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Altman LE, Hollingsworth AD, Grier DG. Anomalous tumbling of colloidal ellipsoids in Poiseuille flows. Phys Rev E 2023; 108:034609. [PMID: 37849100 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.108.034609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Shear flows cause aspherical colloidal particles to tumble so that their orientations trace out complex trajectories known as Jeffery orbits. The Jeffery orbit of a prolate ellipsoid is predicted to align the particle's principal axis preferentially in the plane transverse to the axis of shear. Holographic microscopy measurements reveal instead that colloidal ellipsoids' trajectories in Poiseuille flows strongly favor an orientation inclined by roughly π/8 relative to this plane. This anomalous observation is consistent with at least two previous reports of colloidal rods and dimers of colloidal spheres in Poiseuille flow and therefore appears to be a generic, yet unexplained feature of colloidal transport at low Reynolds numbers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E Altman
- Department of Physics and Center for Soft Matter Research, New York University, New York, New York 10003, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Andrew D Hollingsworth
- Department of Physics and Center for Soft Matter Research, New York University, New York, New York 10003, USA
| | - David G Grier
- Department of Physics and Center for Soft Matter Research, New York University, New York, New York 10003, USA
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2
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Unsteady Dynamics of Vesicles in a Confined Poiseuille Flow. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-022-2774-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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3
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Oscillatory rheotaxis of artificial swimmers in microchannels. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2952. [PMID: 35618708 PMCID: PMC9135748 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30611-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological microswimmers navigate upstream of an external flow with trajectories ranging from linear to spiralling and oscillatory. Such a rheotactic response primarily stems from the hydrodynamic interactions triggered by the complex shapes of the microswimmers, such as flagellar chirality. We show here that a self-propelling droplet exhibits oscillatory rheotaxis in a microchannel, despite its simple spherical geometry. Such behaviour has been previously unobserved in artificial swimmers. Comparing our experiments to a purely hydrodynamic theory model, we demonstrate that the oscillatory rheotaxis of the droplet is primarily governed by both the shear flow characteristics and the interaction of the finite-sized microswimmer with all four microchannel walls. The dynamics can be controlled by varying the external flow strength, even leading to the rheotactic trapping of the oscillating droplet. Our results provide a realistic understanding of the behaviour of active particles navigating in confined microflows relevant in many biotechnology applications.
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Junot G, Clément E, Auradou H, García-García R. Single-trajectory characterization of active swimmers in a flow. Phys Rev E 2021; 103:032608. [PMID: 33862792 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.103.032608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We develop a maximum likelihood method to infer relevant physical properties of elongated active particles. Using individual trajectories of advected swimmers as input, we are able to accurately determine their rotational diffusion coefficients and an effective measure of their aspect ratio, also providing reliable estimators for the uncertainties of such quantities. We validate our theoretical construction using numerically generated active trajectories upon no flow, simple shear, and Poiseuille flow, with excellent results. Being designed to rely on single-particle data, our method eases applications in experimental conditions where swimmers exhibit a strong morphological diversity. We briefly discuss some of such ongoing experimental applications, specifically, in the characterization of swimming E. coli in a flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaspard Junot
- Laboratoire PMMH-ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, Sorbonne Université and Denis Diderot, 7, quai Saint-Bernard, Paris, France
| | - Eric Clément
- Laboratoire PMMH-ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, Sorbonne Université and Denis Diderot, 7, quai Saint-Bernard, Paris, France.,Institut Universitaire de France (IUF)
| | - Harold Auradou
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, FAST, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Reinaldo García-García
- Laboratoire PMMH-ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, Sorbonne Université and Denis Diderot, 7, quai Saint-Bernard, Paris, France
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Lee M, Lohrmann C, Szuttor K, Auradou H, Holm C. The influence of motility on bacterial accumulation in a microporous channel. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:893-902. [PMID: 33241837 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm01595d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We study the transport of bacteria in a porous media modeled by a square channel containing one cylindrical obstacle via molecular dynamics simulations coupled to a lattice Boltzmann fluid. Our bacteria model is a rod-shaped rigid body which is propelled by a force-free mechanism. To account for the behavior of living bacteria, the model also incorporates a run-and-tumble process. The model bacteria are capable of hydrodynamically interacting with both of the channel walls and the obstacle. This enables the bacteria to get reoriented when experiencing a shear-flow. We demonstrate that this model is capable of reproducing the bacterial accumulation on the rear side of an obstacle, as has recently been experimentally observed by [G. L. Miño, et al., Adv. Microbiol., 2018, 8, 451] using E. coli bacteria. By systematically varying the external flow strength and the motility of the bacteria, we resolve the interplay between the local flow strength and the swimming characteristics that lead to the accumulation. Moreover, by changing the geometry of the channel, we also reveal the important role of the interactions between the bacteria and the confining walls for the accumulation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miru Lee
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany.
