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Gholap AD, Pardeshi SR, Hatvate NT, Dhorkule N, Sayyad SF, Faiyazuddin M, Khalid M. Environmental implications and nanotechnological advances in octocrylene-enriched sunscreen formulations: A comprehensive review. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 358:142235. [PMID: 38705416 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is a major contributor to skin aging, cancer, and other detrimental health effects. Sunscreens containing FDA-approved UV filters, like avobenzone, offer protection but suffer from photodegradation and potential phototoxicity. Encapsulation, antioxidants, and photostabilizers are strategies employed to combat these drawbacks. Octocrylene, an organic UV filter, utilizes nanotechnology to enhance sun protection factor (SPF). This review examines recent literature on octocrylene-enriched sunscreens, exploring the interplay between environmental impact, nanotechnological advancements, and clinical trial insights. A critical focus is placed on the environmental consequences of sunscreen use, particularly the potential hazards UV filters pose to marine ecosystems. Research in the Mediterranean Sea suggests bacterial sensitivity to these filters, raising concerns about their integration into the food chain. This review aims to guide researchers in developing effective strategies for photostabilization of UV filters. By combining encapsulation, photostabilizers, and antioxidants, researchers can potentially reduce phototoxic effects and contribute to developing more environmentally friendly sunscreens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amol D Gholap
- St. John Institute of Pharmacy and Research, Palghar, 401404, Maharashtra, India; Department of Pharmaceutics, Amrutvahini College of Pharmacy, Sangamner, 422608, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sagar R Pardeshi
- St. John Institute of Pharmacy and Research, Palghar, 401404, Maharashtra, India
| | - Navnath T Hatvate
- Institute of Chemical Technology, Marathwada Campus, Jalna, Maharashtra, 431203, India
| | - Nilesh Dhorkule
- St. John Institute of Pharmacy and Research, Palghar, 401404, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sadikali F Sayyad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Amrutvahini College of Pharmacy, Sangamner, 422608, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Md Faiyazuddin
- School of Pharmacy, Al-Karim University, Katihar, Bihar, 854106, India; Centre for Global Health Research, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Mohammad Khalid
- Sunway Centre for Electrochemical Energy and Sustainable Technology (SCEEST), School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, No. 5, Jalan University, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia; Centre of Research Impact and Outcome, Chitkara University, Punjab, 140401 India; Chitkara Centre for Research and Development, Chitkara University, Himachal Pradesh 174103, India.
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2
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Pei J, Hu J, Zhang R, Liu N, Yu W, Yan A, Han M, Liu H, Huang X, Yu K. Occurrence, bioaccumulation and ecological risk of organic ultraviolet absorbers in multiple coastal and offshore coral communities of the South China Sea. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 868:161611. [PMID: 36646224 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of organic ultraviolet absorbers (OUVAs) in coral reef regions has aroused widespread concern. This study focused on the occurrence, distribution, bioaccumulation and ecological risk of ten OUVAs in both coastal and offshore coral reef regions in the South China Sea. While the Σ10OUVAs was 85 % lower in the offshore seawater (15.1 ng/L) than in the coastal seawater (102.1 ng/L), the Σ10OUVAs was 21 % lower in the offshore corals (1.82 μg/g dry weight (dw)) than in the coastal corals (2.31 μg/g dw). This difference was speculated to relate to the high intensity of human activities in the coastal regions. Moreover, the offshore corals showed higher bioaccumulative capability toward OUVAs (log bioaccumulation factors (BAFs): 1.22-5.07) than the coastal corals (log BAFs: 0.17-4.38), which was presumably the influence of varied physiological status under different environmental conditions. The results of the ecological risk assessment showed that BP-3 resulted in 73 % of coastal corals and 20 % of offshore corals at a risk of bleaching. Therefore, the usage and discharge of BP-3 should be managed and controlled by the countries adjacent to the South China Sea for the protection of coral reefs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiying Pei
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Coral Reef Research Center of China, School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
| | - Junjie Hu
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Coral Reef Research Center of China, School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Ruijie Zhang
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Coral Reef Research Center of China, School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519080, China.
| | - Nai Liu
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Coral Reef Research Center of China, School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Wenfeng Yu
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Coral Reef Research Center of China, School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
| | - Annan Yan
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Coral Reef Research Center of China, School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Minwei Han
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Coral Reef Research Center of China, School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
| | - Huanxin Liu
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Coral Reef Research Center of China, School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Xueyong Huang
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Coral Reef Research Center of China, School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
| | - Kefu Yu
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Coral Reef Research Center of China, School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519080, China.
