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Zhao X, Li S, Xiang Z. Veratrum nigrum L.: A comprehensive review of ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics and metabolism, toxicity, and incompatibility. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 331:118219. [PMID: 38663784 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Veratrum nigrum L. (V. nigrum) is a well-known herb with a lengthy history of use in Asian and European countries. V. nigrum has been traditionally used to treat epilepsy, hypertension, malignant sores, and stroke, and it possesses emetic and insecticide properties. AIM OF THE REVIEW This review summarized the ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics and metabolism, and toxicity of V. nigrum as well as its incompatibility with other herbs. Current challenges in the use of V. nigrum and possible future research directions were also discussed. MATERIALS AND METHODS Information on V. nigrum was collected from electronic databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, CNKI, and WanFang DATA; Masterpieces of Traditional Chinese Medicine; local Chinese Materia Medica Standards; and relevant documents. RESULTS In ethnomedical practice, V. nigrum has been used as an emetic and insecticide. Approximately 137 compounds have been isolated from V. nigrum, including alkaloids, stilbenes, flavonoids, organic acids, and esters. Its crude extracts and compounds have shown various effects, including anticancer, hypotensive, insecticidal, and antimicrobial activities as well as the ability to improve hemorheological abnormalities. Pharmacokinetic studies have indicated that veratramine (VAM) and jervine have high bioavailability and possibly enterohepatic circulation. In addition, the sex-related pharmacokinetic differences in V. nigrum alkaloids warrant further attention. Toxicological studies have indicated that cevanine-type alkaloids and VAM may be the main toxic components of V. nigrum, and purine metabolism disorders may be related to V. nigrum toxicity. Furthermore, the neurotoxicity and embryotoxicity of V. nigrum have also been observed. The quality control of V. nigrum and the mechanism underlying its incompatibility with other herbs also deserve further research and refinement. CONCLUSION This review summarized the existing information on V. nigrum, laying the foundation for further studies on this herb and its safe use. Among the various compounds present in V. nigrum, steroid alkaloids are the most numerous and have high content; furthermore, they are closely related to the pharmacological effects of V. nigrum, but their toxicity can not also be ignored. Given that toxicity is a critical issue limiting the clinical application of V. nigrum, more toxicological studies on V. nigrum and its active ingredients, especially steroid alkaloids, should be conducted in the future to further explore its toxicity targets and the underlying mechanisms and to provide more evidence and recommendations to enhance the safety of its clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Zhao
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Rood, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Shiyang Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Zedong Xiang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Rood, Shanghai, 201203, China
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Zhang Y, Ye G, Chen Y, Sheng C, Wang J, Kong L, Yuan L, Lin C. Veratramine ameliorates pain symptoms in rats with diabetic peripheral neuropathy by inhibiting activation of the SIGMAR1-NMDAR pathway. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2022; 60:2145-2154. [PMID: 36373991 PMCID: PMC9665081 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2022.2136207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Veratramine may have a potential therapeutic effect for diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether veratramine ameliorates neuropathic pain in a rat diabetic model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats were used for a diabetic model induced by a streptozotocin + high-fat diet. Two months after the induction of the diabetic model, the rats with DPN were screened according to the mechanical pain threshold. The rats with DPN were divided into a model group (n = 12) and a treated group (n = 12). Rats with diabetes, but without peripheral neuropathy, were used in the vehicle group (n = 9). The treatment group received 50 μg/kg veratramine via the tail vein once a day for 4 weeks. During modelling and treatment, rats in all three groups were fed a high-fat diet. RESULTS The mechanical withdrawal threshold increased from 7.5 ± 1.9 N to 17.9 ± 2.6 N in DPN rats treated with veratramine. The tolerance time of the treated group to hot and cold ectopic pain increased from 11.8 ± 4.2 s and 3.4 ± 0.8 s to 20.4 ± 4.1 s and 5.9 ± 1.7 s, respectively. Veratramine effectively alleviated L4-L5 spinal cord and sciatic nerve pathological injury. Veratramine inhibited the expression of SIGMAR1 and the phosphorylation of the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) Ser896 site in spinal cord tissue, as well as inhibited the formation of SIGMAR1-NMDAR and NMDAR-CaMKII complexes. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Veratramine may alleviate the occurrence of pain symptoms in rats with DPN by inhibiting activation of the SIGMAR1-NMDAR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ningbo No.6 Hospital, Ningbo, P. R. China
