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Holm R, Kuentz M, Ilie-Spiridon AR, Griffin BT. Lipid based formulations as supersaturating oral delivery systems: From current to future industrial applications. Eur J Pharm Sci 2023; 189:106556. [PMID: 37543063 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2023.106556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
Lipid-based formulations, in particular supersaturated lipid-based formulations, are important delivery approaches when formulating challenging compounds, as especially low water-soluble compounds profit from delivery in a pre-dissolved state. In this article, the classification of lipid-based formulation is described, followed by a detailed discussion of different supersaturated lipid-based formulations and the recent advances reported in the literature. The supersaturated lipid-based formulations discussed include both the in situ forming supersaturated systems as well as the thermally induced supersaturated lipid-based formulations. The in situ forming drug supersaturation by lipid-based formulations has been widely employed and numerous clinically available products are on the market. There are some scientific gaps in the field, but in general there is a good understanding of the mechanisms driving the success of these systems. For thermally induced supersaturation, the technology is not yet fully understood and developed, hence more research is required in this field to explore the formulations beyond preclinical studies and initial clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- René Holm
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark.
| | - Martin Kuentz
- University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Hofackerstr. 30, CH-4132 Muttenz, Switzerland
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2
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Stegemann S, Moreton C, Svanbäck S, Box K, Motte G, Paudel A. Trends in oral small-molecule drug discovery and product development based on product launches before and after the Rule of Five. Drug Discov Today 2023; 28:103344. [PMID: 36442594 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2022.103344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In 1997, the 'Rule of Five' (Ro5) suggested physicochemical limitations for orally administered drugs, based on the analysis of chemical libraries from the early 1990s. In this review, we report on the trends in oral drug product development by analyzing products launched between 1994 and 1997 and between 2013 and 2019. Our analysis confirmed that most new oral drugs are within the Ro5 descriptors; however, the number of new drug products of drugs with molecular weight (MW) and calculated partition coefficient (clogP) beyond the Ro5 has slightly increased. Analysis revealed that there is no single scientific or technological reason for this trend, but that it likely results from incremental advances are being made in molecular biology, target diversity, drug design, medicinal chemistry, predictive modeling, drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics, and drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Stegemann
- Institute for Process and Particle Engineering, Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse 13, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | | | - Sami Svanbäck
- The Solubility Company Ltd, Viikinkaari 4, 00790 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Karl Box
- Pion Inc. (UK) Ltd, Forest Row, UK
| | - Geneviève Motte
- JEN Pharma Consulting, 182 Rue Henri Latour, 1450 Chastre, Belgium
| | - Amrit Paudel
- Institute for Process and Particle Engineering, Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse 13, 8010 Graz, Austria; Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH, Inffeldgasse 13, 8010 Graz, Austria
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3
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Agarwal P, Huckle J, Newman J, Reid DL. Trends in small molecule drug properties: A developability molecule assessment perspective. Drug Discov Today 2022; 27:103366. [PMID: 36122862 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2022.103366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Developability molecule assessment is a key interfacial capability across the biopharmaceutical industry, screening and staging molecules discovered by medicinal chemists for successful chemistry manufacturing controls (CMC) development and launch. The breadth of responsibility and expertise such teams possess puts them in a unique position to understand the impact of the physicochemical properties of a drug during its initial discovery and subsequent development. However, most of the publications describing trends in physicochemical properties are written from a medicinal chemistry perspective with the aim to identify molecules with better ADMET profiles that are either lead-like or drug-like, failing to describe the impact these properties have on CMC development. To systematically uncover knowledge obtained from recent trends in physicochemical properties and the corresponding impact on CMC development, a comprehensive analysis was conducted on molecules in the drug repurposing hub dataset. The only physicochemical property that seems to have been preserved in FDA-approved oral molecules over the decades (1900-2020) is a constant H-bond donor count, highlighting the importance this property has on cell permeability and lattice energy. Pharmaceutical attrition analysis suggests that partition-distribution coefficient, H-bond acceptors, polar surface area and the fraction of sp3 carbons are properties that are associated with compound attrition. Looking at pharmaceutical attrition asynchronously with the temporal analysis of FDA-approved oral molecules highlights the opposing trends, risks and diminishing effects some of these physiochemical properties (cLogP, cLogD and Fsp3) have on describing compound attrition during the past decade. Trellising the dataset by target class suggests that certain formulation and drug delivery strategies can be anticipated or put into place based on target class of a molecule. For example, molecules binding to nuclear hormone receptors are amenable to lipid-based drug delivery systems with proven commercial success. Although the poor solubility of kinase inhibitors is a combination of hydrophobicity (due to aromaticity) required to bind to its target and high lattice energy (melting point), they are a challenging target class to formulate. The influence of drug targets on physicochemical properties and the temporal nature of these properties is highlighted when comparing molecules in the drug repurposing dataset to those developed at Amgen. An improved understanding of the impact of molecular properties on performance attributes can accelerate decisions and facilitate risk assessments during candidate selection and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Agarwal
- Drug Product Technologies, Process Development, Amgen, One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320, USA.
