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Higashino H, Minami K, Takagi T, Kataoka M, Yamashita S. The Effects of Degree and Duration of Supersaturation on In Vivo Absorption Profiles for Highly Permeable Drugs, Dipyridamole and Ketoconazole. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2023:S0939-6411(23)00150-9. [PMID: 37301301 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2023.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The prediction of oral absorption from a supersaturating drug delivery system (SDDS) remains a significant challenge. Here we evaluated the effects of the degree and duration of supersaturation on in vivoabsorption for dipyridamole and ketoconazole. Various dose concentrations of supersaturated suspensions were prepared by a pH shift method, and in vitro dissolution and in vivo absorption profiles were determined. For dipyridamole, the duration of supersaturation decreased with the increase of the dose concentration owing to rapid precipitation. For ketoconazole, the initially constant dissolved concentrations due probably to the liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) as a reservoir were observed at high dose concentrations. However, the LLPS did not delay the peak plasma concentration of ketoconazole in rats, indicating that drug molecules were immediately released from the oil phase to the bulk aqueous phase. For both model drugs, the degree of supersaturation, but not the duration of supersaturation, correlated with systemic exposure, indicating quick drug absorption before precipitation. Therefore, the degree of supersaturation is an important parameter compared with the duration of supersaturation for enhancing the in vivo absorption of highly permeable drugs. These findings would help develop a promising SDDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruki Higashino
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, 45-1 Nagaotoge-cho, Hirakata, Osaka 573-0101, Japan; Pharmaron (Exton) Lab Services LLC (Absorption Systems LLC), 436 Creamery way, Suite 600, Exton, PA 19341, USA.
| | - Keiko Minami
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, 45-1 Nagaotoge-cho, Hirakata, Osaka 573-0101, Japan
| | - Toshihide Takagi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, 45-1 Nagaotoge-cho, Hirakata, Osaka 573-0101, Japan
| | - Makoto Kataoka
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, 45-1 Nagaotoge-cho, Hirakata, Osaka 573-0101, Japan
| | - Shinji Yamashita
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, 45-1 Nagaotoge-cho, Hirakata, Osaka 573-0101, Japan
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2
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Han M, Xu J, Lin Y. Approaches of formulation bridging in support of orally administered drug product development. Int J Pharm 2022; 629:122380. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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3
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Lucero-Borja D, Subirats X, Barbas R, Prohens R, Avdeef A, Ràfols C. Potentiometric CheqSol and standardized shake-flask solubility methods are complimentary tools in physicochemical profiling. Eur J Pharm Sci 2020; 148:105305. [PMID: 32184154 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2020.105305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The solubility of three drugs (glimepiride, pioglitazone, sibutramine) with different acid/base properties and expected supersaturation behavior was examined in detail using the shake-flask (SF) and potentiometric (CheqSol) methods. Both uncharged (free) species and hydrochloride salts were used as starting materials. On the one hand, the SF method provided information about the thermodynamic solubility at any pH value, including the counterion-dependent solubility of ionic species. Additionally, this method easily allowed the identification of the solid phase in equilibrated solutions by powder X-ray diffraction, and the detection and quantification of aggregation and complexation reactions. On the other hand, CheqSol method permitted the measurement of the equilibrium solubility of neutral species, the observation of changes in solid forms, and the extent and duration of supersaturation (kinetic solubility) for "chaser" compounds. The combined information from both methods gave an accurate picture of the solubility behavior of the studied drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Lucero-Borja
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB) and Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Xavier Subirats
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB) and Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Rafael Barbas
- Unitat de Polimorfisme i Calorimetria, Centres Científics i Tecnològics, Universitat de Barcelona, Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Rafel Prohens
- Unitat de Polimorfisme i Calorimetria, Centres Científics i Tecnològics, Universitat de Barcelona, Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Alex Avdeef
- in-ADME Research, 1732 First Avenue #102, New York, NY 10128, USA.