| | - Guangyao Ye
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ningbo No.6 Hospital, Ningbo, P. R. China
| | - Yuebo Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ningbo No.6 Hospital, Ningbo, P. R. China
| | - Chaoxu Sheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ningbo No.6 Hospital, Ningbo, P. R. China
| | - Jianlin Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ningbo No.6 Hospital, Ningbo, P. R. China
| | - Lingsi Kong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ningbo No.6 Hospital, Ningbo, P. R. China
| | - Liyong Yuan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ningbo No.6 Hospital, Ningbo, P. R. China
| | - Chunyan Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ningbo No.6 Hospital, Ningbo, P. R. China
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Huang H, Zhang EB, Yi OY, Wu H, Deng G, Huang YM, Liu WL, Yan JY, Cai X. Sex-related differences in safety profiles, pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of sinomenine hydrochloride in rats. Arch Toxicol 2022; 96:3245-3255. [PMID: 36040703 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-022-03368-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Sinomenine is a bioactive alkaloid isolated from the Chinese medicinal plant Sinomenium acutum (Thunb.) Rehd. et Wils which exhibits significant analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and immunosuppressive effects. Sinomenine hydrochloride (SH) preparations, classified as natural disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs, are currently available for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and other rheumatic diseases. Our toxicity evaluation demonstrated that the median lethal dose of SH in female Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats was over 11 times greater than that in male SD rats, revealing striking sex-linked differences in the safety profile of SH. The present study was designed to investigate differences in the pharmacokinetics (PKs) and tissue distribution of SH between male and female SD rats after a single oral dose of 25 mg/kg. PK and tissue distribution studies were performed using a validated UPLC-MS/MS method. The results showed that SH-treated SD female rats displayed markedly greater drug exposure, and SH exhibited a longer half-life and slower clearance rate than comparable studies in male rats. Moreover, the tissue distribution study confirmed that the sinomenine concentration in female rats was considerably greater in the internal organs than in male rats. Our study demonstrates, for the first time, significant sex-related differences in the safety profile and PKs of SH, which may be associated with a distinct sex-dependent metabolic mechanism of sinomenine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Huang
- Department of Rheumatology of the First Hospital and Institute of Innovation and Applied Research in Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410007, Hunan, China
| | - Er-Bing Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology of the First Hospital and Institute of Innovation and Applied Research in Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410007, Hunan, China.,Shenzhen Institute for Drug Control, Shenzhen, 518057, Guangdong, China
| | - Ou-Yang Yi
- Department of Rheumatology of the First Hospital and Institute of Innovation and Applied Research in Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410007, Hunan, China
| | - Han Wu
- Department of Rheumatology of the First Hospital and Institute of Innovation and Applied Research in Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410007, Hunan, China
| | - Guiming Deng
- Department of Rheumatology of the First Hospital and Institute of Innovation and Applied Research in Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410007, Hunan, China
| | - Yu-Ming Huang
- Hunan Zhengqing Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Huaihua, 418000, Hunan, China
| | - Wen-Liang Liu
- Shenzhen Institute for Drug Control, Shenzhen, 518057, Guangdong, China.
| | - Jian-Ye Yan
- Department of Rheumatology of the First Hospital and Institute of Innovation and Applied Research in Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410007, Hunan, China.
| | - Xiong Cai
- Department of Rheumatology of the First Hospital and Institute of Innovation and Applied Research in Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410007, Hunan, China.