| | - James Huckle
- Drug Product Technologies, Process Development, Amgen, One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320, USA
| | - Jake Newman
- Drug Product Technologies, Process Development, Amgen, One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320, USA
| | - Darren L Reid
- Drug Product Technologies, Process Development, Amgen, 360 Binney St, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
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4
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Abuhassan Q, Khadra I, Pyper K, Augustijns P, Brouwers J, Halbert GW. Structured solubility behaviour in bioequivalent fasted simulated intestinal fluids. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2022; 176:108-121. [PMID: 35605926 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2022.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Drug solubility in intestinal fluid is a key parameter controlling absorption after the administration of a solid oral dosage form. To measure solubility in vitro simulated intestinal fluids have been developed, but there are multiple recipes and the optimum is unknown. This situation creates difficulties during drug discovery and development research. A recent study characterised sampled fasted intestinal fluids using a multidimensional approach to derive nine bioequivalent fasted intestinal media that covered over 90% of the compositional variability. These media have been applied in this study to examine the equilibrium solubility of twenty one exemplar drugs (naproxen, indomethacin, phenytoin, zafirlukast, piroxicam, ibuprofen, mefenamic acid, furosemide, aprepitant, carvedilol, tadalafil, dipyridamole, posaconazole, atazanavir, fenofibrate, felodipine, griseofulvin, probucol, paracetamol, acyclovir and carbamazepine) to determine if consistent solubility behaviour was present. The bioequivalent media provide in the majority of cases structured solubility behaviour that is consistent with physicochemical properties and previous solubility studies. For the acidic drugs (pKa < 6.3) solubility is controlled by media pH, the profile is identical and consistent and the lowest and highest pH media identify the lowest and highest solubility in over 70% of cases. For weakly acidic (pKa > 8), basic and neutral drugs solubility is controlled by a combination of media pH and total amphiphile concentration (TAC), a consistent solubility behaviour is evident but with variation related to individual drug interactions within the media. The lowest and highest pH x TAC media identify the lowest and highest solubility in over 78% of cases. A subset of the latter category consisting of neutral and drugs non-ionised in the media pH range have been identified with a very narrow solubility range, indicating that the impact of the simulated intestinal media on their solubility is minimal. Two drugs probucol and atazanavir exhibit unusual behaviour. The study indicates that the use of two appropriate bioequivalent fasted intestinal media from the nine will identify in vitro the maximum and minimum solubility boundaries for drugs and due to the media derivation this is probably applicable in vivo. These media could be applied during discovery and development activities to provide a solubility range, which would assist placement of the drug within the BCS/DCS and rationalise drug and formulation decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qamar Abuhassan
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G4 0RE, United Kingdom
| | - Ibrahim Khadra
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G4 0RE, United Kingdom
| | - Kate Pyper
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Strathclyde, Livingstone Tower, 26 Richmond Street, Glasgow, G1 1XH, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick Augustijns
- Drug Delivery and Disposition, KU Leuven, ON2, Herestraat 49 box 921, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Joachim Brouwers
- Drug Delivery and Disposition, KU Leuven, ON2, Herestraat 49 box 921, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Gavin W Halbert
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G4 0RE, United Kingdom.
