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Amroodi MN, Maghsoudloo M, Amiri S, Mokhtari K, Mohseni P, Pourmarjani A, Jamali B, Khosroshahi EM, Asadi S, Tabrizian P, Entezari M, Hashemi M, Wan R. Unraveling the molecular and immunological landscape: Exploring signaling pathways in osteoporosis. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 177:116954. [PMID: 38906027 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis, characterized by compromised bone density and microarchitecture, represents a significant global health challenge, particularly in aging populations. This comprehensive review delves into the intricate signaling pathways implicated in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis, providing valuable insights into the pivotal role of signal transduction in maintaining bone homeostasis. The exploration encompasses cellular signaling pathways such as Wnt, Notch, JAK/STAT, NF-κB, and TGF-β, all of which play crucial roles in bone remodeling. The dysregulation of these pathways is a contributing factor to osteoporosis, necessitating a profound understanding of their complexities to unveil the molecular mechanisms underlying bone loss. The review highlights the pathological significance of disrupted signaling in osteoporosis, emphasizing how these deviations impact the functionality of osteoblasts and osteoclasts, ultimately resulting in heightened bone resorption and compromised bone formation. A nuanced analysis of the intricate crosstalk between these pathways is provided to underscore their relevance in the pathophysiology of osteoporosis. Furthermore, the study addresses some of the most crucial long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) associated with osteoporosis, adding an additional layer of academic depth to the exploration of immune system involvement in various types of osteoporosis. Finally, we propose that SKP1 can serve as a potential biomarker in osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Nakhaei Amroodi
- Bone and Joint Reconstruction Research Center, Shafa Orthopedic Hospital, department of orthopedic, school of medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mazaher Maghsoudloo
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetics and Oncology, the Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Shayan Amiri
- Bone and Joint Reconstruction Research Center, Shafa Orthopedic Hospital, department of orthopedic, school of medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Khatere Mokhtari
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Parnaz Mohseni
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azadeh Pourmarjani
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Behdokht Jamali
- Department of microbiology and genetics, kherad Institute of higher education, Busheher, lran
| | - Elaheh Mohandesi Khosroshahi
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saba Asadi
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pouria Tabrizian
- Bone and Joint Reconstruction Research Center, Shafa Orthopedic Hospital, department of orthopedic, school of medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Maliheh Entezari
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mehrdad Hashemi
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Runlan Wan
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China; Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education & Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, (Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases), Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China.
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2
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Wang N, Wang H, Shen L, Liu X, Ma Y, Wang C. Aging-Related Rotator Cuff Tears: Molecular Mechanisms and Implications for Clinical Management. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2024; 8:e2300331. [PMID: 38295015 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202300331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Shoulder pain and disabilities are prevalent issues among the elderly population, with rotator cuff tear (RCT) being one of the leading causes. Although surgical treatment has shown some success, high postoperative retear rates remain a great challenge, particularly in elderly patients. Aging-related degeneration of muscle, tendon, tendon-to-bone enthesis, and bone plays a critical role in the development and prognosis of RCT. Studies have demonstrated that aging worsens muscle atrophy and fatty infiltration, alters tendon structure and biomechanical properties, exacerbates enthesis degeneration, and reduces bone density. Although recent researches have contributed to understanding the pathophysiological mechanisms of aging-related RCT, a comprehensive systematic review of this topic is still lacking. Therefore, this article aims to present a review of the pathophysiological changes and their clinical significance, as well as the molecular mechanisms underlying aging-related RCT, with the goal of shedding light on new therapeutic approaches to reduce the occurrence of aging-related RCT and improve postoperative prognosis in elderly patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Haoyuan Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Longxiang Shen
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Xudong Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Yanhong Ma
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Chongyang Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
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3
