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Hasaniani N, Nouri S, Shirzad M, Rostami-Mansoor S. Potential therapeutic and diagnostic approaches of exosomes in multiple sclerosis pathophysiology. Life Sci 2024; 347:122668. [PMID: 38670451 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Exosomes are bilayer lipid vesicles that are released by cells and contain proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids. They can be internalized by other cells, inducing inflammatory responses and instigating toxicities in the recipient cells. Exosomes can also serve as therapeutic vehicles by transporting protective cargo to maintain homeostasis. Multiple studies have shown that exosomes can initiate and participate in the regulation of neuroinflammation, improve neurogenesis, and are closely related to the pathogenesis of central nervous system (CNS) diseases, including multiple sclerosis (MS). Exosomes can be secreted by both neurons and glial cells in the CNS, and their contents change with disease occurrence. Due to their ability to penetrate the blood-brain barrier and their stability in peripheral fluids, exosomes are attractive biomarkers of CNS diseases. In recent years, exosomes have emerged as potential therapeutic agents for CNS diseases, including MS. However, the molecular pathways in the pathogenesis of MS are still unknown, and further research is needed to fully understand the role of exosomes in the occurrence or improvement of MS disease. Thereby, in this review, we intend to provide a more complete understanding of the pathways in which exosomes are involved and affect the occurrence or improvement of MS disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nima Hasaniani
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Sina Nouri
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Moein Shirzad
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Sahar Rostami-Mansoor
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
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2
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Xie Y, Chen J, Liu K, Huang J, Zeng Y, Gao M, Qian Y, Liu L, Tan Y, Nie X. Differential expression of follicular fluid exosomal microRNA in women with diminished ovarian reserve. J Assist Reprod Genet 2024; 41:1087-1096. [PMID: 38321265 PMCID: PMC11052957 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-024-03037-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Decreased ovarian reserve function is mainly characterized by female endocrine disorders and fertility decline. Follicular fluid (FF) exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs) have been shown to regulate the function of granulosa cells (GCs). The present study explored differentially expressed miRNAs (DEmiRNAs) in patients with diminished ovarian reserve (DOR). METHODS FF was collected from 12 DOR patients and 12 healthy controls. DEmiRNAs between the two groups were identified and analyzed using high-throughput sequencing technology and validated by real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). RESULTS A total of 592 DEmiRNAs were identified using high-throughput miRNA sequencing, of which 213 were significantly upregulated and 379 were significantly downregulated. The sequencing results were further validated by RT-qPCR. These DEmiRNA target genes were mainly involved in the cancer pathway, phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) signaling pathway, regulation of actin cytoskeleton signaling pathway, and biological processes related to protein binding, nucleoplasm, cytoplasm, and cell membrane. CONCLUSION FF exosomal miRNAs are significantly differentially expressed in DOR patients versus non-DOR patients, underscoring their crucial role in regulating the pathogenesis of DOR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xie
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Juan Chen
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Kailu Liu
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Jingyu Huang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Yaqiong Zeng
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Mengya Gao
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Yu Qian
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Yong Tan
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China.
| | - Xiaowei Nie
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China.
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3
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Iavarone I, Molitierno R, Fumiento P, Vastarella MG, Napolitano S, Vietri MT, De Franciscis P, Ronsini C. MicroRNA Expression in Endometrial Cancer: Current Knowledge and Therapeutic Implications. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2024; 60:486. [PMID: 38541212 PMCID: PMC10972089 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60030486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: An extracellular vesicle is part of a class of submicron particles derived from cells, mediating cellular crosstalk through microRNA (miRNA). MiRNA is a group of RNA molecules, each of which consists of 15-22 nucleotides and post-transcriptionally modulates gene expression. The complementary mRNAs-onto which the miRNAs hybridize-are involved in processes such as implantation, tumor suppression, proliferation, angiogenesis, and metastasis that define the entire tumor microenvironment. The endometrial biopsy is a standard technique used to recognize cellular atypia, but other non-invasive markers may reduce patient discomfort during the use of invasive methods. The present study aims to examine the distribution and the regulation of the differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) and EV-derived substances in women with endometrial cancer. Materials and Methods: We systematically searched the PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and ScienceDirect databases in April 2023, adopted the string "Endometrial Neoplasms AND Exosomes", and followed the recommendations in the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. We selected all the studies that included patients with endometrial cancer and that described the regulation of miRNA molecules in that context. The differences in molecule expression between patients and controls were evaluated as significant when the proteins had a fold change of ±1.5. Results: Seventeen records fulfilled the inclusion criteria: a total of 371 patients and 273 controls were analyzed. The upregulated molecules that had the widest delta between endometrial cancer patients and controls-relative expression ≥ 1 > 3 log2(ratio)-were miR-20b-5p, miR-204-5p, miR-15a-5p, and miR-320a. In particular, miR-20b-5p and miR-204-5p were extracted from both serum and endometrial specimens, whereas miR-15a-5p was only isolated from plasma, and miR-320a was only extracted from the endometrial specimens. In parallel, the most downregulated miRNA in the endometrial cancer patients compared to the healthy subjects was miR-320a, which was found in the endometrial specimens. Conclusions: Although their epigenetic regulation remains unknown, these upregulated molecules derived from EVs are feasible markers for the early detection of endometrial cancer. The modulation of these miRNA molecules should be assessed during different treatments or if recurrence develops in response to a targeted treatment modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Iavarone
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (I.I.); (R.M.); (P.F.); (M.G.V.); (P.D.F.)
| | - Rossella Molitierno
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (I.I.); (R.M.); (P.F.); (M.G.V.); (P.D.F.)
| | - Pietro Fumiento
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (I.I.); (R.M.); (P.F.); (M.G.V.); (P.D.F.)
| | - Maria Giovanna Vastarella
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (I.I.); (R.M.); (P.F.); (M.G.V.); (P.D.F.)
| | - Stefania Napolitano
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy;
| | - Maria Teresa Vietri
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy;
| | - Pasquale De Franciscis
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (I.I.); (R.M.); (P.F.); (M.G.V.); (P.D.F.)
| | - Carlo Ronsini
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (I.I.); (R.M.); (P.F.); (M.G.V.); (P.D.F.)
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Izadpanah M, Yalameha B, Sani MZ, Cheragh PK, Mahdipour M, Rezabakhsh A, Rahbarghazi R. Exosomes as Theranostic Agents in Reproduction System. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2024; 8:e2300258. [PMID: 37955866 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202300258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes (Exos), belonging to extracellular vesicles, are cell-derived nano-sized vesicles with the potential to carry different kinds of biological molecules. Many studies have proved the impacts of exosomal cargo on several biological processes in female and male reproductive systems. It is also hypothesized that changes in exosomal cargo are integral to the promotion of certain pathological conditions, thus Exos can be used as valid biomarkers for the diagnosis of infertility and other abnormal conditions. Here, efforts are made to collect some recent data related to the physiological significance of Exos in the reproductive system, and their potential therapeutic effects. It is anticipated that the current review article will lay the groundwork for elucidating the source and mechanisms by which Exos control the reproductive system additionally supplying fresh methods and concepts for the detection and treatment of disorders associated with fertility for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melika Izadpanah
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Banafsheh Yalameha
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Maryam Zamani Sani
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Mahdi Mahdipour
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Aysa Rezabakhsh
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Rahbarghazi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Maqsood Q, Sumrin A, Saleem Y, Wajid A, Mahnoor M. Exosomes in Cancer: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Applications. Clin Med Insights Oncol 2024; 18:11795549231215966. [PMID: 38249520 PMCID: PMC10799603 DOI: 10.1177/11795549231215966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Small extracellular vesicles called exosomes are produced by cells and contain a range of biomolecules, including proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. Exosomes have been implicated in the development and spread of cancer, and recent studies have shown that their contents may be exploited as biomarkers for early detection and ongoing surveillance of the disease. In this review article, we summarize the current knowledge on exosomes as biomarkers of cancer. We discuss the various methods used for exosome isolation and characterization, as well as the different types of biomolecules found within exosomes that are relevant for cancer diagnosis and prognosis. We also highlight recent studies that have demonstrated the utility of exosomal biomarkers in different types of cancer, such as lung cancer, breast cancer, and pancreatic cancer. Overall, exosomes show great promise as noninvasive biomarkers for cancer detection and monitoring. Exosomes have the ability to transform cancer diagnostic and therapeutic paradigms, providing promise for more efficient and individualized. This review seeks to serve as an inspiration for new ideas and research in the never-ending fight against cancer. Moreover, further studies are needed to validate their clinical utility and establish standardized protocols for their isolation and analysis. With continued research and development, exosomal biomarkers have the potential to revolutionize cancer diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quratulain Maqsood
- Department of Centre for Applied Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Aleena Sumrin
- Department of Centre for Applied Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Yasar Saleem
- Department of Food and Biotechnology Research Centre, Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research Laboratories Complex Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Wajid
- Department of Biotechnology, Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences, Quetta, Pakistan
| | - Muhammada Mahnoor
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
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6
