1
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Dahl K, Raun K, Hansen JL, Poulsen C, de la Cour CD, Clausen TR, Hansen AMK, John LM, Plesner A, Sun G, Schlein M, Skyggebjerg RB, Kruse T. NN1213 - A Potent, Long-Acting, and Selective Analog of Human Amylin. J Med Chem 2024; 67:11688-11700. [PMID: 38960379 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c00022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Amylin, a member of the calcitonin family, acts via amylin receptors in the hindbrain and hypothalamus to suppress appetite. Native ligands of these receptors are peptides with short half-lives. Conjugating fatty acids to these peptides can increase their half-lives. The long-acting human amylin analog, NN1213, was generated from structure-activity efforts optimizing solubility, stability, receptor affinity, and selectivity, as well as in vivo potency and clearance. In both rats and dogs, a single dose of NN1213 reduced appetite in a dose-dependent manner and with a long duration of action. Consistent with the effect on appetite, studies in obese rats demonstrated that daily NN1213 dosing resulted in a dose-dependent reduction in body weight over a 21-day period. Magnetic resonance imaging indicated that this was primarily driven by loss of fat mass. Based on these data, NN1213 could be considered an attractive option for weight management in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten Dahl
- Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Nordisk Park, DK-2760 Maaloev, Denmark
| | - Kirsten Raun
- Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Nordisk Park, DK-2760 Maaloev, Denmark
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Linu M John
- Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Nordisk Park, DK-2760 Maaloev, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk China, Novo Nordisk Research Center China, Building 2, 20 Life Science Park Road, Changping District, 102206 Beijing, China
| | - Annette Plesner
- Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Nordisk Park, DK-2760 Maaloev, Denmark
| | - Gao Sun
- Novo Nordisk China, Novo Nordisk Research Center China, Building 2, 20 Life Science Park Road, Changping District, 102206 Beijing, China
| | - Morten Schlein
- Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Nordisk Park, DK-2760 Maaloev, Denmark
| | | | - Thomas Kruse
- Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Nordisk Park, DK-2760 Maaloev, Denmark
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2
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Niloy KK, Lowe TL. Injectable systems for long-lasting insulin therapy. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 203:115121. [PMID: 37898336 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.115121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
Insulin therapy is the mainstay to treat diabetes characterizedd by hyperglycemia. However, its short half-life of only 4-6 min limits its effectiveness in treating chronic diabetes. Advances in recombinant DNA technology and protein engineering have led to several insulin analogue products that have up to 42 h of glycemic control. However, these insulin analogues still require once- or twice-daily injections for optimal glycemic control and have poor patient compliance and adherence issues. To achieve insulin release for more than one day, different injectable delivery systems including microspheres, in situ forming depots, nanoparticles and composite systems have been developed. Several of these delivery systems have advanced to clinical trials for once-weekly insulin injection. This review comprehensively summarizes the developments of injectable insulin analogs and delivery systems covering the whole field of injectable long-lasting insulin technologies from prototype design, preclinical studies, clinical trials to marketed products for the treatment of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumar Kulldeep Niloy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA.
