1
|
Al-Smadi K, Ali M, Alavi SE, Jin X, Imran M, Leite-Silva VR, Mohammed Y. Using a Topical Formulation of Vitamin D for the Treatment of Vitiligo: A Systematic Review. Cells 2023; 12:2387. [PMID: 37830601 PMCID: PMC10572240 DOI: 10.3390/cells12192387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D is one significant prohormone substance in human organ systems. It is a steroidal hormone produced in the skin upon exposure to UVB rays. This paper presents a systematic review of the utilization of topical vitamin D, specifically cholecalciferol, calcipotriol, and tacalcitol, in the treatment of vitiligo. It considers the role of vitamin D in stimulating the synthesis of melanin and melanogenesis, which can help with the process of repigmentation. The inclusion of calcipotriol or tacalcitol in Narrowband Ultraviolet Phototherapy (NB-UVB) has shown the potential to enhance therapeutic outcomes for vitiligo. However, their effectiveness in combination with Psoralens Long Wave Ultraviolet Radiation (PUVA) and Monochromatic Excimer Light (MEL) treatment for vitiligo is limited. In contrast, combining topical corticosteroids with vitamin D analogues has demonstrated superior efficacy in treating vitiligo compared to using vitamin D analogues alone, while also providing the added benefit of reducing corticosteroid-related adverse effects. In addition, treating stable vitiligo with topical cholecalciferol and microneedling has shown success. Future studies are needed to ascertain an efficient method of administering vitamin D topically as an anti-vitiligo agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khadeejeh Al-Smadi
- Frazer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia; (K.A.-S.); (M.I.)
| | - Masood Ali
- Frazer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia; (K.A.-S.); (M.I.)
| | - Seyed Ebrahim Alavi
- Frazer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia; (K.A.-S.); (M.I.)
| | - Xuping Jin
- Frazer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia; (K.A.-S.); (M.I.)
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Mohammad Imran
- Frazer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia; (K.A.-S.); (M.I.)
| | - Vania R. Leite-Silva
- Frazer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia; (K.A.-S.); (M.I.)
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, UNIFESP-Diadema, São Paulo 09913-030, Brazil
| | - Yousuf Mohammed
- Frazer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia; (K.A.-S.); (M.I.)
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lansdorp BM. Flux-Type versus Concentration-Type Sensors in Transdermal Measurements. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:845. [PMID: 37754079 PMCID: PMC10526996 DOI: 10.3390/bios13090845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
New transdermal biosensors measure analytes that diffuse from the bloodstream through the skin, making it important to reduce the system response time and understand measurement output. While highly customized models have been created for specific sensors, a generalized model for transdermal sensor systems is lacking. Here, a simple one-dimensional diffusion model was used to characterize the measurement system and classify biosensors as either flux types or concentration types. Results showed that flux-type sensors have significantly faster response times than concentration sensors. Furthermore, flux sensors do not measure concentration, but rather have an output measurement that is proportional to skin permeability. These findings should lead to an improved understanding of transdermal measurements and their relation to blood analyte concentration. In the realm of alcohol research, where the majority of commercially available sensors are flux types, our work advocates toward moving away from transdermal alcohol concentration as a metric, and instead suggests embracing transdermal alcohol flux as a more suitable alternative.
Collapse
|
3
|
Topical Delivery of Diacetyl Boldine in a Microemulsion Formulation for Chemoprotection against Melanoma. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15030901. [PMID: 36986762 PMCID: PMC10054442 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15030901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to develop a microemulsion formulation for topical delivery of Diacetyl Boldine (DAB) and to evaluate its cytotoxicity against melanoma cell line (B16BL6) in vitro. Using a pseudo-ternary phase diagram, the optimal microemulsion formulation region was identified, and its particle size, viscosity, pH, and in vitro release characteristics were determined. Permeation studies were performed on excised human skin using Franz diffusion cell assembly. The cytotoxicity of the formulations on B16BL6 melanoma cell lines was evaluated by MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide) assay. Two formulation compositions were selected based on the higher microemulsion area of the pseudo-ternary phase diagrams. The formulations showed a mean globule size of around 50 nm and a polydispersity index of <0.2. The ex vivo skin permeation study demonstrated that the microemulsion formulation exhibited significantly higher skin retention levels than the DAB solution in MCT oil (Control, DAB-MCT). Furthermore, the formulations showed substantially higher cytotoxicity toward B16BL6 cell lines than the control formulation (p < 0.001). The half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of F1, F2, and DAB-MCT formulations against B16BL6 cells were calculated to be 1 µg/mL, 10 µg/mL, and 50 µg/mL, respectively. By comparison, the IC50 of F1 was 50-fold lower than that of the DAB-MCT formulation. The results of the present study suggest that microemulsion could be a promising formulation for the topical administration of DAB.