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UPLC-MS/MS Method for the Simultaneous Quantification of Eight Compounds in Rat Plasma and Its Application to a Pharmacokinetic Study after Oral Administration of Veratrum (Veratrum nigrum L.) Extract. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:8883277. [PMID: 33134392 PMCID: PMC7593722 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8883277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Veratrum nigrum L. is a well-known traditional Chinese medicine with a lot of pharmacological activities including antihypertensive, anticancer, and antifungal effects. In the current experiment, a rapid and sensitive UPLC-MS/MS method that takes only 7 min run time has been established and validated for simultaneous determination of eight bioactive compounds including cyclopamine, jervine, veratramine, polydatin, quercetin, apigenin, resveratrol, and veratrosine in rat plasma. The chromatographic separation of analytes and internal standard was performed on a Phenyl-Hexyl column (2.1 × 100 mm, 1.7 μm) with the mobile phase consisting of water (0.1% formic acid) and acetonitrile at a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min. An electrospray ionization (ESI) source was used to detect the samples in both positive and negative ion modes. The intra- and interday precisions of the compounds were less than 9.5% and the accuracy ranged from -10.8% to 10.4%. The extraction recoveries of the compounds were in the range of 85.1 ± 1.5% to 102.6 ± 8.0%, and the matrix effect ranged from 91.2 ± 4.5% to 113.8 ± 1.5%. According to the results of the stability test, the eight compounds have good stability under various conditions and the relative standard deviation (RSD) less than 13.2%. The pharmacokinetic parameters of the eight compounds in rat plasma after oral administration of Veratrum nigrum L. extract were successfully determined by the established UPLC-MS/MS method.
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Metabolic mechanism and anti-inflammation effects of sinomenine and its major metabolites N-demethylsinomenine and sinomenine-N-oxide. Life Sci 2020; 261:118433. [PMID: 32950572 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Sinomenine (SIN) is clinically used as an anti-rheumatic drug. However, the metabolic and pharmacological mechanisms of SIN combined with its metabolites are unclear. This study aims to explore the cyclic metabolic mechanism of SIN, the anti-inflammation effects of SIN and its major metabolites (N-demethylsinomenine (DS) and sinomenine-N-oxide (SNO)), and the oxidation property of SNO. MATERIALS AND METHODS SIN was administrated to rats via gavage. Qishe pills (a SIN-containing drug) were orally administrated to humans. The bio-samples were collected to identify SIN's metabolites. Enzymatic and non-enzymatic incubations were used to reveal SIN's metabolic mechanism. Impacts of SIN, SNO and DS on the inflammation-related cytokine's levels and nuclear translocation of NF-κB were evaluated in LPS-induced Raw264.7 cells. ROS induced by SNO (10 μM) was also assessed. KEY FINDINGS CYP3A4 and ROS predominantly mediated the formation of SNO, and CYP3A4 and CYP2C19 primarily mediated the formation of DS. Noteworthily, SNO underwent N-oxide reduction both enzymatically, by xanthine oxidase (XOD), and non-enzymatically, by ferrous ion and heme moiety. The levels of IL-6 and TNF-α and nuclear translocation of NF-κB were ameliorated after pretreatment of SIN in LPS-induced Raw264.7 cells, while limited attenuations were observed after pretreatment of DS (SNO) even at 200 μM. In contrast, SNO induced ROS production. SIGNIFICANCE This study elucidated that SIN underwent both enzymatic and non-enzymatic cyclic metabolism and worked as the predominant anti-inflammation compound, while SNO induced ROS production, suggesting more studies of SIN combined with SNO and DS are necessary in case of DDI and potential toxicities.