| | - Tao L Lowe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Fischell Department of Bioengineering, A. James Clark School of Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
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3
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Mallegni N, Milazzo M, Cristallini C, Barbani N, Fredi G, Dorigato A, Cinelli P, Danti S. Characterization of Cyclic Olefin Copolymers for Insulin Reservoir in an Artificial Pancreas. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:jfb14030145. [PMID: 36976069 PMCID: PMC10053537 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14030145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Type-1 diabetes is one of the most prevalent metabolic disorders worldwide. It results in a significant lack of insulin production by the pancreas and the ensuing hyperglycemia, which needs to be regulated through a tailored administration of insulin throughout the day. Recent studies have shown great advancements in developing an implantable artificial pancreas. However, some improvements are still required, including the optimal biomaterials and technologies to produce the implantable insulin reservoir. Here, we discuss the employment of two types of cyclic olefin copolymers (Topas 5013L-10 and Topas 8007S-04) for an insulin reservoir fabrication. After a preliminary thermomechanical analysis, Topas 8007S-04 was selected as the best material to fabricate a 3D-printed insulin reservoir due to its higher strength and lower glass transition temperature (Tg). Fiber deposition modeling was used to manufacture a reservoir-like structure, which was employed to assess the ability of the material to prevent insulin aggregation. Although the surface texture presents a localized roughness, the ultraviolet analysis did not detect any significant insulin aggregation over a timeframe of 14 days. These interesting results make Topas 8007S-04 cyclic olefin copolymer a potential candidate biomaterial for fabricating structural components in an implantable artificial pancreas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norma Mallegni
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Largo Lucio Lazzarino, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- National Interuniversity Consortium for Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), Via Giuseppe Giusti 9, 50121 Florence, Italy
| | - Mario Milazzo
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Largo Lucio Lazzarino, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- National Interuniversity Consortium for Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), Via Giuseppe Giusti 9, 50121 Florence, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (S.D.)
| | - Caterina Cristallini
- National Interuniversity Consortium for Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), Via Giuseppe Giusti 9, 50121 Florence, Italy
- Institute for Chemical and Physical Processes (IPCF), National Council of Researches (CNR), Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 1, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Niccoletta Barbani
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Largo Lucio Lazzarino, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- National Interuniversity Consortium for Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), Via Giuseppe Giusti 9, 50121 Florence, Italy
- Institute for Chemical and Physical Processes (IPCF), National Council of Researches (CNR), Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 1, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Giulia Fredi
- National Interuniversity Consortium for Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), Via Giuseppe Giusti 9, 50121 Florence, Italy
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Andrea Dorigato
- National Interuniversity Consortium for Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), Via Giuseppe Giusti 9, 50121 Florence, Italy
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Patrizia Cinelli
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Largo Lucio Lazzarino, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- National Interuniversity Consortium for Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), Via Giuseppe Giusti 9, 50121 Florence, Italy
| | - Serena Danti
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Largo Lucio Lazzarino, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- National Interuniversity Consortium for Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), Via Giuseppe Giusti 9, 50121 Florence, Italy
- Institute for Chemical and Physical Processes (IPCF), National Council of Researches (CNR), Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 1, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (S.D.)
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4
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Tavakoli M, Ghadami SA, Adibi H, Gulcan HO. Synthesis of benzylidene-benzofuranone derivatives as probes for detection of amyloid fibrils in cells. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:14989-15002. [PMID: 36866639 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2184635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