Collapse
|
4
|
Preparation and Evaluation of Vitamin D3 Supplementation as Transdermal Film-Forming Solution. Pharmaceutics 2022; 15:pharmaceutics15010039. [PMID: 36678668 PMCID: PMC9863400 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15010039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D3 is available in oral and injectable dosage forms. Interest in the transdermal route as an alternative to the oral and parenteral routes has grown recently. In this study, several film-forming solutions for the transdermal delivery of vitamin D3 were prepared. They contained 6000 IU/mL of vitamin D3 that formed a dry and acceptable film in less than 5 min after application. The formulations consisted of ethanol and acetone 80:20, and one or more of the following ingredients: Eudragit L100-55, PVP, PG, limonene, oleic acid, camphor, and menthol. Vitamin D3 release was studied from both the film-forming solution and pre-dried films using a Franz diffusion cell. The film-forming solution released a significant amount of vitamin D3 compared to the dry film, which is attributed mostly to the saturation driving force due to the evaporation of volatile solvents. In vitro permeation studies through artificial skin Strat M® membrane revealed that the cumulative amount of vitamin D3 permeated after 24 h under the experimental conditions was around 800 IU across 3.14 cm2. The cumulative permeation curve showed faster permeation in earlier stages. Young's modulus, viscosity, and pH of the formulations were determined. Most of the formulations were stable for 3 weeks.
Collapse
|
5
|
Abualhasan M, Jaradat N, Maslamani R, Nofal D, Omar L. Synthesis of enhanced lipid solubility of indomethacin derivatives for topical formulations. HETEROCYCL COMMUN 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/hc-2022-0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Indomethacin is a nonselective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug with serious side effects such as depression, hallucination, and gastrointestinal irritation. This study aims to enhance indomethacin lipid solubility of indomethacin derivative to use it for the topical formulation since topical formulation may lower the unwanted side effects. The lipid solubility was achieved by adding various alkyl groups (methyl, ethyl, propyl, and isopropyl) to the drug via an ester linkage. The measured log p of these compounds was higher compared to the underivatized indomethacin. Furthermore, an ointment of each ester was formulated and was tested on mice skin using Franz diffusion. The best absorption was observed for methyl indomethacin with threefold increase in permeability compared to indomethacin. This study approves using derivatized indomethacin as a topical formulation with improved efficacy compared to the present gel formulation in the market.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Murad Abualhasan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, An-Najah National University , Nablus , 12345 , Palestine
| | - Nidal Jaradat
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, An-Najah National University , Nablus , 12345 , Palestine
| | - Raghad Maslamani
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, An-Najah National University , Nablus , 12345 , Palestine
| | - Dana Nofal
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, An-Najah National University , Nablus , 12345 , Palestine
| | - Linda Omar
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, An-Najah National University , Nablus , 12345 , Palestine
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Controlled release of vitamin D 3 using a nanocellulose-based membrane. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12411. [PMID: 35859098 PMCID: PMC9300642 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16179-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies show that a significant fraction of the global population presents low levels of vitamin D3. In order to address this problem, one way to administer the vitamin is to incorporate it in novel drug delivery systems, such as transdermal devices. A possible substance for this purpose is cellulose, which has a long history of use in the health area. However, the application of nanostructured cellulose membranes, as local drug delivery systems, remains a challenge. To develop a crystalline nanocellulose membrane as a new tool for the release of vitamin D3. A new nanostructured membrane containing nanocellulose extracted from cotton linter and vitamin D3 was produced using the “casting” technique. The membrane was characterized using high-resolution scanning electron microscopy (FEG-SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The kinetics of vitamin release was quantified using molecular spectroscopy (UV–Vis). The FT-IR spectra showed the presence of all the active components in the membrane sample, without structural alterations or the formation of new bonds. The FEG-SEM images showed the presence of vitamin crystals on the surface and in the interior of the membrane. The release of vitamin D3 occurred in a sustained manner, obtaining 3029 IU mL−1 of vitamin D3 in 60 min. The findings demonstrated that the membrane could be used for the sustained release of vitamin D3. This new biomaterial has potential as a new model for vitamin supplementation in individuals with vitamin D3 deficiency.
Collapse
|
7
|
Culpepper T, Lux T, Trivedi S, Neal D, Hazen K, Fleisher M, Samra R, Johnson-Mann C, Friedman J. Prevalence of Postoperative Micronutrient Deficiencies in Bariatric Surgery Patients Who Use Transdermal Patches for Supplementation: A Pilot Study. Cureus 2022; 14:e25989. [PMID: 35859973 PMCID: PMC9287997 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.25989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
|
8
|
Üner B, Özdemir S, Taş Ç, Özsoy Y, Üner M. Development of Lipid Nanoparticles for Transdermal Loteprednol Etabonate Delivery. J Microencapsul 2022; 39:327-340. [PMID: 35583383 DOI: 10.1080/02652048.2022.2079744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
AIM Loteprednol etabonate (LE) is a new generation corticosteroid that is used for the treatment of inflammatory and allergic conditions of the eye. Therefore, solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) were attempted to improve for transdermal LE delivery for the first time. METHODS SLN and NLC were produced by hot homogenization and ultrasonication technique. Their physical stability was monitored for 3 months of storage. Drug release and permeation of SLN and NLC through the porcine skin were investigated. RESULTS It was determined that SLN and NLC mean particle size as 139.1 nm had a homogeneous particle size distribution (∼0,169 PI) and mean charge as -23.6. They were found to be stable both physically and chemically at room temperature. CONCLUSION SLN and NLC formulations of LE can be stated among the systems that can be an alternative to conventional systems with less side-effect in the treatment of inflammatory problems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Burcu Üner
