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Adibi L, Yaghmaei P, Maghami P, Ebrahim-Habibi A. Phenylalanine as an effective stabilizer and aggregation inhibitor of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens alpha-amylase. AMB Express 2024; 14:69. [PMID: 38850460 PMCID: PMC11162409 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-024-01712-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Aromatic compounds are known anti-amyloid aggregates. Their effect on amorphous aggregates of proteins is, however, less studied. We chose aromatic amino acids Trp, Tyr, and Phe, as well as another known stabilizer (i.e. Arg), as potential compatible solvents to be tested on Bacillus amyloliquefaciens alpha-amylase (BAA). Among these additives, Phe was the only one to be effective on the thermal inactivation and amorphous aggregation of BAA, while preserving its intrinsic activity. A concentration of 50 mM Phe was used to test its potential in counteracting the deleterious effect of BAA amorphous aggregates in vivo. After 21 days of daily subcutaneous injections of the native enzyme to mice, amorphous aggregates of BAA, as well as aggregates produced in presence of 50 mM Phe, the tissues located at the site of injection were studied histologically. Amorphous aggregates caused an increase in macrophages and lipid droplets. Serum levels of IL6 and TNF-α were also accordingly elevated and indicative of an inflammation state. Aggregates also resulted into increased levels of glucose, triglycerides and cholesterol, as well as liver enzymes SGOT and SGPT. On the other hand, the presence of Phe prevented this exacerbated inflammatory state and the subsequent impairment of biochemical parameters. In conclusion, Phe is an interesting compound for both stabilizing proteins and counteracting the pathological effect of amorphous aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Adibi
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, North Sattaree Avenue, 1477893855, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parichehreh Yaghmaei
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, North Sattaree Avenue, 1477893855, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Parvaneh Maghami
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, North Sattaree Avenue, 1477893855, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azadeh Ebrahim-Habibi
- Biosensor Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Jalal-al-Ahmad Street, Chamran Highway, 1411713137, Tehran, Iran.
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 1411713137, Tehran, Iran.
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Sreenivasan S, Rathore AS. Taurine, a Naturally Occurring Amino Acid, as a Physical Stability Enhancer of Different Monoclonal Antibodies. AAPS J 2024; 26:25. [PMID: 38355847 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-024-00893-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Degradation of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) is a major concern as it affects efficacy, shelf-life, and safety of the product. Taurine, a naturally occurring amino acid, is investigated in this study as a potential mAb stabilizer with an extensive analytical characterization to monitor product degradation. Forced degradation of trastuzumab biosimilar (mAb1)-containing samples by thermal stress for 30 min resulted in high-molecular-weight species by more than 65% in sample without taurine compared to the sample with taurine. Samples containing mAb1 without taurine also resulted in higher Z-average diameter, altered protein structure, higher hydrophobicity, and lower melting temperature compared to samples with taurine. The stabilizing effect of taurine was retained at different mAb and taurine concentrations, time, temperatures, and buffers, and at the presence of polysorbate 80 (PS80). Even the lowest taurine concentration (10 mM) considered in this study, which is in the range of taurine levels in amino acid injections, resulted in enhanced mAb stability. Taurine-containing samples resulted in 90% less hemolysis than samples containing PS80. Additionally, mAb in the presence of taurine showed enhanced stability upon subjecting to stress with light of 365 nm wavelength, combination of light and H2O2, and combination of Fe2+ and H2O2, as samples containing mAb without taurine resulted in increased degradation products by more than 50% compared to samples with taurine upon subjecting to these stresses for 60 min. In conclusion, the presence of taurine enhanced physical stability of mAb by preventing aggregate formation, and the industry can consider it as a new mAb stabilizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shravan Sreenivasan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Anurag S Rathore
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India.