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Qi B, Sun Y, Lv Y, Hu P, Ma Y, Gao W, Li S, Zhang X, Jin X, Liou Y, Liu P, Liu S. Hypermethylated CDO1 and CELF4 in cytological specimens as triage strategy biomarkers in endometrial malignant lesions. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1289366. [PMID: 38107069 PMCID: PMC10722236 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1289366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Developing a non-invasive and reliable triage test for endometrial malignant lesions is an important goal, as it could help to reduce the number of invasive diagnostic procedures required and improve patient survival. We aimed to estimate the diagnostic value of DNA methylation levels in cervical cytological samples of endometrial cancer (EC) and endometrial atypical hyperplasia (AH). Methods A total of 607 women who had indications for endometrial biopsy in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Cangzhou Central Hospital from October 2022 to April 2023 were enrolled in this study. The cervical exfoliated cells were collected for gene methylation before endometrial biopsy. Clinical information, tumor biomarkers, and endometrial thickness (ET) of transvaginal ultrasonography (TVS) were also collected. With endometrial histopathology as the gold standard, multivariate unconditional logistic regression was applied to analyze the risk factors of endometrial malignant lesions. The role of cysteine dioxygenase type 1 (CDO1) and CUGBP Elav-like family member 4 (CELF4) gene methylation as a triage strategy biomarker in endometrial malignant lesions was specifically explored. Results Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that premenopausal ET ≥ 11 mm or postmenopausal ET ≥ 5 mm, CDO1 ΔCt ≤ 8.4, or CELF4 ΔCt ≤ 8.8 were the risk factors for AH and EC, with odds ratios (ORs) (95%CI) of 5.03 (1.83-13.82) and 6.92 (1.10-43.44), respectively (p-values < 0.05). The sensitivity and specificity of CDO1/CELF4 dual-gene methylation assay for AH and EC reached 84.9% (95%CI: 75.3%-94.5%) and 86.6% (95%CI: 83.8%-89.5%), respectively. ET combined with DNA methylation detection further improved the specificity to (94.9%, 95%CI: 93.1%-96.8%). Conclusion The accuracy of cervical cytology DNA methylation is superior to that of other clinical indicators in the non-invasive examination of endometrial malignant lesions. DNA methylation combined with TVS can further improve the specificity and is a promising biomarker triage strategy in women with suspected endometrial lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingli Qi
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Surgery, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei, China
| | - Ye Sun
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Surgery, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei, China
| | - Yaohua Lv
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Surgery, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei, China
| | - Pei Hu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Surgery, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei, China
| | - Yanli Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei, China
| | - Wenying Gao
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Surgery, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei, China
| | - Shumei Li
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Surgery, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Surgery, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei, China
| | - Xitong Jin
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Beijing Origin-Poly Bio-Tec Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Yuligh Liou
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Beijing Origin-Poly Bio-Tec Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Pei Liu
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Beijing Origin-Poly Bio-Tec Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Shikai Liu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Surgery, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei, China
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7
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Trivedi R, Bhat KP. Liquid biopsy: creating opportunities in brain space. Br J Cancer 2023; 129:1727-1746. [PMID: 37752289 PMCID: PMC10667495 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-023-02446-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, liquid biopsy has emerged as an alternative method to diagnose and monitor tumors. Compared to classical tissue biopsy procedures, liquid biopsy facilitates the repetitive collection of diverse cellular and acellular analytes from various biofluids in a non/minimally invasive manner. This strategy is of greater significance for high-grade brain malignancies such as glioblastoma as the quantity and accessibility of tumors are limited, and there are collateral risks of compromised life quality coupled with surgical interventions. Currently, blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are the most common biofluids used to collect circulating cells and biomolecules of tumor origin. These liquid biopsy analytes have created opportunities for real-time investigations of distinct genetic, epigenetic, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics alterations associated with brain tumors. This review describes different classes of liquid biopsy biomarkers present in the biofluids of brain tumor patients. Moreover, an overview of the liquid biopsy applications, challenges, recent technological advances, and clinical trials in the brain have also been provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Trivedi
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Krishna P Bhat
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
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8
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Yao Y, Shi L, Zhu X. Four differentially expressed exosomal miRNAs as prognostic biomarkers and therapy targets in endometrial cancer: Bioinformatic analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e34998. [PMID: 37653757 PMCID: PMC10470766 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000034998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer (EC) is one of the most common gynecological malignancies worldwide. Accumulated evidence has demonstrated exosomes of cancer cells carry microRNAs (miRNAs) to nonmalignant cells to induce metastasis. Our study aimed to find possible biomarkers of EC. Data for miRNA expression related with exosome from EC patients were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas database, and the miRNA expression profiles associated with exosomes of EC were downloaded from the National Center for Biotechnology Information. We used different algorithms to analyze the differential miRNA expression, infer the relative proportion of immune infiltrating cells, predict chemotherapy sensitivity, and comprehensively score each gene set to evaluate the potential biological function changes of different samples. The gene ontology analysis and Kyoto encyclopedia of genome genomics pathway analysis were performed for specific genes. A total of 13 differential miRNAs were identified, of which 4 were up-regulated. The 4 miRNAs, that is hsa-miR-17-3p, hsa-miR-99b-3p, hsa-miR-193a-5p, and hsa-miR-320d, were the hub exosomal miRNAs that were all closely related to the clinic phenotypes and prognosis of patients. This study preliminarily indicates that the 4 hub exosomal miRNAs (hsa-miR-17-3p, hsa-miR-99b-3p, hsa-miR-193a-5p, and hsa-miR-320d) could be used as prognostic biomarkers or therapy targets in EC. Further studies are required to make sure of their real feasibility and values in the EC clinic and the relative research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingsha Yao
- Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Liujing Shi
- Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoming Zhu
- Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Women’s Reproductive Health of Zhejiang Province, Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
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9
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Sarasati A, Syahruddin MH, Nuryanti A, Ana ID, Barlian A, Wijaya CH, Ratnadewi D, Wungu TDK, Takemori H. Plant-Derived Exosome-like Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications and Regenerative Therapy. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11041053. [PMID: 37189671 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11041053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant-derived exosome-like nanoparticles (PDENs) comprise various bioactive biomolecules. As an alternative cell-free therapeutic approach, they have the potential to deliver nano-bioactive compounds to the human body, and thus lead to various anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-tumor benefits. Moreover, it is known that Indonesia is one of the herbal centers of the world, with an abundance of unexplored sources of PDENs. This encouraged further research in biomedical science to develop natural richness in plants as a source for human welfare. This study aims to verify the potential of PDENs for biomedical purposes, especially for regenerative therapy applications, by collecting and analyzing data from the latest relevant research and developments.
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10
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Zheng F, Wang J, Wang D, Yang Q. Clinical Application of Small Extracellular Vesicles in Gynecologic Malignancy Treatments. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15071984. [PMID: 37046644 PMCID: PMC10093031 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15071984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are the key mediators of intercellular communication. They have the potential for clinical use as diagnostic or therapeutic biomarkers and have been explored as vectors for drug delivery. Identification of reliable and noninvasive biomarkers, such as sEVs, is important for early diagnosis and precise treatment of gynecologic diseases to improve patient prognosis. Previous reviews have summarized routine sEVs isolation and identification methods; however, novel and unconventional methods have not been comprehensively described. This review summarizes a convenient method of isolating sEVs from body fluids and liquid biopsy-related sEV markers for early, minimally invasive diagnosis of gynecologic diseases. In addition, the characteristics of sEVs as drug carriers and in precision treatment and drug resistance are introduced, providing a strong foundation for identifying novel and potential therapeutic targets for sEV therapy. We propose potential directions for further research on the applications of sEVs in the diagnosis and treatment of gynecologic diseases.
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11
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Shen Y, Yang W, Liu J, Zhang Y. Minimally invasive approaches for the early detection of endometrial cancer. Mol Cancer 2023; 22:53. [PMID: 36932368 PMCID: PMC10022290 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01757-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer (EC) is one of the most common gynecologic cancers and its incidence is rising globally. Although advanced EC has a poor prognosis; diagnosing EC at an earlier stage could improve long-term patient outcomes. However, there is no consensus on the early detection strategies for EC and the current diagnostic practices such as transvaginal ultrasound, hysteroscopy and endometrial biopsy are invasive, costly and low in specificity. Thus, accurate and less invasive screening tests that detect EC in women with early stages of the disease are needed. Current research has revolutionized novel EC early detection methodologies in many aspects. This review aims to comprehensively characterizes minimally invasive screening techniques that can be applied to EC in the future, and fully demonstrate their potential in the early detection of EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Shen
- Department of Gynecology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wenqing Yang
- Department of Gynecology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Gynaecology Oncology Research and Engineering Central of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jiacheng Liu
- The Center of Systems Biology and Data Science, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- Gynaecology Oncology Research and Engineering Central of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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Abdelmaksoud NM, El-Mahdy HA, Ismail A, Elsakka EGE, El-Husseiny AA, Khidr EG, Ali EM, Rashed MH, El-Demerdash FES, Doghish AS. The role of miRNAs in the pathogenesis and therapeutic resistance of endometrial cancer: a spotlight on the convergence of signaling pathways. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 244:154411. [PMID: 36921547 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Endometrial cancer (EC) is the 2nd common cancer in females after breast cancer. Besides, it's the most common among gynecological cancers. Several epigenetic factors such as miRNAs have been reported to affect EC aspects including initiation, progression, angiogenesis, and resistance to therapy. miRNAs could regulate the expression of various genes involved in EC pathogenesis. This effect is attributed to miRNAs' effects in proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle, angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis. miRNAs also influence crucial EC-related mechanistic pathways such as JAK/STAT axis, EGFR, TGF-β signaling, and P53. Beside pathogenesis, miRNAs also have the potential to affect EC response to treatments including radio and chemotherapy. Thus, this review aims to illustrate the link between miRNAs and EC; focusing on the effects of miRNAs on EC signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nourhan M Abdelmaksoud
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University, Cairo 11785, Egypt
| | - Hesham A El-Mahdy
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11231, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed Ismail
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11231, Egypt
| | - Elsayed G E Elsakka
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11231, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A El-Husseiny
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11231, Egypt; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Emad Gamil Khidr
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11231, Egypt
| | - Esraa M Ali
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Helmy Rashed
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11231, Egypt
| | - Fatma El-Saeed El-Demerdash
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11231, Egypt
| | - Ahmed S Doghish
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt; Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11231, Egypt.
