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Srinivas NR, Kallem RR, Bartlett MG. Considerations and perspectives on the practice of incurred sample reanalysis assessment for chiral drugs. Biomed Chromatogr 2024; 38:e5954. [PMID: 38962861 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Given the inherent complexities of bioanalysis, the role of incurred sample reanalysis (ISR) is increasingly appreciated in regulatory bioanalysis. Incurred sample reanalysis has evolved as an integral part of an assay to ensure method reproducibility. The current regulatory ISR guidelines do not provide clarity regarding ISR assessment for chiral drugs comprising enantiomers. Because chiral assays evaluate two enantiomers, there are additional complexities associated with the ISR data generation and interpretation. Based on the current literature, the practices for conducting ISR in chiral methods were reviewed and assessed. While ISR was conducted in chiral methods for both enantiomers using the acceptance criteria prescribed for non-chiral methods, there may be a need to streamline the nuances of ISR data interpretation and define the ISR requirements for chiral methods. The article provides perspectives on the ISR of enantiomeric drugs, including strategy development, by providing various hypothetical scenarios and possible considerations for defining ISR evaluation for chiral assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuggehally R Srinivas
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, Longboard Pharmaceuticals, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Raja Reddy Kallem
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, Longboard Pharmaceuticals, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Michael G Bartlett
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
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Srinivas NR, Bartlett MG. Incurred sample reanalysis (ISR) in clinical bioanalysis-Is it really a one-size-fits-all solution? Biomed Chromatogr 2024; 38:e5843. [PMID: 38316616 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Nuggehally R Srinivas
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, Longboard Pharmaceuticals, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Michael G Bartlett
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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Angelini F, Widera P, Mobasheri A, Blair J, Struglics A, Uebelhoer M, Henrotin Y, Marijnissen AC, Kloppenburg M, Blanco FJ, Haugen IK, Berenbaum F, Ladel C, Larkin J, Bay-Jensen AC, Bacardit J. Osteoarthritis endotype discovery via clustering of biochemical marker data. Ann Rheum Dis 2022; 81:666-675. [PMID: 35246457 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-221763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Osteoarthritis (OA) patient stratification is an important challenge to design tailored treatments and drive drug development. Biochemical markers reflecting joint tissue turnover were measured in the IMI-APPROACH cohort at baseline and analysed using a machine learning approach in order to study OA-dominant phenotypes driven by the endotype-related clusters and discover the driving features and their disease-context meaning. METHOD Data quality assessment was performed to design appropriate data preprocessing techniques. The k-means clustering algorithm was used to find dominant subgroups of patients based on the biochemical markers data. Classification models were trained to predict cluster membership, and Explainable AI techniques were used to interpret these to reveal the driving factors behind each cluster and identify phenotypes. Statistical analysis was performed to compare differences between clusters with respect to other markers in the IMI-APPROACH cohort and the longitudinal disease progression. RESULTS Three dominant endotypes were found, associated with three phenotypes: C1) low tissue turnover (low repair and articular cartilage/subchondral bone turnover), C2) structural damage (high bone formation/resorption, cartilage degradation) and C3) systemic inflammation (joint tissue degradation, inflammation, cartilage degradation). The method achieved consistent results in the FNIH/OAI cohort. C1 had the highest proportion of non-progressors. C2 was mostly linked to longitudinal structural progression, and C3 was linked to sustained or progressive pain. CONCLUSIONS This work supports the existence of differential phenotypes in OA. The biomarker approach could potentially drive stratification for OA clinical trials and contribute to precision medicine strategies for OA progression in the future. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT03883568.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paweł Widera
- School of Computing, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Ali Mobasheri
- Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania.,Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Joint Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Public Health Aspects of Musculoskeletal Health and Aging, Liege, Belgium
| | - Joseph Blair
- ImmunoScience, Nordic Bioscience, Herlev, Denmark
| | - André Struglics
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Orthopaedics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Yves Henrotin
- Artialis SA, Liège, Belgium.,Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | | | - Margreet Kloppenburg
- Rheumatology, Leiden Universitair Medisch Centrum, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden Universitair Medisch Centrum, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Francisco J Blanco
