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Yu D, Nie H. Evaluation of Alternative Metallic Stearates as Lubricants in Pharmaceutical Tablet Formulation. AAPS PharmSciTech 2022; 23:200. [PMID: 35882653 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-022-02338-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnesium stearate (MgSt) is perhaps one of the most frequently used lubricants in tablet formulation due to its superior lubrication capacity, yet it could also negatively affect the critical quality attributes of pharmaceutical products. Therefore, we provided a rather comprehensive evaluation of another two FDA-approved metallic stearates, sodium stearate (NaSt) and calcium stearate (CaSt), as alternative tablet lubricants. The primary objective of the present study is to comparatively evaluate the physicochemical properties and lubrication efficiency of the three metallic stearates. In addition, it was also aimed to specify the most influential factor for ranking and differentiating the lubricity of various lubricants using principal component analysis. Unit ejection force could be used herein as a simple and the most powerful parameter to evaluate the lubrication performance instead of the friction coefficient. The results suggested that CaSt, MgSt, and NaSt had similar impacts on the mechanical strength of tablets. However, CaSt exhibited insufficient lubrication effects as the formulations containing CaSt showed low pressure transmission ratios, high unit ejection forces, and high friction coefficients. In contrast, both MgSt and NaSt displayed satisfactory lubrication efficiency without negatively impacting tabletability. Notably, the lubrication performance of the formulation containing 0.5 wt% NaSt was almost identical to that of the formulation with 1 wt% MgSt, indicating that NaSt had a remarkable lubrication capability probably due to its high specific surface area. In summary, the findings of this investigation should provide practical information and feasible methodologies to readily determine the lubricity and to sensibly select alternative lubricants for pharmaceutical tablet formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyue Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Center for Materials Science and Engineering, Merck & Co., Inc., 770 Sumneytown Pike, , West Point, PA, 19486, USA
| | - Haichen Nie
- Center for Materials Science and Engineering, Merck & Co., Inc., 770 Sumneytown Pike, , West Point, PA, 19486, USA. .,Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
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2
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Patil S, Pandit A, Godbole A, Dandekar P, Jain R. Chitosan based co-processed excipient for improved tableting. CARBOHYDRATE POLYMER TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carpta.2021.100071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Comparison of Flow and Compression Properties of Four Lactose-Based Co-Processed Excipients: Cellactose ® 80, CombiLac ®, MicroceLac ® 100, and StarLac ®. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13091486. [PMID: 34575562 PMCID: PMC8467879 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13091486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The utilization of co-processed excipients (CPEs) represents a novel approach to the preparation of orally disintegrating tablets by direct compression. Flow, consolidation, and compression properties of four lactose-based CPEs—Cellactose® 80, CombiLac®, MicroceLac® 100, and StarLac®—were investigated using different methods, including granulometry, powder rheometry, and tablet compaction under three pressures. Due to the similar composition and the same preparation technique (spray drying), the properties of CPEs and their compacts were generally comparable. The most pronounced differences were observed in flowability, undissolved fraction after 3 min and 24 h, energy of plastic deformation (E2), ejection force, consolidation behavior, and compact friability. Cellactose® 80 exhibited the most pronounced consolidation behavior, the lowest values of ejection force, and high friability of compacts. CombiLac® showed excellent flow properties but insufficient friability, except for compacts prepared at the highest compression pressure (182 MPa). MicroceLac® 100 displayed the poorest flow properties, lower ejection forces, and the best mechanical resistance of compacts. StarLac® showed excellent flow properties, the lowest amounts of undissolved fraction, the highest ejection force values, and the worst compact mechanical resistance. The obtained results revealed that higher compression pressures need to be used or further excipients have to be added to all tested materials in order to improve the friability and tensile strength of formed tablets, except for MicroceLac® 100.