- Istanbul University, Institute of Graduate Studies in Health Sciences, Fatih, 34126 Istanbul, Turkey.,Yeditepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Atasehir 34755, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Samet Özdemir
- Istanbul Health and Technology University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zeytinburnu 34010, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Çetin Taş
- Yeditepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Atasehir 34755, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yıldız Özsoy
- Istanbul University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beyazıt, 34116 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Melike Üner
- Istanbul University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beyazıt, 34116 Istanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Dangre PV, Gurram NJ, Surana SJ, Chalikwar SS. Development and Optimization of Vitamin D 3 Solid Self-Microemulsifying Drug Delivery System: Investigation of Flowability and Shelf Life. AAPS PharmSciTech 2022; 23:110. [PMID: 35411421 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-022-02267-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We report herein the design of a solid self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS) of vitamin D3 for augmentation of its solubility and dissolution. The studies employed a 32 full factorial design by employing JMP 13.2.1, software for preparation of liquid SMEDDS. Further, the prediction profiler was utilized to optimized liquid SMEDDS-Vit.D3 (OF) formulation. The solidification of liquid SMEDDS-Vit.D3 formulation was carried out by physical adsorption over Neusilin US2 and Aerosil 200 carriers. Solid-state evaluation of SMEDDS-Vit.D3 suggested the transformation of crystalline to amorphous form of Vit.D3 which is responsible for imparting more aqueous solubility and thus enhancement in dissolution behaviour. The investigation of flow behaviours viz. flow function (FF) and effective angle of wall friction (EAWF) of solid SMEDDS-Vit.D3 was performed using powder flow tester. Solid SMEDDS-Vit.D3 prepared using Neusilin US2 showed good flow behaviour and hence was developed into tablets. The tablets showed good quality control parameters as per pharmacopeial standards. The in vitro dissolution studies demonstrated more dissolution of Vit.D3 in SMEDDS (liquid, solid, and tablet) when compared to the unprocessed drug. The shelf life (T90) of tablets was reported to be 28.12 months suggesting excellent stability of Vit.D3 in solid SMEDDS. In nutshell, our research works explore the utilization of SMEDDS for the oral delivery of Vit.D3 to gain maximum health-related benefits.
Collapse
|
10
|
Al Saqr A, Annaji M, Poudel I, Rangari S, Boddu SHS, Tiwari AK, Babu RJ. Niosomal formulation of hydroxytyrosol, a polyphenolic antioxidant, for enhancing transdermal delivery across human cadaver skin. Pharm Dev Technol 2022; 27:155-163. [PMID: 34978253 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2022.2025540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Hydroxytyrosol (HT), a naturally occurring polyphenol from the olive plant, is a potent antioxidant, cardioprotective, neuroprotective, and anti-inflammatory agent. Upon oral administration, HT undergoes rapid elimination within minutes and thus limiting its therapeutic utility. Due to its hydrophilic nature, percutaneous absorption and transdermal delivery of HT are very low. The aim of this research was to enhance the skin permeation of hydroxytyrosol using a niosome gel formulation. The formulations prepared with Span 60 as surfactant showed uniform particle size and high encapsulation efficiency (>90%). The niosome formulations showed a pseudoplastic behavior for topical application within the lipid/surfactant composition of 45-50%. The formulations showed a controlled release of HT compared to the HT solution. The flux of HT across human skin was increased by 28 and 4.4 fold compared to aqueous and ethanolic HT solutions, respectively (p < 0.001). The presence of lecithin lowered the flux and increased the retention of the formulations compared to HT solutions (p < 0.001). The formulations containing lecithin showed two-fold higher skin retention of hydroxytyrosol (p < 0.05). In conclusion, this study demonstrates niosome gel as a promising alternative to oral delivery of HT, providing sustained delivery and greater efficacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Al Saqr
- Department of Drug Discovery & Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manjusha Annaji
- Department of Drug Discovery & Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Ishwor Poudel
- Department of Drug Discovery & Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Shivani Rangari
- Department of Drug Discovery & Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Sai H S Boddu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Amit K Tiwari
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - R Jayachandra Babu
- Department of Drug Discovery & Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Damgalı Ş, Özdemir S, Kaya G, Demirkoz AB, Üner M. Development of monolithic matrix type transdermal patches containing cinnarizine: Physical characterization and permeation studies. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902022e19859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Aslı Barla Demirkoz
- Aromsa Besin Aroma ve Katkı Maddeleri Sanayi ve Ticaret Anonim Şirketi, Turkey; Halic University, Turkey
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Compatibility of Different Formulations in Pentravan® and Pentravan® Plus for Transdermal Drug Delivery. Sci Pharm 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/scipharm89040051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential therapeutic benefit of transdermal delivery systems for some active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) has been well-established for decades within the scientific community. However, together with the clinical efficacy, there is the need for an evaluation of the stability of such APIs in bases with known transdermal capabilities, which is necessary to provide the compounding pharmacist with confidence when providing transdermal products. In this study, the stability of danazol, metformin HCl, and resveratrol as individual ingredients, as well as metformin HCl, resveratrol, and Vitamin D3 in combinations at bracketed high and low concentrations, were evaluated over a period of 6 months, using a ready-to-use transdermal vehicle for compounding pharmacies (Pentravan® or Pentravan® Plus). The five formulations tested (F1: Danazol 50 mg/g + MiodesinTM 85 mg/g in Pentravan®, F2: Metformin HCl 200 mg/g in Pentravan®, F3: Resveratrol 200 mg/g in Pentravan®, F4: Metformin HCl 100 mg/g + Resveratrol 100 mg/g + Vitamin D3 5000 IU in Pentravan®, and F5: Metformin HCl 200 mg/g + Resveratrol 200 mg/g + Vitamin D3 5000 IU in Pentravan® Plus) presented a beyond-use date of at least 6 months, presenting high convenience for the compounding pharmacies.