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13
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Dwivedi M, Ghosh D, Saha A, Hasan S, Jindal D, Yadav H, Yadava A, Dwivedi M. Biochemistry of exosomes and their theranostic potential in human diseases. Life Sci 2023; 315:121369. [PMID: 36639052 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are classified as special extracellular vesicles in the eukaryotic system having diameters ranging from 30 to 120 nm. These vesicles carry various endogenous molecules including DNA, mRNA, microRNA, circular RNA, and proteins, crucial for numerous metabolic reactions and can be proposed as therapeutic or diagnostic targets for several disorders. The donor exosomes release their content to recipient cells and further establish the significant intercellular communication showing biological effects by triggering environmental alterations. Exosomes derived from mesenchymal and dendritic cells have demonstrated their therapeutic potential against organ injury. Yet, various intricacies are involved in exosomal transport and its inclusion in cancer and other disease pathogenesis needs to be explored. The exosomes represent profound potential as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic carriers in various pathophysiological conditions such as neurodegenerative diseases, chronic cancers, infectious diseases, female reproductive diseases and cardiovascular diseases. In the current study, we demonstrate the advancements in the implication of exosomes as one of the irrefutable prognostic biological targets in human health and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Dwivedi
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow 226028, India.
| | - Diya Ghosh
- Department of Biotechnology, Heritage Institute of Technology, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Anwesha Saha
- Department of Biotechnology, Heritage Institute of Technology, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Saba Hasan
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow 226028, India
| | - Divya Jindal
- Center for Emerging Diseases, Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida, India
| | - Hitendra Yadav
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow 226028, India
| | - Anuradha Yadava
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow 226028, India
| | - Medha Dwivedi
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow 226028, India
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14
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Wang KH, Ding DC. The Role and Applications of Exosomes in Gynecological Cancer: A Review. Cell Transplant 2023; 32:9636897231195240. [PMID: 37632354 PMCID: PMC10467393 DOI: 10.1177/09636897231195240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are phospholipid bilayer vesicles that are released by all types of cells, containing proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids such as DNAs and RNAs. Exosomes can be transferred between cells and play a variety of physiological and pathological regulatory functions. Noncoding RNAs, including micro RNAs, long noncoding RNAs, and circular RNAs, are the most studied biomolecules from exosomes and more and more studies found that noncoding RNAs play an important role in the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of diseases, including various types of cancer. Gynecological malignancies such as ovarian, endometrial, and cervical cancer seriously threaten women's life. Therefore, this article reviews the roles and applications of exosomes in gynecological malignancies, including the promotion or inhibition of tumor progression and regulation of tumor microenvironments, and as potential therapeutic targets for treating gynecological cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Hung Wang
- Department of Medical Research, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Dah-Ching Ding
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan, R.O.C
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15
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Thakur L, Thakur S. The interplay of sex steroid hormones and microRNAs in endometrial cancer: current understanding and future directions. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1166948. [PMID: 37152960 PMCID: PMC10161733 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1166948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Endometrial cancer is a hormone-dependent malignancy, and sex steroid hormones play a crucial role in its pathogenesis. Recent studies have demonstrated that microRNAs (miRNAs) can regulate the expression of sex steroid hormone receptors and modulate hormone signaling pathways. Our aim is to provide an overview of the current understanding of the role of miRNAs in endometrial cancer regulated by sex steroid hormone pathways. Methods A thorough literature search was carried out in the PubMed database. The articles published from 2018 to the present were included. Keywords related to miRNAs, endometrial cancer, and sex steroid hormones were used in the search. Results Dysregulation of miRNAs has been linked to abnormal sex steroid hormone signaling and the development of endometrial cancer. Various miRNAs have been identified as modulators of estrogen and progesterone receptor expression, and the miRNA expression profile has been shown to be a predictor of response to hormone therapy. Additionally, specific miRNAs have been implicated in the regulation of genes involved in hormone-related signaling pathways, such as the PI3K/Akt/mTOR and MAPK/ERK pathways. Conclusion The regulation of sex steroid hormones by miRNAs is a promising area of research in endometrial cancer. Future studies should focus on elucidating the functional roles of specific miRNAs in sex steroid hormone signaling and identifying novel miRNA targets for hormone therapy in endometrial cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lovlesh Thakur
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Sunil Thakur
- Origin LIFE Healthcare Solutions and Research Center, Chandigarh, India
- *Correspondence: Sunil Thakur,
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16
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Wu S, Mu C, Sun JJ, Hu XR, Yao YH. Role of Exosomal Non-Coding RNA in the Tumour Microenvironment of Genitourinary System Tumours. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2023; 22:15330338231198348. [PMID: 37981789 PMCID: PMC10664451 DOI: 10.1177/15330338231198348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, genitourinary system tumors are common in people of all ages, seriously affecting the quality of life of patients, the pathogenesis and treatment of these diseases are constantly being updated and improved. Exosomes, with a lipid bilayer that enable delivery of their contents into body fluids or other cells. Exosomes can regulate the tumor microenvironment, and play an important role in tumor development. In turn, cellular and non-cellular components of tumor microenvironment also affect the occurrence, progression, invasion and metastasis of tumor. Non-coding RNAs have been shown to be able to be ingested and released by exosomes, and are seen as a potential tool in cancer diagnosis and treatment. Here, we summarize the effect of non-coding RNAs of exosome contents on the tumor microenvironment of genitourinary system tumor, expound the significance of non-coding RNAs of exosome in the occurrence, development, diagnosis and treatment of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Wu
- Basic Medical College, Department of Pathology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Chao Mu
- Basic Medical College, Department of Pathology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Jia-jia Sun
- Basic Medical College, Department of Pathology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Xin-rong Hu
- Basic Medical College, Department of Pathology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Yun-hong Yao
- Professor in Basic Medical College, Department of Pathology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
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17
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Zhang R, Zou Y, Luo J. Application of Extracellular Vesicles in Gynecologic Cancer Treatment. BIOENGINEERING (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:bioengineering9120740. [PMID: 36550946 PMCID: PMC9774372 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9120740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian, cervical, and endometrial cancer are the three most common gynecological malignancies that seriously threaten women's health. With the development of molecular biology technology, immunotherapy and targeted therapy for gynecologic tumors are being carried out in clinical treatment. Extracellular vesicles are nanosized; they exist in various body fluids and play an essential role in intercellular communication and in the regulation of various biological process. Several studies have shown that extracellular vesicles are important targets in gynecologic cancer treatment as they promote tumor growth, progression, angiogenesis, metastasis, chemoresistance, and immune system escape. This article reviews the progress of research into extracellular vesicles in common gynecologic tumors and discusses the role of extracellular vesicles in gynecologic tumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renwen Zhang
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yixing Zou
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Jing Luo
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Correspondence:
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18
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Paterson E, Blenkiron C, Danielson K, Henry C. Recommendations for extracellular vesicle miRNA biomarker research in the endometrial cancer context. Transl Oncol 2022; 23:101478. [PMID: 35820359 PMCID: PMC9284453 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2022.101478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer (EC) is the most common gynaecological malignancy in the developed world, and concerningly incidence is rising, particularly in younger people. Therefore, there is increased interest in novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-bound particles present in bodily fluids that have the potential to facilitate non-invasive, early diagnosis of EC and could aid with monitoring of recurrence and treatment response. EV cargo provides molecular insight into the tumor, with the lipid bilayer providing stability for RNA species usually prone to degradation. miRNAs have recently become a focus for EV biomarker research due to their ability to regulate cancer related pathways and influence cancer development and progression. This review evaluates the current literature on EV miRNA biomarkers with a focus on EC, and discusses the challenges facing this research. This review finally highlights areas of focus for EV miRNA biomarker research going forward, such as standardization of normalization approaches, sample storage and processing, extensive reporting of methodologies and moving away from single miRNA biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Paterson
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Women's Health, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Cherie Blenkiron
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Kirsty Danielson
- Department of Surgery and Anaesthesia, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Claire Henry
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Women's Health, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand.
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19
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Human umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomal microRNA-503-3p inhibits progression of human endometrial cancer cells through downregulating MEST. Cancer Gene Ther 2022; 29:1130-1139. [PMID: 34997218 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-021-00416-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Endometrial cancer (EC) is a group of epithelial malignant tumors that occur in the endometrium. The specific pathogenesis is not revealed, hence, the goal of this study was to investigate the influence of human umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells (hUMSCs)-derived exosomal microRNA-503-3p (miR-503-3p) on human EC cells by mediating mesoderm-specific transcript (MEST). The binding relationship between MiR-503-3p and MEST was searched. HUMSCs were collected and exosomes (Exos) were isolated and identified. Human EC cell lines HEC-1B and RL95-2 were transfected with elevated miR-503-3p or silenced MEST vector or co-cultured with Exos to figure their roles in biological functions of EC cells. The in vitro effect of miR-503-3p, MEST, and Exos on EC cells was further verified in vivo. MEST was a target of miR-503-3p. Overexpression of miR-503-3p or reduction of MEST suppressed the biological functions of EC cells. Enhanced MEST expression mitigated the role of upregulated miR-503-3p on the growth of EC cells. HUMSCs-derived Exos suppressed EC cell growth, upregulated miR-503-3p-modified HUMSCs-derived Exos had a more obvious inhibitory effect on EC cell growth. The anti-tumor effect of elevated miR-503-3p, silenced MEST, and HUMSCs-derived Exos were verified in nude mice. This study highlights that hUMSCs-derived exosomal miR-503-3p inhibits EC development by suppressing MEST, which is of great benefit to EC therapy.
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20
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Pandian SRK, Vijayakumar KK, Kunjiappan S, Babkiewicz E, Maszczyk P. Emerging role of exosomes in hematological malignancies. Clin Exp Med 2022:10.1007/s10238-022-00850-z. [PMID: 35798882 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-022-00850-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Hematological malignancies are a heterogeneous group of neoplasms in the blood characterized by dysregulated hematopoiesis and classified as leukemia, lymphoma, and myeloma. The occurrence and progression of hematological malignancies depend on transformed hematopoietic stem cells, which refract to chemotherapy and often cause relapse. In recent years, monoclonal antibody therapies are preferred for hematopoietic cancers, owing to their inherent mechanisms of action and improved outcomes. However, efficient drug delivery methods and the establishment of novel biomarkers are currently being investigated and warranted to improve the outcome of patients with hematological malignancies. For instance, non-viral-mediated, natural carriers have been suggested for latent intracellular drug delivery. In this purview, repurposing small vesicles (e.g., exosomes) is considered a latent approach for myeloma therapy. Exosomes (nano-vesicles) have many advantages in that they are secreted by various animals and plants and become sought after for therapeutic and diagnostic purposes. The size of the cellular membrane of exosomes (30-150 nm) facilitates ligand binding and targeted delivery of the loaded molecules. Furthermore, exosomes can be modified to express specific target moiety on their cell membrane and can also be featured with desired biological activity, thereby potentially employed for various convoluted diseases, including hematological malignancies. To advance the current knowledge, this review is focused on the source, composition, function and surface engineering of exosomes pertaining to hematological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sureshbabu Ram Kumar Pandian
- Department of Biotechnology, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil, Tamil Nadu, 626126, India.
| | - Kevin Kumar Vijayakumar
- School of Biotechnology, Department of Molecular Microbiology, Madurai Kamaraj University, Palkalai Nagar, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, 625021, India
| | - Selvaraj Kunjiappan
- Department of Biotechnology, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil, Tamil Nadu, 626126, India
| | - Ewa Babkiewicz
- Department of Hydrobiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw at Biology & Chemistry Research Center, 02-089, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Maszczyk
- Department of Hydrobiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw at Biology & Chemistry Research Center, 02-089, Warsaw, Poland
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21
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Sykaras AG, Christofidis K, Politi E, Theocharis S. Exosomes on Endometrial Cancer: A Biomarkers Treasure Trove? Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14071733. [PMID: 35406505 PMCID: PMC8996953 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14071733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer (EC) is one of the main causes of cancer-related death among women. In the last decade, the incidence of EC is on the rise, and the relative 5-year survival remains unchanged. This creates a dire need for new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches that can only result from a deeper understanding of the pathogenesis of the disease. In this direction, exosomes are under heavy research, with two main aims: to identify the potential diagnostic and prognostic markers and to develop technologies based on their use as therapeutic vectors targeting EC cells. Exosomes are widely available in all bodily fluids and are sources of ideal biomarkers for liquid biopsies. They are extracellular vesicles containing DNA, RNA, lipids, and proteins, which they transfer between cells, serving multiple functions and being implicated in both the physiological processes and the pathogenesis of diseases. Of all the biomolecules contained in exosomes, microRNAs (miRNAs) seem to have the most clinical utility in the diagnosis and treatment of EC. Exosomal miRNAs mediate the communication between EC cells, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and have a pivotal role in the tumor cells' proliferation, epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), and the formation of a tumor microenvironment. They participate in many processes that are tied to carcinogenesis and cancer progression, and they are therefore considered as attractive therapeutic targets. Here, we review the functions of exosomes in EC, focusing on potential biomarkers of diagnostic and prognostic significance or potential therapeutic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandros G. Sykaras
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (A.G.S.); (K.C.)
