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Rajendrakumar S, Beaumal V, Kermarrec A, Lopez C, Novales B, Rabesona H, Simongiovanni A, Demersay TC, Marze S. Release profile of amino acids encapsulated in solid lipid particles during in vitro oro-gastrointestinal digestion. Food Res Int 2024; 190:114605. [PMID: 38945573 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Some amino acids are known to mediate immune responses through gut microbiota metabolism in both humans and monogastric animals. However, through the diet, most free amino acids are absorbed in the small intestine and only a small quantity reaches the microbiota-rich colon. To enhance microbial metabolism of amino acids and their potential health benefits, encapsulation strategies are developed for their protection and delivery to the colon. So far, the main encapsulation systems for amino acids are based on solid lipid particles, but their fate within the digestive tract has never been fully clarified. In this study, we investigated the release of various amino acids (branched-chain amino acid mixture, or lysine, or tryptophan) loaded in solid lipid particles during in vitro oro-gastrointestinal digestion mimicking the piglet. The loaded solid lipid particles were fully characterized for their composition, thermal behavior, molecular structure, crystalline state, surface morphology, and particle size distribution. Moreover, we investigated the effect of particle size by sieving solid lipid particles into two non-overlapping size fractions. We found that amino acid release was high during the gastric phase of digestion, mainly controlled by physical parameters, namely particle size and crystalline state including surface morphology. Large particle size and/or smooth ordered particle indeed led to slower and lower release. Although lipid hydrolysis was significant during the intestinal phase of digestion, the impact of the crystalline state and surface morphology was also observed in the absence of enzymes, pointing to a dominant water/solute diffusion mechanism through these porous solid lipid particles.
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Huynh VTT, de Paiva Lacerda S, Espitalier F, Beyssac E, Ré MI. Effect of talc and vitamin E TPGS on manufacturability, stability and release properties of trilaurin-based formulations for hot-melt coating. Int J Pharm 2024; 653:123866. [PMID: 38286194 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.123866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
This study was focused on one particular case of hot-melt coating with trilaurin - a solid medium-chain monoacid triglyceride. The challenge of using trilaurin as coating agent in melting-based processes is linked to its relatively low melting profile: 15.6 °C (Tm,α), 35.1 °C ( [Formula: see text] ) and 45.7 °C (Tm,β). From a process perspective, the only possibility to generate products coated with formulations composed of trilaurin is by setting thermal operational conditions above Tm,α. From a material perspective, this processing possibility depends principally on trilaurin crystallisation which was investigated via a set of analytical techniques including turbidimetry, calorimetry, hot-melt goniometry, and polarised light microscopy. A highly soluble drug model substrate (sodium chloride crystals) was coated with three selected trilaurin-based formulations: (i) trilaurin, (ii) trilaurin plus talc, and (iii) trilaurin plus vitamin E TPGS and talc. Coated salt crystals were then analysed to investigate processing performance, coating quality, stability and release properties under digestion effect. The results show that firstly, talc addition promotes nucleation and crystal growth and, as a consequence, it facilitates the manufacture of trilaurin-based formulations. Secondly, the formulation of a solid triglyceride and a hydrophilic surfactant could potentially cause release instability, but formula (iii) was found to be stabilised by a mechanism whereby trilaurin crystallization enhanced in the presence of talc immobilised vitamin E TPGS in its crystal lattice. Thirdly, talc addition did not significantly influence trilaurin digestion which endows products with an immediate release in lipolytic conditions instead of an extended liberation in pure water. Nor did the addition of one or two additives alter the extent of trilaurin digestion under the conditions studied. These important findings relate to product manufacturability, stability, and release properties. A good understanding of material properties (e.g. crystallisation, polymorphism, digestibility) is essential for melt-processing, lipid coating stabilising and modulation of release profile of solid lipid-coated product, as demonstrated in this case study with trilaurin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van-Trung-Tin Huynh
- RAPSODEE - Centre de recherche d'Albi en génie des procédés des solides divisés, de l'énergie et de l'environnement, Albi, France
| | - Suenia de Paiva Lacerda
- RAPSODEE - Centre de recherche d'Albi en génie des procédés des solides divisés, de l'énergie et de l'environnement, Albi, France
| | - Fabienne Espitalier
- RAPSODEE - Centre de recherche d'Albi en génie des procédés des solides divisés, de l'énergie et de l'environnement, Albi, France
| | - Eric Beyssac
- UFR de Pharmacie, Université de Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Maria-Inês Ré
- RAPSODEE - Centre de recherche d'Albi en génie des procédés des solides divisés, de l'énergie et de l'environnement, Albi, France.