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Jing G, Zöttl A, Clément É, Lindner A. Chirality-induced bacterial rheotaxis in bulk shear flows. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eabb2012. [PMID: 32695880 PMCID: PMC7351478 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abb2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Interaction of swimming bacteria with flows controls their ability to explore complex environments, crucial to many societal and environmental challenges and relevant for microfluidic applications such as cell sorting. Combining experimental, numerical, and theoretical analysis, we present a comprehensive study of the transport of motile bacteria in shear flows. Experimentally, we obtain with high accuracy and, for a large range of flow rates, the spatially resolved velocity and orientation distributions. They are in excellent agreement with the simulations of a kinematic model accounting for stochastic and microhydrodynamic properties and, in particular, the flagella chirality. Theoretical analysis reveals the scaling laws behind the average rheotactic velocity at moderate shear rates using a chirality parameter and explains the reorientation dynamics leading to saturation at large shear rates from the marginal stability of a fixed point. Our findings constitute a full understanding of the physical mechanisms and relevant parameters of bacteria bulk rheotaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyin Jing
- School of Physics, Northwest University, Xi’an 710127, China
- Physique et Mécanique des Milieux Hétèrogènes, PMMH, ESPCI Paris, PSL University, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, 10, rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Andreas Zöttl
- Physique et Mécanique des Milieux Hétèrogènes, PMMH, ESPCI Paris, PSL University, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, 10, rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, TU Wien, Wiedner Hauptstraße 8-10, 1040 Wien, Austria
| | - Éric Clément
- Physique et Mécanique des Milieux Hétèrogènes, PMMH, ESPCI Paris, PSL University, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, 10, rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Anke Lindner
- Physique et Mécanique des Milieux Hétèrogènes, PMMH, ESPCI Paris, PSL University, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, 10, rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France
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7
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Caprini L, Cecconi F, Puglisi A, Sarracino A. Diffusion properties of self-propelled particles in cellular flows. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:5431-5438. [PMID: 32469036 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm00450b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We study the dynamics of a self-propelled particle advected by a steady laminar flow. The persistent motion of the self-propelled particle is described by an active Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process. We focus on the diffusivity properties of the particle as a function of persistence time and free-diffusion coefficient, revealing non-monotonic behaviors, with the occurrence of a minimum and a steep growth in the regime of large persistence time. In the latter limit, we obtain an analytical prediction for the scaling of the diffusion coefficient with the parameters of the active force. Our study sheds light on the effect of a flow-field on the diffusion of active particles, such as living microorganisms and motile phytoplankton in fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Caprini
- Gran Sasso Science Institute (GSSI), Via. F. Crispi 7, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy.