- Department of Cytopathology, Aretaieion Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece;
| | - Konstantinos Christofidis
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (A.G.S.); (K.C.)
| | - Ekaterini Politi
- Department of Cytopathology, Aretaieion Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece;
| | - Stamatios Theocharis
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (A.G.S.); (K.C.)
- Correspondence:
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22
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Ye M, Wang J, Pan S, Zheng L, Wang ZW, Zhu X. Nucleic acids and proteins carried by exosomes of different origins as potential biomarkers for gynecologic cancers. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2022; 24:101-113. [PMID: 35024437 PMCID: PMC8718571 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2021.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Ye
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No. 109 Xueyuan Xi Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No. 109 Xueyuan Xi Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Shuya Pan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No. 109 Xueyuan Xi Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Lihong Zheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No. 109 Xueyuan Xi Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Zhi-Wei Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No. 109 Xueyuan Xi Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- Corresponding author Zhi-Wei Wang, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No. 109 Xueyuan Xi Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China.
| | - Xueqiong Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No. 109 Xueyuan Xi Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- Corresponding author Xueqiong Zhu, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No. 109 Xueyuan Xi Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China.
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23
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Thomas SC, Kim JW, Pauletti GM, Hassett DJ, Kotagiri N. Exosomes: Biological Pharmaceutical Nanovectors for Theranostics. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 9:808614. [PMID: 35096795 PMCID: PMC8790084 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.808614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are natural cell-derived nanovesicles of endocytic origin that enable cellular crosstalk by transferring encapsulated molecular cargos across biological barriers, thereby holding significantly complex implications in the etiology and progression of diverse disease states. Consequently, the development of exosomes-based nano-theranostic strategies has received immense consideration for advancing therapeutic interventions and disease prognosis. Their favorable biopharmaceutical properties make exosomes a unique nanoparticulate carrier for pharmaceutical drug delivery. This review provides an update on the contemporary strategies utilizing exosomes for theranostic applications in nanomedicine. In addition, we provide a synopsis of exosomal features and insights into strategic modifications that control in vivo biodistribution. We further discuss their opportunities, merits and pitfalls for cell/tissue targeted drug delivery in personalized nanotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shindu C Thomas
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Jin-Woo Kim
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Institute for Nanoscience and Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Giovanni M Pauletti
- St. Louis College of Pharmacy, University of Health Sciences and Pharmacy in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Daniel J Hassett
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Nalinikanth Kotagiri
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
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24
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Raguraman R, Shanmugarama S, Mehta M, Elle Peterson J, Zhao YD, Munshi A, Ramesh R. Drug delivery approaches for HuR-targeted therapy for lung cancer. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 180:114068. [PMID: 34822926 PMCID: PMC8724414 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.114068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer (LC) is often diagnosed at an advanced stage and conventional treatments for disease management have limitations associated with them. Novel therapeutic targets are thus avidly sought for the effective management of LC. RNA binding proteins (RBPs) have been convincingly established as key players in tumorigenesis, and their dysregulation is linked to multiple cancers, including LC. In this context, we review the role of Human antigen R (HuR), an RBP that is overexpressed in LC, and further associated with various aspects of LC tumor growth and response to therapy. Herein, we describe the role of HuR in LC progression and outline the evidences supporting various pharmacologic and biologic approaches for inhibiting HuR expression and function. These approaches, including use of small molecule inhibitors, siRNAs and shRNAs, have demonstrated favorable results in reducing tumor cell growth, invasion and migration, angiogenesis and metastasis. Hence, HuR has significant potential as a key therapeutic target in LC. Use of siRNA-based approaches, however, have certain limitations that prevent their maximal exploitation as cancer therapies. To address this, in the conclusion of this review, we provide a list of nanomedicine-based HuR targeting approaches currently being employed for siRNA and shRNA delivery, and provide a rationale for the immense potential therapeutic benefits offered by nanocarrier-based HuR targeting and its promise for treating patients with LC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeswari Raguraman
- Department of Pathology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Santny Shanmugarama
- Department of Pathology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Meghna Mehta
- Radiation Oncology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Jo Elle Peterson
- Department of Pathology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Yan D Zhao
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Anupama Munshi
- Radiation Oncology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Rajagopal Ramesh
- Department of Pathology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
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25
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Holcakova J, Bartosik M, Anton M, Minar L, Hausnerova J, Bednarikova M, Weinberger V, Hrstka R. New Trends in the Detection of Gynecological Precancerous Lesions and Early-Stage Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:6339. [PMID: 34944963 PMCID: PMC8699592 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13246339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevention and early diagnostics of precancerous stages are key aspects of contemporary oncology. In cervical cancer, well-organized screening and vaccination programs, especially in developed countries, are responsible for the dramatic decline of invasive cancer incidence and mortality. Cytological screening has a long and successful history, and the ongoing implementation of HPV triage with increased sensitivity can further decrease mortality. On the other hand, endometrial and ovarian cancers are characterized by a poor accessibility to specimen collection, which represents a major complication for early diagnostics. Therefore, despite relatively promising data from evaluating the combined effects of genetic variants, population screening does not exist, and the implementation of new biomarkers is, thus, necessary. The introduction of various circulating biomarkers is of potential interest due to the considerable heterogeneity of cancer, as highlighted in this review, which focuses exclusively on the most common tumors of the genital tract, namely, cervical, endometrial, and ovarian cancers. However, it is clearly shown that these malignancies represent different entities that evolve in different ways, and it is therefore necessary to use different methods for their diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitka Holcakova
- Research Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, 656 53 Brno, Czech Republic; (J.H.); (M.B.)
| | - Martin Bartosik
- Research Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, 656 53 Brno, Czech Republic; (J.H.); (M.B.)
| | - Milan Anton
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Masaryk University and University Hospital, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (M.A.); (L.M.)
| | - Lubos Minar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Masaryk University and University Hospital, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (M.A.); (L.M.)
| | - Jitka Hausnerova
- Department of Pathology, Masaryk University and University Hospital, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic;
| | - Marketa Bednarikova
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology and Oncology, Masaryk University and University Hospital, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic;
| | - Vit Weinberger
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Masaryk University and University Hospital, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (M.A.); (L.M.)
| | - Roman Hrstka
- Research Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, 656 53 Brno, Czech Republic; (J.H.); (M.B.)
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Wang Y, Zhao R, Jiao X, Wu L, Wei Y, Shi F, Zhong J, Xiong L. Small Extracellular Vesicles: Functions and Potential Clinical Applications as Cancer Biomarkers. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11101044. [PMID: 34685415 PMCID: PMC8541078 DOI: 10.3390/life11101044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer, as the second leading cause of death worldwide, is a major public health concern that imposes a heavy social and economic burden. Effective approaches for either diagnosis or therapy of most cancers are still lacking. Dynamic monitoring and personalized therapy are the main directions for cancer research. Cancer-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) are potential disease biomarkers. Cancer EVs, including small EVs (sEVs), contain unique biomolecules (protein, nucleic acid, and lipids) at various stages of carcinogenesis. In this review, we discuss the biogenesis of sEVs, and their functions in cancer, revealing the potential applications of sEVs as cancer biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College, Nanchang University, 461 Bayi Road, Nanchang 330006, China; (Y.W.); (R.Z.); (X.J.); (L.W.); (Y.W.); (F.S.); (J.Z.)
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathogenesis and Molecular Pathology, 461 Bayi Road, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Ruichen Zhao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College, Nanchang University, 461 Bayi Road, Nanchang 330006, China; (Y.W.); (R.Z.); (X.J.); (L.W.); (Y.W.); (F.S.); (J.Z.)
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathogenesis and Molecular Pathology, 461 Bayi Road, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Xueqiao Jiao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College, Nanchang University, 461 Bayi Road, Nanchang 330006, China; (Y.W.); (R.Z.); (X.J.); (L.W.); (Y.W.); (F.S.); (J.Z.)
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathogenesis and Molecular Pathology, 461 Bayi Road, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Longyuan Wu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College, Nanchang University, 461 Bayi Road, Nanchang 330006, China; (Y.W.); (R.Z.); (X.J.); (L.W.); (Y.W.); (F.S.); (J.Z.)
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathogenesis and Molecular Pathology, 461 Bayi Road, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Yuxuan Wei
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College, Nanchang University, 461 Bayi Road, Nanchang 330006, China; (Y.W.); (R.Z.); (X.J.); (L.W.); (Y.W.); (F.S.); (J.Z.)
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathogenesis and Molecular Pathology, 461 Bayi Road, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Fuxiu Shi
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College, Nanchang University, 461 Bayi Road, Nanchang 330006, China; (Y.W.); (R.Z.); (X.J.); (L.W.); (Y.W.); (F.S.); (J.Z.)
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathogenesis and Molecular Pathology, 461 Bayi Road, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Junpei Zhong
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College, Nanchang University, 461 Bayi Road, Nanchang 330006, China; (Y.W.); (R.Z.); (X.J.); (L.W.); (Y.W.); (F.S.); (J.Z.)
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathogenesis and Molecular Pathology, 461 Bayi Road, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Lixia Xiong
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College, Nanchang University, 461 Bayi Road, Nanchang 330006, China; (Y.W.); (R.Z.); (X.J.); (L.W.); (Y.W.); (F.S.); (J.Z.)