Aggregated protein is the common cause of a wide variety of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease, etc. It is proven that protein aggregation like amyloid β (Aβ) is one of the critical factors causing AD and, its diagnosis in the early stages of the disease is important for the treatment or prevention of AD. To have a better understanding of protein aggregation and its pathologies, there is a huge need to design and develop new and more trustworthy probe molecules for in vitro amyloid quantification and in vivo amyloid imaging. In this study, 17 new biomarker compounds, have been synthesized from benzofuranone derivatives, to detect and identify amyloid in vitro (dye-binding assay) as well as in the cell by staining method. According to the results, some of these synthetic derivatives can be considered suitable identifiers and quantifiers to detect amyloid fibrils in vitro. Compared to thioflavin T, 4 probes out of 17 probes have shown good results in selectivity and detectability of Aβ depositions, and their binding properties were also confirmed with in silico analysis. The drug-likeness prediction results for selected compounds by the Swiss ADME server show a satisfactory percentage of blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability and gastrointestinal (GI) absorption. Among all of them, compound 10 was able to show better binding properties than others, and in vivo study showed that this compound was capable of detecting intracellular amyloid.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Tavakoli
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Eastern Mediterranean University, TRNC, Famagusta, Turkey
| | | | - Hadi Adibi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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5
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Identification and characterization of chemical and physical stability of insulin formulations utilizing degraded glycerol after repeated use and storage. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2022; 177:147-156. [PMID: 35779744 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2022.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Insulin treatment is currently considered to be the main strategy for controlling diabetes. Although the recombinant insulin formulation is relatively mature, we found that a batch of insulin formulation exhibited an unusual degradation rate in the stability experiment. The main purposes of this article are to identify the root cause for this phenomenon and characterize of chemical and physical degradation products. We compared the chemical and physical stability of two batches of insulin formulations prepared separately with simulated repeated use and freshly opened glycerol. The chemical stability of insulin was identified by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC- MS/MS). Micro-flow imaging (MFI), far-ultraviolet circular dichroism (Far-UV CD) and Thioflavin T (ThT) fluorescent assays were used to reveal protein aggregation and fibrosis. The chemical and physical stability of the insulin formulation with newly opened glycerol was much better than that with degraded glycerol, and both groups of formulations were extremely sensitive to light. The results indicated that the original batch insulin formulation with abnormal stability was indeed caused by the excipient glycerol after long-term storage and repeated usage. More attention should be paid to the quality changes of excipients during repeated usage and storage of excipients for the practical purpose. Moreover, we have discovered a novel degradation pathway for insulin and peptides in general. In addition, LC-MS/MS results suggested that the N-terminus of insulin B-chain was prone to chemical degradation which enlightens that it could be potentially modified to improve the stability of insulin formulations.
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6
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Simonsen L, Lau J, Kruse T, Guo T, McGuire J, Jeppesen JF, Niss K, Sauerberg P, Raun K, Dornonville de la Cour C. Preclinical evaluation of a protracted GLP-1/glucagon receptor co-agonist: Translational difficulties and pitfalls. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0264974. [PMID: 35245328 PMCID: PMC8896685 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
During recent years combining GLP-1 and glucagon receptor agonism with the purpose of achieving superior weight loss and metabolic control compared to GLP-1 alone has received much attention. The superior efficacy has been shown by several in preclinical models but has been difficult to reproduce in humans. In this paper, we present the pre-clinical evaluation of NN1177, a long-acting GLP-1/glucagon receptor co-agonist previously tested in clinical trials. To further investigate the contribution from the respective receptors, two other co-agonists (NN1151, NN1359) with different GLP-1-to-glucagon receptor ratios were evaluated in parallel. In the process of characterizing NN1177, species differences and pitfalls in traditional pre-clinical evaluation methods were identified, highlighting the translational challenges in predicting the optimal receptor balance in humans. In diet-induced obese (DIO) mice, NN1177 induced a dose-dependent body weight loss, primarily due to loss of fat mass, and improvement in glucose tolerance. In DIO rats, NN1177 induced a comparable total body weight reduction, which was in contrast mainly caused by loss of lean mass, and glucose tolerance was impaired. Furthermore, despite long half-lives of the three co-agonists, glucose control during steady state was seen to depend on compound exposure at time of evaluation. When evaluated at higher compound exposure, glucose tolerance was similarly improved for all three co-agonists, independent of receptor balance. However, at lower compound exposure, glucose tolerance was gradually impaired with higher glucagon receptor preference. In addition, glucose tolerance was found to depend on study duration where the effect of glucagon on glucose control became more evident with time. To conclude, the pharmacodynamic effects at a given GLP-1-to-glucagon ratio differs between species, depends on compound exposure and study length, complicating the identification of an optimally balanced clinical candidate. The present findings could partly explain the low number of clinical successes for this dual agonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lotte Simonsen
- Global Obesity & Liver Disease Research, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark
