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Wang Y, Liu M, Li J, Jiang P, Han D, Zhang H, Xu L, Qiu Y. Preparing a novel baicalin-loaded microemulsion-based gel for transdermal delivery and testing its anti-gout effect. Saudi Pharm J 2024; 32:102100. [PMID: 38812945 PMCID: PMC11135029 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2024.102100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that baicalin had efficacy against gouty arthritis (GA) by oral administration. In this paper, a novel baicalin-loaded microemulsion-based gel (B-MEG) was prepared and assessed for the transdermal delivery of baicalin against GA. The preparation method and transdermal capability of B-MEG was screened and optimized using the central composite design, Franz diffusion cell experiments, and the split-split plot design. Skin irritation tests were performed in guinea pigs. The anti-gout effects were evaluated using mice. The optimized B-MEG comprised of 50 % pH 7.4 phosphate buffered saline, 4.48 % ethyl oleate, 31.64 % tween 80, 13.88 % glycerin, 2 % borneol, 0.5 % clove oil and 0.5 % xanthan gum, with a baicalin content of (10.42 ± 0.08) mg/g and particle size of (15.71 ± 0.41) nm. After 12 h, the cumulative amount of baicalin permeated from B-MEG was (672.14 ± 44.11) μg·cm-2. No significant skin irritation was observed following B-MEG application. Compared to the model group, B-MEG groups significantly decreased the rate of auricular swelling (P < 0.01) and number of twists observed in mice (P < 0.01); and also reduced the rate of paw swelling (P < 0.01) and inflammatory cell infiltration in a mouse model of GA. In conclusion, B-MEG represents a promising transdermal carrier for baicalin delivery and can be used as a potential therapy for GA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingzhou Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Mingxue Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Junjie Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Peipei Jiang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Di Han
- School of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Hongling Zhang
- College of Medicine and Health Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Lingyun Xu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Yinsheng Qiu
- School of Animal Science and Nutrition Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
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Balmanno A, Falconer JR, Ravuri HG, Mills PC. Strategies to Improve the Transdermal Delivery of Poorly Water-Soluble Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:675. [PMID: 38794337 PMCID: PMC11124993 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16050675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The transdermal delivery of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) has the potential to overcome some of the major disadvantages relating to oral NSAID usage, such as gastrointestinal adverse events and compliance. However, the poor solubility of many of the newer NSAIDs creates challenges in incorporating the drugs into formulations suitable for application to skin and may limit transdermal permeation, particularly if the goal is therapeutic systemic drug concentrations. This review is an overview of the various strategies used to increase the solubility of poorly soluble NSAIDs and enhance their permeation through skin, such as the modification of the vehicle, the modification of or bypassing the barrier function of the skin, and using advanced nano-sized formulations. Furthermore, the simple yet highly versatile microemulsion system has been found to be a cost-effective and highly successful technology to deliver poorly water-soluble NSAIDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Balmanno
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton Campus, Gatton, QLD 4343, Australia;
| | - James R. Falconer
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Dutton Park Campus, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia;
| | - Halley G. Ravuri
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia;
| | - Paul C. Mills
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton Campus, Gatton, QLD 4343, Australia;
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Yang W. Co-delivery of trifluralin and miltefosin with enhanced skin penetration and localization in Leishmania affected macrophages. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2022.2159833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Yang
- Clinical Nursing Higher Vocational Education, Weinan Vocational & Technical College, Weinan City, Shaanxi Province, China
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Daryab M, Faizi M, Mahboubi A, Aboofazeli R. Preparation and Characterization of Lidocaine-Loaded, Microemulsion-Based Topical Gels. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH : IJPR 2022; 21:e123787. [PMID: 35765506 PMCID: PMC9191217 DOI: 10.5812/ijpr.123787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Microemulsion-based gels (MBGs) were prepared for transdermal delivery of lidocaine and evaluated for their potential for local anesthesia. Lidocaine solubility was measured in various oils, and phase diagrams were constructed to map the concentration range of oil, surfactant, cosurfactant, and water for oil-in-water (o/w) microemulsion (ME) domains, employing the water titration method at different surfactant/cosurfactant weight ratios. Refractive index, electrical conductivity, droplet size, zeta potential, pH, viscosity, and stability of fluid o/w MEs were evaluated. Carbomer® 940 was incorporated into the fluid drug-loaded MEs as a gelling agent. Microemulsion-based gels were characterized for spreadability, pH, viscosity, and in-vitro drug release measurements, and based on the results obtained, the best MBGs were selected and subsequently subjected to ex-vivo rat skin permeation anesthetic effect and irritation studies. Data indicated the formation of nano-sized droplets of MEs ranging from 20 - 52 nm with a polydispersity of less than 0.5. In-vitro release and ex-vivo permeation studies on MBGs showed significantly higher drug release and permeation in comparison to the marketed topical gel. Developed MBG formulations demonstrated greater potential for transdermal delivery of lidocaine and advantage over the commercially available gel product, and therefore, they may be considered as potential vehicles for the topical delivery of lidocaine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahshid Daryab
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Faizi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arash Mahboubi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Food Safety Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Corresponding Author: Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Reza Aboofazeli
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Protein Technology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Corresponding Author: Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Chen C, Wang Y, Jiang W, Zhu C, Yao S. Transdermal release behaviors of bioactive deep eutectic solvents as natural skin care and mechanism. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.120412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Fabrication and Characterizations of Pharmaceutical Emulgel Co-Loaded with Naproxen-Eugenol for Improved Analgesic and Anti-Inflammatory Effects. Gels 2022; 8:gels8100608. [PMID: 36286109 PMCID: PMC9602183 DOI: 10.3390/gels8100608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to fabricate and characterize a pharmaceutical emulgel co-loaded with naproxen/eugenol for transdermal delivery to improve the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects and to eliminate GIT adverse reactions. Emulgel was prepared using a slow emulsification method and evaluated for physical appearance, thermodynamic stability, viscosity, pH, spreadability, extrudability, in-vitro drug release, drug content, ex-vivo permeation, drug retention studies and in-vivo studies. The emulgel exhibited good physical attributes, being thermodynamically stable with no phase separation, having excellent homogeneity, and pH 5.5 to 6.5. Slight changes in viscosity, spreadability and extrudability with respect to high temperature were observed (p > 0.05). The drug content was 96.69 ± 1.18% and 97.24 ± 1.27% for naproxen and eugenol, respectively. The maximum release of naproxen after 12 h was 85.14 ± 1.11%, whereas eugenol was 86.67 ± 1.23% from emulgel following anomalous non-Fickian mechanism. The maximum % permeation of naproxen across skin was 78.5 ± 1.30, whereas maximum % permeation of eugenol was 83.7 ± 1.33 after 12 h. The skin retention of eugenol and naproxen was 8.52 ± 0.22% and 6.98 ± 0.24%, respectively. The optimized emulgel inhibited the carrageenan induced paw edema. The pain reaction times of optimized emulgel and standard marketed product (Voltral®) were 11.16 ± 0.17 and 10.36 ± 0.47, respectively, with no statistically significant difference (p > 0.05). This study concluded that transdermal delivery of naproxen-eugenol emulgel synergized the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of naproxen and eugenol.
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Zahid F, Batool S, Ud-Din F, Ali Z, Nabi M, Khan S, Salman O, Khan GM. Antileishmanial Agents Co-loaded in Transfersomes with Enhanced Macrophage Uptake and Reduced Toxicity. AAPS PharmSciTech 2022; 23:226. [PMID: 35970966 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-022-02384-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The prime objective of this study was to develop amphotericin B (AMB) and rifampicin (RIF) co-loaded transfersomal gel (AMB-RIF co-loaded TFG) for effective treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL). AMB-RIF co-loaded TF was prepared by the thin-film hydration method and was optimized based on particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential, entrapment efficiency (%EE), and deformability index. Similarly, AMB-RIF co-loaded TFG was characterized in terms of rheology, spread ability, and pH. In vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo assays were performed to evaluate AMB-RIF co-loaded TF as a potential treatment option for CL. The optimized formulation had vesicles in nanosize range (167 nm) with suitable PDI (0.106), zeta potential (- 19.05 mV), and excellent %EE of RIF (66%) and AMB (85%). Moreover, it had appropriate deformability index (0.952). Additionally, AMB-RIF co-loaded TFG demonstrated suitable rheological behavior for topical application. AMB-RIF co-loaded TF and AMB-RIF co-loaded TFG showed sustained release of the incorporated drugs as compared to AMB-RIF suspension. Furthermore, RIF permeation from AMB-RIF co-loaded TF and AMB-RIF co-loaded TFG was enhanced fivefold and threefold, whereas AMB permeation was enhanced by eightfold and 6.6-fold, respectively. The significantly different IC50, higher CC50, and FIC50 (p < 0.5) showed synergistic antileishmanial potential of AMB-RIF co-loaded TF. Likewise, reduced lesion size and parasitic burden in AMB-RIF co-loaded TF-treated mouse group further established the antileishmanial effect of the optimized formulation. Besides, AMB-RIF co-loaded TFG showed a better safety profile. This study concluded that TFG may be a suitable carrier for co-delivery of AMB-RIF when administered topically for the treatment of CL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Zahid