Collapse
|
13
|
Grammatikopoulou MG, Gkiouras K, Dardiotis E, Zafiriou E, Tsigalou C, Bogdanos DP. Peeking into the future: Transdermal patches for the delivery of micronutrient supplements. Metabol Open 2021; 11:100109. [PMID: 34337377 PMCID: PMC8318979 DOI: 10.1016/j.metop.2021.100109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Adhesive transdermal delivery devices (patches) are the latest advancement in the delivery of micronutrients. A common challenge in this mode of delivery includes surpassing the physical barrier of the skin, while the use of microneedle (MN) arrays, or pretreatment of the skin with MNs can be used for a more successful outcome. Limited evidence from human non-randomized trials point to a sub-optimal delivery of iron through skin patches, although no MNs were used in those trials. Moreover, the use of patches proved inefficient in reducing the prevalence of micronutrient deficiencies in post-bariatric surgery patients. The delivery of minerals was tested in animals using reservoir-type patches, gel/foam patches, MNs and iontophoresis. Results from these studies indicate a possible interplay between the dietary manipulation of mineral intake and the trandermal delivery through patches, as reduced, or regular dietary intake seems to increase absorption of the delivered mineral. Moreover, intervention duration could be an additional factor affecting absorption. Possible adverse events from animal studies include redness or decolorization of skin. In vitro and ex vivo studies revealed an increase in vitamin K, vitamin D and iron delivery, however a variety of methodological discrepancies are apparent in these studies, including the models used, the length of the MNs, the duration of application, temperature control and total micronutrient load in the patches. Data indicate that pre-treating the skin with MNs might enhance delivery; however, a source of variability in the observed effectiveness might include the different molecular weights of the nutrients used, skin factors, the ideal tip radius and MN wall thickness. Non-human studies indicate a potential benefit in combining MN with iontophoresis. Presently, the transdermal delivery seems promising with regard to nutritional supplementation, however limited evidence exists for its efficacy in humans. Future research should aim to control for both intervention duration, possible deficiency status and for the dietary intake of participants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria G Grammatikopoulou
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece.,Department of Nutritional Sciences & Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, International Hellenic University, Alexander Campus, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Gkiouras
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece.,Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Efthimios Dardiotis
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Efterpi Zafiriou
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Christina Tsigalou
- Department of Microbiology, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Dimitrios P Bogdanos
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Junqueira L, Polonini H, Ramos C, Ferreira AO, Raposo N, Brandão M. Assessment of a Novel Vitamin D3 Formulation with Nanostructured Lipid Carriers for Transdermal Delivery. Curr Drug Deliv 2021; 19:614-624. [PMID: 34238191 DOI: 10.2174/1567201818666210708121304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Develop and assess a transdermal emulsion loaded with nanostructured lipid carriers for vitamin D3 supplementation. METHODS Vitamin D3 loaded nanostructured lipid carriers, produced via high shear homogenization and ultrasonication, were assessed for their particle size, distribution, morphology, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency, and cytotoxicity. They were incorporated into a transdermal vehicle, and the stability and ex vivo permeation were evaluated. RESULTS Spherical nanoparticles were developed with a particle size of 192.5 nm, a polydispersity index of 0.13, a zeta potential of -29.0 mV, and an entrapment efficiency of 99.75%. They were stable (particle size and distribution) for 15 days when stored in a refrigerator and for 30 days at room temperature and 32 °C. The nanoparticles decreased the drug cytotoxicity against fibroblasts, as shown by IC50 (nanoparticle: 32.48 μg mL-1; vitamin D3: 16.73 μg mL-1). The emulsion loaded with nanoparticles minimized the degradation of vitamin D3 when compared with the nanoparticle dispersion. Additionally, the emulsion provided the skin permeation of vitamin D3 following the recommended daily allowance. CONCLUSION To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to use nanostructured lipid carriers for transdermal delivery of vitamin D. The developed formulation is a promising strategy to overcome the vitamin D3 variable oral bioavailability. It also represents a comfortable route of administrationd. Thus it could be beneficial for patients and clinicians. However, further studies are needed to allow the permeation of larger amounts of vitamin D3, and the combination of these nanoparticles with microneedles would be interesting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Junqueira
- NUPICS- Núcleo de Pesquisa e Inovação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora. Brazil
| | - Hudson Polonini
- NUPICS- Núcleo de Pesquisa e Inovação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora. Brazil
| | | | - Anderson O Ferreira
- NUPICS- Núcleo de Pesquisa e Inovação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora. Brazil
| | - Nádia Raposo
- NUPICS- Núcleo de Pesquisa e Inovação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora. Brazil
| | - Marcos Brandão