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathogenesis and Molecular Pathology, 461 Bayi Road, Nanchang 330006, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-791-8636-0556
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Ding L, Li H, Wang Y. Application of Jianpi Xiaoai Recipe Combined with Cisplatin and Adriamycin in the Treatment of Endometrial Cancer and Its Effect on Disease Control Rate. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2021; 2021:2258183. [PMID: 34621319 PMCID: PMC8492281 DOI: 10.1155/2021/2258183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the application of Jianpi Xiaoai recipe combined with cisplatin and Adriamycin in the treatment of endometrial cancer (EC) and its effect on the disease control rate (DCR). METHODS The data of 120 EC patients treated in People's Hospital of Rizhao from February 2019 to February 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. They were equally split into experimental group and control group according to the order of admission. All patients were treated with neoadjuvant intra-arterial chemotherapy (continuous infusion of the uterine artery for 5 days before surgery, with 20 mg of cisplatin mixed with 2000 mg of normal saline and 10 mg of Adriamycin mixed with 500 ml of normal saline daily), while the experimental group was treated with Jianpi Xiaoai recipe at the same time to compare the short-term efficacy, immune function indexes, incidence of adverse reactions, and HEC-1-B (human endometrial adenocarcinoma cells) cell inhibition rates between the two groups. RESULTS The DCR and objective remission rate (ORR) in the experimental group were markedly higher compared with the control group (P < 0.05). The immune function indexes after treatment were remarkably better in the experimental group than in the control group (P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, the incidence of adverse reactions in the experimental group was notably lower (P < 0.05), while the HEC-1-B inhibition rates after treatment were obviously higher (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Jianpi Xiaoai recipe combined with cisplatin and Adriamycin can increase the HEC-1-B cell inhibition rate in EC patients, improve their immune function, reduce the possibility of adverse reactions, and enhance the therapeutic effect, which is worthy of clinical application and popularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ding
- Department of Gynaecology, People's Hospital of Rizhao, Rizhao 276826, Shandong, China
| | - Hongyu Li
- Department of Radiology, People's Hospital of Lixia District, Jinan 250013, Shandong, China
| | - Yuping Wang
- Department of Postpartum Rehabilitation, Zibo City Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Zibo 250031, Shandong, China
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The functions and potential roles of extracellular vesicle noncoding RNAs in gynecological malignancies. Cell Death Dis 2021; 7:258. [PMID: 34552067 PMCID: PMC8458395 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-021-00645-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small membranous vesicles secreted by multiple kinds of cells and are widely present in human body fluids. EVs containing various constituents can transfer functional molecules from donor cells to recipient cells, thereby mediating intercellular communication. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are a type of RNA transcript with limited protein-coding capacity, that have been confirmed to be enriched in EVs in recent years. EV ncRNAs have become a hot topic because of their crucial regulating effect in disease progression, especially in cancer development. In this review, we summarized the biological functions of EV ncRNAs in the occurrence and progression of gynecological malignancies. In addition, we reviewed their potential applications in the diagnosis and treatment of gynecological malignancies.
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Wu Y, Yuan W, Ding H, Wu X. Serum exosomal miRNA from endometriosis patients correlates with disease severity. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2021; 305:117-127. [PMID: 34542679 PMCID: PMC8782809 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-021-06227-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Exosomes are vesicles secreted by cells that contain a wide variety of biomolecules, including proteins or nucleic acids. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), which are commonly found in exosomes, are known to play important roles in the pathophysiology of endometriosis. Methods This study investigated the miRNA expression profile of serum exosomes from women with endometriosis in comparison with normal controls as well as the possible role of identified miRNAs in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. Exosomes with a diameter between 60 and 100 nm were identified by their expression of exosomal marker proteins CD9 and CD63. Results Microarray miRNA expression profiling analysis revealed that 26 genes were significantly up-regulated and 19 genes were significantly down-regulated in serum exosomes from endometriosis patients compared with normal controls. These differentially expressed miRNAs were mainly enriched in the regulation of cellular development, metabolism, and involved in the regulation of the MAPK and PI3k-Akt pathways. qRT-PCR analysis verified the differential expression of three miRNAs, miR-26b-5p, miR-215-5p, and miR-6795-3p. Conclusion Further analysis indicated that these differentially expressed miRNAs in serum exosomes may be involved in the pathogenesis of endometriosis and are related to the severity and certain symptoms of endometriosis. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00404-021-06227-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahong Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 139 Middle Renming Road, Changsha, 430011, Hunan, China
| | - Wen Yuan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 139 Middle Renming Road, Changsha, 430011, Hunan, China
| | - Hui Ding
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 139 Middle Renming Road, Changsha, 430011, Hunan, China
| | - Xianqing Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 139 Middle Renming Road, Changsha, 430011, Hunan, China.
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Posch F, Prinz F, Balihodzic A, Mayr C, Kiesslich T, Klec C, Jonas K, Barth DA, Riedl JM, Gerger A, Pichler M. MiR-200c-3p Modulates Cisplatin Resistance in Biliary Tract Cancer by ZEB1-Independent Mechanisms. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13163996. [PMID: 34439151 PMCID: PMC8392278 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13163996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Biliary tract cancer is a rare malignancy with poor overall survival. The majority of patients are faced with advanced disease stage. Cisplatin-based treatment schedules represent the mainstay of first-line therapeutic strategy, yet only a small portion of patients develop a treatment response. One of the main reasons is acquired drug resistance. Previous studies correlated certain microRNAs (miRNAs), including miR-200c-3p, with drug resistance in various cancer types. However, limited knowledge exists about miR-200c-3p expression and cisplatin resistance in biliary tract cancer. Thus, the main aim of this study was to investigate the influence of miR-200c-3p on the cisplatin resistance in this cancer entity. We demonstrated that miR-200c-3p contributes to cisplatin resistance independently of its known influence on ZEB1 expression. Abstract Biliary tract cancer is a major global health issue in cancer-related mortality. Therapeutic options are limited, and cisplatin-based treatment schedules represent the mainstay of first-line therapeutic strategies. Although the gain of survival by the addition of cisplatin to gemcitabine is moderate, acquired cisplatin resistance frequently leads to treatment failures with mechanisms that are still poorly understood. Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a dynamic process that changes the shape, function, and gene expression pattern of biliary tract cancer cells. In this study, we explored the influence of the EMT-regulating miR-200c-3p on cisplatin sensitivity in biliary tract cancer cells. Using gain of function experiments, we demonstrated that miR-200c-3p regulates epithelial cell markers through the downregulation of the transcription factor ZEB1. MiR-200c-3p upregulation led to a decreased sensitivity against cisplatin, as observed in transient overexpression models as well as in cell lines stably overexpressing miR-200c-3p. The underlying mechanism seems to be independent of miR-200c-3p’s influence on ZEB1 expression, as ZEB1 knockdown resulted in the opposite effect on cisplatin resistance, which was abolished when ZEB1 knockdown and miR-200c-3p overexpression occurred in parallel. Using a gene panel of 40 genes that were previously associated with cisplatin resistance, two (Dual Specificity Phosphatase 16 (DUSP16) and Stratifin (SFN)) were identified as significantly (>2 fold, p-value < 0.05) up-regulated in miR-200c-3p overexpressing cells. In conclusion, miR-200c-3p might be an important contributor to cisplatin resistance in biliary tract cancer, independently of its interaction with ZEB1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Posch
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Oncology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (F.P.); (F.P.); (A.B.); (C.K.); (K.J.); (D.A.B.); (J.M.R.); (A.G.)
| | - Felix Prinz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Oncology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (F.P.); (F.P.); (A.B.); (C.K.); (K.J.); (D.A.B.); (J.M.R.); (A.G.)
- Research Unit “Non-Coding RNAs and Genome Editing in Cancer”, Division of Oncology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Amar Balihodzic
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Oncology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (F.P.); (F.P.); (A.B.); (C.K.); (K.J.); (D.A.B.); (J.M.R.); (A.G.)
- Research Unit “Non-Coding RNAs and Genome Editing in Cancer”, Division of Oncology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Christian Mayr
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (C.M.); (T.K.)
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Clinics Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Tobias Kiesslich
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (C.M.); (T.K.)
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Clinics Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Christiane Klec
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Oncology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (F.P.); (F.P.); (A.B.); (C.K.); (K.J.); (D.A.B.); (J.M.R.); (A.G.)
- Research Unit “Non-Coding RNAs and Genome Editing in Cancer”, Division of Oncology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Katharina Jonas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Oncology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (F.P.); (F.P.); (A.B.); (C.K.); (K.J.); (D.A.B.); (J.M.R.); (A.G.)
- Research Unit “Non-Coding RNAs and Genome Editing in Cancer”, Division of Oncology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Dominik A. Barth
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Oncology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (F.P.); (F.P.); (A.B.); (C.K.); (K.J.); (D.A.B.); (J.M.R.); (A.G.)
- Research Unit “Non-Coding RNAs and Genome Editing in Cancer”, Division of Oncology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jakob M. Riedl
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Oncology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (F.P.); (F.P.); (A.B.); (C.K.); (K.J.); (D.A.B.); (J.M.R.); (A.G.)
| | - Armin Gerger
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Oncology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (F.P.); (F.P.); (A.B.); (C.K.); (K.J.); (D.A.B.); (J.M.R.); (A.G.)
| | - Martin Pichler
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Oncology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (F.P.); (F.P.); (A.B.); (C.K.); (K.J.); (D.A.B.); (J.M.R.); (A.G.)
- Research Unit “Non-Coding RNAs and Genome Editing in Cancer”, Division of Oncology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Correspondence:
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Extracellular Vesicles: New Tools for Early Diagnosis of Breast and Genitourinary Cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168430. [PMID: 34445131 PMCID: PMC8395117 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancers and cancers of the genitourinary tract are the most common malignancies among men and women and are still characterized by high mortality rates. In order to improve the outcomes, early diagnosis is crucial, ideally by applying non-invasive and specific biomarkers. A key role in this field is played by extracellular vesicles (EVs), lipid bilayer-delimited structures shed from the surface of almost all cell types, including cancer cells. Subcellular structures contained in EVs such as nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids can be isolated and exploited as biomarkers, since they directly stem from parental cells. Furthermore, it is becoming even more evident that different body fluids can also serve as sources of EVs for diagnostic purposes. In this review, EV isolation and characterization methods are described. Moreover, the potential contribution of EV cargo for diagnostic discovery purposes is described for each tumor.