| | - Clara Ràfols
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB) and Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
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4
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Alshora DH, Alsaif S, Ibrahim MA, Ezzeldin E, Almeanazel OT, Abou El Ela AES, Ashri LY. Co-stabilization of pioglitazone HCL nanoparticles prepared by planetary ball milling: in-vitro and in-vivo evaluation. Pharm Dev Technol 2020; 25:845-854. [PMID: 32174213 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2020.1744163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Pioglitazone (PGZ) is an oral antidiabetic agent that increases cell resistance to insulin, thereby decreasing blood glucose levels. PGZ is a class II drug. Because of its pH-dependent solubility, it precipitates at the intestinal pH, resulting in an erratic and incomplete absorption following oral administration, which causes fluctuations in its plasma concentration. A nanoparticle drug delivery system offers a solution to enhance the dissolution rate of this poorly water-soluble drug. PGZ nanoparticles were formulated by the wet milling technique using a planetary ball mill. The effects of the steric stabilizer (Pluronic F-127, PL F-127), electrostatic stabilizer (sodium deoxycholate, SDC), and number of milling cycles were optimized using a Box-Behnken factorial design. The results showed that the ratio of PL F-127: SDC significantly affected the zeta potential and the dissolution efficiency (DE%) of PGZ. The optimized PGZ nanoparticle formulation enhanced the dissolution to reach 100% after 5 min. The in-vivo results showed significant enhancement in Cmax (1.3-fold) compared to that of the raw powder, and both AUC0-24 and AUC0-∞ were significantly (p < 0.05) enhanced. In conclusion, PGZ nanoparticle formulation had enhanced dissolution rate in the alkaline media, which improved its drug bioavailability relative to that of the untreated drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doaa H Alshora
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shaikha Alsaif
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Essam Ezzeldin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Drug Bioavailability Laboratory, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Drug Bioavailability Center, National Organization for Drug Control and Research, (NODCAR), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Osaid T Almeanazel
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amal El Sayeh Abou El Ela
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Lubna Y Ashri
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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5
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Avdeef A. Prediction of aqueous intrinsic solubility of druglike molecules using Random Forest regression trained with Wiki-pS0 database. ADMET AND DMPK 2020; 8:29-77. [PMID: 35299775 PMCID: PMC8915599 DOI: 10.5599/admet.766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The accurate prediction of solubility of drugs is still problematic. It was thought for a long time that shortfalls had been due the lack of high-quality solubility data from the chemical space of drugs. This study considers the quality of solubility data, particularly of ionizable drugs. A database is described, comprising 6355 entries of intrinsic solubility for 3014 different molecules, drawing on 1325 citations. In an earlier publication, many factors affecting the quality of the measurement had been discussed, and suggestions were offered to improve ways of extracting more reliable information from legacy data. Many of the suggestions have been implemented in this study. By correcting solubility for ionization (i.e., deriving intrinsic solubility, S0) and by normalizing temperature (by transforming measurements performed in the range 10-50 °C to 25 °C), it can now be estimated that the average interlaboratory reproducibility is 0.17 log unit. Empirical methods to predict solubility at best have hovered around the root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.6 log unit. Three prediction methods are compared here: (a) Yalkowsky's general solubility equation (GSE), (b) Abraham solvation equation (ABSOLV), and (c) Random Forest regression (RFR) statistical machine learning. The latter two methods were trained using the new database. The RFR method outperforms the other two models, as anticipated. However, the ability to predict the solubility of drugs to the level of the quality of data is still out of reach. The data quality is not the limiting factor in prediction. The statistical machine learning methodologies are probably up to the task. Possibly what's missing are solubility data from a few sparsely-covered chemical space of drugs (particularly of research compounds). Also, new descriptors which can better differentiate the factors affecting solubility between molecules could be critical for narrowing the gap between the accuracy of the prediction models and that of the experimental data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Avdeef
- in-ADME Research, 1732 First Avenue #102, New York, NY 10128 USA
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6
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Tanaka Y, Tay E, Nguyen TH, Porter CJH. Quantifying In Vivo Luminal Drug Solubilization -Supersaturation-Precipitation Profiles to Explain the Performance of Lipid Based Formulations. Pharm Res 2020; 37:47. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-020-2762-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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7