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3
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Holt EL, Rodrigues NDN, Cebrián J, Stavros VG. Determining the photostability of avobenzone in sunscreen formulation models using ultrafast spectroscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:24439-24448. [PMID: 34694312 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp03610f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Avobenzone is an ultraviolet (UV) filter that is often included in sunscreen formulations despite its lack of photostability. Its inclusion is necessary due to few existing alternatives for photoprotection in the UVA region (320-400 nm). To better understand and predict the photostability of avobenzone, ultrafast transient electronic absorption spectroscopy (TEAS) has been used to study the effects of solvent (including emollients), concentration and skin surface temperature on its excited-state relaxation mechanism, following photoexcitation with UVA radiation (∼350 nm). Subtle differences between the excited-state lifetimes were found between the systems, but the TEAS spectral features were qualitatively the same for all solution and temperature combinations. Alongside TEAS measurements, UV filter/emollient blends containing avobenzone were irradiated using simulated solar light and their degradation tracked using steady-state UV-visible spectroscopy. Sun protection factor (SPF) and UVA protection factor (UVA-PF) assessments were also carried out on representative oil phases (higher concentration blends), which could be used to formulate oil-in-water sunscreens. It was found that there was an apparent concentration dependence on the long-term photoprotective efficacy of these mixtures, which could be linked to the ultrafast photodynamics by the presence of a ground-state bleach offset. This combination of techniques shows potential for correlating long-term behaviours (minutes to hours) of avobenzone with its ultrafast photophysics (femtoseconds to nanoseconds), bridging the gap between fundamental photophysics/photochemistry and commercial sunscreen design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily L Holt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK. .,Molecular Analytical Science Centre for Doctoral Training, Senate House, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Natércia D N Rodrigues
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK. .,Lubrizol Life Science Beauty, Calle Isaac Peral, 17 Pol. Ind. Camí Ral, 08850 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Cebrián
- Lubrizol Life Science Beauty, Calle Isaac Peral, 17 Pol. Ind. Camí Ral, 08850 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vasilios G Stavros
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
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Sunscreens and their usefulness: have we made any progress in the last two decades? Photochem Photobiol Sci 2021; 20:189-244. [PMID: 33721254 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-021-00013-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Sunscreens have now been around for decades to mitigate the Sun's damaging ultraviolet (UV) radiation which, although essential for the existence of life, is a recognized prime carcinogen. Accordingly, have suncreams achieved their intended purposes towards protection against sunburns, skin photo-ageing and the like? Most importantly, however, have they provided the expected protection against skin cancers that current sunscreen products claim to do? In the last two decades, there have been tens, if not hundreds of studies on sunscreens with respect to skin protection against UVB (280‒320 nm)-traditionally sunscreens with rather low sun protection factors (SPF) were intended to protect against this type of radiation-and UVA (320‒400 nm) radiation; a distinction between SPF and UVA protection factor (UVA-PF) is made. Many of the studies of the last two decades have focused on protection against the more skin-penetrating UVA radiation. This non-exhaustive article reviews some of the important facets of what is currently known about sunscreens with regard (i) to the physical UV filters titanium dioxide (TiO2) and zinc oxide (ZnO) and the mostly photo-unstable chemical UVB/UVA filters (e.g., octinoxate (OMC) and avobenzone (AVO), among others), (ii) to novel chemical sunscreen agents, (iii) to means that minimize the breakdown of chemical filters and improve their stability when exposed to UV sunlight, (iv) to SPF factors, and (v) to a short discussion on non-melanoma skin cancers and melanoma. Importantly, throughout the article we allude to the safety aspects of sunscreens and at the end ask the question: do active ingredients in sunscreen products pose a risk to human health, and what else can be done to enhance protection? Significant loss of skin protection from two well-known commercial suncreams when exposed to simulated UV sunlight. Cream I: titanium dioxide, ethylhexyl triazone, avobenzone, and octinoxate; Cream II: octyl salicylate, oxybenzone, avobenzone, and octinoxate.
