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Chen B, Zhang F, Dhupia J, Morgenstern MP, Costello M, Boyce H, Sun WJ, Raofi S, Tian L, Xu W. A Chewing Study of Abuse-Deterrent Tablets Containing Polyethylene Oxide Using a Robotic Simulator. AAPS PharmSciTech 2023; 24:245. [PMID: 38030835 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-023-02706-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Abuse-deterrent formulations (ADFs) refer to formulation technologies aiming to deter the abuse of prescription drugs by making the dosage forms difficult to manipulate or extract the opioids. Assessments are required to evaluate the performance of the drugs through different routes including injection, ingestion, and insufflation and also when the drugs are manipulated. Chewing is the easiest and most convenient way to manipulate the drugs and deserves investigation. Chewing is one of the most complex bioprocesses, where the ingested materials are subject to periodic tooth crushing, mixed through the tongue, and lubricated and softened by the saliva. Inter- and intra-subject variations in chewing patterns may result in different chewing performances. The purpose of this study is to use a chewing simulator to assess the deterrent properties of tablets made of polyethylene oxide (PEO). The simulator can mimic human molar grinding with variable chewing parameters including molar trajectory, chewing frequency, and saliva flow rate. To investigate the effects of these parameters, the sizes of the chewed tablet particles and the chewing force were measured to evaluate the chewing performance. Thirty-four out of forty tablets were broken into pieces. The results suggested that the simulator can chew the tablets into smaller particles and that the molar trajectory and saliva flow rate had significant effect on reducing the size of the particles by analysis of variance (ANOVA) while the effect of chewing frequency was not clear. Additionally, chewing force can work as an indicator of the chewing performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bangxiang Chen
- Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, The University of Auckland, 5 Grafton Rd, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand.
| | - Feng Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, 107 W. Dean Keeton St., Austin, Texas, 78712, USA
| | - Jaspreet Dhupia
- Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, The University of Auckland, 5 Grafton Rd, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
| | - Marco P Morgenstern
- Food Materials & Structures, Plant & Food Research Ltd, 74 Gerald Street, Lincoln, 7608, New Zealand
| | - Mark Costello
- College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, 107 W. Dean Keeton St., Austin, Texas, 78712, USA
| | - Heather Boyce
- Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, 20993, USA
| | - Wei-Jhe Sun
- Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, 20993, USA
| | - Saeid Raofi
- Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, 20993, USA
| | - Li Tian
- Office of Testing and Research, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, 20705, USA
| | - Weiliang Xu
- Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, The University of Auckland, 5 Grafton Rd, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
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Meng Z, Boyce HJ, Sun D, Kinjo M, Raofi S, Li T. Preferential Oxycodone Loss of Physically Manipulated Abuse Deterrent Oxycodone HCl Extended Release Tablets Prepared for Nasal Insufflation Studies. Pharm Res 2021; 38:1263-1278. [PMID: 34128146 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-021-03066-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A method to reproducibly mill abuse deterrent oxycodone hydrochloride (HCl) extended release (ER) tablets was developed for a nasal insufflation pharmacokinetic (PK) study. Several comminution methods were explored before determining that a conical mill resulted in controlled milling of tablets to a size range equal to or below 1000 μm. However, milling resulted in significant loss of oxycodone from abuse deterrent oxycodone HCl ER tablets compared to minimal oxycodone loss from oxycodone HCl immediate release (IR) tablets. Characterization of milled tablet powder showed that loss of oxycodone was not attributed to analytical procedures or oxycodone phase change during high intensity milling processes. The content uniformity of oxycodone in the milled tablet powder varied when ER and IR tablets were milled to a particle size distribution equal to or below 500 μm but did not vary when particles were sized above 500 µm to equal to or below 1000 μm. In addition, the initial excipient weight to drug substance weight ratio impacted the amount of oxycodone lost from the respective formulation. However, dissolution demonstrated that when oxycodone HCl ER tablets are milled, differences in excipient weight to drug substance weight ratio and particle size distribution of milled tablets did not result in significantly different release of oxycodone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengjie Meng
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, Purdue University, RHPH Building, RM 124, 575 Stadium Mall Dr, West Lafayette, Indiana, 47907, USA.,College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Heather J Boyce
- Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Building 75, RM 4692, 10903 New Hampshire Ave, Silver Spring, MD, 21231, USA.
| | - Dajun Sun
- Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Building 75, RM 4692, 10903 New Hampshire Ave, Silver Spring, MD, 21231, USA
| | - Minori Kinjo
- Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Building 75, RM 4692, 10903 New Hampshire Ave, Silver Spring, MD, 21231, USA
| | - Saeid Raofi
- Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Building 75, RM 4692, 10903 New Hampshire Ave, Silver Spring, MD, 21231, USA
| | - Tonglei Li
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, Purdue University, RHPH Building, RM 124, 575 Stadium Mall Dr, West Lafayette, Indiana, 47907, USA.
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Ong JJ, Awad A, Martorana A, Gaisford S, Stoyanov E, Basit AW, Goyanes A. 3D printed opioid medicines with alcohol-resistant and abuse-deterrent properties. Int J Pharm 2020; 579:119169. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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