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Špilak A, Brachner A, Kegler U, Neuhaus W, Noehammer C. Implications and pitfalls for cancer diagnostics exploiting extracellular vesicles. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 175:113819. [PMID: 34087328 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Early detection of cancer in order to facilitate timely therapeutic interventions is an unsolved problem in today's clinical diagnostics. Tumors are detected so far mostly after pathological symptoms have emerged (usually already in progressed disease states), within preventive screenings, or occasionally as incidental finding. The emergence of extracellular vesicle (EV) analytics in combination with liquid biopsy sampling opened a plethora of new possibilities for the detection of tumors (and other diseases). This review gives an overview of the diversity of currently known EV species and the relevant cargo molecules representing potential biomarkers to detect, identify and characterize tumor cells. A number of molecules reported in recent years to be valuable targets for different aspects of cancer diagnostics, are presented. Furthermore, we discuss (technical) challenges and pitfalls related to the various potential applications (screening, diagnosis, prognosis, monitoring) of liquid biopsy based EV analytics, and give an outlook to possible future directions of this emerging field in oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Špilak
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Center for Health and Bioresources, Competence Unit Molecular Diagnostics, Giefinggasse 4, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Brachner
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Center for Health and Bioresources, Competence Unit Molecular Diagnostics, Giefinggasse 4, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ulrike Kegler
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Center for Health and Bioresources, Competence Unit Molecular Diagnostics, Giefinggasse 4, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Winfried Neuhaus
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Center for Health and Bioresources, Competence Unit Molecular Diagnostics, Giefinggasse 4, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christa Noehammer
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Center for Health and Bioresources, Competence Unit Molecular Diagnostics, Giefinggasse 4, 1210 Vienna, Austria.
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lncRNA OIP5-AS1 Suppresses Cell Proliferation and Invasion of Endometrial Cancer by Regulating PTEN/AKT via Sponging miR-200c-3p. J Immunol Res 2021; 2021:4861749. [PMID: 34368370 PMCID: PMC8342140 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4861749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Endometrial carcinoma (EC) is one of the major gynecologic malignancy cancers affecting females with dismal prognosis and high mortality around the world. Numerous studies have proven that an aberrant level of long noncoding RNAs is present in many endometrial cancer patients, while the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear. Method The expression levels of lncRNA OIP5-AS1, miR200c-3p, and PTEN were measured by a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction in endometrial cancer tissue and endometrial cancer cells. CCK8 assay, wound-healing assay, and cell colony formation were applied to evaluate cell proliferation, cell migration, and cell colony formation ability. Cell cycle and cell apoptosis were detected by flow cytometry. The interactions between OIP5-AS1, miR200c-3p, and PTEN were explored by luciferase activity. Results In the present study, we demonstrated that long noncoding RNA OIP5-AS1 was significantly reduced in EC tissue compared with normal tissue. The lower expression level of OIP5-AS1 was also confirmed in four kinds of EC cell lines compared with the normal endometrial cell line. Gain- and loss-of-function of experiments indicated that upregulation of OIP5-AS1 could inhibit the proliferation, migration, and invasion of EC cells in vitro. Meanwhile, overexpression of OIP5-AS1 could also suppress the growth of tumor in the xenograft model. Moreover, further study revealed that miR-200c-3p could bind to OIP5-AS1, and the loss function of miR-200c-3p could reverse the elevated OIP5-AS1's inhibitory effect on the progression of EC. Furthermore, we found that downregulation of miR-200c-3p was inversely correlated with PTEN expression in EC cells. Reduced OIP5-AS1 could lead to the accumulation of miR-200c-3p, which could induce the upregulation of PTEN indirectly. Conclusion Our study demonstrated a novel molecular mechanism that lncRNA OIP5-AS1 could modulate the progression of EC by combining competitively with miR-200c-3p to control the PTEN/AKT pathway in EC cells, which might supply important information for developing novel therapeutic strategies for EC patients.
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Urine as a Source of Liquid Biopsy for Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13112652. [PMID: 34071230 PMCID: PMC8199052 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13112652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Tissue biopsy is essential for diagnosis and characterization of a tumor. Recently circulating tumor cells and other tumor-derived nucleic acid can be detected from blood, which is called liquid biopsy. Now this concept has been expanded to many other body fluids including urine. Urine is the least invasive method to obtain a liquid biopsy and can be done anywhere, which allows longitudinal repeated sampling. Here, we review the latest update on urine liquid biopsy in urological and non-urological cancers. Abstract Tissue biopsy is the gold standard for diagnosis and morphological and immunohistochemical analyses to characterize cancer. However, tissue biopsy usually requires an invasive procedure, and it can be challenging depending on the condition of the patient and the location of the tumor. Even liquid biopsy analysis of body fluids such as blood, saliva, gastric juice, sweat, tears and cerebrospinal fluid may require invasive procedures to obtain samples. Liquid biopsy can be applied to circulating tumor cells (CTCs) or nucleic acids (NAs) in blood. Recently, urine has gained popularity due to its less invasive sampling, ability to easily repeat samples, and ability to follow tumor evolution in real-time, making it a powerful tool for diagnosis and treatment monitoring in cancer patients. With the development and advancements in extraction methods of urinary substances, urinary NAs have been found to be closely related to carcinogenesis, metastasis, and therapeutic response, not only in urological cancers but also in non-urological cancers. This review mainly highlights the components of urine liquid biopsy and their utility and limitations in oncology, especially in non-urological cancers.
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Bunda S, Zuccato JA, Voisin MR, Wang JZ, Nassiri F, Patil V, Mansouri S, Zadeh G. Liquid Biomarkers for Improved Diagnosis and Classification of CNS Tumors. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4548. [PMID: 33925295 PMCID: PMC8123653 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Liquid biopsy, as a non-invasive technique for cancer diagnosis, has emerged as a major step forward in conquering tumors. Current practice in diagnosis of central nervous system (CNS) tumors involves invasive acquisition of tumor biopsy upon detection of tumor on neuroimaging. Liquid biopsy enables non-invasive, rapid, precise and, in particular, real-time cancer detection, prognosis and treatment monitoring, especially for CNS tumors. This approach can also uncover the heterogeneity of these tumors and will likely replace tissue biopsy in the future. Key components of liquid biopsy mainly include circulating tumor cells (CTC), circulating tumor nucleic acids (ctDNA, miRNA) and exosomes and samples can be obtained from the cerebrospinal fluid, plasma and serum of patients with CNS malignancies. This review covers current progress in application of liquid biopsies for diagnosis and monitoring of CNS malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Severa Bunda
- MacFeeters-Hamilton Center for Neuro-Oncology Research, 4-305 Princess Margaret Cancer Research Tower, 101 College Street, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; (S.B.); (J.A.Z.); (M.R.V.); (J.Z.W.); (F.N.); (V.P.); (S.M.)
| | - Jeffrey A. Zuccato
- MacFeeters-Hamilton Center for Neuro-Oncology Research, 4-305 Princess Margaret Cancer Research Tower, 101 College Street, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; (S.B.); (J.A.Z.); (M.R.V.); (J.Z.W.); (F.N.); (V.P.); (S.M.)
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada
| | - Mathew R. Voisin
- MacFeeters-Hamilton Center for Neuro-Oncology Research, 4-305 Princess Margaret Cancer Research Tower, 101 College Street, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; (S.B.); (J.A.Z.); (M.R.V.); (J.Z.W.); (F.N.); (V.P.); (S.M.)
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada
| | - Justin Z. Wang
- MacFeeters-Hamilton Center for Neuro-Oncology Research, 4-305 Princess Margaret Cancer Research Tower, 101 College Street, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; (S.B.); (J.A.Z.); (M.R.V.); (J.Z.W.); (F.N.); (V.P.); (S.M.)
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada
| | - Farshad Nassiri
- MacFeeters-Hamilton Center for Neuro-Oncology Research, 4-305 Princess Margaret Cancer Research Tower, 101 College Street, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; (S.B.); (J.A.Z.); (M.R.V.); (J.Z.W.); (F.N.); (V.P.); (S.M.)
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada
| | - Vikas Patil
- MacFeeters-Hamilton Center for Neuro-Oncology Research, 4-305 Princess Margaret Cancer Research Tower, 101 College Street, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; (S.B.); (J.A.Z.); (M.R.V.); (J.Z.W.); (F.N.); (V.P.); (S.M.)
| | - Sheila Mansouri
- MacFeeters-Hamilton Center for Neuro-Oncology Research, 4-305 Princess Margaret Cancer Research Tower, 101 College Street, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; (S.B.); (J.A.Z.); (M.R.V.); (J.Z.W.); (F.N.); (V.P.); (S.M.)
| | - Gelareh Zadeh
- MacFeeters-Hamilton Center for Neuro-Oncology Research, 4-305 Princess Margaret Cancer Research Tower, 101 College Street, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; (S.B.); (J.A.Z.); (M.R.V.); (J.Z.W.); (F.N.); (V.P.); (S.M.)
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada
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Abstract
Liquid biopsy is gaining importance in the context of analysis of circulating subcellular components, such as exosomes and nucleic acids, and the investigation of biological fluids is increasing because they express features common to the tissue of origin. Particularly, urine has become one of the most attractive biofluids in clinical practice due to its easy collection approach, its availability of large quantities, and its noninvasiveness. Furthermore, a peculiarity is that, compared to serum or plasma, urine is characterized by a simpler composition that improves isolation and identification of biomarkers. Recent studies have been associated with the investigation of mRNAs and microRNAs as potential noninvasive cancer biomarkers in urine, and to date, several approaches for isolating and measuring urinary nucleic acids have been established, despite still developing. This chapter aims at giving some main published evidences on urinary microRNAs and mRNAs, with the intent to consider their potential translational use in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Bandini
- Biosciences Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy.
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Abstract
Exosomes are bi-layered vesicles secreted by the cells in physiological and pathological conditions. They are involved in cell-cell communication facilitating the transfer of functional macromolecules, including DNA, RNA, proteins and lipids. In this chapter, we will focus on specific class of RNA, the microRNAs, that are shuttled from the exosome-producing cells to the recipient cells where they affect biological processes. We will describe the recent methodologies developed to detect and isolate exosomal microRNAs providing a suitable workflow that contributes to quickly expand the field of exosomes-derived microRNAs and their potential use as biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila Spada
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States.