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Parmar PK, Rao SG, Bansal AK. Co-processing of small molecule excipients with polymers to improve functionality. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2021; 18:907-928. [PMID: 33412936 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2021.1873946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Polymers have various applications such as binder, film coating agent, stabilizer, drug release modification, and as primary packaging materials. Recently, they have been explored in co-processing technique to improve the functionality of small molecule excipients (SMEs). Co-processing is a concept wherein two or more excipients interact at sub-particle level to provide synergy in functionality and minimize drawbacks of individual excipients. AREA COVERED The present review highlights the application of co-processing to improve the functionality of SMEs using polymers; physicochemical and mechanical properties of polymers for co-processing; advantages of co-processed excipients for different applications; functionality enhancement of co-processed excipients; novel concepts/methods for co-processing; mechanistic insights on co-processing and commercial products available in the market. EXPERT OPINION Most of the SMEs do not possess optimal multifunctional properties like flow, compressibility, compactibility, and disintegration ability, required to compensate for poorly compactable drugs. Some of these drawbacks can be overcome by co-processing of SMEs with polymers. For example, co-processing of a brittle SME and plastic material (polymer) can provide a synergistic effect and result in the generation of single entity multi-functional excipient. Besides, novel co-processed excipients generated using combinations of SMEs and polymers can also generate intellectual property rights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashantkumar K Parmar
- Solid State Pharmaceutics Lab, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Srilaxmi G Rao
- Solid State Pharmaceutics Lab, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Arvind K Bansal
- Solid State Pharmaceutics Lab, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Mohali, Punjab, India
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Functionality evaluation of co-processed excipients as diluents in tablets manufactured by wet granulation. EUROPEAN PHARMACEUTICAL JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.2478/afpuc-2020-0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Diluents are essential components of a tablet formulation. The type of diluent used in a formulation influences the quality of tablets produced from that formulation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the tableting properties of co-processed excipients (C-PEs) incorporated as diluents in tablet formulation by wet granulation. Metronidazole tablets were prepared by wet granulation incorporating different diluents that were either single component excipients (SCEs) (lactose and microcrystalline cellulose) or C-PEs (Ludipress®, StarLac®, Prosolv® and AVICEL®HFE). The granules obtained for each formulation were evaluated for particle size analysis, flow properties and compression properties. Tablets weighing 500 mg were compressed from the metronidazole granules on a Single Station Tablet Press using a 12 mm punch and die tooling system. The tablets were kept for 24 h post-production, and the properties of weight uniformity, thickness, tensile strength, friability, disintegration time and dissolution profile evaluated subsequently. Results of granule properties showed that variations in parameters evaluated was as a result of differences in the type and composition of diluent used in formulation. Compactibility and tabletability profile of metronidazole granules revealed a better performance with granules processed with C-PE based diluents compared to SCE-based diluents. Tablets formulated with C-PEs as diluents were uniform in tablet weight, disintegrated faster and yielded a faster drug release compared to tablet formulations containing SCEs as diluent. This study reveals the performance advantage of C-PEs as diluents in tablets manufactured by wet granulation and highlights the importance of rational selection of excipients during tablet formulation.
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Benabbas R, Sanchez-Ballester N, Bataille B, Sharkawi T, Soulairol I. Development and pharmaceutical performance of a novel co-processed excipient of alginic acid and microcrystalline cellulose. POWDER TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2020.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Patel J, Mori D. Application of 3<sup>2</sup> Full Factorial Design and Desirability Function for Optimizing The Manufacturing Process for Directly Compressible Multi-Functional Co-Processed Excipient. Curr Drug Deliv 2020; 17:523-539. [PMID: 32384027 DOI: 10.2174/1567201817666200508094743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Developing a new excipient and obtaining its market approval is an expensive, time-consuming and complex process. Compared to that, the co-processing of already approved excipients has emerged as a more attractive option for bringing better characteristic excipients to the market. The application of the Design of Experiments (DoE) approach for developing co-processed excipient can make the entire process cost-effective and rapid. OBJECTIVE The aim of the present investigation was to demonstrate the applicability of the DoE approach, especially 32 full factorial design, to develop a multi-functional co-processed excipient for the direct