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5
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Long-Term Stability Prediction for Developability Assessment of Biopharmaceutics Using Advanced Kinetic Modeling. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14020375. [PMID: 35214107 PMCID: PMC8880208 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14020375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
A crucial aspect of pharmaceutical development is the demonstration of long-term stability of the drug product. Biopharmaceuticals, such as proteins or peptides in liquid formulation, are typically administered via parental routes and should be stable over the shelf life, which generally includes a storing period (e.g., two years at 5 °C) and optionally an in-use period (e.g., 28 days at 30 °C). Herein, we present a case study where chemical degradation of SAR441255, a therapeutic peptide, in different formulations in combination with primary packaging materials was analyzed under accelerated conditions to derive long-term stability predictions for the recommended storing conditions (two years at 5 °C plus 28 days at 30 °C) using advanced kinetic modeling. These predictions served as a crucial decision parameter for the entry into clinical development. Comparison with analytical data measured under long-term conditions during the subsequent development phase demonstrated a high prediction accuracy. These predictions provided stability insights within weeks that would otherwise take years using measurements under long-term stability conditions only. To our knowledge, such in silico studies on stability predictions of a therapeutic peptide using accelerated chemical degradation data and advanced kinetic modeling with comparisons to subsequently measured real-life long-term stability data have not been described in literature before.
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6
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Discovery solubility measurement and assessment of small molecules with drug development in mind. Drug Discov Today 2022; 27:1315-1325. [PMID: 35114363 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2022.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Solubility is a key physicochemical property for the success of any drug candidate. Although the methods used and their rationales for determining solubility are subject to project needs and stages along the drug discovery-drug development pipeline, an artificial boundary can exist at the discovery-development interface. This boundary results in less effective solubility knowledge sharing and data integration among scientists in both drug discovery and drug development. Herein, we present a refreshed perspective on solubility. Solubility experimentation is not a one-size-fits-all measurement; instead, we stress the importance of constructing a seamless solubility understanding of a molecule as it progresses from a new chemical entity into a drug product.
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7
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Revisiting Flubendazole Through Nanocrystal Technology: Statistical Design, Characterization and Its Potential Inhibitory Effect on Xenografted Lung Tumor Progression in Mice. J CLUST SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10876-022-02220-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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8
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Propylene Glycol Caprylate-Based Nanoemulsion Formulation of Plumbagin: Development and Characterization of Anticancer Activity. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:3549061. [PMID: 35047632 PMCID: PMC8763502 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3549061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Plumbagin, a bioactive naphthoquinone, has demonstrated potent antitumor potential. However, plumbagin is a sparingly water-soluble compound; therefore, clinical translation requires and will be facilitated by the development of a new pharmaceutical formulation. We have generated an oil-in-water nanoemulsion formulation of plumbagin using a low-energy spontaneous emulsification process with propylene glycol caprylate (Capryol 90) as an oil phase and Labrasol/Kolliphor RH40 as surfactant and cosurfactant excipients. Formulation studies using Capryol 90/Labrasol/Kolliphor RH40 components, based on pseudoternary diagram and analysis of particle size distribution and polydispersity determined by dynamic light scattering (DLS), identified an optimized composition of excipients for nanoparticle formulation. The nanoemulsion loaded with plumbagin as an active pharmaceutical ingredient had an average hydrodynamic diameter of 30.9 nm with narrow polydispersity. The nanoemulsion exhibited long-term stability, as well as good retention of particle size in simulated physiological environments. Furthermore, plumbagin-loaded nanoemulsion showed an augmented cytotoxicity against prostate cancer cells PTEN-P2 in comparison to free drug. In conclusion, we generated a formulation of plumbagin with high loading drug capacity, robust stability, and scalable production. Novel Capryol 90-based nanoemulsion formulation of plumbagin demonstrated antiproliferative activity against prostate cancer cells, warranting thus further pharmaceutical development.