- NUPICS- Núcleo de Pesquisa e Inovação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora. Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Sharma G, Alle M, Chakraborty C, Kim JC. Strategies for transdermal drug delivery against bone disorders: A preclinical and clinical update. J Control Release 2021; 336:375-395. [PMID: 34175368 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The transdermal drug delivery system is an exceptionally safe and well-tolerable therapeutic approach that has immense potential for delivering active components against bone-related pathologies. However, its use is limited in the current clinical practices due to the low skin permeability of most active drugs in the formulation. Thus, innovations in the methodologies of skin permeation enhancement techniques are suggested to overcome this limitation. Although various transdermal drug delivery systems are studied to date, there are insufficient studies comparing the therapeutic efficacy of transdermal delivery systems to oral delivery systems. Thus, creating a decision-making dilemma between oral or transdermal therapies. Therefore, a timely review is inevitable to develop a platform for future researchers to develop next-generation transdermal drug delivery strategies against skeletal diseases that must be convenient and cost-effective for the patients with improved therapeutic efficacy. Here, we will outline the most recent strategies that can overcome the choice limitation of the drug and enhance the transdermal adsorption of various types of drugs to treat bone disorders. For the first time, in this review paper, we will highlight the preclinical and clinical studies on the different transdermal delivery methods. Thus, providing insight into the current therapeutic approaches and suggesting new directions for the advancements in transdermal drug delivery systems against bone disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Garima Sharma
- Department of Biomedical Science & Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Madhusudhan Alle
- Institute of Forest Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Chiranjib Chakraborty
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Adamas University, Barasat-Barrackpore Rd, Kolkata, West Bengal 700126, India
| | - Jin-Chul Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science & Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Malhotra D, Pan S, Rüther L, Schlippe G, Voss W, Germann N. Polysaccharide-based skin scaffolds with enhanced mechanical compatibility with native human skin. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2021; 122:104607. [PMID: 34198231 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2021.104607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
We report a custom-made technique to synthesize process-convenient skin scaffolds by tuning the mechanical properties of hydrogels based on a few naturally occurring polysaccharides to match the rheological properties of previously established benchmarks, i.e., the ex vivo native human skins. We studied the mechanical parameters using oscillatory shear rheology. At small strain amplitudes, the intrinsic elastic modulus showed an almost linear dependence in the middle and a changing rate profile at the two ends with concentration of the principal hydrogel component variant, i.e., kappa (κ)-carrageenan. At large strain amplitudes, the hydrogels demonstrated intercycle strain-softening behavior, the onset of which was directly proportional to the κ-carrageenan concentration. We observed a concentration match for the intrinsic elastic modulus of the benchmark within this sigmoidal curve fit. Contextually, we need to explore other potent polymeric hydrogel systems to achieve mechanical affinity in terms of multiple rheological parameters derived from both strain amplitude and angular frequency sweeps. Additionally, we carried out diffusion experiments to study caffeine permeation attributes. The hydrogels show improved barrier features with increasing κ-carrageenan concentration. In terms of the penetration flux and total cumulative amount of permeated caffeine, this enhanced mechanical adherence demonstrates comparable penetration features with the commercial 3D skin model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Malhotra
- Fluid Dynamics of Complex Biosystems, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, 85354, Germany.
| | - Sharadwata Pan
- Fluid Dynamics of Complex Biosystems, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, 85354, Germany.
| | - Lars Rüther
- Dermatest GmbH, Engelstraße 37, Münster, 48143, Germany.
| | | | - Werner Voss
- Dermatest GmbH, Engelstraße 37, Münster, 48143, Germany.
| | - Natalie Germann
- Fluid Dynamics of Complex Biosystems, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, 85354, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Formulative Study and Intracellular Fate Evaluation of Ethosomes and Transethosomes for Vitamin D3 Delivery. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22105341. [PMID: 34069489 PMCID: PMC8161393 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In this pilot study, ethosomes and transethosomes were investigated as potential delivery systems for cholecalciferol (vitamin D3), whose deficiency has been correlated to many disorders such as dermatological diseases, systemic infections, cancer and sarcopenia. A formulative study on the influence of pharmaceutically acceptable ionic and non-ionic surfactants allowed the preparation of different transethosomes. In vitro cytotoxicity was evaluated in different cell types representative of epithelial, connective and muscle tissue. Then, the selected nanocarriers were further investigated at light and transmission electron microscopy to evaluate their uptake and intracellular fate. Both ethosomes and transethosomes proven to have physicochemical properties optimal for transdermal penetration and efficient vitamin D3 loading; moreover, nanocarriers were easily internalized by all cell types, although they followed distinct intracellular fates: ethosomes persisted for long times inside the cytoplasm, without inducing subcellular alteration, while transethosomes underwent rapid degradation giving rise to an intracellular accumulation of lipids. These basic results provide a solid scientific background to in vivo investigations aimed at exploring the efficacy of vitamin D3 transdermal administration in different experimental and pathological conditions.