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Bertoni S, Tedesco D, Bartolini M, Prata C, Passerini N, Albertini B. Solid Lipid Microparticles for Oral Delivery of Catalase: Focus on the Protein Structural Integrity and Gastric Protection. Mol Pharm 2020; 17:3609-3621. [PMID: 32786955 PMCID: PMC8009523 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c00666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Protein inactivation either during the production process or along the gastrointestinal tract is the major problem associated with the development of oral delivery systems for biological drugs. This work presents an evaluation of the structural integrity and the biological activity of a model protein, catalase, after its encapsulation in glyceryl trimyristate-based solid lipid microparticles (SLMs) obtained by the spray congealing technology. Circular dichroism and fluorescence spectroscopies were used to assess the integrity of catalase released from SLMs. The results confirmed that no conformational change occurred during the production process and both the secondary and tertiary structures were retained. Catalase is highly sensitive to temperature and undergoes denaturation above 60 °C; nevertheless, spray congealing allowed the retention of most biological activity due to the loading of the drug at the solid state, markedly reducing the risk of denaturation. Catalase activity after exposure to simulated gastric conditions (considering both acidic pH and the presence of gastric digestive hydrolases) ranged from 35 to 95% depending on the carrier: increasing of both the fatty acid chain length and the degree of substitution of the glyceride enhanced residual enzyme activity. SLMs allowed the protein release in a simulated intestinal environment and were not cytotoxic against HT29 cells. In conclusion, the encapsulation of proteins into SLMs by spray congealing might be a promising strategy for the formulation of nontoxic and inexpensive oral biotherapeutic products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Bertoni
- PharmTech
Lab, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via S. Donato 19/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Daniele Tedesco
- Bio-Pharmaceutical
Analysis Section (Bio-PhASe), Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Manuela Bartolini
- Bio-Pharmaceutical
Analysis Section (Bio-PhASe), Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Cecilia Prata
- Biochemistry
Lab, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Nadia Passerini
- PharmTech
Lab, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via S. Donato 19/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Beatrice Albertini
- PharmTech
Lab, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via S. Donato 19/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
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Spray congealed solid lipid microparticles as a sustained release delivery system for Gonadorelin [6-D-Phe]: Production, optimization and in vitro release behavior. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2020; 154:18-32. [PMID: 32599272 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2020.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Sustained release lipid microparticles for a potential veterinary application were produced by the means of spray congealing using saturated triglycerides with respective surfactants. The spray congealing process was optimized using unloaded and loaded microparticles, revealing the highest impact of the spray flow on material loss. Yield could be optimized by increasing the spray flow as well as a reduction of the melt temperature from 90 to 75 °C. For the delivery system developed in this study, a release of around 15 days was targeted. The release profile was in first hand determined with the use of model substances (aspartame and tryptophan), before incorporating the decapeptide Gonadorelin [6-D-Phe]. Release could be controlled between 2 and 28 d, which was dependent on stability of microparticles upon incubation, type and concentration of emulsifier, as well as the used triglyceride. Differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray powder diffraction confirmed the crystallization behavior of C14 and C16-triglycerides in combination with various emulsifiers in different modification without impact on release.
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Novel chitosan-based solid-lipid nanoparticles to enhance the bio-residence of the miraculous phytochemical “Apocynin”. Eur J Pharm Sci 2018; 124:304-318. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Mu H, Holm R. Solid lipid nanocarriers in drug delivery: characterization and design. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2018; 15:771-785. [DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2018.1504018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Huiling Mu
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - René Holm
- Drug Product Development, Janssen Research and Development, Beerse, Belgium
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Chen Z, Sellergren B, Shen X. Synergistic Catalysis by "Polymeric Microzymes and Inorganic Nanozymes": The 1+1>2 Effect for Intramolecular Cyclization of Peptides. Front Chem 2017; 5:60. [PMID: 29018794 PMCID: PMC5622990 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2017.00060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, we developed an efficient "molecularly imprinted polymer microzymes and inorganic magnetic nanozymes" synergistic catalysis strategy for the formation of disulfide bonds in peptides. The polymeric microzymes showed excellent selectivity toward the template peptide as well as the main reactant (linear peptide), and the Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticle (MNP) nanozymes inhibited the intermolecular reaction during the formation of disulfide bonds in peptides. As a result, the integration of the two different artificial enzymes in one process facilitates the intramolecular cyclization in high product yields (59.3%) with excellent selectivity. Mechanism study indicates the synergistic effect was occurred by using a "reversed solid phase synthesis" strategy with an enhanced shift of reaction balance to product generation. We believe the synergistic catalysis by "polymeric microzymes and inorganic nanozymes" presented in the present work may open new opportunities in creation of multifunctional enzyme mimics for sensing, imaging, and drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiliang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Börje Sellergren
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Society, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Xiantao Shen
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Karamanidou T, Bourganis V, Kammona O, Kiparissides C. Lipid-based nanocarriers for the oral administration of biopharmaceutics. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2016; 11:3009-3032. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2016-0265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Biopharmaceutics have been recognized as the drugs of choice for the treatment of several diseases, mainly due to their high selectivity and potent action. Nonetheless, their oral administration is a rather challenging problem, since their bioavailability is significantly hindered by various physiological barriers along the GI tract, including their acid-induced hydrolysis in the stomach, their enzymatic degradation throughout the GI tract and their poor mucosa permeability. Lipid-based nanocarriers represent a viable means for enhancing the oral bioavailability of biomolecules while diminishing toxicity-related issues. The present review describes the main physiological barriers limiting the oral bioavailability of macromolecules and highlights recent advances in the field of lipid-based carriers as well as the respective lipid intestinal absorption mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodora Karamanidou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, PO Box 472, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Vassilis Bourganis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, PO Box 472, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Olga Kammona
- Chemical Process & Energy Resources Institute, Centre for Research & Technology Hellas, PO Box 60361, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Costas Kiparissides
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, PO Box 472, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Chemical Process & Energy Resources Institute, Centre for Research & Technology Hellas, PO Box 60361, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
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Christophersen PC, Birch D, Saarinen J, Isomäki A, Nielsen HM, Yang M, Strachan CJ, Mu H. Investigation of protein distribution in solid lipid particles and its impact on protein release using coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering microscopy. J Control Release 2015; 197:111-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Revised: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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