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Biophysical Evaluation and In Vitro Controlled Release of Two Isomeric Adamantane Phenylalkylamines with Antiproliferative/Anticancer and Analgesic Activity. Molecules 2021; 27:molecules27010007. [PMID: 35011245 PMCID: PMC8746252 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The aqueous dissolution profile of the isomeric synthetic adamantane phenylalkylamine hydrochlorides I and II was probed. These adducts have shown significant antiproliferative/anticancer activity associated with an analgesic profile against neuropathic pain. They are both devoid of toxic effects and show appreciable enzymatic human plasma stability. The structures of these two compounds have been elucidated using 2D NMR experiments, which were used to study their predominant conformations. Compound II’s scaffold appeared more flexible, as shown by the NOE spatial interactions between the alkyl bridge chain, the aromatic rings, and the adamantane nucleus. Conversely, compound I appeared very rigid, as it did not share significant NOEs between the aforementioned structural segments. MD simulations confirmed the NOE results. The aqueous dissolution profile of both molecules fits well with their minimum energy conformers’ features, which stem from the NOE data; this was nicely demonstrated, especially in the case of compound II.
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10
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Anane-Adjei AB, Jacobs E, Nash SC, Askin S, Soundararajan R, Kyobula M, Booth J, Campbell A. Amorphous Solid Dispersions: Utilization and Challenges in Preclinical Drug Development within AstraZeneca. Int J Pharm 2021; 614:121387. [PMID: 34933082 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.121387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The poor aqueous solubility of many active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) dominates much of the early drug development portfolio and poses a major challenge in pharmaceutical development. Polymer-based amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) are becoming increasingly common and offer a promising formulation strategy to tackle the solubility and oral absorption issues of these APIs. This review discusses the design, manufacture, and utilisation of ASD formulations in preclinical drug development, with a key focus on the pre-formulation assessments and workflows employed at AstraZeneca.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akosua B Anane-Adjei
- Advanced Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D AstraZeneca, Granta Park, Cambridge, CB21 6GH, UK
| | - Esther Jacobs
- Advanced Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D AstraZeneca, Granta Park, Cambridge, CB21 6GH, UK
| | - Samuel C Nash
- Advanced Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D AstraZeneca, Granta Park, Cambridge, CB21 6GH, UK
| | - Sean Askin
- Advanced Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D AstraZeneca, Granta Park, Cambridge, CB21 6GH, UK
| | - Ramesh Soundararajan
- Advanced Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D AstraZeneca, Granta Park, Cambridge, CB21 6GH, UK
| | - Mary Kyobula
- Advanced Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D AstraZeneca, Granta Park, Cambridge, CB21 6GH, UK
| | - Jonathan Booth
- Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, AstraZeneca, Charter Way, Macclesfield, SK10 2NA, UK
| | - Andrew Campbell
- Advanced Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D AstraZeneca, Granta Park, Cambridge, CB21 6GH, UK.