compression of model drug - cefixime trihydrate using spray drying technique. METHODS The preliminary studies proved the significant effect of atomization pressure (X1) and polymer ratio (microcrystalline cellulose: mannitol - X2) on critical product characteristics, so they were selected as independent variables. The angle of repose, Carr's index, Hausner's ratio, tensile strength and Kuno's constant were selected as response variables. RESULT The statistical analysis proved a significant effect of both independent variables on all response variables with a significant p-value < 0.05. The desirability function available in Design Expert 11® software was used to prepare and select the optimized batch. The prepared co-processed excipient had better compressibility than individual excipients and their physical mixture and was able to accommodate more than 40 percent drug without compromising the flow property and compressibility. CONCLUSION The present investigation successfully proved the applicability of 32 full factorial design as an effective tool for optimizing the spray drying process to prepare a multi-functional co-processed excipient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jalpa Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutics, B.K. Mody Government Pharmacy College, Rajkot, Gujarat, India
| | - Dhaval Mori
- Department of Pharmaceutics, B.K. Mody Government Pharmacy College, Rajkot, Gujarat, India
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8
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Zhang M, Rough SL, Ward R, Seiler C, Wilson DI. Non-aqueous formulations for ram and screen extrusion-spheronisation. Int J Pharm 2019; 560:394-405. [PMID: 30763682 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.01.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The use of non-aqueous cellulose-based formulations for extrusion-spheronisation (E-S) is investigated. A 10 wt% hydroxypropyl cellulose/isopropyl alcohol solution (HPC/IPA) was identified as a suitable sticky liquid binder for preparing non-aqueous pastes. Preliminary tests were performed on a series of pastes using a ram as well as a laboratory roller screen extruder, since the former is commonly used in batch testing and the latter replicates the shear range in a manufacturing screen extruder. Pellets with acceptable size and shape distributions were obtained with Avicel® HFE-102 NF/HPC/IPA for ram E-S, and with Avicel® RC-591/HPC/IPA for screen E-S. Further investigation was performed with calcium carbonate added as a model active pharmaceutical ingredient. Both formulations were able to generate pellets with acceptable size and shape characteristics at up to 50 wt% carbonate loading: further work is required to optimise yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Zhang
- University of Cambridge, Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, West Cambridge Site, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, UK
| | - S L Rough
- University of Cambridge, Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, West Cambridge Site, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, UK.
| | - R Ward
- MSD (Devlab), Hertford Rd, Hoddesdon EN11 9BU, UK
| | - C Seiler
- MSD (Devlab), Hertford Rd, Hoddesdon EN11 9BU, UK
| | - D I Wilson
- University of Cambridge, Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, West Cambridge Site, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, UK
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9
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Siahi MR, Rahimi S, Monajjemzadeh F. Analytical Investigation of the Possible Chemical Interaction of Methyldopa with Some Reducing Carbohydrates Used as Pharmaceutical Excipients. Adv Pharm Bull 2018; 8:657-666. [PMID: 30607338 PMCID: PMC6311631 DOI: 10.15171/apb.2018.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Assessment of drug substance and excipients compatibility is an important issue during pre-formulation studies as well as the quality control of pharmaceutical dosage forms. In this study, potential incompatibility between methyldopa and reducing excipients was evaluated using physicochemical methods. Methods: Dextrose and lactose (anhydrous & monohydrate) were selected as reducing carbohydrates. The initial incompatibility was studied with DSC and FTIR on binary mixtures with 1:1 mass ratio. Results were confirmed using HPLC studies coupled with mass spectrometry. Results: The DSC curves indicated the elimination of the melting endotherm of methyldopa in the binary mixtures. A new peak at 1719 cm-1 was observed in the FTIR spectra that can be attributed to the loss of type one amine functionality. The m/z of the proposed compound was observed in the mass spectra. Conclusion: The potential incompatibility of Methyldopa with reducing carbohydrates was established using physicochemical methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Siahi
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Pharmaceutical and Food Control, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Soma Rahimi
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Farnaz Monajjemzadeh
- Food and Drug Safety Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Pharmaceutical and Food Control, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz, Iran