| | - Jesper Lau
- Research Chemistry, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark
| | - Thomas Kruse
- Research Chemistry, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark
| | - Tingqing Guo
- Discovery Biology, Novo Nordisk Research Centre, Beijing, China
| | - Jim McGuire
- Incretin Biology, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark
| | | | - Kristoffer Niss
- Bioinformatics & Data Mining, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark
| | - Per Sauerberg
- Project and Alliance Management, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark
| | - Kirsten Raun
- Global Obesity & Liver Disease Research, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark
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7
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Milewska M, Milewski A, Wandzik I, Stenzel MH. Structurally analogous trehalose and sucrose glycopolymers – comparative characterization and evaluation of their effects on insulin fibrillation. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py01517f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Comprehensive comparative characterization of highly structurally similar, RAFT-prepared trehalose and sucrose glycopolymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Milewska
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Krzywoustego 4, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
- Biotechnology Center, Silesian University of Technology, Krzywoustego 8, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Andrzej Milewski
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Krzywoustego 6, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Ilona Wandzik
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Krzywoustego 4, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
- Biotechnology Center, Silesian University of Technology, Krzywoustego 8, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Martina H. Stenzel
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design, School of Chemistry, UNSW, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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8
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Kruse T, Hansen JL, Dahl K, Schäffer L, Sensfuss U, Poulsen C, Schlein M, Hansen AMK, Jeppesen CB, Dornonville de la Cour C, Clausen TR, Johansson E, Fulle S, Skyggebjerg RB, Raun K. Development of Cagrilintide, a Long-Acting Amylin Analogue. J Med Chem 2021; 64:11183-11194. [PMID: 34288673 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
A hallmark of the pancreatic hormone amylin is its high propensity toward the formation of amyloid fibrils, which makes it a challenging drug design effort. The amylin analogue pramlintide is commercially available for diabetes treatment as an adjunct to insulin therapy but requires three daily injections due to its short half-life. We report here the development of the stable, lipidated long-acting amylin analogue cagrilintide (23) and some of the structure-activity efforts that led to the selection of this analogue for clinical development with obesity as an indication. Cagrilintide is currently in clinical trial and has induced significant weight loss when dosed alone or in combination with the GLP-1 analogue semaglutide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Kruse
- Novo Nordisk, Novo Nordisk Park, DK-2760 Maaloev, Denmark
| | | | - Kirsten Dahl
- Novo Nordisk, Novo Nordisk Park, DK-2760 Maaloev, Denmark
| | - Lauge Schäffer
- Novo Nordisk, Novo Nordisk Park, DK-2760 Maaloev, Denmark
| | | | | | - Morten Schlein
- Novo Nordisk, Novo Nordisk Park, DK-2760 Maaloev, Denmark
| | | | | | | | | | - Eva Johansson
- Novo Nordisk, Novo Nordisk Park, DK-2760 Maaloev, Denmark
| | - Simone Fulle
- Novo Nordisk, Novo Nordisk Park, DK-2760 Maaloev, Denmark
| | | | - Kirsten Raun
- Novo Nordisk, Novo Nordisk Park, DK-2760 Maaloev, Denmark
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9
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Poulsen C, Pedersen MØ, Wahlund PO, Sjölander A, Thomsen JK, Conde-Frieboes KW, Paulsson JF, Wulff BS, Østergaard S. Rational Development of Stable PYY 3-36 Peptide Y 2 Receptor Agonists. Pharm Res 2021; 38:1369-1385. [PMID: 34272643 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-021-03077-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The anorectic effect of PYY3-36 makes it a potential pharmacological weight loss treatment. Modifications of the endogenous peptide to obtain commercially attractive pharmacological and biophysical stability properties are examined. METHODS Half-life extended PYY3-36 analogues were prepared and examined regarding Y2-receptor potency as well as biophysical and stability properties. RESULTS Deamidation of asparagine in position 18 and 29 was observed upon incubation at 37°C. Asparagine in position 18 - but not position 29 - could be substituted to glutamine without detrimental effects on Y2-receptor potency. Covalent dimers were formed via the phenol impurity benzoquinone reacting with two N-terminal residues (Isoleucine-Lysine). Both residues had to be modified to suppress dimerization, which could be done without negatively affecting Y2-receptor potency or other stability/biophysical properties. Introduction of half-life extending modifications in position 30 and 35 eliminated aggregation at 37°C without negatively affecting other stability properties. Placement of a protracting moiety (fatty acid) in the receptor-binding C-terminal region reduced Y2-receptor potency substantially, whereas only minor effects of protractor position were observed on structural, biophysical or stability properties. Lipidated PYY3-36 analogues formed oligomers of various sizes depending on primary structure and solution conditions. CONCLUSIONS By rational design, a chemically and physically stable Y2-receptor selective, half-life extended PYY3-36 peptide has been developed.