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5
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Jentzsch F, Reich M, Kümmerer K, Olsson O. Photolysis of mixtures of UV filters octocrylene and ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate leads to formation of mixed transformation products and different kinetics. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 697:134048. [PMID: 32380599 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The treatment with ultraviolet (UV) light is a well-known technique for water disinfection. Photodegradation by UV light is in discussion as measure for advanced water treatment that could provide a potential removal option for micropollutants. Micropollutants such as ingredients from personal care products are also present in grey water. Grey water gets increasingly attention as a source for water reuse. For that purpose it has to be treated. UV-treatment is an option. However, the knowledge on the fate of micropollutants within such a treatment is little. Therefore, we investigated the fate of the UV filters ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate (EHMC), and octocrylene (OCR) as for both UV filters the presence in grey water was reported. OCR as a single compound was investigated with regard to its degradation kinetics and possible photo-transformation products (photo-TPs). These results were compared with those of EHMC previously reported in literature. The mixture of the two UV filters was also investigated to reveal if mixture effects occur regarding the elimination of the UV filters and the formation of TPs. A medium pressure mercury vapor lamp (200-400 nm) was employed for photolysis. This study shows that OCR itself was eliminated below the limit of detection after 256 min and that photo-TPs were formed. The photolysis of the mixture demonstrated alterations of the degradation rates and patterns. Additional TPs were formed by the reaction of the UV filters or TPs with each other. The study shows that more attention should be paid to mixture-effects and mixture-TPs that may cause further follow-up effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Jentzsch
- Sustainable Chemistry and Material Resources, Institute of Sustainable and Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Sustainability, Leuphana University of Lüneburg, Universitätsallee 1, DE-21335 Lüneburg, Germany.
| | - M Reich
- Sustainable Chemistry and Material Resources, Institute of Sustainable and Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Sustainability, Leuphana University of Lüneburg, Universitätsallee 1, DE-21335 Lüneburg, Germany.
| | - K Kümmerer
- Sustainable Chemistry and Material Resources, Institute of Sustainable and Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Sustainability, Leuphana University of Lüneburg, Universitätsallee 1, DE-21335 Lüneburg, Germany.
| | - O Olsson
- Sustainable Chemistry and Material Resources, Institute of Sustainable and Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Sustainability, Leuphana University of Lüneburg, Universitätsallee 1, DE-21335 Lüneburg, Germany.
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6
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Damiani E, Puglia C. Nanocarriers and Microcarriers for Enhancing the UV Protection of Sunscreens: An Overview. J Pharm Sci 2019; 108:3769-3780. [PMID: 31521640 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2019.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This review addresses a major question of importance to pharmaceutical scientists: how can novel drug delivery systems play a role in maximizing the UV protection of sunscreens? Because more and more people are being diagnosed with skin cancer each year than all other cancers combined, adequate sun protective measures are pivotal. In this context, the present review is to give an up-to-date overview on the different nanocarrier systems that have been explored so far for encapsulating different types of UV filters present on the market. The aim of these carrier systems is to prevent skin penetration and to enhance the photoprotective potential of sunscreen actives. For each supramolecular system, a brief description along with the studies, achievements, and pitfalls, on the type of UV actives inside them, ranging from classical UV filters to new generation of UV actives is given. A brief overview of UV filters encapsulated in microcarriers is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Damiani
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of the Marche, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Carmelo Puglia
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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7
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Prunk Zdravković T, Zdravković B, Zdravković M, Dariš B, Lunder M, Ferk P. In-vitro study of the influence of octocrylene on a selected metastatic melanoma cell line. GIORN ITAL DERMAT V 2019; 154:197-204. [DOI: 10.23736/s0392-0488.17.05616-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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8
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Prunk Zdravković T, Zdravković B, Lunder M, Ferk P. The effect of micro-sized titanium dioxide on WM-266-4 metastatic melanoma cell line. Bosn J Basic Med Sci 2019; 19:60-66. [PMID: 30383985 PMCID: PMC6387668 DOI: 10.17305/bjbms.2018.3674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is widely used as an inorganic UV-filter in cosmetic products; however, it has been classified as possibly carcinogenic to humans. While numerous studies demonstrated cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of nano-sized TiO2 in different cell lines, including human skin cells, studies investigating the effects of micro-TiO2 on human keratinocytes and melanocytes, in healthy and cancer cells, are scarce. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) binding cassette subfamily B member 5 (ABCB5) is a plasma membrane protein known for its role in the tumorigenicity, progression, and recurrence of melanoma. Here, we investigated the effect of micro-TiO2 (average particle size ≤5 µm) on the metabolic activity, cytotoxicity and ABCB5 mRNA expression in metastatic melanoma cells. Metastatic melanoma cell line WM-266-4 was treated with different concentrations of micro-TiO2 for different incubation times to obtain dose- and time-dependent responses. Untreated WM-266-4 cells, cultured under the same conditions, were used as control. The cell metabolic activity was determined by MTT assay. Cytotoxicity of micro-TiO2 was analyzed by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) cytotoxicity assay. The ABCB5 mRNA expression in melanoma cells was analyzed using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). After 120 hours of exposure to micro-TiO2 the metabolic activity of melanoma cells decreased, especially at the two highest micro-TiO2 concentrations. Comparably, the cytotoxicity of micro-TiO2 on melanoma cells increased after 48 and 120 hours of exposure, in a time-dependent manner. The ABCB5 mRNA expression in micro-TiO2-treated melanoma cells also decreased significantly after 24 and 48 hours, in a time-dependent manner. Overall, our results suggest inhibitory effects of micro-TiO2 on the metabolic activity and ABCB5 mRNA expression in metastatic melanoma cells, indicating its potential use as an anticancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Prunk Zdravković
- Dermatovenerology Department, Celje General and Teaching Hospital, Celje, Slovenia Institute of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia.