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Hoshino I, Ishige F, Iwatate Y, Gunji H, Kuwayama N, Nabeya Y, Yokota H, Takeshita N, Iida K, Nagase H, Matsubara H. Cell-free microRNA-1246 in different body fluids as a diagnostic biomarker for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0248016. [PMID: 33690683 PMCID: PMC7946279 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma is a malignant tumor with unfavorable prognosis. In this study, we investigated the usefulness of microRNA (miR)-1246 detection in various body fluids as a biomarker for this disease. A total of 72 patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma were enrolled, and their blood, urine, and saliva samples were collected prior to treatment. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction of miR-1246 was performed, and pre- and postoperative and intraday fluctuations in its expression were examined. The expression of miR-1246 in the blood and urine was significantly higher in the patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma than in 50 healthy control subjects. Receiver operating characteristic curves showed that the area under the curve values were 0.91 (sensitivity 91.7%, specificity 76.0%), 0.82 (sensitivity 90.3%, specificity 62.0%), and 0.80 (sensitivity 83.3%, specificity 66.0%) in the serum, urine, and saliva, respectively. A relatively high diagnostic performance of miR-1246 was observed in all samples, which was better than that of the existing biomarkers squamous cell carcinoma antigen, carcinoembryonic antigen, and cytokeratin 19 fragment. No clear correlation was observed in the levels of miR-1246 expression among the three body fluids. Postoperatively, serum samples displayed significantly decreased miR-1246 levels. Although not significant, changes in the miR-1246 levels were observed at all collection times, with large fluctuations in the saliva. Meanwhile, serum miR-1246 expression was found to be associated with the disease prognosis. The results indicate that the levels of miR-1246 in the urine, saliva, and serum are a useful biomarker for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and support the use of urine samples instead of blood samples for noninvasive diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isamu Hoshino
- Division of Gastroenterological Surgery, Chiba Cancer Center, Chiba, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Fumitaka Ishige
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Chiba Cancer Center, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yosuke Iwatate
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Chiba Cancer Center, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hisashi Gunji
- Division of Gastroenterological Surgery, Chiba Cancer Center, Chiba, Japan
| | - Naoki Kuwayama
- Division of Gastroenterological Surgery, Chiba Cancer Center, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Nabeya
- Division of Gastroenterological Surgery, Chiba Cancer Center, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hajime Yokota
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Radiation Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Nobuyoshi Takeshita
- Division of Surgical Technology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan
| | - Keiko Iida
- Department of Frontier Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroki Nagase
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hisahiro Matsubara
- Department of Frontier Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
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Esfandyari S, Elkafas H, Chugh RM, Park HS, Navarro A, Al-Hendy A. Exosomes as Biomarkers for Female Reproductive Diseases Diagnosis and Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22042165. [PMID: 33671587 PMCID: PMC7926632 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22042165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-cell communication is an essential mechanism for the maintenance and development of various organs, including the female reproductive system. Today, it is well-known that the function of the female reproductive system and successful pregnancy are related to appropriate follicular growth, oogenesis, implantation, embryo development, and proper fertilization, dependent on the main regulators of cellular crosstalk, exosomes. During exosome synthesis, selective packaging of different factors into these vesicles happens within the originating cells. Therefore, exosomes contain both genetic and proteomic data that could be applied as biomarkers or therapeutic targets in pregnancy-associated disorders or placental functions. In this context, the present review aims to compile information about the potential exosomes with key molecular cargos that are dysregulated in female reproductive diseases which lead to infertility, including polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), premature ovarian failure (POF), Asherman syndrome, endometriosis, endometrial cancer, cervical cancer, ovarian cancer, and preeclampsia, as well as signaling pathways related to the regulation of the reproductive system and pregnancy outcome during these pathological conditions. This review might help us realize the etiology of reproductive dysfunction and improve the early diagnosis and treatment of the related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Esfandyari
- Department of Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (S.E.); (H.E.); (R.M.C.)
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Hoda Elkafas
- Department of Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (S.E.); (H.E.); (R.M.C.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Egyptian Drug Authority (EDA) Formally, (NODCAR), Cairo 35521, Egypt
| | - Rishi Man Chugh
- Department of Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (S.E.); (H.E.); (R.M.C.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Hang-soo Park
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (H.-s.P.); (A.N.)
| | - Antonia Navarro
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (H.-s.P.); (A.N.)
| | - Ayman Al-Hendy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (H.-s.P.); (A.N.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-773-832-0742
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Srivastava A, Rathore S, Munshi A, Ramesh R. Extracellular Vesicles in Oncology: from Immune Suppression to Immunotherapy. AAPS J 2021; 23:30. [PMID: 33586060 PMCID: PMC7882565 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-021-00554-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are involved in cell-to-cell communication and play a crucial role in cellular physiology. The role of exosomes in cancer has been widely explored. Tumor cells have evolved and adapted to evade the immune response. The study of the immune system's modulations in favor of rogue tumor cells led to the development of a novel immunotherapeutic strategy targeting the immune checkpoint proteins (ICPs). In clinical settings, the response to ICP therapy has been inconsistent and is difficult to predict. Quantitating the targeted ICPs through immunohistochemistry is one approach, but is not pragmatic in a clinical setting and is often not sensitive. Examining the molecules present in bodily fluids to determine ICP treatment response, "liquid biopsy" is a convenient alternative. The term "liquid biopsy" refers to circulating tumor cells (CTCs), extracellular vesicles (EVs), non-coding (nc) RNA, circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), circulating free DNA (cfDNA), etc. EVs includes exosomes, microvesicles, and oncosomes. Herein, we focus on exosomes isolated from bodily fluids and their use in liquid biopsy. Due to their unique ability to transfer bioactive molecules and perturb the physiology of recipient cells, exosomes have garnered attention for their immune modulation role and as a resource to identify molecules associated with liquid biopsy-based diagnostic methods. In this review, we examine the putative role of exosomes and their cargo in influencing the immune system. We discuss the immune and tumor cells present in the tumor microenvironment (TME), and the exosomes derived from these cells to understand how they participate in creating the immune-suppressive TME. Additionally, use of exosomes in liquid biopsy-based methods to measure the treatment response elicited by immunotherapy is discussed. Finally, we describe how exosomes have been used to develop immune therapies, especially cell-free vaccines, for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhil Srivastava
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 N.E., 10th Street, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, 73104, USA
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, 73104, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Shipra Rathore
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 N.E., 10th Street, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, 73104, USA
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, 73104, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Anupama Munshi
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, 73104, Oklahoma, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 N.E., 10th Street, Oklahoma City, 73104, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Rajagopal Ramesh
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 N.E., 10th Street, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, 73104, USA.
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, 73104, Oklahoma, USA.
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, 73104, Oklahoma, USA.
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Hashemipour M, Boroumand H, Mollazadeh S, Tajiknia V, Nourollahzadeh Z, Rohani Borj M, Pourghadamyari H, Rahimian N, Hamblin MR, Mirzaei H. Exosomal microRNAs and exosomal long non-coding RNAs in gynecologic cancers. Gynecol Oncol 2021; 161:314-327. [PMID: 33581845 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2021.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Gynecologic cancer is a group of any malignancies affecting reproductive tissues and organs of women, including ovaries, uterine, cervix, vagina, vulva, and endometrium. Several types of molecular mechanisms are associated with the progression of gynecologic cancers. Among it can be referred to the most widely studied non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), specifically microRNAs (miRNAs) and long ncRNAs (lncRNAs). As yet, lncRNAs are known to serve key biological roles via various mechanisms, such as splicing regulation, chromatin rearrangement, translation regulation, cell-cycle control, genetic imprinting and mRNA decay. Besides, miRNAs govern gene expression by modulation of mRNAs and lncRNAs degradation, suggestive of needing more research in this field. Generally, driving gynecological cancers pathways by miRNAs and lncRNAs lead to the current improvement in cancer-related technologies. Exosomes are extracellular microvesicles which can carry cargo molecules among cells. In recent years, more studies have been focused on exosomal non-coding RNAs (exo-ncRNAs) and exosomal microRNAs (exo-miRs) because of being natural carriers of lnc RNAs and microRNAs via programmed process. In this review we summarized recent reports concerning the function of exosomal microRNAs and exosomal long non-coding RNAs in gynecological cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Homa Boroumand
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Samaneh Mollazadeh
- Natural Products and Medicinal Plants Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Vida Tajiknia
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mina Rohani Borj
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hossein Pourghadamyari
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Neda Rahimian
- Endocrine Research Center, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran.
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa.