Collapse
|
18
|
Lavanya MN, Preethi R, Moses JA, Anandharamakrishnan C. Aerosol-based Pulmonary Delivery of Therapeutic Molecules from Food Sources: Delivery Mechanism, Research Trends, and the Way Forward. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2021.1888971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. N. Lavanya
- Computational Modeling and Nanoscale Processing Unit, Indian Institute of Food Processing Technology (IIFPT), Ministry of Food Processing Industries, Govt. Of India, India
| | - R. Preethi
- Computational Modeling and Nanoscale Processing Unit, Indian Institute of Food Processing Technology (IIFPT), Ministry of Food Processing Industries, Govt. Of India, India
| | - J. A. Moses
- Computational Modeling and Nanoscale Processing Unit, Indian Institute of Food Processing Technology (IIFPT), Ministry of Food Processing Industries, Govt. Of India, India
| | - C. Anandharamakrishnan
- Computational Modeling and Nanoscale Processing Unit, Indian Institute of Food Processing Technology (IIFPT), Ministry of Food Processing Industries, Govt. Of India, India
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Pan S, Sivanathan S, Kiepe G, Kiepe T, Germann N. Candidate Formulations for a Sustainable Lipstick Supplemented with Vitamin D3: Effects of Wax Type and Concentration on Material Properties. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c05264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sharadwata Pan
- Fluid Dynamics of Complex Biosystems, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of MunichRINGGOLD, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | | | - Gero Kiepe
- KHK GmbH, Innungstraße 29, 50334 Hürth, Germany
| | | | - Natalie Germann
- Fluid Dynamics of Complex Biosystems, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of MunichRINGGOLD, 85354 Freising, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Development and Study of Nanoemulsions and Nanoemulsion-Based Hydrogels for the Encapsulation of Lipophilic Compounds. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10122464. [PMID: 33317080 PMCID: PMC7763598 DOI: 10.3390/nano10122464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Biocompatible nanoemulsions and nanoemulsion-based hydrogels were formulated for the encapsulation and delivery of vitamin D3 and curcumin. The aforementioned systems were structurally studied applying dynamic light scattering (DLS), electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy and viscometry. In vitro studies were conducted using Franz diffusion cells to investigate the release of the bioactive compounds from the nanocarriers. The cytotoxicity of the nanoemulsions was investigated using the thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide (MTT) cell proliferation assay and RPMI 2650 nasal epithelial cells as in vitro model. DLS measurements showed that vitamin D3 and curcumin addition in the dispersed phase of the nanoemulsions caused an increase in the size of the oil droplets from 78.6 ± 0.2 nm to 83.6 ± 0.3 nm and from 78.6 ± 0.2 nm to 165.6 ± 1.0 nm, respectively. Loaded nanoemulsions, in both cases, were stable for 60 days of storage at 25 °C. EPR spectroscopy revealed participation of vitamin D3 and curcumin in the surfactants monolayer. In vitro release rates of both lipophilic compounds from the nanoemulsions were comparable to the corresponding ones from the nanoemulsion-based hydrogels. The developed o/w nanoemulsions did not exhibit cytotoxic effect up to the concentration threshold of 1 mg/mL in the cell culture medium.
Collapse
|
21
|
Wyon MA, Wolman R, Martin C, Galloway S. The efficacy of different vitamin D supplementation delivery methods on serum 25(OH)D: A randomised double-blind placebo trial. Clin Nutr 2020; 40:388-393. [PMID: 32703720 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2020.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of vitamin D supplementation has increased due to greater recognition of widespread deficiency. AIMS There has been little research on the effectiveness of different delivery methods and therefore the aim of was to test the efficacy of different delivery methods on serum 25(OH)D. METHODS Using a randomised repeated measures double-blind placebo design (registered under ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier no. NCT03463642), changes in serum 25(OH)D over a 4-week period using a capillary spot method were monitored. 62 female participants blindly chose a number related to a supplementation delivery method: pill placebo, pill, oral liquid, oral liquid placebo, Skin oil application (SOA) placebo, SOA plus vitamin D3 suspension, or SOA plus vitamin D3 suspension with essential oil enhancer; active vitamin D supplements contained 100,000IU. Participants took their allocated supplements over a 24-hr period with serum 25(OH)D retested 4 weeks later. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method was applied to dried blood spot samples by an independent laboratory. RESULTS ANCOVA reported a significant difference between the groups (F1,6 = 146.68; p < 0.001, eta2 = 0.51). Separate analysis within the delivery methods (pill, SOA, oral liquid) indicated significant differences between the active and placebo supplementation groups (p < 0.01). Post hoc analysis of absolute changes indicated vit D pill and SOA + vit D + essential oil had significant increases (p < 0.05) in serum 25(OH)D compared to all other interventions with no significant difference between them. CONCLUSIONS In human participants vitamin D oral pill has the greatest effect on serum 25(OH)D levels. Skin oil application delivery of vitamin D using a penetrator enhancer has also been shown to be an effective method of delivery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M A Wyon
- Sport and Physical Activity Research Centre, Institute of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Wolverhampton, UK
| | - R Wolman
- Department of Rheumatology and Sport and Exercise Medicine, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, UK
| | - C Martin
- Worcester Biomedical Science Research Group, Institute of Science and the Environment, St. John's Campus, University of Worcester, Henwick Grove, Worcester, WR2 6AJ, UK.