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sibgha Batool
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Fakhar Ud-Din
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Zakir Ali
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Nabi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Salman Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Omer Salman
- Department of Pharmacy, Forman Christian University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Gul Majid Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan. .,Islamia College University, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
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Yin F, Meng S, Zhao X, Wang H, Ning Y, Li Y, Chen Z. Development and in vitro and in vivo evaluations of a microemulsion formulation for the oral delivery of oxaprozin. Curr Drug Deliv 2021; 19:347-356. [PMID: 34521326 DOI: 10.2174/1567201818666210914092745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxaprozin is labeled as a Class II drug in the biopharmaceutical classification system, and its poor solubility in the entire gastrointestinal tract may be the main reason for its poor oral absorption capacity. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to develop an oxaprozin formulation to enhance its oral absorption. METHOD Oxaprozin-loaded microemulsions were prepared using the titration method and pseudoternary phase diagram. Characterization experiments were performed on microemulsion preparations, including pH, particle size, shape, zeta potential and stability (thermodynamic, dilution, and differential scanning calorimetry). Then, the in vitro release of the microemulsion and in vivo pharmacokinetics in rats were evaluated. RESULTS Several microemulsion formulations were prepared. The optimal formulation was 15% oleoyl macrogolglycerides, 35% Tween 20/isopropanol (Km=2) and 50% distilled water. Its particle size met the requirements, and it had a spherical shape with a negatively charged surface. This microemulsion-loaded drug was applied to in vitro release and in vivo pharmacokinetic experiments at 7.47 mg/mL. In vitro release of the oxaprozin-loaded microemulsion best fit the first-order model, while the microemulsion preparation had a certain sustained release effect. In vivo pharmacokinetic experiments indicated that the microemulsion formulation significantly delayed the peak time of the blood concentration and simultaneously prolonged the half-life of drug elimination. CONCLUSION The obtained data revealed satisfactory results for this novel microemulsion of oxaprozin, which is very meaningful for clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangming Yin
- College of pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang. China
| | - Shu Meng
- Chinese medicine laboratory, Shenyang Institute for Drug Control, Shenyang. China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Joint Logistics Support Center, Pharmaceutical Instruments Supervision and Inspection Station, Shenyang. China
| | - Huining Wang
- College of pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang. China
| | - Yingkai Ning
- College of wuya, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang. China
| | - Yangdulin Li
- College of pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang. China
| | - Zaixing Chen
- College of pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang. China
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Batool S, Zahid F, Ud-Din F, Naz SS, Dar MJ, Khan MW, Zeb A, Khan GM. Macrophage targeting with the novel carbopol-based miltefosine-loaded transfersomal gel for the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis: in vitro and in vivo analyses. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2021; 47:440-453. [PMID: 33615936 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2021.1890768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to develop novel carbopol-based miltefosine-loaded transfersomal gel (HePCTG) for the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) via efficient targeting of leishmania infected macrophages. METHODS Miltefosine-loaded transfersomes (HePCT) were prepared by ethanol injection method followed by their incorporation into carbopol gel to form HePCTG. The prepared HePCT were assessed for physicochemical properties including mean particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency, morphology, and deformability. Similarly, HePCTG was evaluated for physiochemical and rheological attributes. The in vitro release, skin permeation, skin irritation, anti-leishmanial activity, and in vivo efficacy in BALB/c mice against infected macrophages were also performed for HePCT. RESULTS The optimized HePCT displayed a particle size of 168 nm with entrapment efficiency of 92%. HePCTG showed suitable viscosity, pH, and sustained release of the incorporated drug. Furthermore, HePCT and HePCTG demonstrated higher skin permeation than drug solution. The results of macrophage uptake study indicated improved drug intake by passive diffusion. The lower half maximal inhibitory concentration value, selectivity index and higher 50% cytotoxic concentration value of HePCT compared to that of HePC solution demonstrated the improved anti-leishmanial efficacy and non-toxicity of the formulation. This was further confirmed by the notable reduction in parasite load and lesion size observed in in vivo anti-leishmanial study. CONCLUSION It can be stated that the formulated HePCTG can effectively be used for the treatment of CL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibgha Batool