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9
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Sánchez Rodríguez A, Rodrigo Sanz M, Betancort Rodríguez JR. Occurrence of eight UV filters in beaches of Gran Canaria (Canary Islands). An approach to environmental risk assessment. CHEMOSPHERE 2015; 131:85-90. [PMID: 25792520 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.02.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Revised: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/21/2015] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Due to the growing concern about human health effects of ultraviolet (UV) radiation, the use of UV filters has increased in recent decades. Unfortunately, some common UV filters are bioaccumulated in aquatic organisms and show a potential for estrogenic activity. The aim of the present study is to determine the presence of some UV filters in the coastal waters of six beaches around Gran Canaria Island as consequence of recreational seaside activities. Eight commonly used UV filters: benzophenone-3 (BP-3), octocrylene (OC), octyl-dimethyl-PABA (OD-PABA), ethylhexyl methoxy cinnamate (EHMC), homosalate (HMS), butyl methoxydibenzoyl methane (BMDBM), 4-methylbenzylidene camphor (4-MBC) and diethylamino hydroxybenzoyl hexyl benzoate (DHHB), were monitored and, with the exception of OD-PABA, all were detected in the samples collected. 99% of the samples showed some UV filters and concentration levels reached up to 3316.7 ng/L for BP-3. Environmental risk assessment (ERA) approach showed risk quotients (RQ) higher than 10, which means that there is a significant potential for adverse effects, for 4-MBC and EHMC for those samples with highest levels of UV filters.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sánchez Rodríguez
- Departamento de Agua, Instituto Tecnológico de Canarias, Playa de Pozo Izquierdo s/n, 35119 Santa Lucía, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - M Rodrigo Sanz
- Departamento de Agua, Instituto Tecnológico de Canarias, Playa de Pozo Izquierdo s/n, 35119 Santa Lucía, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - J R Betancort Rodríguez
- Departamento de Agua, Instituto Tecnológico de Canarias, Playa de Pozo Izquierdo s/n, 35119 Santa Lucía, Las Palmas, Spain.