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Yin L, Xia Y, Xu P, Zheng W, Gao Y, Xie F, Ji Z. Veratramine suppresses human HepG2 liver cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo by inducing autophagic cell death. Oncol Rep 2020; 44:477-486. [PMID: 32468056 PMCID: PMC7336414 DOI: 10.3892/or.2020.7622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer is the second leading cause of cancer‑related deaths. Traditional therapeutic strategies, such as chemotherapy, targeted therapy and interventional therapy, are inefficient and are accompanied by severe side effects for patients with advanced liver cancer. Therefore, it is crucial to develop a safer more effective drug to treat liver cancer. Veratramine, a known natural steroidal alkaloid derived from plants of the lily family, exerts anticancer activity in vitro. However, the underlying mechanism and whether it has an antitumor effect in vivo remain unknown. In the present study, the data revealed that veratramine significantly inhibited HepG2 cell proliferation, migration and invasion in vitro. Moreover, it was revealed that veratramine induced autophagy‑mediated apoptosis by inhibiting the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway, which partly explained the underlying mechanism behind its antitumor activity. Notably, the results of in vivo experiments also revealed that veratramine treatment (2 mg/kg, 3 times a week for 4 weeks) significantly inhibited subcutaneous tumor growth of liver cancer cells, with a low systemic toxicity. Collectively, the results of the present study indicated that veratramine efficiently suppressed liver cancer HepG2 cell growth in vitro and in vivo by blocking the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway to induce autophagic cell death. Veratramine could be a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Yin
- Department of Oncology, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, P.R. China
| | - Yonghui Xia
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, P.R. China
| | - Ping Xu
- Department of Oncology, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, P.R. China
| | - Wenli Zheng
- Department of Oncology, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, P.R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Gao
- Department of Oncology, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, P.R. China
| | - Faqin Xie
- Department of Oncology, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, P.R. China,Correspondence to: Professor Faqin Xie or Professor Zhaoning Ji, Department of Oncology, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, 2 West Zheshan Road, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, P.R. China, E-mail: , E-mail:
| | - Zhaoning Ji
- Department of Oncology, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, P.R. China,Correspondence to: Professor Faqin Xie or Professor Zhaoning Ji, Department of Oncology, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, 2 West Zheshan Road, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, P.R. China, E-mail: , E-mail:
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Ahmad A, Alqahtani S, Jan BL, Raish M, Rabba AK, Alkharfy KM. Gender effect on the pharmacokinetics of thymoquinone: Preclinical investigation and in silico modeling in male and female rats. Saudi Pharm J 2020; 28:403-408. [PMID: 32273798 PMCID: PMC7132603 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2020.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Thymoquinone is the most biologically active constituent of Nigella sativa (black seed). A monoterpene compound chemically known as 2-methyl-5-isopropyl-1, 4-quinone. In this study, the gender-dependent pharmacokinetic behavior of thymoquinone in rats was investigated. Thymoquinone was administered orally (20 mg/kg) and intravenously (5 mg/kg) to male and female rats and blood samples were collected at specific time points. Plasma concentration-time curves were plotted and pharmacokinetic parameters were determined using the non-compartmental analysis. In addition, simulations of steady state concentrations of thymoquinone in male and female rats were performed using GastroPlus PK software. After oral administration, the maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) of thymoquinone was 4.52 ± 0.092 μg/ml in male rats and 5.22 ± 0.154 μg/ml in female rats (p = 0.002). Similarly, after intravenous administration, the Cmax was 8.36 ± 0.132 μg/ml in males and 9.51 ± 0.158 μg/ml in females (p = 0.550). The area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC)0-∞ following oral dosing was 47.38 ± 0.821 μg/ml·h in females and 43.63 ± 0.953 μg/ml·h in males (p = 0.014). Pharmacokinetics and plasma concentration vs. time profiles for multiple oral doses of thymoquinone in rats were predicted using a simulation model to compare the simulation results with the experimental plasma pharmacokinetic data. The differences observed in thymoquinone pharmacokinetics between male and female rats after a single dose were not evident for the simulated steady-state parameters. The findings suggest that the gender difference does not seem to play a significant role in thymoquinone disposition at steady state.