| | - S Galloway
- Sport and Physical Activity Research Centre, Institute of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Wolverhampton, UK
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Saurabh S, Gao Y, Maduka S, Smith L, Lasley R, Singh N. Is Transdermal Multivitamin Patch Effective in Gastric Bypass Patients? Obes Surg 2020; 29:3818-3823. [PMID: 31302845 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-019-04070-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB) patients are recommended to take multiple oral vitamin supplements daily. Transdermal multivitamin patches are being advertised as an alternative for use in bariatric patients with no data to support their efficacy. The purpose of this study was to evaluate response to daily transdermal use of multivitamin patch after LRYGB and to compare them with a control group of similar patients who used oral supplements. METHODS A retrospective review was carried out on patients who had LRYGB at a community hospital from February 2015 to February 2019. Patients who had completed preoperative and annual postoperative bariatric laboratory tests were included. They were divided into patch and pill (control) group. RESULTS Seventeen patients were included in the patch and 27 in the pill group. Patients in each group used either patch or pills for 12 months and they were 1 year post LRYGB. Fourteen patients (82.35%) in patch group and 11 patients (40.74%) in pill group had at least 1 deficiency at annual postoperative blood work (P = .0116). Vitamin D deficiency was seen in 81% patients in patch group vs 36% in the pill group (P = .0092). Statistically significant lower postoperative serum concentrations of vitamin D, B1, and B12 were seen in the patch group. CONCLUSIONS Multivitamin patch users are more likely to have vitamin D deficiency and lower serum concentration of various vitamins and minerals. Future large studies are needed on the efficacy of multivitamin patches before they can be recommended to bariatric patient population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shireesh Saurabh
- General / Bariatric Surgery, Mercy Hospital, 540 East-Jefferson Street, Suite 205, Iowa City, IA, 52245, USA.
| | - Yubo Gao
- University of Iowa Hospital and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | | | - Lori Smith
- Mercy Hospital, Iowa City, IA, 52245, USA
| | | | - Namrata Singh
- University of Iowa Hospital and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Sadgrove NJ, Jones GL. From Petri Dish to Patient: Bioavailability Estimation and Mechanism of Action for Antimicrobial and Immunomodulatory Natural Products. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2470. [PMID: 31736910 PMCID: PMC6834656 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The new era of multidrug resistance of pathogens against frontline antibiotics has compromised the immense therapeutic gains of the 'golden age,' stimulating a resurgence in antimicrobial research focused on antimicrobial and immunomodulatory components of botanical, fungal or microbial origin. While much valuable information has been amassed on the potency of crude extracts and, indeed, purified compounds there are too many reports that uncritically extrapolate observed in vitro activity to presumed ingestive and/or topical therapeutic value, particularly in the discipline of ethnopharmacology. Thus, natural product researchers would benefit from a basic pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic understanding. Furthermore, therapeutic success of complex mixtures or single components derived therefrom is not always proportionate to their MIC values, since immunomodulation can be the dominant mechanism of action. Researchers often fail to acknowledge this, particularly when 'null' activity is observed. In this review we introduce the most up to date theories of oral and topical bioavailability including the metabolic processes affecting xenobiotic biotransformation before and after drugs reach the site of their action in the body. We briefly examine the common methodologies employed in antimicrobial, immunomodulatory and pharmacokinetic research. Importantly, we emphasize the contribution of synergies and/or antagonisms in complex mixtures as they affect absorptive processes in the body and sometimes potentiate activity. Strictly in the context of natural product research, it is important to acknowledge the potential for chemotypic variation within important medicinal plants. Furthermore, polar head space and rotatable bonds give a priori indications of the likelihood of bioavailability of active metabolites. Considering this and other relatively simple chemical insights, we hope to provide the basis for a more rigorous scientific assessment, enabling researchers to predict the likelihood that observed in vitro anti-infective activity will translate to in vivo outcomes in a therapeutic context. We give worked examples of tentative pharmacokinetic assessment of some well-known medicinal plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas John Sadgrove
- Pharmaceuticals and Nutraceuticals (PAN) Group, School of Science and Technology, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia
- Jodrell Science Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, United Kingdom
| | - Graham Lloyd Jones
- Pharmaceuticals and Nutraceuticals (PAN) Group, School of Science and Technology, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Sawarkar S, Ashtekar A. Transdermal vitamin D supplementation—A potential vitamin D deficiency treatment. J Cosmet Dermatol 2019; 19:28-32. [DOI: 10.1111/jocd.13085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sujata Sawarkar
- Department of Pharmaceutics SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, University of Mumbai Mumbai India
| | - Ashwini Ashtekar
- Department of Pharmaceutics SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, University of Mumbai Mumbai India
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Drug Delivery Systems for Vitamin D Supplementation and Therapy. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:pharmaceutics11070347. [PMID: 31323777 PMCID: PMC6680748 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11070347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D (VD) is a fat-soluble prohormone well known for its role in regulating calcium and phosphate metabolism. It has been clinically used for many years to prevent rickets in children, osteomalacia, and osteoporosis in adults. VD insufficiency is a common medical condition, and many supplements are available in the market in order to increase serum 25-hydroxy VD levels to recommended amounts. Over the course of the last decades, it has become increasingly clear that calcitriol, an active form of VD, regulates multiple cellular processes with effects on normal and malignant cell growth and differentiation, and on the immune and cardiovascular function. Increasing evidence supports the role of the VD system in cancer prevention and therapy. Due to many pleiotropic and beneficial effects in extra-skeletal disorders, VD has gained potential and become an interesting active for encapsulation into drug delivery systems. The purpose of this review is to present the diversity of drug delivery systems that have been reported for VD or VD derivatives in an orderly manner across the following categories: Oral administration, application on the skin, cancer prevention/therapy, and other diseases or routes of administration.