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-e-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Fatima Zahid
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-e-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Fakhar- Ud-Din
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-e-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Syeda Sohaila Naz
- Department of Nanosciences & Technology, National Centre for Physics, Quaid-e-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Junaid Dar
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-e-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Alam Zeb
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Gul Majid Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-e-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Biological Evaluation of Oil-in-Water Microemulsions as Carriers of Benzothiophene Analogues for Dermal Applications. Biomimetics (Basel) 2021; 6:biomimetics6010010. [PMID: 33514031 PMCID: PMC7931112 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics6010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
During the last decade, many studies have been reported on the design and formulation of novel drug delivery systems proposed for dermal or transdermal administration. The efforts focus on the development of biocompatible nanodispersions that can be delivered to the skin and treat severe skin disorders, including cancer. In this context, oil-in-water (O/W) microemulsions have been developed to encapsulate and deliver lipophilic bioactive molecules for dermal application. An O/W biocompatible microemulsion composed of PBS buffer, Tween 80, and triacetin was assessed for its efficacy as a drug carrier of DPS-2, a lead compound, initially designed in-house to inhibit BRAFV600E oncogenic kinase. The system was evaluated through both in vitro and ex vivo approaches. The cytotoxic effect, in the presence and absence of DPS-2, was examined through the thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide (MTT) cell proliferation assay using various cell lines. Further investigation through Western blotting revealed that cells died of necrosis. Porcine ear skin was used as a skin model to evaluate the degree of permeation of DPS-2 through skin and assess its retention. Through the ex vivo experiments, it was clarified that encapsulated DPS-2 was distributed within the full thickness of the stratum corneum (SC) and had a high affinity to hair follicles.
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Apolinário AC, Hauschke L, Nunes JR, Lopes LB. Towards nanoformulations for skin delivery of poorly soluble API: What does indeed matter? J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.102045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Alves LP, da Silva Oliveira K, da Paixão Santos JA, da Silva Leite JM, Rocha BP, de Lucena Nogueira P, de Araújo Rêgo RI, Oshiro-Junior JA, Damasceno BPGDL. A review on developments and prospects of anti-inflammatory in microemulsions. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.102008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Development of a Solid Formulation Containing a Microemulsion of a Novel Artemisia Extract with Nematocidal Activity for Oral Administration. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12090873. [PMID: 32937773 PMCID: PMC7559406 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12090873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Intestinal nematode infections are usually treated with benzimidazole drugs, but the emergence of resistance to these drugs has led to an increasing demand of new anthelmintic strategies. A new microemulsion formulation (ME) consisting of an Artemisia absinthium extract with proven nematocidal efficacy was previously developed. The aim of our study is to implement a D-optimal mixture design methodology to increase the amount of a silica material (loaded with this ME) in a tablet formulation, considering its tensile strength and disintegration time. Methods: 16 experiments or combinations of the 6 tablet components (loaded silica, microcrystalline cellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, croscarmellose, Syloid® 244 FP and magnesium stearate) were assessed. Tensile strength and disintegration time models were developed, and an optimization process was carried out. Results: Tensile strength was improved by increasing the polyvinylpyrrolidone content, while croscarmellose decreased the disintegration time. The optimized powder mixture contains 49.7% w/w of the loaded silica material. A compression force of 12 kN was applied to the powder mixture to form tablets with a tensile strength of 2.0 MPa and a disintegration time of 3.8 min. Conclusions: Our results show that D-optimal mixture designs provide a promising approach to formulate liquid-loaded silica materials.