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Uekusa T, Oki J, Omori M, Watanabe D, Inoue D, Sugano K. Effect of buffer capacity on dissolution and supersaturation profiles of pioglitazone hydrochloride. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2019.101492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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8
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Precipitation behavior of pioglitazone on the particle surface of hydrochloride salt in biorelevant media. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 161:45-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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9
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Phutthatiraphap S, Hayashi Y, Fujii T, Kosugi A, Okada K, Kadozaki T, Ishise T, Sakai H, Onuki Y. Inhibition of Gastric H +,K +-ATPase Activity in Vitro by Dissolution Media of Original Brand-Name and Generic Tablets of Lansoprazole, a Proton Pump Inhibitor. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2018; 66:896-900. [PMID: 30175749 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c18-00390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the inhibitory effect of a commercial proton pump inhibitor (lansoprazole) on the gastric proton pump H+,K+-ATPase in vitro, we used orally disintegrating (OD) tablets including original brand-name and generic tablets. In the course of the development of generic products, dissolution and clinical tests are necessary to ensure their bioequivalence to the original brand-name products; by contrast, there is almost no opportunity to demonstrate their activity in vitro. This study initially compared the similarity of the dissolution of test generic tablets with that of the original brand-name tablets. The dissolution tests for 15 and 30-mg lansoprazole tablets found their dissolution properties were similar. Subsequently, the dissolution media were sampled and then their effects on the H+,K+-ATPase activity were measured using tubulovesicles prepared from the gastric mucosa of hogs. We confirmed that the inhibitory effects of the generic tablets on H+,K+-ATPase activity were consistent with those of the original brand-name tablets. Furthermore, lansoprazole contents in each tablet estimated from their inhibitory effects were in good agreement with their active pharmaceutical ingredient content. To our knowledge, this is the first technical report to compare the in vitro biochemical activity of lansoprazole OD tablets between the original brand-name and generic commercial products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siriporn Phutthatiraphap
- Department of Pharmaceutical Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama
| | - Yoshihiro Hayashi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Graduate School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Science, University of Toyama
| | - Takuto Fujii
- Department of Pharmaceutical Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama
| | - Atsushi Kosugi
- Nichi-Iko Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Formulation Development Department
| | - Kotaro Okada
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Graduate School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Science, University of Toyama
| | - Tetsuo Kadozaki
- Nichi-Iko Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Formulation Development Department
| | - Toru Ishise
- Nichi-Iko Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Formulation Development Department
| | - Hideki Sakai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama
| | - Yoshinori Onuki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Graduate School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Science, University of Toyama
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10
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Relative Bioavailability Risk Assessment: A Systematic Approach to Assessing In Vivo Risk Associated With CM&C-Related Changes. J Pharm Sci 2018; 108:8-17. [PMID: 30053554 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2018.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Relative bioavailability (RBA) studies are often carried out to bridge changes made between drug products used for clinical studies. In this work, we describe the development of a risk assessment (RA) tool that comprehensively and objectively assesses the risk of noncomparable in vivo performance associated with Chemistry, Manufacturing, and Controls (CM&C)-related changes. The RA tool is based on a risk grid that provides a quantitative context to facilitate discussions to determine the need for an in vivo RBA study. Relevant regulatory guidances and the required in vitro and in silico absorption modeling data, on which the RA is based, are discussed. In addition, an analysis of previously executed RBA studies at Eli Lilly and Company over a period of several years is presented. The risk grid incorporates individual risk factors for a given study and provides a recommendation on the risk associated with bypassing an RBA study. The outcome of an RA results in 1 of 3 possible risk zones; lower tier risk, intermediate tier risk, and upper tier risk. In cases where the outcome from the RA falls into the intermediate tier risk zone, further in depth data analysis is required.