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10
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Monti D, Chetoni P, Burgalassi S, Tampucci S, Centini M, Anselmi C. 4-Methylbenzylidene camphor microspheres: reconstituted epidermis (Skinethic®) permeation and distribution. Int J Cosmet Sci 2015; 37:298-305. [DOI: 10.1111/ics.12199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. Monti
- Department of Pharmacy; University of Pisa; via Aldo Moro 53100 Siena Italy
| | - P. Chetoni
- Department of Pharmacy; University of Pisa; via Aldo Moro 53100 Siena Italy
| | - S. Burgalassi
- Department of Pharmacy; University of Pisa; via Aldo Moro 53100 Siena Italy
| | - S. Tampucci
- Department of Pharmacy; University of Pisa; via Aldo Moro 53100 Siena Italy
| | - M. Centini
- Department of Biotechnology; Chemistry and Pharmacy; University of Siena; via Aldo Moro 53100 Siena Italy
| | - C. Anselmi
- Department of Biotechnology; Chemistry and Pharmacy; University of Siena; via Aldo Moro 53100 Siena Italy
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11
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Stiefel C, Schwack W. Photoprotection in changing times - UV filter efficacy and safety, sensitization processes and regulatory aspects. Int J Cosmet Sci 2014; 37:2-30. [DOI: 10.1111/ics.12165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Stiefel
- Institute of Food Chemistry; University of Hohenheim; Garbenstrasse 28 70599 Stuttgart Germany
| | - W. Schwack
- Institute of Food Chemistry; University of Hohenheim; Garbenstrasse 28 70599 Stuttgart Germany
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12
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Niculae G, Lacatusu I, Bors A, Stan R. Photostability enhancement by encapsulation of α-tocopherol into lipid-based nanoparticles loaded with a UV filter. CR CHIM 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crci.2013.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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13
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Centini M, Miraglia G, Quaranta V, Buonocore A, Anselmi C. Improving photoprotection: 4-methylbenzylidene camphor microspheres. Pharm Dev Technol 2014; 20:782-790. [DOI: 10.3109/10837450.2014.920359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marisanna Centini
- a Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia , University of Siena , Siena , Italy and.,b Centro Interdipartimentale di Scienza e Tecnologia Cosmetiche, University of Siena , Siena , Italy
| | - Giovanna Miraglia
- b Centro Interdipartimentale di Scienza e Tecnologia Cosmetiche, University of Siena , Siena , Italy
| | - Valeria Quaranta
- b Centro Interdipartimentale di Scienza e Tecnologia Cosmetiche, University of Siena , Siena , Italy
| | - Anna Buonocore
- a Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia , University of Siena , Siena , Italy and.,b Centro Interdipartimentale di Scienza e Tecnologia Cosmetiche, University of Siena , Siena , Italy
| | - Cecilia Anselmi
- a Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia , University of Siena , Siena , Italy and.,b Centro Interdipartimentale di Scienza e Tecnologia Cosmetiche, University of Siena , Siena , Italy
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14
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Blasi P, Schoubben A, Giovagnoli S, Rossi C, Ricci M. The real value of novel particulate carriers for sunscreen formulation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1586/edm.11.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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15
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Genç L, Kutlu HM, Güney G. Vitamin B12-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles as a drug carrier in cancer therapy. Pharm Dev Technol 2013; 20:337-44. [DOI: 10.3109/10837450.2013.867447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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16
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Genç L. Preparation and characterization of nocodazole-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles. Pharm Dev Technol 2013; 19:671-6. [DOI: 10.3109/10837450.2013.819017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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17
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Niculae G, Badea N, Meghea A, Oprea O, Lacatusu I. Coencapsulation of Butyl-Methoxydibenzoylmethane and Octocrylene into Lipid Nanocarriers: UV Performance, Photostability andin vitroRelease. Photochem Photobiol 2013; 89:1085-94. [DOI: 10.1111/php.12117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Niculae
- Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science; University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest; Street No 1; 011061; Bucharest; Romania
| | - Nicoleta Badea
- Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science; University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest; Street No 1; 011061; Bucharest; Romania
| | - Aurelia Meghea
- Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science; University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest; Street No 1; 011061; Bucharest; Romania
| | - Ovidiu Oprea
- Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science; University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest; Street No 1; 011061; Bucharest; Romania
| | - Ioana Lacatusu
- Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science; University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest; Street No 1; 011061; Bucharest; Romania