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Therapeutic effects of celecoxib polymeric systems in rat models of inflammation and adjuvant-induced rheumatoid arthritis. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 114:111042. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Shabbir M, Nagra U, Zaman M, Mahmood A, Barkat K. Lipid Vesicles and Nanoparticles for Non-invasive Topical and Transdermal Drug Delivery. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:2149-2166. [PMID: 31931691 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200114090659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The delivery of drugs, via different layers of skin, is challenging because it acts as a natural barrier and exerts hindrance against molecules to permeate into or through it. To overcome such obstacles, different noninvasive methods, like vehicle-drug interaction, modifications of the horny layer and nanoparticles have been suggested. The aim of the present review is to highlight some of the non-invasive methods for topical, diadermal and transdermal delivery of drugs. Special emphasis has been made on the information available in numerous research articles that put efforts in overcoming obstacles associated with barrier functions imposed by various layers of skin. Advances have been made in improving patient compliance that tends to avoid hitches involved in oral administration. Of particular interest is the use of lipid-based vesicles and nanoparticles for dermatological applications. These particulate systems can effectively interact and penetrate into the stratum corneum via lipid exchange and get distributed in epidermis and dermis. They also have the tendency to exert a systemic effect by facilitating the absorption of an active moiety into general circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Shabbir
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Uzair Nagra
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zaman
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Asif Mahmood
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Kashif Barkat
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
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Xiao S, Yan Y, Zhao J, Zhang Y, Feng N. Increased microneedle-mediated transdermal delivery of tetramethylpyrazine to the brain, combined with borneol and iontophoresis, for MCAO prevention. Int J Pharm 2019; 575:118962. [PMID: 31857187 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.118962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this research was to improve transdermal delivery and distribution of tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) in the brain, by adding borneol (BN) and iontophoresis (ITP), and using microneedles (MN), to prevent middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). BN was encapsulated into sulfobutylated-β-cyclodextrin (BN-SBE-β-CD), and then dispersed together with TMP. Four delivery groups were tested: passive (with no ITP and MN), ITP, MN, and MN combined with ITP (MN-ITP). In vitro transdermal fluxes of the drugs in those groups and in that corresponding order were 79.12 ± 14.5, 395.43 ± 12.37, 319.16 ± 29.99, and 1018.07 ± 108.92 μg/cm2 (for TMP), and 39.34 ± 1.31, 202.81 ± 53.56, 715.47 ± 75.52, and 1088.60 ± 53.90 μg/cm2 (for BN), respectively, which indicated that the use of MN-ITP greatly enhanced transdermal TMP and BN delivery compared to the other groups. The AUC0-t for the combined use of TMP and BN drugs was measured using two in vivo studies, cutaneous microdialysis and pharmacodynamic, yielding increased folds of 3.69 and 1.98 in ITP, 6.05 and 2.73 in MN, and 12.43 and 7.47 in MN-ITP groups, respectively, as compared to those in the passive group. In addition, the combined use of TMP and BN increased TMP distribution in the heart and the brain, indicated by TMP Cmax of 1.76- and 1.59-fold higher (p < 0.05), and TMP AUC0-t of 1.50 times and 1.19-fold higher (p < 0.01), than with administration of TMP in absence of BN, respectively. The brain infarction area and IL-β expression in the MCAO rat were significantly decreased in the MN-ITP group, compared with the control group (p < 0.05). In conclusion, combination of MN and ITP resulted in a synergistic enhancement of transdermal delivery and distribution of TMP in the brain, when in combination with BN, thereby significantly decreasing the infarct volumes and improving the neurological scores of MCAO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirui Xiao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yulu Yan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jihui Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yongtai Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Nianping Feng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
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17
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Zhang Y, Zhang K, Wang Z, Hu H, Jing Q, Li Y, Guo T, Feng N. Transcutol® P/Cremophor® EL/Ethyl Oleate-Formulated Microemulsion Loaded into Hyaluronic Acid-Based Hydrogel for Improved Transdermal Delivery and Biosafety of Ibuprofen. AAPS PharmSciTech 2019; 21:22. [PMID: 31823083 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-019-1584-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, a novel transdermal delivery system was developed and its advantages were demonstrated. Ibuprofen is a commonly used anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and analgesic drug; however, because of its short biological half-life, it must be frequently administered orally and is highly irritating to the digestive tract. To prepare a novel transdermal delivery system for ibuprofen, a microemulsion was used as a drug carrier and dispersed in a hyaluronic acid-based hydrogel (ME/Gel) to increase percutaneous drug absorption while avoiding gastrointestinal tract irritation. The prepared microemulsion had a droplet size of ~ 90 nm, and the microemulsion had good stability in the hydrogel. Rheological tests revealed that the ME/Gel is a pseudoplastic fluid with decreased viscosity and increased shear rate. It displayed a certain viscoelasticity, and the microemulsion distribution displayed minor effects on the rheological characteristics of the hydrogel system. There was no significant difference in the rheology of the ME/Gel at 25°C and 32°C (normal skin surface temperature), which is beneficial for clinical application. Drug transdermal flux was significantly higher than that of the hydrogel and commercial cream groups (p < 0.01). The 24-h cumulative drug permeation amount was 1.42-fold and 2.52-fold higher than that of the hydrogel and cream groups, respectively. By loading into the ME/Gel, the cytotoxicity of the drug to HaCaT cells was reduced. These results indicate that the prepared ME/Gel can effectively improve transdermal ibuprofen delivery and the biosafety of the drug and could therefore have applicability as a drug delivery system.