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Zhang YY, Yao YD, Luo JF, Liu ZQ, Huang YM, Wu FC, Sun QH, Liu JX, Zhou H. Microsomal prostaglandin E 2 synthase-1 and its inhibitors: Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic significance. Pharmacol Res 2021; 175:105977. [PMID: 34798265 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is closely linked to the abnormal phospholipid metabolism chain of cyclooxygenase-2/microsomal prostaglandin E2 synthase-1/prostaglandin E2 (COX-2/mPGES-1/PGE2). In clinical practice, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) as upstream COX-2 enzyme activity inhibitors are widely used to block COX-2 cascade to relieve inflammatory response. However, NSAIDs could also cause cardiovascular and gastrointestinal side effects due to its inhibition on other prostaglandins generation. To avoid this, targeting downstream mPGES-1 instead of upstream COX is preferable to selectively block overexpressed PGE2 in inflammatory diseases. Some mPGES-1 inhibitor candidates including synthetic compounds, natural products and existing anti-inflammatory drugs have been proved to be effective in in vitro experiments. After 20 years of in-depth research on mPGES-1 and its inhibitors, ISC 27864 have completed phase II clinical trial. In this review, we intend to summarize mPGES-1 inhibitors focused on their inhibitory specificity with perspectives for future drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Yu Zhang
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao, PR China; Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao, PR China
| | - Yun-Da Yao
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao, PR China; Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao, PR China
| | - Jin-Fang Luo
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Huaxi District, Guiyang City, Guizhou Province 550025, PR China
| | - Zhong-Qiu Liu
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province 510006, PR China
| | - Yu-Ming Huang
- Hunan Zhengqing Pharmaceutical Company Group Ltd, Huaihua City, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Fei-Chi Wu
- Hunan Zhengqing Pharmaceutical Company Group Ltd, Huaihua City, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Qin-Hua Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua City, Hunan Province 418000, PR China.
| | - Jian-Xin Liu
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province 310053, PR China.
| | - Hua Zhou
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao, PR China; Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao, PR China; Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province 510006, PR China; Zhuhai Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhuhai City, Guangdong Province 519000, PR China.
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Kourbeli V, Chontzopoulou E, Moschovou K, Pavlos D, Mavromoustakos T, Papanastasiou IP. An Overview on Target-Based Drug Design against Kinetoplastid Protozoan Infections: Human African Trypanosomiasis, Chagas Disease and Leishmaniases. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26154629. [PMID: 34361781 PMCID: PMC8348971 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26154629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The protozoan diseases Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT), Chagas disease (CD), and leishmaniases span worldwide and therefore their impact is a universal concern. The present regimen against kinetoplastid protozoan infections is poor and insufficient. Target-based design expands the horizon of drug design and development and offers novel chemical entities and potential drug candidates to the therapeutic arsenal against the aforementioned neglected diseases. In this review, we report the most promising targets of the main kinetoplastid parasites, as well as their corresponding inhibitors. This overview is part of the Special Issue, entitled "Advances of Medicinal Chemistry against Kinetoplastid Protozoa (Trypanosoma brucei, Trypanosoma cruzi and Leishmania spp.) Infections: Drug Design, Synthesis and Pharmacology".
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Affiliation(s)
- Violeta Kourbeli
- Department of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupoli-Zografou, 157 84 Athens, Greece;
| | - Eleni Chontzopoulou
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupoli-Zografou, 157 71 Athens, Greece; (E.C.); (K.M.); (D.P.); (T.M.)
| | - Kalliopi Moschovou
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupoli-Zografou, 157 71 Athens, Greece; (E.C.); (K.M.); (D.P.); (T.M.)
| | - Dimitrios Pavlos
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupoli-Zografou, 157 71 Athens, Greece; (E.C.); (K.M.); (D.P.); (T.M.)
| | - Thomas Mavromoustakos
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupoli-Zografou, 157 71 Athens, Greece; (E.C.); (K.M.); (D.P.); (T.M.)