- Servicio de Reumatologia, INIBIC-Hospital Universitario A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Ida K Haugen
- Division of Rheumatology and Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Francis Berenbaum
- Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | - Jaume Bacardit
- School of Computing, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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A systematic review on chromatography-based method validation for quantification of vancomycin in biological matrices. Bioanalysis 2020; 12:1767-1786. [PMID: 33275028 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2020-0230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A fully validated bioanalytical methods are prerequisite for pharmacokinetic and bioequivalence studies as well as for therapeutic drug monitoring. Due to high pharmacokinetic variability and narrow therapeutic index, vancomycin requires reliable quantification methods for therapeutic drug monitoring. To identify published chromatographic based bioanalytical methods for vancomycin in current systematic review, PubMed and ScienceDirect databases were searched. The selected records were evaluated against the method validation criteria derived from international guidelines for critical assessment. The major deficiencies were identified in method validation parameters specifically for accuracy, precision and number of calibration and validation standards, which compromised the reliability of the validated bioanalytical methods. The systematic review enacts to adapt the recommended international guidelines for suggested validation parameters to make bioanalysis reliable.
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Kiran V, Dixit A, Gabani BB, Srinivas NR, Mullangi R. Novel methodology to perform incurred sample reanalysis on dried blood spot cards: Experimental data using darolutamide and filgotinib. Biomed Chromatogr 2020; 34:e4938. [PMID: 32614457 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Different options on performing incurred sample reanalysis (ISR) on dried blood spot (DBS) cards were investigated using drugs belonging to various therapeutic areas: (a) darolutamide (to treat prostate cancer) and (b) filgotinib (to treat rheumatoid arthritis). The proposed novel methodology included the generation of half-DBS and quarter-DBS discs after initial blood collection using the full-DBS discs. Accordingly, blood collection via DBS was performed in male BALB/c mice following intravenous and oral dosing of darolutamide; in male Sprague Dawley rats following intravenous and oral dosing of filgotinib. The ISR data generated from the full-DBS disc, half-DBS disc and quarter-DBS disc were compared for the assessment of the proposed methodology. Quantification of darolutamide and filgotinib was accomplished using liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization/tandem mass spectrometry methods. Darolutamide and filgotinib ISR samples, which were collected and prepared using full-, half- and quarter-DBS discs, met the acceptance criteria for ISR analysis. In conclusion, this is the first report showing a viable tool for the performance of ISR on DBS cards. The use of quarter- or half-DBS discs would aid in not only ISR but also in long-term storage experiments of analytes because it would avoid the need for additional blood sampling in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinay Kiran
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Jubilant Biosys, Industrial Suburb, Yeshwanthpur, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Abhishek Dixit
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Jubilant Biosys, Industrial Suburb, Yeshwanthpur, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Bhavesh Babulal Gabani
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Jubilant Biosys, Industrial Suburb, Yeshwanthpur, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Ramesh Mullangi
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Jubilant Biosys, Industrial Suburb, Yeshwanthpur, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
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A comprehensive quality control system suitable for academic research: application in a pediatric study. Bioanalysis 2020; 12:319-333. [PMID: 32129082 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2019-0242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim:
Clinical research in pediatrics is progressively initiated by academia. As the reliability of pharmacodynamic measures is closely linked to the quality of bioanalytical data, bioanalytical quality assurance is crucial. However, clear guidance on comprehensive bioanalytical quality monitoring in the academic environment is lacking.
Methods & results:
By applying regulatory guidelines, international recommendations and scientific discussions, a five-step quality control system for monitoring the bioanalysis of aldosterone by immunoassay was developed. It comprised performance qualification, calibration curve evaluation, analysis of the intra- and inter-run performance via quality control samples, incurred sample reanalysis and external quality assessment by interlaboratory testing. A total of 55 out of 70 runs were qualified for the quantification of aldosterone in the study sample enabling the evaluation of 954 pediatric samples and demonstrating reliability over the 29-month bioanalysis period.