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Guo Y, Mao X, Zhang J, Sun P, Wang H, Zhang Y, Ma Y, Xu S, Lv R, Liu X. Oral delivery of lycopene-loaded microemulsion for brain-targeting: preparation, characterization, pharmacokinetic evaluation and tissue distribution. Drug Deliv 2019; 26:1191-1205. [PMID: 31738085 PMCID: PMC6882477 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2019.1689312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Lycopene is considered as a promising neuroprotector with multiple bioactivities, while its therapeutic use in neurological disorders is restricted due to low solubility, instability and limited bioavailability. Our work aimed to develop lycopene-loaded microemulsion (LME) and investigate its potentials in improving bioavailability and brain-targeting efficiency following oral administration. The blank microemulsion (ME) excipients were selected based on orthogonal design and pseudo-ternary phase diagrams, and LME was prepared using the water titration method and characterized in terms of stability, droplet size distribution, zeta potential, shape and lycopene content. The optimized LME encompassed lycopene, (R)-(+)-limonene, Tween 80, Transcutol HP and water and lycopene content was 463.03 ± 8.96 µg/mL. This novel formulation displayed transparent appearance and satisfactory physical and chemical stabilities. It was spherical and uniform in morphology with an average droplet size of 12.61 ± 0.46 nm and a polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.086 ± 0.028. The pharmacokinetics and tissue distributions of optimized LME were evaluated in rats and mice, respectively. The pharmacokinetic study revealed a dramatic 2.10-fold enhancement of relative bioavailability with LME against the control lycopene dissolved in olive oil (LOO) dosage form in rats. Moreover, LME showed a preferential targeting distribution of lycopene toward brain in mice, with the value of drug targeting index (DTI) up to 3.45. In conclusion, the optimized LME system demonstrated excellent physicochemical properties, enhanced oral bioavailability and superior brain-targeting capability. These findings provide a basis for the applications of ME-based strategy in brain-targeted delivery via oral route, especially for poorly water-soluble drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunliang Guo
- Department of Geriatrics, Shandong Provincial
Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, PR
China
- Department of Geriatric Neurology, Shandong
Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, PR
China
- Anti-Aging Monitoring Laboratory, Shandong
Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, PR
China
| | - Xuyan Mao
- Bio-nano & Medical Engineering Institute,
Jining Medical University, Jining, PR China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Cell and Neurobiology, School of
Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, PR
China
| | - Peng Sun
- Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong Academy
of Medical Sciences, Jinan, PR China
| | - Haiyang Wang
- Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong Academy
of Medical Sciences, Jinan, PR China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, Shandong Provincial
Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, PR
China
- Department of Geriatric Neurology, Shandong
Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, PR
China
- Anti-Aging Monitoring Laboratory, Shandong
Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, PR
China
| | - Yingjuan Ma
- Department of Geriatrics, Shandong Provincial
Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, PR
China
- Department of Geriatric Neurology, Shandong
Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, PR
China
- Anti-Aging Monitoring Laboratory, Shandong
Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, PR
China
| | - Song Xu
- Department of Geriatrics, Shandong Provincial
Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, PR
China
- Department of Geriatric Neurology, Shandong
Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, PR
China
- Anti-Aging Monitoring Laboratory, Shandong
Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, PR
China
| | - Renjun Lv
- Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong First
Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan,
PR China
| | - Xueping Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, Shandong Provincial
Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, PR
China
- Department of Geriatric Neurology, Shandong
Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, PR
China
- Anti-Aging Monitoring Laboratory, Shandong
Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, PR
China
- Department of Anti-Aging, Shandong Provincial
Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, PR
China
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19
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Xiao X, Wang F, Zhou J, Luo J, Li J, Yi X. Oral delivery of coix seed oil in o/w microemulsion: Preparation, characterization, and in vitro and in vivo evaluation. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2019.101325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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20