| | - Ioannis P. Papanastasiou
- Department of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupoli-Zografou, 157 84 Athens, Greece;
- Correspondence:
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13
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Mosquera-Giraldo LI, Donoso M, Stefanski K, Foster K, Gesenberg C, Abraham P, Ren Y, Rose A, Freeden C, Ranasinghe A. Solvent-Casted Films to Assist Polymer Selection for Amorphous Solid Dispersions During Preclinical Studies: In-vitro and In-vivo Exploration. Pharm Res 2021; 38:901-914. [PMID: 33880721 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-021-03040-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The use of two solvent-casted film methods to select optimal polymer compositions for amorphous solid dispersions prepared to support preclinical pharmacokinetic and toxicology studies is described. METHODS Evaporation of solvent from cover slips by using nitrogen flow, and solvent removal from vials by using rotary evaporation were employed. The films prepared on cover slips were evaluated under the microscope to determine crystallinity. The methods were validated by scaling up corresponding SDDs, evaluating SDD's dissolution, and comparing those results to the dissolution of drug-polymer films. Subsequently, SDD suspensions were prepared and dosed orally to rats to determine pharmacokinetic parameters. This was done by using three compounds from our pipeline and evaluating multiple polymers. RESULTS The dissolution of generated films showed good agreement with the dissolution of spray dried dispersions when the films were fully amorphous (Compound A and B). In contrast, there was disagreement between film and SDD dissolution when the films had crystallized (Compound C). The in vivo exposure results indicated that the polymer choice based on the film screening methods would have been accurate for drug-polymer films that were amorphous (Compound A and B). Two additional case studies (Compound D and E) are presented, showing good agreement between in vivo and in vitro results. CONCLUSION This study established the ability of two film casting screening methods to predict the in vitro and in vivo performance of corresponding SDDs, provided that the films are fully amorphous.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura I Mosquera-Giraldo
- Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Bristol Myers Squibb, Route 206 and Province Line Road, Princeton, NJ, 08540, USA.
| | - Maria Donoso
- Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Bristol Myers Squibb, Route 206 and Province Line Road, Princeton, NJ, 08540, USA
| | - Kevin Stefanski
- Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Bristol Myers Squibb, Route 206 and Province Line Road, Princeton, NJ, 08540, USA
| | - Kimberly Foster
- Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Bristol Myers Squibb, Route 206 and Province Line Road, Princeton, NJ, 08540, USA
| | - Christoph Gesenberg
- Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Bristol Myers Squibb, Route 206 and Province Line Road, Princeton, NJ, 08540, USA
| | - Pamela Abraham
- Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Bristol Myers Squibb, Route 206 and Province Line Road, Princeton, NJ, 08540, USA
| | - Ying Ren
- Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Bristol Myers Squibb, Route 206 and Province Line Road, Princeton, NJ, 08540, USA
| | - Anne Rose
- Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Bristol Myers Squibb, Route 206 and Province Line Road, Princeton, NJ, 08540, USA
| | - Chris Freeden
- Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Bristol Myers Squibb, Route 206 and Province Line Road, Princeton, NJ, 08540, USA
| | - Asoka Ranasinghe
- Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Bristol Myers Squibb, Route 206 and Province Line Road, Princeton, NJ, 08540, USA
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Van Bocxlaer K, Croft SL. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis - challenges and opportunities. RSC Med Chem 2021; 12:472-482. [PMID: 34041488 PMCID: PMC8128043 DOI: 10.1039/d0md00343c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmacological efficacy is obtained when adequate concentrations of a potent drug reach the target site. In cutaneous leishmaniasis, a heterogeneous disease characterised by a variety of skin manifestations from simple nodules, skin discoloration, plaques to extensive disseminated forms, the parasites are found in the dermal layers of the skin. Treatment thus involves the release of the active compound from the formulation (administered either topically or systemically), it's permeation into the skin, accumulation by the local macrophages and further transport into the phagolysosome of the macrophage. The pharmacodynamic activity of a drug against the parasite is relatively straight forward to evaluate both in vivo and in vitro. The pharmacokinetic processes taking place inside the skin are more complex to elucidate due to the multi-lamellar structure of the skin, heterogeneous distribution of drugs within the tissue, the difficulty of accessing the site of infection complicating sampling and the lack of surrogate markers reflecting the activity of a drug in the skin. This review will discuss the difficulties encountered when investigating drug distribution, PK PD relationships and efficacy in the skin with a focus on cutaneous leishmaniasis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrien Van Bocxlaer