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11
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Arca HC, Mosquera-Giraldo LI, Bi V, Xu D, Taylor LS, Edgar KJ. Pharmaceutical Applications of Cellulose Ethers and Cellulose Ether Esters. Biomacromolecules 2018; 19:2351-2376. [PMID: 29869877 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.8b00517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Cellulose ethers have proven to be highly useful natural-based polymers, finding application in areas including food, personal care products, oil field chemicals, construction, paper, adhesives, and textiles. They have particular value in pharmaceutical applications due to characteristics including high glass transition temperatures, high chemical and photochemical stability, solubility, limited crystallinity, hydrogen bonding capability, and low toxicity. With regard to toxicity, cellulose ethers have essentially no ability to permeate through gastrointestinal enterocytes and many are already in formulations approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. We review pharmaceutical applications of these valuable polymers from a structure-property-function perspective, discussing each important commercial cellulose ether class; carboxymethyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, and ethyl cellulose, and cellulose ether esters including hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose acetate succinate and carboxymethyl cellulose acetate butyrate. We also summarize their syntheses, basic material properties, and key pharmaceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura I Mosquera-Giraldo
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy , Purdue University , West Lafayette , Indiana 47907 , United States
| | - Vivian Bi
- Ashland Specialty Ingredients , 500 Hercules Road , Wilmington , Delaware 19808 , United States
| | - Daiqiang Xu
- Ashland Specialty Ingredients , 500 Hercules Road , Wilmington , Delaware 19808 , United States
| | - Lynne S Taylor
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy , Purdue University , West Lafayette , Indiana 47907 , United States
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12
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Human Skin Permeation Studies with PPARγ Agonist to Improve Its Permeability and Efficacy in Inflammatory Processes. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18122548. [PMID: 29182532 PMCID: PMC5751151 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18122548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Rosacea is the most common inflammatory skin disease. It is characterized by erythema, inflammatory papules and pustules, visible blood vessels, and telangiectasia. The current treatment has limitations and unsatisfactory results. Pioglitazone (PGZ) is an agonist of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), a nuclear receptor that regulates important cellular functions, including inflammatory responses. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the permeation of PGZ with a selection of penetration enhancers and to analyze its effectiveness for treating rosacea. The high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was validated for the quantitative determination of PGZ. Ex vivo permeation experiments were realized in Franz diffusion cells using human skin, in which PGZ with different penetration enhancers were assayed. The results showed that the limonene was the most effective penetration enhancer that promotes the permeation of PGZ through the skin. The cytotoxicity studies and the Draize test detected cell viability and the absence of skin irritation, respectively. The determination of the skin color using a skin colorimetric probe and the results of histopathological studies confirmed the ability of PGZ-limonene to reduce erythema and vasodilation. This study suggests new pharmacological indications of PGZ and its possible application in the treatment of skin diseases, namely rosacea.
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13
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In vivo analysis of supersaturation/precipitation/absorption behavior after oral administration of pioglitazone hydrochloride salt; determinant site of oral absorption. Eur J Pharm Sci 2017; 106:431-438. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2017.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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14
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Lu J, Ormes JD, Lowinger M, Mann AKP, Xu W, Patel S, Litster JD, Taylor LS. Compositional effect of complex biorelevant media on the crystallization kinetics of an active pharmaceutical ingredient. CrystEngComm 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ce01128h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Bile salts impact crystal nucleation and growth of supersaturated solutions of poorly water soluble drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Lu
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Purdue University
- Indiana 47907
- USA
| | - James D. Ormes
- Discovery Pharmaceutical Sciences
- MRL, Merck & Co., Inc
- Rahway
- USA
| | | | | | - Wei Xu
- Preformulation
- MRL, Merck & Co., Inc
- West Point
- USA
| | | | - James D. Litster
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Purdue University
- Indiana 47907
- USA
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering
| | - Lynne S. Taylor
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy
- Purdue University
- Indiana 47907
- USA
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15