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Saxena P, Sharma PK, Purohit P. A journey of celecoxib from pain to cancer. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2019; 147:106379. [PMID: 31726219 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2019.106379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The most enthralling and versatile class of drugs called the Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAIDs) showed its therapeutic utility in inflammation, beginning from the era of classic drug 'Aspirin'. NSAIDs and their well-established action based on inhibiting the COX-1 and COX-2 enzyme leads to blockage of prostaglandin pathway. They further categorized into first generation (non-selective inhibitor) and second generation (selective COX-2 inhibitors). Selective COX-2 inhibitors has advantage over non-selective in terms of their improved safety profile of gastro-intestinal tract. Rejuvenating and recent avenues for COXIBS (selective COX-2 inhibitors) explains its integrated role in identification of biochemical pain signaling as well as its pivotal key role in cancer chemotherapy. A key role player in this class is the Celecoxib (only FDA approved COXIB) a member of Biopharmaceutical classification system (BCS) II. Low solubility and bioavailability issues related with celecoxib lead to the development and advancement in the discovery and research of some possible formulation administered either orally, topically or via transdermal route. This review article intent to draw the bead on Celecoxib and it clearly explain extensive knowledge of its disposition profile, its dynamic role in cancer at cellular level and cardiovascular risk assessment. Some of the possible formulations approaches with celecoxib and its improvement aspects are also briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratiksha Saxena
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, Gautam Budh Nagar, Uttar Pradesh 201310, India.
| | - Pramod K Sharma
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, Gautam Budh Nagar, Uttar Pradesh 201310, India
| | - Priyank Purohit
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, Gautam Budh Nagar, Uttar Pradesh 201310, India
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21
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Rashid M, Malik MY, Singh SK, Chaturvedi S, Gayen JR, Wahajuddin M. Bioavailability Enhancement of Poorly Soluble Drugs: The Holy Grail in Pharma Industry. Curr Pharm Des 2019; 25:987-1020. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190130110653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background:
Bioavailability, one of the prime pharmacokinetic properties of a drug, is defined as the
fraction of an administered dose of unchanged drug that reaches the systemic circulation and is used to describe
the systemic availability of a drug. Bioavailability assessment is imperative in order to demonstrate whether the
drug attains the desirable systemic exposure for effective therapy. In recent years, bioavailability has become
the subject of importance in drug discovery and development studies.
Methods:
A systematic literature review in the field of bioavailability and the approaches towards its enhancement
have been comprehensively done, purely focusing upon recent papers. The data mining was performed
using databases like PubMed, Science Direct and general Google searches and the collected data was exhaustively
studied and summarized in a generalized manner.
Results:
The main prospect of this review was to generate a comprehensive one-stop summary of the numerous
available approaches and their pharmaceutical applications in improving the stability concerns, physicochemical
and mechanical properties of the poorly water-soluble drugs which directly or indirectly augment their bioavailability.
Conclusion:
The use of novel methods, including but not limited to, nano-based formulations, bio-enhancers,
solid dispersions, lipid-and polymer-based formulations which provide a wide range of applications not only
increases the solubility and permeability of the poorly bioavailable drugs but also improves their stability, and
targeting efficacy. Although, these methods have drastically changed the pharmaceutical industry demand for the
newer potential methods with better outcomes in the field of pharmaceutical science to formulate various dosage
forms with adequate systemic availability and improved patient compliance, further research is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamunur Rashid
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-CDRI, Lucknow, India
| | - Mohd Yaseen Malik
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-CDRI, Lucknow, India
| | - Sandeep K. Singh
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-CDRI, Lucknow, India
| | - Swati Chaturvedi
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-CDRI, Lucknow, India
| | - Jiaur R Gayen
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-CDRI, Lucknow, India
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22
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Biomedical applications of microemulsion through dermal and transdermal route. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 108:1477-1494. [PMID: 30372850 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Microemulsions are thermodynamically stable, transparent, colloidal drug carrier system extensively used by the scientists for effective drug delivery across the skin. It is a spontaneous isotropic mixture of lipophilic and hydrophilic substances stabilized by suitable surfactant and co-surfactant. The easy fabrication, long-term stability, enhanced solubilization, biocompatibility, skin-friendly appearance and affinity for both the hydrophilic and lipophilic drug substances make it superior for skin drug delivery over the other carrier systems. The topical administration of most of the active compounds is impaired by limited skin permeability due to the presence of skin barriers. In this sequence, the microemulsion represents a cost-effective and convenient drug carrier system which successfully delivers the drug to and across the skin. In the present review work, we compiled various attempts made in last 20 years, utilizing the microemulsion for dermal and transdermal delivery of various drugs. The review emphasizes the potency of microemulsion for topical and transdermal drug delivery and its effect on drug permeability.