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Andrie KM, Palmer DR, Wahl O, Bork S, Campbell M, Walsh MA, Sanford J, Musci RV, Hamilton KL, Santangelo KS, Puttlitz CM. Treatment with PB125 ® Increases Femoral Long Bone Strength in 15-Month-Old Female Hartley Guinea Pigs. Ann Biomed Eng 2024; 52:671-681. [PMID: 38044413 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-023-03415-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) is a transcription factor that serves as a master regulator of anti-inflammatory agents, phase I xenobiotic, and phase II antioxidant enzymes, all of which provide a cytoprotective role during disease progression. We hypothesized that oral administration of a purported phytochemical Nrf2-activator, PB125®, would increase long bone strength in aging Hartley guinea pigs, a model prone to musculoskeletal decline. Male (N = 56) and female (N = 56) guinea pigs were randomly assigned to receive daily oral treatment with either PB125® or vehicle control. Animals were treated for a consecutive 3-months (starting at 2-months of age) or 10-months (starting at 5-months of age) and sacrificed at 5-months or 15-months of age, respectively. Outcome measures included: (1) ANY-maze™ enclosure monitoring, (2) quantitative microcomputed tomography, and (3) biomechanical testing. Treatment with PB125® for 10 months resulted in increased long bone strength as determined by ultimate bending stress in female Hartley guinea pigs. In control groups, increasing age resulted in significant effects on geometric and structural properties of long bones, as well as a trending increase in ultimate bending stress. Furthermore, both age and sex had a significant effect on the geometric properties of both cortical and trabecular bone. Collectively, this work suggests that this nutraceutical may serve as a promising target and preventive measure in managing the decline in bone mass and quality documented in aging patients. Auxiliary to this main goal, this work also capitalized upon 5 and 15-month-old male and female animals in the control group to characterize age- and sex-specific differences on long bone geometric, structural, and material properties in this animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Andrie
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Pathology, Colorado State University, 1619 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO, 80523-1619, USA
| | - D R Palmer
- Orthopaedic Bioengineering Research Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - O Wahl
- Orthopaedic Bioengineering Research Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - S Bork
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Pathology, Colorado State University, 1619 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO, 80523-1619, USA
| | - M Campbell
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Pathology, Colorado State University, 1619 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO, 80523-1619, USA
| | - M A Walsh
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, 1582 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO, 80523-1582, USA
| | - J Sanford
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Pathology, Colorado State University, 1619 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO, 80523-1619, USA
| | - R V Musci
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, 1582 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO, 80523-1582, USA
| | - Karyn L Hamilton
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, 1582 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO, 80523-1582, USA.
- Columbine Health Systems Center for Healthy Aging, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
| | - Kelly S Santangelo
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Pathology, Colorado State University, 1619 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO, 80523-1619, USA.
- Columbine Health Systems Center for Healthy Aging, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
| | - Christian M Puttlitz
- Orthopaedic Bioengineering Research Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, 1374 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO, 80523-1374, USA.
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Zhang L, Guan Q, Wang Z, Feng J, Zou J, Gao B. Consequences of Aging on Bone. Aging Dis 2023:AD.2023.1115. [PMID: 38029404 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.1115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
With the aging of the global population, the incidence of musculoskeletal diseases has been increasing, seriously affecting people's health. As people age, the microenvironment within skeleton favors bone resorption and inhibits bone formation, accompanied by bone marrow fat accumulation and multiple cellular senescence. Specifically, skeletal stem/stromal cells (SSCs) during aging tend to undergo adipogenesis rather than osteogenesis. Meanwhile, osteoblasts, as well as osteocytes, showed increased apoptosis, decreased quantity, and multiple functional limitations including impaired mechanical sensing, intercellular modulation, and exosome secretion. Also, the bone resorption function of macrophage-lineage cells (including osteoclasts and preosteoclasts) was significantly enhanced, as well as impaired vascularization and innervation. In this study, we systematically reviewed the effect of aging on bone and the within microenvironment (including skeletal cells as well as their intracellular structure variations, vascular structures, innervation, marrow fat distribution, and lymphatic system) caused by aging, and mechanisms of osteoimmune regulation of the bone environment in the aging state, and the causal relationship with multiple musculoskeletal diseases in addition with their potential therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingli Zhang
- College of Athletic Performance, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiao Guan
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhikun Wang
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Feng
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Zou
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Gao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
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5
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Hu G, Yu Y, Sharma D, Pruett-Miller SM, Ren Y, Zhang GF, Karner CM. Glutathione limits RUNX2 oxidation and degradation to regulate bone formation. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e166888. [PMID: 37432749 PMCID: PMC10543723 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.166888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are natural products of mitochondrial oxidative metabolism and oxidative protein folding. ROS levels must be well controlled, since elevated ROS has been shown to have deleterious effects on osteoblasts. Moreover, excessive ROS is thought to underlie many of the skeletal phenotypes associated with aging and sex steroid deficiency in mice and humans. The mechanisms by which osteoblasts regulate ROS and how ROS inhibits osteoblasts are not well understood. Here, we demonstrate that de novo glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis is essential in neutralizing ROS and establish a proosteogenic reduction and oxidation reaction (REDOX) environment. Using a multifaceted approach, we demonstrate that reducing GSH biosynthesis led to acute degradation of RUNX2, impaired osteoblast differentiation, and reduced bone formation. Conversely, reducing ROS using catalase enhanced RUNX2 stability and promoted osteoblast differentiation and bone formation when GSH biosynthesis was limited. Highlighting the therapeutic implications of these findings, in utero antioxidant therapy stabilized RUNX2 and improved bone development in the Runx2+/- haplo-insufficient mouse model of human cleidocranial dysplasia. Thus, our data establish RUNX2 as a molecular sensor of the osteoblast REDOX environment and mechanistically clarify how ROS negatively impacts osteoblast differentiation and bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoli Hu