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8
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Borgnino M, Gustavsson K, De Lillo F, Boffetta G, Cencini M, Mehlig B. Alignment of Nonspherical Active Particles in Chaotic Flows. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:138003. [PMID: 31697550 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.138003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We study the orientation statistics of spheroidal, axisymmetric microswimmers, with shapes ranging from disks to rods, swimming in chaotic, moderately turbulent flows. Numerical simulations show that rodlike active particles preferentially align with the flow velocity. To explain the underlying mechanism, we solve a statistical model via the perturbation theory. We show that such an alignment is caused by correlations of fluid velocity and its gradients along particle paths combined with fore-aft symmetry breaking due to both swimming and particle nonsphericity. Remarkably, the discovered alignment is found to be a robust kinematical effect, independent of the underlying flow evolution. We discuss its possible relevance for aquatic ecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Borgnino
- Dipartimento di Fisica and INFN, Università di Torino, via P. Giuria 1, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - K Gustavsson
- Department of Physics, Gothenburg University, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - F De Lillo
- Dipartimento di Fisica and INFN, Università di Torino, via P. Giuria 1, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - G Boffetta
- Dipartimento di Fisica and INFN, Università di Torino, via P. Giuria 1, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - M Cencini
- Istituto dei Sistemi Complessi, CNR, via dei Taurini 19, 00185 Rome, Italy and INFN, sezione Roma2 "Tor Vergata"
| | - B Mehlig
- Department of Physics, Gothenburg University, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
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9
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Mathijssen AJTM, Figueroa-Morales N, Junot G, Clément É, Lindner A, Zöttl A. Oscillatory surface rheotaxis of swimming E. coli bacteria. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3434. [PMID: 31366920 PMCID: PMC6668461 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11360-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial contamination of biological channels, catheters or water resources is a major threat to public health, which can be amplified by the ability of bacteria to swim upstream. The mechanisms of this 'rheotaxis', the reorientation with respect to flow gradients, are still poorly understood. Here, we follow individual E. coli bacteria swimming at surfaces under shear flow using 3D Lagrangian tracking and fluorescent flagellar labelling. Three transitions are identified with increasing shear rate: Above a first critical shear rate, bacteria shift to swimming upstream. After a second threshold, we report the discovery of an oscillatory rheotaxis. Beyond a third transition, we further observe coexistence of rheotaxis along the positive and negative vorticity directions. A theoretical analysis explains these rheotaxis regimes and predicts the corresponding critical shear rates. Our results shed light on bacterial transport and reveal strategies for contamination prevention, rheotactic cell sorting, and microswimmer navigation in complex flow environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnold J T M Mathijssen
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, 443 Via Ortega, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Rudolf Peierls Centre for Theoretical Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, 1 Keble Road, OX1 3NP, UK
| | - Nuris Figueroa-Morales
- PMMH, UMR 7636 CNRS-ESPCI-PSL Research University, Sorbonne University, University Paris Diderot, 7-9 quai Saint-Bernard, 75005, Paris, France
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Gaspard Junot
- PMMH, UMR 7636 CNRS-ESPCI-PSL Research University, Sorbonne University, University Paris Diderot, 7-9 quai Saint-Bernard, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Éric Clément
- PMMH, UMR 7636 CNRS-ESPCI-PSL Research University, Sorbonne University, University Paris Diderot, 7-9 quai Saint-Bernard, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Anke Lindner
- PMMH, UMR 7636 CNRS-ESPCI-PSL Research University, Sorbonne University, University Paris Diderot, 7-9 quai Saint-Bernard, 75005, Paris, France.
| | - Andreas Zöttl
- Rudolf Peierls Centre for Theoretical Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, 1 Keble Road, OX1 3NP, UK.
- PMMH, UMR 7636 CNRS-ESPCI-PSL Research University, Sorbonne University, University Paris Diderot, 7-9 quai Saint-Bernard, 75005, Paris, France.
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, TU Wien, Wiedner Hauptstraße 8-10, Wien, Austria.
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10
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Zöttl A, Klop KE, Balin AK, Gao Y, Yeomans JM, Aarts DGAL. Dynamics of individual Brownian rods in a microchannel flow. SOFT MATTER 2019; 15:5810-5814. [PMID: 31304487 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm00903e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We study the orientational dynamics of heavy silica microrods flowing through a microfluidic channel. Comparing experiments and Brownian dynamics simulations we identify different particle orbits, in particular in-plane tumbling behavior, which cannot be explained by classical Jeffery theory, and we relate this behavior to the rotational diffusion of the rods. By constructing the full, three-dimensional, orientation distribution, we describe the rod trajectories and quantify the persistence of Jeffery orbits using temporal correlation functions of the Jeffery constant. We find that our colloidal rods lose memory of their initial configuration in about a second, corresponding to half a Jeffery period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Zöttl
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, TU Wien, Wiedner Hauptstraße 8-10, Wien, Austria. and The Rudolf Peierls Centre for Theoretical Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon Lab., Parks Rd., Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK
| | - Kira E Klop
- Department of Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QZ, UK
| | - Andrew K Balin
- The Rudolf Peierls Centre for Theoretical Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon Lab., Parks Rd., Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK
| | - Yongxiang Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QZ, UK and Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Nanhai Avenue 3688, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Julia M Yeomans
- The Rudolf Peierls Centre for Theoretical Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon Lab., Parks Rd., Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK
| | - Dirk G A L Aarts
- Department of Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QZ, UK
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