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23
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Kapeltsova OA, Dolynna OV, Shkolina NV, Marchuk OV. Efficiency of the combination of physical therapy modalities with topical nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for treatment of pain in rheumatology. PAIN MEDICINE 2018. [DOI: 10.31636/pmjua.v3i1.87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Pain is the most common syndrome in rheumatology. NSAIDs are often used in its treatment. But they have limitations associated with side effects. An advantage of topical drugs and physical factors (electrophoresis, phonophoresis) combination is the use of low doses of the drug and a decrease in time, to achieve a therapeutic effect, reduce the risk of adverse reactions, increase the concentration of the drug in the inflammation focus, prolonged action (creating a drug depot in tissues). Ketoprofen gel (“Artrocol gel”) is one of the representatives of this pharmacological group. Physicochemical properties help ketoprofen to penetrate easily through the skin and create a therapeutic concentration in the underlying tissues.
Objective.
To assess the effectiveness of ketoprofen gel (“Arthrocol gel”) electrophonophoresis in the treatment of pain in rheumatological patients.
Materials and methods.
The study was carried out on the basis of Physiotherapy Department of Vinnytsia Regional Clinical Hospital named after M. I. Pirogov. All patients treated according to the unified clinical protocols were divided into experimental group (EG) and control group (CG). Patients of EG (98 persons) underwent electrophonophoresis with ketoprofen gel once a day for a week. In CG (43 persons) ketoprofen gel was used without electrophonophoresis. The intensity of the pain syndrome is monitored using a visual analog scale (VAS) of Huskisson at rest and during movement. A week later, the patient and the doctor evaluated satisfaction with the results of treatment on the scale: not effective, insufficient, satisfactory, good, excellent.
Results.
There was a persistent decrease in the intensity of pain syndrome in patients of both groups. The VAS scores were lower in the EG starting from the 3rd day of treatment. The intensity of the acute pain syndrome after 1-week treatment at rest (t = 4.71, p < 0.001) and during the movement (t = 3.84, p < 0.001) more decrease in EG. Satisfaction with the results of treatment was higher in EG.
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Wang F, Chen J, Dai W, He Z, Zhai D, Chen W. Pharmacokinetic studies and anticancer activity of curcumin-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers. ACTA PHARMACEUTICA 2017; 67:357-371. [PMID: 28858837 DOI: 10.1515/acph-2017-0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In order to investigate the potential of nanostructured lipid carriers for efficient and targeted delivery of curcumin, the pharmacokinetic parameters of curcumin-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (Cur-NLC) were evaluated in rats after a single intraperitoneal dose of Cur-NLC. In addition, the anticancer activity of Cur-NLC against human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells was verified by a cellular uptake study, and a cytotoxicity and apoptosis assay. Bioavailability of Cur-NLC was better than that of native curcumin (p > 0.01), as seen from the area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC), maximum plasma concentration (Cmax), mean residence time (MRT) and total plasma clearance (CLz/F). Cur-NLC has a more obvious lung-targeting property in comparison with native curcumin. Cur-NLC showed higher anticancer activity in vitro against A549 cells than native curcumin (IC50 value of 5.66 vs. 9.81 mg L-1, respectively). Meanwhile, Cur-NLC treated A549 cells showed a higher apoptosis rate compared to that of native curcumin. These results indicate that NLC is a promising system for the delivery of curcumin in the treatment of lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengling Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second People’s Hospital of Hefei , Hefei 230011 , Anhui, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Pharmacokinetics , Anhui University of Chinese Medicine , Hefei 230012 , Anhui, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jin Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second People’s Hospital of Hefei , Hefei 230011 , Anhui, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenting Dai
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second People’s Hospital of Hefei , Hefei 230011 , Anhui, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhengmin He
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second People’s Hospital of Hefei , Hefei 230011 , Anhui, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dandan Zhai
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second People’s Hospital of Hefei , Hefei 230011 , Anhui, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weidong Chen
- Institute of Pharmacokinetics , Anhui University of Chinese Medicine , Hefei 230012 , Anhui, People’s Republic of China
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