Collapse
|
26
|
Rejinold NS, Kim HK, Isakovic AF, Gater DL, Kim YC. Therapeutic vitamin delivery: Chemical and physical methods with future directions. J Control Release 2019; 298:83-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.01.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
27
|
Transdermal sampling of vitamin D 3 and 25-hydroxyvitamin D 3. Bioanalysis 2018; 11:61-72. [PMID: 30475076 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2018-0138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Transdermal analysis is proposed for vitamin D3 and its hydroxylated metabolite to overcome problems associated with blood analysis. METHODS Vitamin D3 was extracted directly from skin with solid patches and liquid phases. Deuterium-labeled vitamin D3 was added to the extraction solutions to compensate for variability and accurately determine the rate of transdermal transfer. Of the different extraction solvents tested, 50:50 octanol:isopropanol showed the best results, with an accuracy of 115% and reproducibility better than 30%. CONCLUSION The research shows that transdermal route can be used for analysis of vitamin D3 in porcine skin. When microneedles are used, accurate measurements were obtained in 1 h. With intact skin, the highest accuracy was obtained when extraction was done for 2 h.
Collapse
|
28
|
D’Angelo Costa GM, Sales de Oliveira Pinto CA, Rodrigues Leite-Silva V, Rolim Baby A, Robles Velasco MV. Is Vitamin D 3 Transdermal Formulation Feasible? An Ex Vivo Skin Retention and Permeation. AAPS PharmSciTech 2018; 19:2418-2425. [PMID: 29869312 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-018-1065-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D3 supplementation is important to prevent and treat hypovitaminosis that is a worldwide public health issue. Most types of supplementation are by oral route or fortification foods. The alternative route must be investigated, as transdermal route, for people with fat malabsorption or other diseases that impair the absorption of vitamin D3. This study focused on verifying the feasibleness of vitamin D3 skin retention and permeation with the presence of chemical penetration enhancers (soybean lecithin, isopropyl palmitate, propylene glycol, ethoxydiglycol, and cereal alcohol) at different pharmaceutical forms (gel and cream) through a human skin. The integrity of skin was evaluated by transepidermal water loss (TEWL) during the skin retention and permeation test. The combination of chemical penetration enhancers presented in cream did not compromise the skin, different from the gel that association of cereal alcohol and propylene glycol compromised the skin in 24 h. Gel formulation showed vitamin D3 detection at stratum corneum in 4 h and at epidermis and dermis in 24 h. Vitamin D3 demonstrated an affinity with the vehicle in the cream formulation and was detected at the skin surface. No active was found at receptor fluid for both formulations. In conclusion, the vitamin D3 did not indicate feasibleness for transdermal use probably due to its physical-chemical characteristics such as high lipophilicity since it was not permeated through a human skin. Nevertheless, the transdermal route should be continuously investigated with less lipophilic derivates of vitamin D3 and with different combination of penetration enhancers.
Collapse
|
29
|
Development of transdermal vitamin D3 (VD3) delivery system using combinations of PLGA nanoparticles and microneedles. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2017; 8:281-290. [DOI: 10.1007/s13346-017-0460-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
30
|
Vora LK, Donnelly RF, Larrañeta E, González-Vázquez P, Thakur RRS, Vavia PR. Novel bilayer dissolving microneedle arrays with concentrated PLGA nano-microparticles for targeted intradermal delivery: Proof of concept. J Control Release 2017; 265:93-101. [PMID: 29037785 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Polymeric microneedle (MN) arrays continue to receive growing attention due to their ability to bypass the skin's stratum corneum barrier in a minimally-invasive fashion and achieve enhanced transdermal drug delivery and "targeted" intradermal vaccine administration. In this research work, we fabricated biodegradable bilayer MN arrays containing nano - microparticles for targeted and sustained intradermal drug delivery. For this study, model drug (vitamin D3, VD3)-loaded PLGA nano- and microparticles (NMP) were prepared by a single emulsion solvent evaporation method with 72.8% encapsulation of VD3. The prepared NMP were directly mixed 20% w/v poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) gel, with the mixture filled into laser engineered micromoulds by high-speed centrifugation (30min) to concentrate NMP into MN shafts. The particle size of PLGA NMP ranged from 300nm to 3.5μm and they retained their particle size after moulding of bilayer MN arrays. The relatively wide particle size distribution of PLGA NMP was shown to be important in producing a compact structure in bilayer conical, as well as pyramidal, MN, as confirmed by scanning electron microscopy. The drug release profile from PLGA NMP was tri-phasic, being sustained over 5days. The height of bilayer MN arrays was influenced by the weight ratio of NMP and 20% w/v PVP. Good mechanical and insertion profiles (into a skin simulant and excised neonatal porcine skin) were confirmed by texture analysis and optical coherence tomography, respectively. Ex vivo intradermal neonatal porcine skin penetration of VD3 NMP from bilayer MN was quantitatively analysed after cryostatic skin sectioning, with 74.2±9.18% of VD3 loading delivered intradermally. The two-stage novel processing strategy developed here provides a simple and easy method for localising particulate delivery systems into dissolving MN. Such systems may serve as promising means for controlled transdermal delivery and targeted intradermal administration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lalit K Vora
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, University Under Section 3 of UGC Act - 1956, Elite Status and Center of Excellence, Govt. of Maharashtra, Mumbai 400 019, India
| | - Ryan F Donnelly
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Eneko Larrañeta
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | | | | | - Pradeep R Vavia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, University Under Section 3 of UGC Act - 1956, Elite Status and Center of Excellence, Govt. of Maharashtra, Mumbai 400 019, India.
| |
Collapse
|