Conclusion:
The bioanalytical quality control system successfully monitored the aldosterone assay performance and proved its applicability in the academic environment.
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Suessenbach FK, Makowski N, Feickert M, Gangnus T, Tins J, Burckhardt BB, Läer S, Breitkreutz J, Klingmann I, Lagler F, de Hoon J, Dalinghaus M, Bajcetic M, de Wildt S, Clarke AK, Breur J, Male C, Ablonczy L, Mir T, Vukomanovic V, Dukic M, Jovanovic I, Burckhardt BB, Cawello W, Kleine K, Moder A, Obarcanin E, Wagner P, Walsh J, van Hecken A, Spatenkova L, Ali M, Božić B, Burdman MBI, Ciplea A, Faisal M, Farahani S, Feickert M, Gangnus T, Lazic M, Makowski N, Suessenbach F, van der Meulen M, Popović S, Parezanović M, Smeets N, Swoboda V, Bojanin D, Đorđević S, Dragić J, Holle AK, Jovičić B, Košutić J, Kozomara G, Majid H, Mitrović J, Ninić S, Parezanovic M, Parezanovic V, Pavlović A, Prijić S, Rebić B, Stefanović I, Tordas D, Vulićević I, Bartels A, Čeko A, Herborts M, Hennink A, Kosanović B, Kostic S, Isailović L, Maksimovic J, Manai B, Martinović N, Máté G, Perišić M, Reljić J, Salamomovic RPM, Schlesner C, Tins J, Wissmann E. A quality control system for ligand-binding assay of plasma renin activity: Proof-of-concept within a pharmacodynamic study. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 181:113090. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2019.113090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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European Bioanalysis Forum feedback on draft ICH M10 guideline on bioanalytical method validation during the Step 2b public consultation period. Bioanalysis 2020; 12:1-11. [DOI: 10.4155/bio-2020-0065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Once released, the ICH M10 Guideline on bioanalytical method validation will become one of the most important milestones in the history of regulated bioanalysis, closing a chapter on intense discussions among the industry and health authorities started in Crystal City in 2001. In this manuscript, the European Bioanalysis Forum community reports back on their feedback on the ICH M10 draft guideline gathered during the public consultation period. The comments given are intended to contribute to a guideline that combines several decades of experience and current scientific vision. They should provide future generations of bioanalytical scientist a regulatory framework so their bioanalytical work can contribute to safe, effective and high-quality medicines, which can be developed and registered in the most resource-efficient manner.
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Gabani BB, Kiran V, Praharaj S, Srinivas NR, Mullangi R. Incurred sample reanalysis of cefuroxime in rabbit ocular tissues-A case study. Biomed Chromatogr 2020; 34:e4737. [PMID: 31950509 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we present the incurred sample reanalysis (ISR) data for cefuroxime in various ocular tissues of rabbits. Based on the cefuroxime concentration vs. time profile in various ocular tissues, three chosen time points enabled ISR assessment. Cefuroxime was quantitated in the ocular tissues using a published liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization/tandem mass spectrometry method operated under the multiple reaction-monitoring mode in positive ion mode. Regardless of the ocular tissue, the linearity range was 12.7-2760 ng/ml with a correlation coefficient (r2 ) of ≥0.996. All of the ISR samples representing various ocular tissues met the acceptance criteria. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report showing the ISR of ocular tissues in any species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vinay Kiran
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Yeshwanthpur, Bangalore, India
| | - Shuvranshu Praharaj
- Department of Biology, Jubilant Biosys, Industrial Suburb, Yeshwanthpur, Bangalore, India
| | | | - Ramesh Mullangi
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Yeshwanthpur, Bangalore, India
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Ali M, Tins J, Burckhardt BB. Fit-for-Purpose Quality Control System in Continuous Bioanalysis During Long-Term Pediatric Studies. AAPS JOURNAL 2019; 21:104. [DOI: 10.1208/s12248-019-0375-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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