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Tanaka Y, Kawakami A, Nanimatsu A, Horio M, Matsuoka J, Wada T, Kasaoka S, Yoshikawa H. In vivo evaluation of supersaturation/precipitation/re-dissolution behavior of cinnarizine, a lipophilic weak base, in the gastrointestinal tract: the key process of oral absorption. Eur J Pharm Sci 2016; 96:464-471. [PMID: 27773836 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2016.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Revised: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to evaluate how supersaturation, precipitation, and re-dissolution processes influence the intestinal absorption of cinnarizine (CNZ), a lipophilic weak base, by monitoring its plasma and luminal concentration-time profile, after oral administration as a HCl solution containing fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran (FD-4), a non-absorbable marker. In the in vitro pH shift experiment, the supersaturation stability was significantly lower when the higher-concentration solution of CNZ (pH1.5) was added to the simulated intestinal fluid. However, although the in vivo bioavailability after oral administration of high and low dose as HCl solutions was greatly improved compared to those as neutral suspensions, the difference in the supersaturation stability was not reflected in the improvement of the in vivo bioavailability. Analysis of CNZ and FD-4 concentrations in each segment of the gastrointestinal tract revealed that most of the CNZ precipitated in the duodenum after gastric emptying, and supersaturation was observed only in the duodenum. Thereafter, the precipitate was rapidly re-dissolved and absorbed in the upper and middle small intestine. The rapid re-dissolution may be caused by smaller particles of the precipitate. In this case, it is considered that the key process for the absorption of CNZ was re-dissolution, not supersaturation. Therefore, different supersaturation stabilities in different doses observed in in vitro precipitation experiment was not reflected to in vivo absorption. These findings may be useful to design efficient supersaturable formulations and to validate and improve current prediction methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Tanaka
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hiroshima International University, 5-1-1 Hiro-koshingai, Kure, Hiroshima 737-0112, Japan.
| | - Ayaka Kawakami
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hiroshima International University, 5-1-1 Hiro-koshingai, Kure, Hiroshima 737-0112, Japan
| | - Ami Nanimatsu
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hiroshima International University, 5-1-1 Hiro-koshingai, Kure, Hiroshima 737-0112, Japan
| | - Misaki Horio
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hiroshima International University, 5-1-1 Hiro-koshingai, Kure, Hiroshima 737-0112, Japan
| | - Jumpei Matsuoka
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hiroshima International University, 5-1-1 Hiro-koshingai, Kure, Hiroshima 737-0112, Japan
| | - Takami Wada
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hiroshima International University, 5-1-1 Hiro-koshingai, Kure, Hiroshima 737-0112, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kasaoka
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hiroshima International University, 5-1-1 Hiro-koshingai, Kure, Hiroshima 737-0112, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yoshikawa
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hiroshima International University, 5-1-1 Hiro-koshingai, Kure, Hiroshima 737-0112, Japan
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16
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Punčochová K, Prajzlerová M, Beránek J, Štěpánek F. The impact of polymeric excipients on the particle size of poorly soluble drugs after pH-induced precipitation. Eur J Pharm Sci 2016; 95:138-144. [PMID: 27539142 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2016.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Revised: 07/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) with strongly pH-dependent aqueous solubility can face the problem of precipitating from solution when the pH changes from acidic in the stomach to neutral in the intestine. The present work investigates the effect of two polymeric excipients - polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and Soluplus - on the ability to either prevent precipitation, or to control the size distribution of precipitated particles when precipitation cannot be prevented. Two different APIs were compared, Dabigatran etexilate mesylate and Rilpivirine hydrochloride. The effect of excipient concentration on the precipitation behaviour during pH titration was systematically investigated and qualitatively different trends were observed: in case of Soluplus, which forms a micellar solution when critical micelle concentration is exceeded, precipitation was inhibited in the case of Dabigatran etexilate, which partitioned into the micelles. On the other hand, Rilpivirine precipitated independently of Soluplus concentration. In the case of PVP, which does not form micelles, precipitation could not be avoided. Increased polymer concentration, however prevented the aggregation of precipitated particles into larger cluster. The observed effect of PVP was especially pronounced for Rilpivirine. The main conclusion of this study is that a suitably chosen polymeric excipient can either prevent precipitation altogether or reduce the size of the resulting particles. The mechanism of action, however, seems-specific to a given molecule. It was also shown that the polymer-stabilised particles have a potential to redissolve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kateřina Punčochová
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Prague 6, Czech Republic; Zentiva, k.s., U Kabelovny 130, Prague 10, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Prajzlerová
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Beránek
- Zentiva, k.s., U Kabelovny 130, Prague 10, Czech Republic
| | - František Štěpánek
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Prague 6, Czech Republic.