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10
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Mori W, Yuzu K, Lobsiger N, Nishioka H, Sato H, Nagase T, Iwaya K, Lindgren M, Zako T. Degradation of insulin amyloid by antibiotic minocycline and formation of toxic intermediates. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6857. [PMID: 33767265 PMCID: PMC7994847 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86001-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin balls, localized insulin amyloids formed at subcutaneous insulin-injection sites in patients with diabetes, cause poor glycemic control owing to impairments in insulin absorption. Our previous study has shown that some insulin balls are cytotoxic, but others are not, implying amyloid polymorphism. Interestingly, the patient with toxic insulin balls had been treated with antibiotic minocycline, suggesting a possible relationship between toxicity of insulin balls and minocycline. However, the direct effect of minocycline on the structure and cytotoxicity of the insulin amyloid is still unclear. Herein, we demonstrated that that minocycline at physiological concentrations induced degradation of insulin amyloids formed from human insulin and insulin drug preparations used for diabetes patients. Interestingly, the process involved the initial appearance of the toxic species, which subsequently changed into less-toxic species. It is also shown that the structure of the toxic species was similar to that of sonicated fragments of human insulin amyloids. Our study shed new light on the clarification of the revelation of insulin balls and the development of the insulin analogs for diabetes therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wakako Mori
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University, Ehime, 790-8577, Japan
| | - Keisuke Yuzu
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University, Ehime, 790-8577, Japan
| | - Nadine Lobsiger
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University, Ehime, 790-8577, Japan
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zürich, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Hideo Nishioka
- Application Management Department, JEOL Ltd, Tokyo, 196-8558, Japan
| | - Hisako Sato
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University, Ehime, 790-8577, Japan
| | - Terumasa Nagase
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Center, Ibaraki, 3000395, Japan
| | - Keiichi Iwaya
- Department of Pathology, SASAKI Institute, Kyoundo Hospital, Tokyo, 101-0062, Japan
| | - Mikael Lindgren
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Tamotsu Zako
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University, Ehime, 790-8577, Japan.
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11
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Meis CM, Grosskopf AK, Correa S, Appel EA. Injectable Supramolecular Polymer-Nanoparticle Hydrogels for Cell and Drug Delivery Applications. J Vis Exp 2021:10.3791/62234. [PMID: 33616104 PMCID: PMC8104931 DOI: 10.3791/62234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
These methods describe how to formulate injectable, supramolecular polymer-nanoparticle (PNP) hydrogels for use as biomaterials. PNP hydrogels are composed of two components: hydrophobically modified cellulose as the network polymer and self-assembled core-shell nanoparticles that act as non-covalent cross linkers through dynamic, multivalent interactions. These methods describe both the formation of these self-assembled nanoparticles through nanoprecipitation as well as the formulation and mixing of the two components to form hydrogels with tunable mechanical properties. The use of dynamic light scattering (DLS) and rheology to characterize the quality of the synthesized materials is also detailed. Finally, the utility of these hydrogels for drug delivery, biopharmaceutical stabilization, and cell encapsulation and delivery is demonstrated through in vitro experiments to characterize drug release, thermal stability, and cell settling and viability. Due to its biocompatibility, injectability, and mild gel formation conditions, this hydrogel system is a readily tunable platform suitable for a range of biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine M Meis
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Stanford University
| | | | - Santiago Correa
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Stanford University
| | - Eric A Appel
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Stanford University; Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University; Department of Pediatrics - Endocrinology, Stanford University;
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12
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Meis CM, Salzman EE, Maikawa CL, Smith AAA, Mann JL, Grosskopf AK, Appel EA. Self-Assembled, Dilution-Responsive Hydrogels for Enhanced Thermal Stability of Insulin Biopharmaceuticals. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 7:4221-4229. [PMID: 34510910 PMCID: PMC8441967 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c01306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Biotherapeutics currently dominate
the landscape of new drugs because
of their exceptional potency and selectivity. Yet, the intricate molecular
structures that give rise to these beneficial qualities also render
them unstable in formulation. Hydrogels have shown potential as stabilizing
excipients for biotherapeutic drugs, providing protection against
harsh thermal conditions experienced during distribution and storage.