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Sharma H, Dar TA, Wijayasinghe YS, Sahoo D, Poddar NK. Nano-Osmolyte Conjugation: Tailoring the Osmolyte-Protein Interactions at the Nanoscale. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:47367-47379. [PMID: 38144115 PMCID: PMC10733987 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c07248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Osmolytes are small organic compounds accumulated at higher concentrations in the cell under various stress conditions like high temperature, high salt, high pressure, etc. Osmolytes mainly include four major classes of compounds including sugars, polyols, methylamines, and amino acids and their derivatives. In addition to their ability to maintain protein stability and folding, these osmolytes, also termed as chemical chaperones, can prevent protein misfolding and aggregation. Although being efficient protein folders and stabilizers, these osmolytes exhibit certain unavoidable limitations such as nearly molar concentrations of osmolytes being required for their effect, which is quite difficult to achieve inside a cell or in the extracellular matrix due to nonspecificity and limited permeability of the blood-brain barrier system and reduced bioavailability. These limitations can be overcome to a certain extent by using smart delivery platforms for the targeted delivery of osmolytes to the site of action. In this context, osmolyte-functionalized nanoparticles, termed nano-osmolytes, enhance the protein stabilization and chaperone efficiency of osmolytes up to 105 times in certain cases. For example, sugars, polyols, and amino acid functionalized based nano-osmolytes have shown tremendous potential in preventing protein aggregation. The enhanced potential of nano-osmolytes can be attributed to their high specificity at low concentrations, high tunability, amphiphilicity, multivalent complex formation, and efficient drug delivery system. Keeping in view the promising potential of nano-osmolytes conjugation in tailoring the osmolyte-protein interactions, as compared to their molecular forms, the present review summarizes the recent advancements of the nano-osmolytes that enhance the protein stability/folding efficiency and ability to act as artificial chaperones with increased potential to prevent protein misfolding disorders. Some of the potential nano-osmolyte aggregation inhibitors have been highlighted for large-scale screening with future applications in aggregation disorders. The synthesis of nano-osmolytes by numerous approaches and future perspectives are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemlata Sharma
- Department
of Biosciences, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur-Ajmer Express Highway, Dehmi
Kalan, Near GVK Toll Plaza, Jaipur, Rajasthan 303007, India
| | - Tanveer Ali Dar
- Department
of Clinical Biochemistry, University of
Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, Jammu and Kashmir India
| | | | - Dibakar Sahoo
- School
of Physics, Sambalpur University, Jyoti Vihar, Burla 768019, Odisha, India
| | - Nitesh Kumar Poddar
- Department
of Biosciences, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur-Ajmer Express Highway, Dehmi
Kalan, Near GVK Toll Plaza, Jaipur, Rajasthan 303007, India
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4
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Elsayed A, Jaber N, Al-Remawi M, Abu-Salah K. From cell factories to patients: Stability challenges in biopharmaceuticals manufacturing and administration with mitigation strategies. Int J Pharm 2023; 645:123360. [PMID: 37657507 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
Active ingredients of biopharmaceuticals consist of a wide array of biomolecular structures, including those of enzymes, monoclonal antibodies, nucleic acids, and recombinant proteins. Recently, these molecules have dominated the pharmaceutical industry owing to their safety and efficacy. However, their manufacturing is hindered by high cost, inadequate batch-to-batch equivalence, inherent instability, and other quality issues. This article is an up-to-date review of the challenges encountered during different stages of biopharmaceutical production and mitigation of problems arising during their development, formulation, manufacturing, and administration. It is a broad overview discussion of stability issues encountered during product life cycle i.e., upstream processing (aggregation, solubility, host cell proteins, color change), downstream bioprocessing (aggregation, fragmentation), formulation, manufacturing, and delivery to patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amani Elsayed
- College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nisrein Jaber
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Al Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman 11733, Jordan
| | - Mayyas Al-Remawi
- Faculty of Pharmacy & Medical Sciences, University of Petra, Amman 1196, Jordan.
| | - Khalid Abu-Salah
- King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Department of Nanomedicine, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Pang KT, Yang YS, Zhang W, Ho YS, Sormanni P, Michaels TCT, Walsh I, Chia S. Understanding and controlling the molecular mechanisms of protein aggregation in mAb therapeutics. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 67:108192. [PMID: 37290583 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In antibody development and manufacturing, protein aggregation is a common challenge that can lead to serious efficacy and safety issues. To mitigate this problem, it is important to investigate its molecular origins. This review discusses (1) our current molecular understanding and theoretical models of antibody aggregation, (2) how various stress conditions related to antibody upstream and downstream bioprocesses can trigger aggregation, and (3) current mitigation strategies employed towards inhibiting aggregation. We discuss the relevance of the aggregation phenomenon in the context of novel antibody modalities and highlight how in silico approaches can be exploited to mitigate it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuin Tian Pang
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore; School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technology University, Singapore
| | - Yuan Sheng Yang
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Wei Zhang
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Ying Swan Ho
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Pietro Sormanni
- Chemistry of Health, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas C T Michaels
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, ETH Zurich, Otto-Stern-Weg 3, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland; Bringing Materials to Life Initiative, ETH Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ian Walsh
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore.
| | - Sean Chia
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore.