- Department of Biology, York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York York YO10 5DD UK +44 (0) 19 0432 8855
| | - Simon L Croft
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine London WC1E 7HT UK
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15
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Martinez MN, Mochel JP, Pade D. Considerations in the extrapolation of drug toxicity between humans and dogs. CURRENT OPINION IN TOXICOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cotox.2020.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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16
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Buskes MJ, Blanco MJ. Impact of Cross-Coupling Reactions in Drug Discovery and Development. Molecules 2020; 25:E3493. [PMID: 32751973 PMCID: PMC7436090 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25153493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cross-coupling reactions have played a critical role enabling the rapid expansion of structure-activity relationships (SAR) during the drug discovery phase to identify a clinical candidate and facilitate subsequent drug development processes. The reliability and flexibility of this methodology have attracted great interest in the pharmaceutical industry, becoming one of the most used approaches from Lead Generation to Lead Optimization. In this mini-review, we present an overview of cross-coupling reaction applications to medicinal chemistry efforts, in particular the Suzuki-Miyaura and Buchwald-Hartwig cross-coupling reactions as a remarkable resource for the generation of carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom bonds. To further appreciate the impact of this methodology, the authors discuss some recent examples of clinical candidates that utilize key cross-coupling reactions in their large-scale synthetic process. Looking into future opportunities, the authors highlight the versatility of the cross-coupling reactions towards new chemical modalities like DNA-encoded libraries (DELs), new generation of peptides and cyclopeptides, allosteric modulators, and proteolysis targeting chimera (PROTAC) approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria-Jesus Blanco
- Medicinal Chemistry. Sage Therapeutics, Inc. 215 First Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA;
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17
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Timpe C, Stegemann S, Barrett A, Mujumdar S. Challenges and opportunities to include patient-centric product design in industrial medicines development to improve therapeutic goals. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2020; 86:2020-2027. [PMID: 32441052 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.14388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In the past, drug developers in industry chose approaches mainly focusing on the drug product's efficacy, safety and quality according to the level required by regulatory expectations stipulated in guidelines, pharmacopoeia and other regulatory provisions. By putting more focus on the patient perspective, regulatory authorities are currently raising their requirements regarding successful product submissions. The increasing involvement of patients in the product development process (e.g. conduction of human factor use tests, integration of feedback from patient and patient advisory groups into clinical programmes) requires adaptations to the existing and established industrial drug development processes without compromising fast patient access to innovative therapies. This review provides an expert opinion on the emerging challenges and opportunities to implement a patient-centric approach into new drug development programmes. The aim is to better understand the challenge of finding the right balance between bringing innovative drugs fast to the patients and to develop these in parallel in a patient-centric product form as well as why this is an opportunity and how stakeholder parties (e.g. patients, clinicians, pharmacists, caregivers, regulators) can provide support to achieve desired outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sven Stegemann
- TU Graz, Institute for Process and Particle Engineering, Graz, Austria
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18
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Ilie AR, Griffin BT, Kolakovic R, Vertzoni M, Kuentz M, Holm R. Supersaturated lipid-based drug delivery systems – exploring impact of lipid composition type and drug properties on supersaturability and physical stability. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2020; 46:356-364. [DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2020.1721526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra-Roxana Ilie
- Drug Product Development, Janssen Research and Development, Johnson & Johnson, Beerse, Belgium
- School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Ruzica Kolakovic
- Drug Product Development, Janssen Research and Development, Johnson & Johnson, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Maria Vertzoni
- Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Zografou, Greece
| | - Martin Kuentz
- University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, Institute of Pharma Technology, Muttenz, Switzerland
| | - René Holm
- Drug Product Development, Janssen Research and Development, Johnson & Johnson, Beerse, Belgium
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark
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19