In this work, we report the utilization of a cellulose-based supramolecular
hydrogel formed from polymer–nanoparticle (PNP) interactions
to encapsulate and stabilize insulin, an important biotherapeutic
used widely to treat diabetes. Encapsulation of insulin in these hydrogels
prevents insulin aggregation and maintains insulin bioactivity through
stressed aging conditions of elevated temperature and continuous agitation
for over 28 days. Further, insulin can be easily recovered by dilution
of these hydrogels for administration at the point of care. This supramolecular
hydrogel system shows promise as a stabilizing excipient to reduce
the cold chain dependence of insulin and other biotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine M Meis
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Stanford University, 496 Lomita Mall, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Erika E Salzman
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Stanford University, 496 Lomita Mall, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Caitlin L Maikawa
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, 443 Via Ortega, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Anton A A Smith
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Stanford University, 496 Lomita Mall, Stanford, California 94305, United States.,Department of Science and Technology, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Joseph L Mann
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Stanford University, 496 Lomita Mall, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Abigail K Grosskopf
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, 443 Via Ortega, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Eric A Appel
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Stanford University, 496 Lomita Mall, Stanford, California 94305, United States.,Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, 443 Via Ortega, Stanford, California 94305, United States.,Department of Pediatrics-Endocrinology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, California 94305, United States.,ChEM-H Institute, Stanford University, 290 Jane Stanford Way, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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Kung JCK, Vurgun N, Chen JC, Nitz M, Jockusch RA. Intrinsic Turn‐On Response of Thioflavin T in Complexes. Chemistry 2020; 26:3479-3483. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201905100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jocky C. K. Kung
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Toronto 80 St. George Street Toronto M5S 3H6 Canada
| | - Nesrin Vurgun
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Toronto 80 St. George Street Toronto M5S 3H6 Canada
| | - JoAnn C. Chen
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Toronto 80 St. George Street Toronto M5S 3H6 Canada
| | - Mark Nitz
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Toronto 80 St. George Street Toronto M5S 3H6 Canada
| | - Rebecca A. Jockusch
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Toronto 80 St. George Street Toronto M5S 3H6 Canada
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Ratha BN, Kar RK, Bednarikova Z, Gazova Z, Kotler SA, Raha S, De S, Maiti NC, Bhunia A. Molecular Details of a Salt Bridge and Its Role in Insulin Fibrillation by NMR and Raman Spectroscopic Analysis. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:1125-1136. [PMID: 31958230 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b10349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Insulin, a simple polypeptide hormone with huge biological importance, has long been known to self-assemble in vitro and form amyloid-like fibrillar aggregates. Utilizing high-resolution NMR, Raman spectroscopy, and computational analysis, we demonstrate that the fluctuation of the carboxyl terminal (C-ter) residues of the insulin B-chain plays a key role in the growth phase of insulin aggregation. By comparing the insulin sourced from bovine, human, and the modified glargine (GI), we observed reduced aggregation propensity in the GI variant, resulting from two additional Arg residues at its C-ter. NMR analysis showed atomic contacts and residue-specific interactions, particularly the salt bridge and H-bond formed among the C-ter residues Arg31B, Lys29B, and Glu4A. These inter-residue interactions were reflected in strong nuclear Overhauser effects among Arg31BδH-Glu4AδH and Lys29BδHs-Glu4AδH in GI, as well