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
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Mishra A, Ashary N, Sharma R, Modi D. Extracellular vesicles in embryo implantation and disorders of the endometrium. Am J Reprod Immunol 2021; 85:e13360. [PMID: 33064348 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Implantation of the embryo is a rate-limiting step for a successful pregnancy, and it requires an intricate crosstalk between the embryo and the endometrium. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-enclosed, nano-sized structures produced by cells to mediate cell to cell communication and modulate a diverse set of biological processes. Herein, we review the involvement of EVs in the process of embryo implantation and endometrial diseases. EVs have been isolated from uterine fluid, cultured endometrial epithelial/stromal cells and trophectodermal cells. The endometrial epithelial and stromal/decidual cell-derived EVs and its cargo are internalized bythe trophoblast cells, and they regulate a diverse set of genes involved in adhesion, invasion and migration. Conversely, the embryo-derived EVs and its cargo are internalized by epithelial and immune cells of the endometrium for biosensing and immunomodulation required for successful implantation. EVs have also been shown to play a role in infertility, recurrent implantation failure, endometriosis, endometritis and endometrial cancer. Further research should set a stage for EVs as non-invasive "liquid biopsy" tools for assessment of endometrial health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuradha Mishra
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Laboratory, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), Mumbai, India
| | - Nancy Ashary
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Laboratory, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), Mumbai, India
| | - Richa Sharma
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Laboratory, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), Mumbai, India
| | - Deepak Modi
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Laboratory, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), Mumbai, India
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43
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Njoku K, O'Flynn H, Jones E, Ramchander NC, White H, Macey R, Crosbie EJ. Screening tests for endometrial cancer in the general population. Hippokratia 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd013859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kelechi Njoku
- Division of Cancer Sciences; Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester; Manchester UK
| | - Helena O'Flynn
- Division of Cancer Sciences; Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester; Manchester UK
| | - Eleanor Jones
- Division of Cancer Sciences; Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester; Manchester UK
| | - Neal C Ramchander
- Division of Cancer Sciences; Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester; Manchester UK
| | - Helen White
- Division of Population Health, Health Services Research & Primary Care, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health; The University of Manchester ; Manchester UK
| | - Richard Macey
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS); University of Oxford; Oxford UK
| | - Emma J Crosbie
- Division of Cancer Sciences; Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester; Manchester UK
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre; Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust; Manchester UK
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44
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Bai Y, Guo J, Liu Z, Li Y, Jin S, Wang T. The Role of Exosomes in the Female Reproductive System and Breast Cancers. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:12567-12586. [PMID: 33324075 PMCID: PMC7733408 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s281909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are nanoscale extracellular vesicles released by nearly all cell types. Exosomes were originally considered as waste receptacles for discarding unwanted cellular products; however, these organelles are now considered to be important for cell communication by delivering biologically active molecules such as proteins, DNA, non-coding RNA and mRNA. Studies have revealed that exosomes are closely related to several diseases, especially cancers. Exosomes are indispensable for the emergence and progression of tumor. Here, we review the status of research on exosomes in the female reproductive system cancers and breast cancer, focusing on their biological roles in chemical resistance and immune responses, as well as their underlying applications in drug delivery and nanotherapy and as biological markers for tumor diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Bai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Guo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongshan Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunfeng Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Shunzi Jin
- NHC Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Tiejun Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
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Njoku K, Chiasserini D, Jones ER, Barr CE, O’Flynn H, Whetton AD, Crosbie EJ. Urinary Biomarkers and Their Potential for the Non-Invasive Detection of Endometrial Cancer. Front Oncol 2020; 10:559016. [PMID: 33224875 PMCID: PMC7670058 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.559016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer is the most common malignancy of the female genital tract and its incidence is rising in parallel with the mounting prevalence of obesity. Early diagnosis has great potential to improve outcomes as treatment can be curative, especially for early stage disease. Current tests and procedures for diagnosis are limited by insufficient accuracy in some and unacceptable levels of invasiveness and discomfort in others. There has, therefore, been a growing interest in the search for sensitive and specific biomarkers for endometrial cancer detection based on non-invasive sampling methodologies. Urine, the prototype non-invasive sample, is attractive for biomarker discovery as it is easily accessible and can be collected repeatedly and in quantity. Identification of urinary biomarkers for endometrial cancer detection relies on the excretion of systemic biomarkers by the kidneys or urinary contamination by biomarkers shed from the uterus. In this review, we present the current standing of the search for endometrial cancer urinary biomarkers based on cytology, genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic platforms. We summarize the biomarker candidates and highlight the challenges inherent in urinary biomarker discovery. We review the various technologies with promise for biomarker detection and assess these novel approaches for endometrial cancer biomarker research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelechi Njoku
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, St. Mary’s Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Stoller Biomarker Discovery Centre, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Davide Chiasserini
- Stoller Biomarker Discovery Centre, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Section of Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Eleanor R. Jones
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, St. Mary’s Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Chloe E. Barr
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, St. Mary’s Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Helena O’Flynn
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, St. Mary’s Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony D. Whetton
- Stoller Biomarker Discovery Centre, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Emma J. Crosbie
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, St. Mary’s Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
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46
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van den Helder R, Wever BMM, van Trommel NE, van Splunter AP, Mom CH, Kasius JC, Bleeker MCG, Steenbergen RDM. Non-invasive detection of endometrial cancer by DNA methylation analysis in urine. Clin Epigenetics 2020; 12:165. [PMID: 33143739 PMCID: PMC7640380 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-020-00958-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The incidence of endometrial cancer is rising, and current diagnostics often require invasive biopsy procedures. Urine may offer an alternative sample type, which is easily accessible and allows repetitive self-sampling at home. Here, we set out to investigate the feasibility of endometrial cancer detection in urine using DNA methylation analysis. Results Urine samples of endometrial cancer patients (n = 42) and healthy controls (n = 46) were separated into three fractions (full void urine, urine sediment, and urine supernatant) and tested for three DNA methylation markers (GHSR, SST, ZIC1). Strong to very strong correlations (r = 0.77–0.92) were found amongst the different urine fractions. All DNA methylation markers showed increased methylation levels in patients as compared to controls, in all urine fractions. The highest diagnostic potential for endometrial cancer detection in urine was found in full void urine, with area under the receiver operating characteristic curve values ranging from 0.86 to 0.95. Conclusions This feasibility study demonstrates, for the first time, that DNA methylation analysis in urine could provide a non-invasive alternative for the detection of endometrial cancer. Further investigation is warranted to validate its clinical usefulness. Potential applications of this diagnostic approach include the screening of asymptomatic women, triaging women with postmenopausal bleeding symptoms, and monitoring women with increased endometrial cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rianne van den Helder
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Pathology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Antoni van Leeuwenhoek/Netherlands Cancer Institute, Center of Gynecologic Oncology Amsterdam, Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Birgit M M Wever
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Pathology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nienke E van Trommel
- Antoni van Leeuwenhoek/Netherlands Cancer Institute, Center of Gynecologic Oncology Amsterdam, Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Annina P van Splunter
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Pathology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Constantijne H Mom
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Center of Gynecologic Oncology Amsterdam, Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jenneke C Kasius
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Center of Gynecologic Oncology Amsterdam, Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maaike C G Bleeker
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Pathology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Renske D M Steenbergen
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Pathology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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47
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Herrero C, Abal M, Muinelo-Romay L. Circulating Extracellular Vesicles in Gynecological Tumors: Realities and Challenges. Front Oncol 2020; 10:565666. [PMID: 33178595 PMCID: PMC7591787 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.565666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Although liquid biopsy can be considered a reality for the clinical management of some cancers, such as lung or colorectal cancer, it remains a promising field in gynecological tumors. In particular, circulating extracellular vesicles (cEVs) secreted by tumor cells represent a scarcely explored type of liquid biopsy in gynecological tumors. Importantly, these vesicles are responsible for key steps in tumor development and dissemination and are recognized as major players in cell-to-cell communication between the tumor and the microenvironment. However, limited work has been reported about the biologic effects and clinical value of EVs in gynecological tumors. Therefore, here we review the promising but already relatively limited data on the role of circulating EVs in promoting gynecological tumor spread and also their value as non-invasive biomarkers to improve the management of these type of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Herrero
- Translational Medical Oncology Group (Oncomet), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Nasasbiotech, S.L., A Coruña, Spain
| | - Miguel Abal
- Translational Medical Oncology Group (Oncomet), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Nasasbiotech, S.L., A Coruña, Spain
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Muinelo-Romay
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
- Liquid Biopsy Analysis Unit, Translational Medical Oncology (Oncomet), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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48
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Estébanez B, Jiménez-Pavón D, Huang CJ, Cuevas MJ, González-Gallego J. Effects of exercise on exosome release and cargo in in vivo and ex vivo models: A systematic review. J Cell Physiol 2020; 236:3336-3353. [PMID: 33037627 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Exercise-released exosomes have been identified as novel players to mediate cell-to-cell communication in promoting systemic beneficial effects. This review aimed to systematically investigate the effects of exercise on exosome release and cargo, as well as provide an overview of their physiological implications. Among the 436 articles obtained in the database search (WOS, Scopus, and PubMed), 19 articles were included based on eligibility criteria. Results indicate that exercise promotes the release of exosomes without modification of its vesicle size. The literature has primarily shown an exercise-driven increase in exosome markers (Alix, CD63, CD81, and Flot-1), along with other exosome-carried proteins, into circulation. However, exosome isolation, characterization, and phenotyping methodology, as well as timing of sample recovery following exercise can influence the analysis and interpretation of findings. Moreover, a large number of exosome-carried microRNAs (miRNAs), including miR-1, miR-133a, miR-133b, miR-206, and miR-486, in response to exercise are involved in the modulation of proliferation and differentiation of skeletal muscle tissue, although antigen-presenting cells, leukocytes, endothelial cells, and platelets are the main sources of exosome release into the circulation. Collectively, with the physiological implications as evidenced by the ex vivo trials, the release of exercise-promoted exosomes and their cargo could provide the potential therapeutic applications via the role of intercellular communication.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David Jiménez-Pavón
- Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, MOVE-IT Research Group, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain.,Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz (INiBICA) Research Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Chun-Jung Huang
- Department of Exercise Science and Health Promotion, Exercise Biochemistry Laboratory, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida, USA
| | - María J Cuevas
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, León, Spain
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49
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Zhang Y, Bi J, Huang J, Tang Y, Du S, Li P. Exosome: A Review of Its Classification, Isolation Techniques, Storage, Diagnostic and Targeted Therapy Applications. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:6917-6934. [PMID: 33061359 PMCID: PMC7519827 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s264498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 553] [Impact Index Per Article: 138.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are nano-sized small extracellular vesicles secreted by cells, carrying nucleic acids, proteins, lipids and other bioactive substances to play a role in the body's physiological and pathological processes. Compared to synthetic carriers such as liposomes and nanoparticles, the endogeneity and heterogeneity of exosomes give them extensive and unique advantages in the field of disease diagnosis and treatment. However, the storage stability, low yield, low purity, and weak targeting of exosomes limit its clinical application. For this reason, further exploration is needed to optimize the above problems and facilitate future functional studies of exosomes. In this paper, the origin, classification, preparation and characterization, storage stability and applications of exosome delivery system are summarized and discussed by searching a large number of literatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiayao Bi
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiayi Huang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanan Tang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shouying Du
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengyue Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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50
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den Helder RV, Wever BM, van Trommel JA, Ket JC, Bleeker MC, Steenbergen RD, van Trommel NE. DNA methylation markers for endometrial cancer detection in minimally invasive samples: a systematic review. Epigenomics 2020; 12:1661-1672. [PMID: 32938224 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2020-0164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: DNA methylation testing for endometrial cancer detection in minimally invasive specimens is a promising tool to improve screening and diagnostic procedures. Available literature was systematically reviewed to assess the potential of this approach and define methylation markers deserving further development. Methods: A systematic search up to March 31 2020 was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Results: 15 methylation markers with an area under the curve value of ≥ 0.80 for endometrial cancer detection in cytological specimens were selected from nine studies. Conclusion: Detection of methylation markers in cytological samples indicate the feasibility of minimally invasive testing methods, potentially guiding diagnosis and detection of endometrial cancer in high-risk women and in cancer screening programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rianne van den Helder
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Pathology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Antoni van Leeuwenhoek/Netherlands Cancer Institute, Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Centre of Gynecologic Oncology Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Birgit Mm Wever
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Pathology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jip A van Trommel
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Pathology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Maaike Cg Bleeker
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Pathology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Renske Dm Steenbergen
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Pathology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nienke E van Trommel
- Antoni van Leeuwenhoek/Netherlands Cancer Institute, Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Centre of Gynecologic Oncology Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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