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Yang W, Gadgil P, Krishnamurthy VR, Landis M, Mallick P, Patel D, Patel PJ, Reid DL, Sanchez-Felix M. The Evolving Druggability and Developability Space: Chemically Modified New Modalities and Emerging Small Molecules. AAPS JOURNAL 2020; 22:21. [DOI: 10.1208/s12248-019-0402-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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20
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Yuan C, Zhang X, Long X, Jin J, Jin R. Effect of β-sitosterol self-microemulsion and β-sitosterol ester with linoleic acid on lipid-lowering in hyperlipidemic mice. Lipids Health Dis 2019; 18:157. [PMID: 31351498 PMCID: PMC6661088 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-019-1096-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The hypolipidemic effect of phytosterols has been wildely recognized, but its application is limited due to its insolubility in water and low solubility in oil. In this study, β-sitosterol ester with linoleic acids and β-sitosterol self-microemulsions were prepared and their hypolipidemic effects on hyperlipidemia mice were studied. Methods Firstly, the mice were randomly divided into normal group and model group,they were fed with basic diet and high-fat diet for 70 days respectively. After high-fat model mice was successfully established, the model group was further divided into eight groups: HFD (high-fat diet feeding), SELA-TSO(8 ml/kg, SELA:700 mg/kg), TSO (8 ml/kg), SSSM (8 ml/kg,SS:700 mg/kg), NLSM (8 ml/kg), SSHT-TSO (8 ml/kg, SS: 700 mg/kg) and SS-TSO (8 ml/kg, SS: 700 mg/kg) groups, and treated with β-sitosterol ester with linoleic acid, β-sitosterol self-microemulsion, commercial β-sitosterol health tablets and β-sitosterol powder for 35 days, respectively, and blank control groups were established. At the end of the treatment period, the blood lipid level, tissues, cholesterol and lipids in feces of mice in each group were investigated. Statistical and analytical data with SPSS 17.0 Software,statistical significance was set at p* < 0.05 and p** < 0.01 levels . Results The order of lowering blood lipid effect is listed as: SSSM> SELA-TSO > SSHT-TSO > SS-TSO, which shows that β-sitosterolself-microemulsion have the highest treatment effect among the experimental groups. Conclusions In this study, a new formulation of β-sitosterol was developed, and its hypolipidemic effect was investigated. The results showed that β-sitosterol self-microemulsion has a good blood lipid lowering effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanxun Yuan
- Hefei University of Technology (South Campus), No. 198 Tunxi Road, Baohe District, Hefei City, Anhui Province, China
| | - Xueru Zhang
- Hefei University of Technology (South Campus), No. 198 Tunxi Road, Baohe District, Hefei City, Anhui Province, China
| | - Xue Long
- Hefei University of Technology (South Campus), No. 198 Tunxi Road, Baohe District, Hefei City, Anhui Province, China
| | - Jing Jin
- Hefei University of Technology (South Campus), No. 198 Tunxi Road, Baohe District, Hefei City, Anhui Province, China
| | - Risheng Jin
- Hefei University of Technology (South Campus), No. 198 Tunxi Road, Baohe District, Hefei City, Anhui Province, China.
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21
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Evers A, Pfeiffer-Marek S, Bossart M, Heubel C, Stock U, Tiwari G, Gebauer B, Elshorst B, Pfenninger A, Lukasczyk U, Hessler G, Kamm W, Wagner M. Peptide Optimization at the Drug Discovery-Development Interface: Tailoring of Physicochemical Properties Toward Specific Formulation Requirements. J Pharm Sci 2019; 108:1404-1414. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2018.11.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Mosquera-Giraldo LI, Borca CH, Parker AS, Dong Y, Edgar KJ, Beaudoin SP, Slipchenko LV, Taylor LS. Crystallization Inhibition Properties of Cellulose Esters and Ethers for a Group of Chemically Diverse Drugs: Experimental and Computational Insight. Biomacromolecules 2018; 19:4593-4606. [PMID: 30376299 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.8b01280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura I. Mosquera-Giraldo
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States
| | - Carlos H. Borca
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States
| | - Andrew S. Parker
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States
| | - Yifan Dong
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States
| | - Kevin J. Edgar
- Department of Sustainable Biomaterials, College of Natural Resources and Environment, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States
| | - Stephen P. Beaudoin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States
| | - Lyudmila V. Slipchenko
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States
| | - Lynne S. Taylor
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States
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Stegemann S. Patient centric drug product design in modern drug delivery as an opportunity to increase safety and effectiveness. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2018; 15:619-627. [DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2018.1472571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sven Stegemann
- Institute of Process and Particle Engineering, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
- Capsugel a Lonza Company, Lonza, Bornem, Belgium
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