenobiotiocs as well, including nitrofurantoin, prazosin, glyburide, and 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine. BCRP is frequently detected at high levels in stem cells, likely providing xenobiotic protection. BCRP is also highly expressed in normal human tissues including the small intestine, liver, brain endothelium, and placenta. Therefore, BCRP has been increasingly recognized for its important role in the absorption, elimination, and tissue distribution of drugs and xenobiotics. At present, little is known about the transport mechanism of BCRP, particularly how it recognizes and transports a large number of structurally and chemically unrelated drugs and xenobiotics. Here, we review current knowledge of structure and function of this medically important ABC efflux drug transporter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanglin Ni
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Health Science Building H272, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, Washington 98195-7610, USA
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