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Kockler J, Robertson S, Oelgemöller M, Davies M, Bowden B, Brittain HG, Glass BD. Butyl methoxy dibenzoylmethane. PROFILES OF DRUG SUBSTANCES, EXCIPIENTS, AND RELATED METHODOLOGY 2013; 38:87-111. [PMID: 23668403 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-407691-4.00003-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A comprehensive profile on Butyl methoxy dibenzoylmethane, one of the most commonly used ultraviolet (UV) filters in topical sunscreen products, is prepared. This UV filter, often referred to as Avobenzone, has its main absorbance in the UVA I region of the spectrum and is susceptible to photodegradation. The profile contains the following sections: general information, use and mechanism of action, method of preparation, physical characteristics, methods of analysis, stability, and toxicity. The physical characteristics section includes the melting range, differential scanning calorimetry, partition coefficient, ionization constant, solubility, and UV, infrared, nuclear magnetic resonance ((1)H NMR and (13)C NMR) and mass spectrometry and X-ray powder diffractometry. The method of analysis section in addition to compendial identification and purity and assay methods includes thin-layer gas and high-performance liquid chromatography. The photostability and photostabilization of Butyl methoxy dibenzoylmethane, in addition to its toxicity, are also documented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jutta Kockler
- School of Pharmacy and Molecular Science, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
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Niculae G, Lacatusu I, Badea N, Meghea A. Lipid nanoparticles based on butyl-methoxydibenzoylmethane: in vitro UVA blocking effect. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2012; 23:315704. [PMID: 22797534 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/23/31/315704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to obtain efficient lipid nanoparticles loaded with butyl-methoxydibenzoylmethane (BMDBM) in order to develop cosmetic formulations with enhanced UVA blocking effect. For this purpose, two adequate liquid lipids (medium chain triglycerides and squalene) have been used in combination with two solid lipids (cetyl palmitate and glyceryl stearate) in order to create appropriate nanostructured carriers with a disordered lipid network able to accommodate up to 1.5% BMDBM. The lipid nanoparticles (LNs) were characterized in terms of particle size, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency, loading capacity and in vitro UVA blocking effect. The efficiency of lipid nanoparticles in developing some cosmetic formulations has been evaluated by determining the in vitro erythemal UVA protection factor. In order to quantify the photoprotective effect, some selected cream formulations based on BMDBM-LNs and a conventional emulsion were exposed to photochemical UV irradiation at a low energy to simulate the solar energy during the midday. The results obtained demonstrated the high ability of cream formulations based on BMDBM-LNs to absorb more than 96% of UVA radiation. Moreover, the developed cosmetic formulations manifest an enhanced UVA blocking effect, the erythemal UVA protection factor being four times higher than those specific to conventional emulsions.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Niculae
- Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest, Polizu Street No 1, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
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Karlsson I, Persson E, Mårtensson J, Börje A. Investigation of the Sunscreen Octocrylene’s Interaction with Amino Acid Analogs in the Presence of UV Radiation. Photochem Photobiol 2012; 88:904-12. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2012.01142.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Scalia S, Salama R, Young P, Traini D. Preparation andin vitroevaluation of salbutamol-loaded lipid microparticles for sustained release pulmonary therapy. J Microencapsul 2011; 29:225-33. [DOI: 10.3109/02652048.2011.646326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Karlsson I, Vanden Broecke K, Mårtensson J, Goossens A, Börje A. Clinical and experimental studies of octocrylene's allergenic potency. Contact Dermatitis 2011; 64:343-52. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0536.2011.01899.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Sobanska A, Brzezinska E. Normal-phase TLC analysis of UV filters avobenzone and octocrylene in sunscreen preparations. JPC-J PLANAR CHROMAT 2011. [DOI: 10.1556/jpc.24.2011.2.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Scalia S, Mezzena M, Ramaccini D. Encapsulation of the UV Filters Ethylhexyl Methoxycinnamate and Butyl Methoxydibenzoylmethane in Lipid Microparticles: Effect on in vivo Human Skin Permeation. Skin Pharmacol Physiol 2011; 24:182-9. [DOI: 10.1159/000324054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2010] [Accepted: 12/27/2010] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Scalia S, Mezzena M. Photostabilization effect of quercetin on the UV filter combination, butyl methoxydibenzoylmethane-octyl methoxycinnamate. Photochem Photobiol 2009; 86:273-8. [PMID: 19947972 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2009.00655.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of the natural antioxidant quercetin on the photostability of the most widely used combination of UVA (320-400 nm) and UVB (290-320 nm) filters, respectively butyl methoxydibenzoylmethane (BMDBM) and octyl methoxycinnamate (OMC). In order to reproduce the conditions prevalent in commercial sunscreen products, the stabilizing efficacy of quercetin was evaluated in model creams containing BMDBM (3%, wt/wt) together with OMC (4%, wt/wt) and exposed to a solar simulator at an irradiance corresponding to natural sunlight. Quercetin was found to enhance the photostability of the two UV filters in a concentration-dependent way. Addition of quercetin to the sunscreen formulation significantly reduced the photodegradation of BMDBM and OMC from 40.3 +/- 2.4 to 27.7 +/- 2.6% and from 51.3 +/- 2.1 to 42.2 +/- 2.0%, respectively. Moreover, comparative photodegradation studies demonstrated that quercetin was much more effective and at a lower concentration than commonly used stabilizer (octocrylene) and antioxidants (vitamin E, butylated hydroxyanisole). In vitro determination of the UVB and UVA protection parameters showed that the quercetin-based formulation fulfilled the official requirements on sunscreen products. Because of its photostabilizing and multiple antioxidant properties, quercetin represents a useful additive for the formulation of effective broad-spectrum sunscreens containing BMDBM and OMC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santo Scalia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
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