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Chaheen M, Sanchez-Ballester NM, Bataille B, Yassine A, Belamie E, Sharkawi T. Development of Coprocessed Chitin-Calcium Carbonate as Multifunctional Tablet Excipient for Direct Compression. J Pharm Sci 2018; 107:2152-2159. [PMID: 29698724 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2018.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 04/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Owing to the increasing interest in multifunctional excipients for tableting, coprocessing of individual excipients is regularly used to produce excipients of improved multifunctionality superior to individual excipients or their physical mix. The use of chitin as an excipient in tablet formulation is limited because of certain drawbacks such as poor flowability and low true density. The objective of this work is to improve these properties through coprocessing of chitin with calcium carbonate (CaCO3) by precipitating CaCO3 on chitin particles using different methods. In addition, optimization of the coprocessed chitin was carried out to improve the excipient's properties. Physicochemical (CaCO3 content, true density, X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy) and functional testing (swelling force, flowability, tensile strength, deformation mechanism, and disintegration time) were used to characterize the coprocessed product. Results showed that the calcite CaCO3 polymorph is precipitated on the chitin surface and that it interacts with chitin at carbonyl- and amide-group level. In addition, the coprocessed excipient has an improved true density and powder flowability, with CaCO3 forming single layer on the chitin particles surface. Tableting studies showed that the coprocessed powder exhibited an intermediate deformation behavior between CaCO3 (most brittle) and chitin (most plastic). Tablets showed acceptable tensile strength and rapid disintegration (2-4 s). These results show the potential use of coprocessed chitin-CaCO3 as a multifunctional excipient for fast disintegration of tablets produced by direct compression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Chaheen
- Ecole Doctorale des Sciences et Technologie (EDST), Laboratoire de Valorisation des Ressources Naturelles et Produits de Santé (VRNPS), Université Libanaise, Beyrouth, Lebanon; Institut Charles Gerhardt, UMR 5253, Equipe MACS, UFR Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
| | - Noelia M Sanchez-Ballester
- Institut Charles Gerhardt, UMR 5253, Equipe MACS, UFR Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Bernard Bataille
- Institut Charles Gerhardt, UMR 5253, Equipe MACS, UFR Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Ahmad Yassine
- Ecole Doctorale des Sciences et Technologie (EDST), Laboratoire de Valorisation des Ressources Naturelles et Produits de Santé (VRNPS), Université Libanaise, Beyrouth, Lebanon
| | - Emmanuel Belamie
- Institut Charles Gerhardt, UMR 5253, Equipe MACS, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Tahmer Sharkawi
- Institut Charles Gerhardt, UMR 5253, Equipe MACS, UFR Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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Vodáčková P, Vraníková B, Svačinová P, Franc A, Elbl J, Muselík J, Kubalák R, Solný T. Evaluation and Comparison of Three Types of Spray Dried Coprocessed Excipient Avicel® for Direct Compression. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:2739428. [PMID: 29850496 PMCID: PMC5933045 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2739428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
As coprocessed excipients (CPE) gain a lot of focus recently, this article compares three commercially available CPE of Avicel brand, namely, CE 15, DG, and HFE 102. Comparison is based on measured physical properties of coprocessed mixtures, respectively, flow properties, pycnometric density, mean particle size, specific surface area, moisture content, hygroscopicity, solubility, pH leaching, electrostatic charge, SEM images, and DSC. Tablets were made employing three pressure sets. Viscoelastic properties and ejection force were assessed during compression, as well as pycnometric density, mass uniformity, height, tensile strength, friability, disintegration, and wetting times. Avicel CE 15 is of mid-range flow properties, contains mid-size and nonspherical particles, and has high hygroscopicity, growing negative charge, best lubricity, lowest tensile strength, and mid-long disintegration times. Avicel DG possesses the worst flow properties, small asymmetrical particles, lowest hygroscopicity, stable charge, intermediate lubricity, and tensile strength and exhibits fast disintegration of tablets. Finally, Avicel HFE 102 has the best flow properties, large symmetrical particles, and middle hygroscopicity and its charge fluctuates throughout blending. It also exhibits inferior lubricity, the highest tensile strength, and slow disintegration of tablets. Generally, it is impossible to select the best CPE, as their different properties fit versatile needs of countless manufacturers and final products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavlína Vodáčková
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackého Tr. 1946/1, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Vraníková
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Akademika Heyrovskeho 1203, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Svačinová
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Akademika Heyrovskeho 1203, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Franc
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackého Tr. 1946/1, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Elbl
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackého Tr. 1946/1, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Muselík
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackého Tr. 1946/1, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Kubalák