as the associated downfield chemical shift of several A-chain amino terminal (N-ter) residues. The two additional Arg residues of GI, Arg31B and Arg32B, enhanced the stability of the GI native structure by strengthening the Arg31B, Lys29B, and Glu4A salt bridge, thus reducing extensive thermal distortion and fluctuation of the terminal residues. The high stability of the salt bridge retards tertiary collapse, a crucial biochemical event for oligomerization and subsequent fibril formation. Circular dichroism and Raman spectroscopic measurement also suggest slow structural distortion in the early phase of the aggregation of GI because of the restricted mobility of the C-ter residues as explained by NMR. In addition, the structural and dynamic parameters derived from molecular dynamics simulations of insulin variants highlight the role of residue-specific contacts in aggregation and amyloid-like fibril formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhisma N Ratha
- Department of Biophysics , Bose Institute , P-1/12 CIT Scheme VII (M) , Kolkata 700054 , India
| | - Rajiv K Kar
- Department of Biophysics , Bose Institute , P-1/12 CIT Scheme VII (M) , Kolkata 700054 , India
| | - Zuzana Bednarikova
- Department of Biophysics , Institute of Experimental Physics Slovak Academy of Sciences , Kosice 040 01 , Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Gazova
- Department of Biophysics , Institute of Experimental Physics Slovak Academy of Sciences , Kosice 040 01 , Slovakia
| | - Samuel A Kotler
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences , National Institutes of Health , Rockville , Maryland 20850 , United States
| | - Sreyan Raha
- Department of Physics , Bose Institute , 93/1 APC Road , Kolkata 700009 , India
| | - Soumya De
- School of Bioscience , IIT Kharagpur , Kharagpur 721302 , India
| | - Nakul C Maiti
- Division Structural Biology and Bioinformatics , CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology , Kolkata 700032 , India
| | - Anirban Bhunia
- Department of Biophysics , Bose Institute , P-1/12 CIT Scheme VII (M) , Kolkata 700054 , India
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15
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Characterization of arginine preventive effect on heat-induced aggregation of insulin. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 145:1039-1048. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.09.196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Falk BT, Liang Y, McCoy MA. Profiling Insulin Oligomeric States by 1H NMR Spectroscopy for Formulation Development of Ultra-Rapid-Acting Insulin. J Pharm Sci 2019; 109:922-926. [PMID: 31449814 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2019.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Formulations that can increase the dissociation of insulin oligomers into monomers/dimers are important considerations in the development of ultra-rapid-acting insulins with faster onset and shorter duration of actions. Here we present a novel strategy to characterize the oligomeric states of insulin in solution that leverages the ability of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to assess higher-order structure of proteins in solution. The oligomeric structures and solution behaviors of 2 fast-acting insulins, aspart and lispro, with varying excipient concentrations were studied using 1D and diffusion profiling methods. These methods can provide insight on the structural differences and distributions of the molecular association states in different insulin formulations, which is consistent with other orthogonal biophysical characterization tools. In addition, these methods also highlight their sensitivity to subtle changes in solution behaviors in response to excipient that are difficult to monitor with other tools. This work introduces the utility of 1D and diffusion profiling methods to characterize the oligomeric assembly of fast-acting insulins, suggesting promising applications in compound screening, excipient selection, and formulation development of fast-acting insulins as well as other peptide or protein therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley T Falk
- Mass Spectrometry and Biophysics, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033
| | - Yingkai Liang
- Discovery Pharmaceutical Sciences, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania 19486
| | - Mark A McCoy
- Mass Spectrometry and Biophysics, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033.