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Key Words
- AUC, area under plasma concentration-time curve
- AUMC, area under the first moment curve
- CMC, carboxy methyl cellulose
- Cl, total clearance
- Cmax, maximum plasma concentration
- GastroPlus PK simulations
- I.V., intravenous
- MRT, mean residence time
- Male and female rats
- P.O., oral
- Pharmacokinetics
- Plasma
- T1/2, elimination half-life
- THQ, Thymoquinone
- Thymoquinone
- Tmax, time to maximum concentration
- Vss, volume of distribution at steady state
- Vz, volume of distribution z
- λz, terminal elimination rate constant
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajaz Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Department Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saeed Alqahtani
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Department Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Basit Latief Jan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Department Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Raish
- Department Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah K Rabba
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, AlKharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid M Alkharfy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Department Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Zheng B, Wang C, Song W, Ye X, Xiang Z. Pharmacokinetics and enterohepatic circulation of jervine, an antitumor steroidal alkaloid from Veratrum nigrum in rats. J Pharm Anal 2019; 9:367-372. [PMID: 31929946 PMCID: PMC6951481 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2019.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Jervine, a novel steroidal alkaloid from Veratrum nigrum L., exhibits both antitumor effect and potential toxicity. The aim of study was to characterize the pharmacokinetic behaviors and enterohepatic circulation of jervine in rats. A rapid and simple ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric method was developed and validated for quantification of jervine and alpinetin (internal standard) in rat plasma. After extraction from rat plasma by a simple protein-precipitation method, the analyte was separated on a C18 column (2.1 mm × 50 mm, 1.7 μm) using water with 0.1% formic acid and acetonitrile as the mobile phase delivered at a flow rate of 0.4 mL/min. Jervine and alpinetin were determined in the positive mode with multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) of the ion transitions at m/z 426.3 → 108.8 and m/z 271.0 → 166.9, respectively. Molecular docking method was used to investigate the binding of jervine to p-glycoprotein and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfotransferase. The method was well validated within acceptance limits including specificity, matrix effect, recovery, precision, accuracy, and stability, and was successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic study of jervine after oral and intravenous administration to rats. Jervine presented a small volume of distribution, fast absorption, high oral bioavailability, and enterohepatic circulation. The enterohepatic circulation was first observed in veratrum alkaloids, and was further investigated by molecular docking studies, which was related to the binding of jervine to p-glycoprotein and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfotransferase. The pharmacokinetic properties and enterohepatic circulation of jervine in rats provided a significant basis for the drug-drug interaction and toxicity study in the future. It is the first pharmacokinetic and bioavailability study of jervine in rats. A simple protein precipitation was used for pretreatment and the LLOQ was 0.25 ng/mL. The enterohepatic circulation was first observed in veratrum alkaloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingjing Zheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Caihong Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Wenwen Song
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Xiaoxia Ye
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Zheng Xiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
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Wei Z, Dong X, Zhang H, Gao S, Shi W, Yang F, Dong X. Hydrophilic interaction and reversed-phase ultra-performance liquid chromatography TOF-MS for metabolomic analysis of Veratrum nigrum-induced cardiotoxicity. Biomed Chromatogr 2017; 31. [PMID: 28544073 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The acute cardiotoxicity induced by Veratrum nigrum (VN) is explored by analyzing heart tissue metabolic profiles in mouse models and applying reversed-phase liquid chromatography mass spectrometry and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography mass spectrometry that are based on ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. An animal model of acute heart injury was established in mice via intra-gastric administration of VN. Then, electrocardiogram and echocardiograph monitoring of cardiac function and pathological examination were performed on mice in both the control and VN groups, and it was verified that acute heart injury was caused. Meanwhile, comparing the results of the control and VN groups, we detected 36 differential endogenous metabolites of heart tissue, including taurine, riboflavin, purine and lipids, which are related to many possible pathways such as purine metabolism, taurine and hypotaurine metabolism and energy metabolism. Our study provides a scientific approach for evaluating and revealing the mechanisms of VN-induced cardiotoxicity via the metabolomic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziheng Wei
- Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Dong
- Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Hanzhe Zhang
- Brigade of Undergraduate Student, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Songyan Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Shi
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Dong
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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