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackého Tr. 1946/1, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tomaš Solný
- Materials Research Centre, Brno University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Purkynova 464/118, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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Apeji YE, Oyi AR, Isah AB, Allagh TS, Modi SR, Bansal AK. Development and Optimization of a Starch-Based Co-processed Excipient for Direct Compression Using Mixture Design. AAPS PharmSciTech 2018; 19:866-880. [PMID: 29038987 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-017-0887-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of novel excipients with enhanced functionality has been explored using particle engineering by co-processing. The aim of this study was to improve the functionality of tapioca starch (TS) for direct compression by co-processing with gelatin (GEL) and colloidal silicon dioxide (CSD) in optimized proportions. Design of Experiment (DoE) was employed to optimize the composition of the co-processed excipient using the desirability function and other supporting studies as a basis for selecting the optimized formulation. The co-processed excipient (SGS) was thereafter developed by the method of co-fusion. Flow and compaction studies of SGS were carried out in comparison to its parent component (TS) and physical mixture (SGS-PM). Tablets were prepared by direct compression (DC) containing ibuprofen (200 mg) as a model for poor compressibility using SGS, Prosolv®, and StarLac® as multifunctional excipients. The optimized composition of SGS corresponded to TS (90%), GEL (7.5%), and CSD (2.5%). The functionality of SGS was improved relative to SGS-PM in terms of flow and compression. Tablets produced with SGS were satisfactory and conformed to USP specifications for acceptable tablets. SGS performed better than Prosolv® in terms of disintegration and was superior to StarLac with respect to tensile strength and disintegration time. The application of DoE was successful in optimizing and developing a starch-based co-processed excipient that can be considered for direct compression tableting.
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Darji MA, Lalge RM, Marathe SP, Mulay TD, Fatima T, Alshammari A, Lee HK, Repka MA, Narasimha Murthy S. Excipient Stability in Oral Solid Dosage Forms: A Review. AAPS PharmSciTech 2018; 19:12-26. [PMID: 28895106 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-017-0864-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The choice of excipients constitutes a major part of preformulation and formulation studies during the preparation of pharmaceutical dosage forms. The physical, mechanical, and chemical properties of excipients affect various formulation parameters, such as disintegration, dissolution, and shelf life, and significantly influence the final product. Therefore, several studies have been performed to evaluate the effect of drug-excipient interactions on the overall formulation. This article reviews the information available on the physical and chemical instabilities of excipients and their incompatibilities with the active pharmaceutical ingredient in solid oral dosage forms, during various drug-manufacturing processes. The impact of these interactions on the drug formulation process has been discussed in detail. Examples of various excipients used in solid oral dosage forms have been included to elaborate on different drug-excipient interactions.
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Characterization, in Vivo and in Vitro Evaluation of Solid Dispersion of Curcumin Containing d-α-Tocopheryl Polyethylene Glycol 1000 Succinate and Mannitol. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21101386. [PMID: 27763524 PMCID: PMC6274229 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21101386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to prepare a solid dispersion formulation of curcumin to enhance its solubility, dissolution rate, and oral bioavailability. The formulation was prepared with d-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (TPGS) and mannitol using solvent evaporation and freeze-drying methods, which yielded a solid dispersion composed of curcumin, TPGS, and mannitol at a ratio of 1:10:15 (w/w/w). The solubility and dissolution rate of the curcumin solid dispersion markedly improved compared with those of curcumin powder and a physical mixture of curcumin, TPGS, and mannitol. About 90% of the curcumin was released from the solid dispersion formulation within 10 min. After administering the formulation orally to rats, higher plasma concentrations of curcumin were observed, with increases in the maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) and area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) of 86- and 65-fold, respectively, compared with those of curcumin powder. The solid dispersion formulation effectively increased intestinal permeability and inhibited P-gp function. These effects increased the anti-proliferative effect of curcumin in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Moreover, 2 h incubation with curcumin powder, solid dispersion formulation, and its physical mixture resulted in differential cytotoxic effect of paclitaxel in P-gp overexpressed LLC-PK1-P-gp and MDA-MB-231 cells through the inhibition of P-gp-mediated paclitaxel efflux. In conclusion, compared with curcumin, a solid dispersion formulation of curcumin with TPGS and mannitol could be a promising option for enhancing the oral bioavailability and efficacy of curcumin through increased solubility, dissolution rate, cell permeability, and P-gp modulation.