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Iacovacci V, Tamadon I, Rocchi M, Dario P, Menciassi A. Toward Dosing Precision and Insulin Stability in an Artificial Pancreas System. J Med Device 2019. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4042459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
A fully implantable artificial pancreas (AP) still represents the holy grail for diabetes treatment. The quest for efficient miniaturized implantable insulin pumps, able to accurately regulate the blood glucose profile and to keep insulin stability, is still persistent. This work describes the design and testing of a microinjection system connected to a variable volume insulin reservoir devised to favor insulin stability during storage. The design, the constitutive materials, and the related fabrication techniques were selected to favor insulin stability by avoiding—or at least limiting—hormone aggregation. We compared substrates made of nylon 6 and Teflon, provided with different surface roughness values due to the employed fabrication procedures (i.e., standard machining and spray deposition). Insulin stability was tested in a worst case condition for 14 days, and pumping system reliability and repeatability in dosing were tested over an entire reservoir emptying cycle. We found that nylon 6 guarantees a higher insulin stability than Teflon and that independent of the material used, larger roughness determines a higher amount of insulin aggregates. A dedicated rotary pump featured by a 1-μL delivery resolution was developed and connected through a proper gear mechanism to a variable volume air-tight insulin reservoir. The microinjection system was also able to operate in a reverse mode to enable the refilling of the implanted reservoir. The developed system represents a fundamental building block toward the development of a fully implantable AP and could be advantageously integrated even in different implantable drug delivery apparatus (e.g., for pain management).
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Iacovacci
- The BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Viale R. Piaggio 34, Pontedera (Pisa), 56025, Italy e-mail:
| | - Izadyar Tamadon
- The BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Viale R. Piaggio 34, Pontedera (Pisa), 56025, Italy
| | - Matteo Rocchi
- The BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Viale R. Piaggio 34, Pontedera (Pisa), 56025, Italy
| | - Paolo Dario
- The BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Viale R. Piaggio 34, Pontedera (Pisa), 56025, Italy
| | - Arianna Menciassi
- The BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Viale R. Piaggio 34, Pontedera (Pisa), 56025, Italy
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Chen Y, Hua Y, Zhang W, Tang C, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Qiu F. Amyloid-like staining property of RADA16-I nanofibers and its potential application in detecting and imaging the nanomaterial. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:2477-2489. [PMID: 29719395 PMCID: PMC5922240 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s159785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Designer self-assembling peptide nanofibers (SAPNFs) as a novel kind of emerging nanomaterial have received more and more attention in the field of nanomedicine in recent years. However, a simple method to monitor and image SAPNFs is still currently absent. Methods RADA16-I, a well-studied ionic complementary peptide was used as a model to check potential amyloid-like staining properties of SAPNFs. Thioflavin-T (ThT) and Congo red (CR) as specific dyes for amyloid-like fibrils were used to stain RADA16-I nanofibers in solution, combined with drugs or cells, or injected in vivo as hydrogels. Fluorescent spectrometry and fluorescent microscopy were used to check ThT-binding property, and polarized light microscopy was used to check CR-staining property. Results ThT binding with the nanofibers showed enhanced and blue-shifted fluorescence, and specific apple-green birefringence could be observed after the nanofibers were stained with CR. Based on these properties we further showed that ThT-binding fluorescence intensity could be used to monitor the forming and changing of nanofibers in solution, while fluorescent microscopy and polarized light microscopy could be used to image the nanofibers as material for drug delivery, 3D cell culture, and tissue regeneration. Conclusion Our results may provide convenient and reliable tools for detecting SAPNFs, which would be helpful for understanding their self-assembling process and exploring their applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongzhu Chen
- Periodical Press of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yusi Hua
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wensheng Zhang
- Laboratory of Anaesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Translational Neuroscience Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chengkang Tang
- Core Facility of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Core Facility of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yujun Zhang
- Laboratory of Anaesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Translational Neuroscience Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Feng Qiu
- Laboratory of Anaesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Translational Neuroscience Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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