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Shrivastava A, Mandal S, Pattanayek SK, Rathore AS. Rapid Estimation of Size-Based Heterogeneity in Monoclonal Antibodies by Machine Learning-Enhanced Dynamic Light Scattering. Anal Chem 2023; 95:8299-8309. [PMID: 37200383 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c00650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Aggregation of monoclonal antibody therapeutics is a serious concern that is believed to impact product safety and efficacy. There is a need for analytical approaches that enable rapid estimation of mAb aggregates. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) is a well-established technique for estimating the average size of protein aggregates or for evaluating sample stability. It is usually used to measure the size and size distribution over a wide range of nano- to micro-sized particles using time-dependent fluctuations in the intensity of scattered light arising from the Brownian motion of particles. In this study, we present a novel DLS-based approach that allows us to quantify the relative percentage of multimers (monomer, dimer, trimer, and tetramer) in a monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapeutic product. The proposed approach uses a machine learning (ML) algorithm and regression to model the system and predict the amount of relevant species such as monomer, dimer, trimer, and tetramer of a mAb in the size range of 10-100 nm. The proposed DLS-ML technique compares favorably to all potential alternatives with respect to the key method attributes, including per sample cost of analysis, per sample time of data acquisition along with ML-based aggregate prediction (<2 min), sample requirements (<3 μg), and user-friendliness of analysis. The proposed rapid method can serve as an orthogonal tool to size exclusion chromatography, which is the current industry workhorse for aggregate assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuj Shrivastava
- Department of Chemical Engineering, IIT Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Shyamapada Mandal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, IIT Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Sudip K Pattanayek
- Department of Chemical Engineering, IIT Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Anurag S Rathore
- Department of Chemical Engineering, IIT Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
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Mikhaylova VV, Eronina TB, Chebotareva NA, Kurganov BI. The Effect of Chemical Chaperones on Proteins with Different Aggregation Kinetics. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2023; 88:1-12. [PMID: 37068874 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297923010017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Formation and accumulation of protein aggregates adversely affect intracellular processes in living cells and are negative factors in the production and storage of protein preparations. Chemical chaperones can prevent protein aggregation, but this effect is not universal and depends on the target protein structure and kinetics of its aggregation. We studied the effect of betaine (Bet) and lysine (Lys) on thermal aggregation of muscle glycogen phosphorylase b (Phb) at 48°C (aggregation order, n = 0.5), UV-irradiated Phb (UV-Phb) at 37°C (n = 1), and apo-form of Phb (apo-Phb) at 37°C (n = 2). Using dynamic light scattering, differential scanning calorimetry, and analytical ultracentrifugation, we have shown that Bet protected Phb and apo-Phb from aggregation, but accelerated the aggregation of UV-Phb. At the same time, Lys prevented UV-Phb and apo-Phb aggregation, but increased the rate of Phb aggregation. The mechanisms of chemical chaperone action on the tertiary and quaternary structures and kinetics of thermal aggregation of the target proteins are discussed. Comparison of the effects of chemical chaperones on the proteins with different aggregation kinetics provides more complete information on the mechanism of their action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeriya V Mikhaylova
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Fundamentals of Biotechnology Federal Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119071, Russia.
| | - Tatiana B Eronina
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Fundamentals of Biotechnology Federal Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119071, Russia
| | - Natalia A Chebotareva
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Fundamentals of Biotechnology Federal Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119071, Russia
| | - Boris I Kurganov
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Fundamentals of Biotechnology Federal Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119071, Russia
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Meena P, Kishore N. Synergistic effects of osmolytes on solvent exclusion and resulting protein stabilization: Studies with sucrose, taurine and sorbitol individually and in combination. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.121175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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