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Sharma P, Modi SR, Bansal AK. Co-processing as a tool to improve aqueous dispersibility of cellulose ethers. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2015; 41:1745-58. [DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2015.1058814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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16
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Daraghmeh N, Chowdhry BZ, Leharne SA, Al Omari MMH, Badwan AA. Co-processed chitin-mannitol as a new excipient for Oro-dispersible tablets. Mar Drugs 2015; 13:1739-64. [PMID: 25830680 PMCID: PMC4413185 DOI: 10.3390/md13041739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2014] [Revised: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
This study describes the preparation, characterization and performance of a novel excipient for use in oro-dispersible tablets (ODT). The excipient (Cop–CM) consists of chitin and mannitol. The excipient with optimal physicochemical properties was obtained at a chitin: mannitol ratio of 2:8 (w/w) and produced by roll compaction (RC). Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform-Infrared (FT-IR), X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) techniques were used to characterize Cop–CM, in addition to characterization of its powder and ODT dosage form. The effect of particle size distribution of Cop–CM was investigated and found to have no significant influence on the overall tablet physical properties. The compressibility parameter (a) for Cop–CM was calculated from a Kawakita plot and found to be higher (0.661) than that of mannitol (0.576) due to the presence of the highly compressible chitin (0.818). Montelukast sodium and domperidone ODTs produced, using Cop–CM, displayed excellent physicochemical properties. The exceptional binding, fast wetting and superdisintegration properties of Cop–CM, in comparison with commercially available co-processed ODT excipients, results in a unique multifunctional base which can successfully be used in the formulation of oro-dispersible and fast immediate release tablets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidal Daraghmeh
- The Jordanian Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Co., PO Box 94, Naor 11710, Jordan.
- Faculty of Engineering & Science, University of Greenwich, Medway Campus, Chatham Maritime Kent ME44TB, UK.
| | - Babur Z Chowdhry
- Faculty of Engineering & Science, University of Greenwich, Medway Campus, Chatham Maritime Kent ME44TB, UK.
| | - Stephen A Leharne
- Faculty of Engineering & Science, University of Greenwich, Medway Campus, Chatham Maritime Kent ME44TB, UK.
| | | | - Adnan A Badwan
- The Jordanian Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Co., PO Box 94, Naor 11710, Jordan.
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Li J, Wu F, Lin X, Shen L, Wang Y, Feng Y. Novel application of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose to improving direct compaction properties of tablet fillers by co-spray drying. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra10496c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Improvements on both powder and tableting properties of fillers were achieved by co-spray drying with a small amount of HPMC.