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17
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Bramhane DM, Kulkarni PA, Martis EAF, Pissurlenkar RRS, Coutinho EC, Nagarsenker MS. Characterization of pioglitazone cyclodextrin complexes: Molecular modeling to in vivo evaluation. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2016; 8:161-9. [PMID: 27134470 PMCID: PMC4832908 DOI: 10.4103/0975-7406.171680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims: The objective of present study was to study the influence of different β-cyclodextrin derivatives and different methods of complexation on aqueous solubility and consequent translation in in vivo performance of Pioglitazone (PE). Material and Methods: Three cyclodextrins: β-cyclodextrin (BCD), hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPBCD) and Sulfobutylether-7-β-cyclodextrin (SBEBCD) were employed in preparation of 1:1 Pioglitazone complexes by three methods viz. co-grinding, kneading and co-evaporation. Complexation was confirmed by phase solubility, proton NMR, Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy, Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and X-Ray diffraction (XRD). Mode of complexation was investigated by molecular dynamic studies. Pharmacodynamic study of blood glucose lowering activity of PE complexes was performed in Alloxan induced diabetic rat model. Results: Aqueous solubility of PE was significantly improved in presence of cyclodextrin. Apparent solubility constants were observed to be 254.33 M–1 for BCD-PE, 737.48 M–1 for HPBCD-PE and 5959.06 M–1 for SBEBCD-PE. The in silico predictions of mode of inclusion were in close agreement with the experimental proton NMR observation. DSC and XRD demonstrated complete amorphization of crystalline PE upon inclusion. All complexes exhibited >95% dissolution within 10 min compared to drug powder that showed <40% at the same time. Marked lowering of blood glucose was recorded for all complexes. Conclusion: Complexation of PE with different BCD significantly influenced its aqueous solubility, improved in vitro dissolution and consequently translated into enhanced pharmacodynamic activity in rats
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh M Bramhane
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Bombay College of Pharmacy, Kalina, Santacruz East, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Preethi A Kulkarni
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Bombay College of Pharmacy, Kalina, Santacruz East, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Elvis A F Martis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Bombay College of Pharmacy, Kalina, Santacruz East, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Raghuvir R S Pissurlenkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Bombay College of Pharmacy, Kalina, Santacruz East, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Evans C Coutinho
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Bombay College of Pharmacy, Kalina, Santacruz East, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Mangal S Nagarsenker
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Bombay College of Pharmacy, Kalina, Santacruz East, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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18
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Chang LC, Kang JJ, Gau CS. The evolution and challenges for the international harmonization of the regulation of pharmaceutical excipients in Taiwan. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2015; 73:947-52. [PMID: 26387930 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2015.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Revised: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Excipients, once considered an inert component, have been shown to greatly influence the characteristics of the drug product, such as quality and safety. Functionality-related characteristics of excipients could affect the performance of the drug product. Moreover, the impact of globalization has complicated the issue and made the supervision of supply chain highly important. Taiwan, a member of the Pharmaceutical Inspection Convention and Pharmaceutical Inspection Co-operation Scheme, makes efforts to harmonize with international regulations and to strengthen the protection of patients through regulatory controls. In order to improve the harmonization and the transparency of regulatory requirements, the aim of the present study was to investigate the regulatory framework and considerations of stringent regulatory authorities and to propose the draft regulatory requirements to the Taiwan Food and Drug Administration for jurisdiction. The proposal which was extensively discussed in the expert committee includes the regulatory considerations to ensure the safety and quality of the excipients and may serve as a platform to facilitate the communication with industries about the current thinking on related issues. Moreover, through the review of the recent guidelines published by the stringent regulatory authorities, the trend of the regulatory considerations was revealed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Chau Chang
- Center for Drug Evaluation, 3F, No.465, Sec.6, Zhongxiao E. Rd., Taipei 11557, Taiwan.
| | - Jaw-Jou Kang
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No.1, Sec.1, Jen Ai Rd., Taipei 10051, Taiwan.
| | - Churn-Shiouh Gau
- Center for Drug Evaluation, 3F, No.465, Sec.6, Zhongxiao E. Rd., Taipei 11557, Taiwan.
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