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Affiliation(s)
- JinZhi Li
- College of Chinese Materia Medica
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Shanghai 201203
- China
- Engineering Research Center of Modern Preparation Technology of TCM of Ministry of Education
| | - Fei Wu
- Engineering Research Center of Modern Preparation Technology of TCM of Ministry of Education
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Shanghai 201203
- China
| | - Xiao Lin
- College of Chinese Materia Medica
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Shanghai 201203
- China
| | - Lan Shen
- College of Chinese Materia Medica
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Shanghai 201203
- China
| | - YouJie Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Modern Preparation Technology of TCM of Ministry of Education
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Shanghai 201203
- China
| | - Yi Feng
- Engineering Research Center of Modern Preparation Technology of TCM of Ministry of Education
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Shanghai 201203
- China
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18
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Design and development of co-processed excipients for fast dissolving tablets of Irbesartan by melt agglomeration technique. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL INVESTIGATION 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s40005-014-0163-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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19
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Ma H, Chu M, Itagaki K, Xin P, Zhou X, Zhang D, Wang Y, Fu J, Sun S. Formulation and in vitro characterization of a novel solid lipid-based drug delivery system. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2014; 62:1173-9. [PMID: 25450625 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c14-00339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The liquid self-emulsifying drug delivery system (L-SEDDS), commonly used to deliver effective but poorly water-soluble oleanolic acid (OA), has many limitations such as high manufacturing costs, few choices of dosage forms, risk of leakage from hard gelatin capsules, low stability, limited portability, incompatibility with capsule materials, and relatively restricted storage conditions. Thus the main purpose of our study was to develop a promising solid lipid-based drug delivery system (S-SEDDS) for OA. The S-SEDDS, prepared from wet granulation with an optimized L-SEDDS formulation and mannitol, was characterized by particle size analysis, scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and X-ray powder diffraction. Finally, the solubility of the OA-loaded S-SEDDS was compared with that of OA powder in the dissolution assay. Our new S-SEDDS for OA was developed from the optimum L-SEDDS with ethyl oleate (oil phase), Labrasol (surfactant), and Transcutol P (cosurfactant) at a volume ratio of 15:71:14 with 1.5% w/v OA and mannitol. The dissolution of OA was improved by 60% compared with that of the pure OA powder. All the problems associated with the L-SEDDS were resolved. The methodologies we developed for OA delivery could also be utilized for the delivery of other drugs with the S-SEDDS.
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Aly S. Evaluation of Dis-Lub-Tout, a new co-processed tabletting excipient II. Lubricant property. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s1773-2247(14)50136-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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21
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Wang H, Gurau G, Rogers RD. Dissolution of Biomass Using Ionic Liquids. STRUCTURE AND BONDING 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-38619-0_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
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22
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Rashid I, Al Omari MMH, Badwan AA. From native to multifunctional starch-based excipients designed for direct compression formulation. STARCH-STARKE 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/star.201200297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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23
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Krupa A, Jachowicz R, Pędzich Z, Wodnicka K. The influence of the API properties on the ODTs manufacturing from co-processed excipient systems. AAPS PharmSciTech 2012; 13:1120-9. [PMID: 22941425 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-012-9831-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2012] [Accepted: 07/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Directly compressible co-processed excipient systems facilitate orodispersible tablets (ODTs) manufacturing. Despite several excipient systems available, it is reported that the incorporation of high drug dose into the tablet mass may negatively affect both disintegration and mechanical properties. Therefore the influence of drug properties on the quality of orodispersible tablets was investigated. Fast dissolving tablet matrix was made of a co-processed excipient system F-Melt. Two grades of F-Melt that differed in composition, particle shape, and specific surface area were used to form tablet matrix. Ibuprofen, diclofenac sodium, and diltiazem hydrochloride were chosen as model drugs of different physicochemical properties such as solubility, particle size, and shape. Ninety formulations containing 12.5, 25, or 50 wt% of the model drug and F-Melt type C or M were prepared by direct compression. The quality of tablets was examined on the base of disintegration time, wetting time, mechanical resistance and texture analysis. The results showed that F-Melt grade, drug solubility, and its dose had an influence on the quality of tablets. From ninety formulations prepared, only four batches containing F-Melt type C and 12.5 wt% of ibuprofen, diclofenac sodium, or diltiazem hydrochloride could be classified as ODTs. Their disintegration time ranged from 41 to 144 s. In the case of F-Melt type M, tablets disintegrating within 101 s of friability below 1% could be prepared only if 12.5 wt% of diclofenac sodium was incorporated into the tablet mass.
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Daraghmeh NH, Chowdhry BZ, Leharne SA, Al Omari MM, Badwan AA. Chitin. PROFILES OF DRUG SUBSTANCES, EXCIPIENTS, AND RELATED METHODOLOGY 2011; 36:35-102. [PMID: 22469259 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-387667-6.00002-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A comprehensive profile of chitin with 61 references is reported. A full description including nomenclature, formulae, elemental analysis, and appearance is included. Methods of preparation for chitin and its derivative, such as chitosan, are discussed. Physical properties, analytical methods, uses and applications, stability, biodegradability, and toxicity of chitin are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidal H Daraghmeh
- The Jordanian Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Company, Naor, Jordan; School of Science, University of Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, Kent, United Kingdom
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