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Yilin Yu
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Deepika Sharma
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Shondra M. Pruett-Miller
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Yinshi Ren
- Center for Excellence in Hip Disorders, Texas Scottish Rite Hospital for Children, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Guo-Fang Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism Nutrition, and
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center & Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Courtney M. Karner
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Charles and Jane Pak Center for Mineral Metabolism and Clinical Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
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6
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Ostos Mendoza KC, Garay Buenrostro KD, Kanabar PN, Maienschein-Cline M, Los NS, Arbieva Z, Raut NA, Lawal TO, López AM, Cabada-Aguirre P, Luna-Vital DA, Mahady GB. Peonidin-3- O-glucoside and Resveratrol Increase the Viability of Cultured Human hFOB Osteoblasts and Alter the Expression of Genes Associated with Apoptosis, Osteoblast Differentiation and Osteoclastogenesis. Nutrients 2023; 15:3233. [PMID: 37513651 PMCID: PMC10383121 DOI: 10.3390/nu15143233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
High-throughput RNA-sequencing can determine the impact of nutrients and their combinations on gene transcription levels in osteocytes, and clarify the biological pathways associated with their impact on bone tissues. Previously, we reported that resveratrol (RES) and peonidin-3-O-glucoside (POG) increased osteoblastogenesis, as well as reduced osteoclastogenesis in transgenic teleost fish models. Here, we perform whole-genome transcriptomic profiling of osteoblasts treated with POG or RES to provide a comprehensive understanding of alterations in gene expression and the molecular mechanisms involved. Cultured human fetal osteoblastic hFOB 1.19 cells were treated with the test compounds, and then RNA was used to prepare RNA-seq libraries, that were sequenced using a NovaSeq 6000. Treatment with POG or RES increased osteoblast proliferation and reduced apoptosis. Transcriptomic profiling showed that of the 29,762 genes investigated, 3177 were differentially expressed (1481 upregulated, 1696 downregulated, FDR ≤ 0.05) in POG-treated osteoblasts. In the RES-treated osteoblasts, 2288 genes were differentially expressed (DGEs, 1068 upregulated, 1220 downregulated, FDR ≤ 0.05). Ingenuity® Pathway Analysis (IPA) of DGEs from RES or POG-treated osteoblasts revealed significant downregulation of the apoptosis, osteoarthritis and HIF1α canonical pathways, and a significant reduction in Rankl mRNA expression. The data suggest that RES and POG have both anabolic and anticlastogenic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keila C Ostos Mendoza
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Av. Ignacio Morones Prieto 3000, Sertoma, Monterrey 64710, N.L., Mexico
- Clinical Pharmacognosy Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, PAHO/WHO Collaborating Centre for Traditional Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Karen D Garay Buenrostro
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Av. Ignacio Morones Prieto 3000, Sertoma, Monterrey 64710, N.L., Mexico
- Clinical Pharmacognosy Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, PAHO/WHO Collaborating Centre for Traditional Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Pinal N Kanabar
- Research Informatics Core, Research Resources Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Mark Maienschein-Cline
- Research Informatics Core, Research Resources Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Nina S Los
- Core Genomics Facility, Research Resource Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Zarema Arbieva
- Core Genomics Facility, Research Resource Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Nishikant A Raut
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur 440033, India
| | - Temitope O Lawal
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan 200132, Nigeria
| | - Alice M López
- Clinical Pharmacognosy Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, PAHO/WHO Collaborating Centre for Traditional Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Nanotechnology, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Ave Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey 64710, N.L., Mexico
| | - Paulina Cabada-Aguirre
- Clinical Pharmacognosy Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, PAHO/WHO Collaborating Centre for Traditional Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Nanotechnology, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Ave Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey 64710, N.L., Mexico
| | - Diego A Luna-Vital
- Institute for Obesity Research, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64710, N.L., Mexico
| | - Gail B Mahady
- Clinical Pharmacognosy Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, PAHO/WHO Collaborating Centre for Traditional Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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7
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Cavati G, Pirrotta F, Merlotti D, Ceccarelli E, Calabrese M, Gennari L, Mingiano C. Role of Advanced Glycation End-Products and Oxidative Stress in Type-2-Diabetes-Induced Bone Fragility and Implications on Fracture Risk Stratification. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12040928. [PMID: 37107303 PMCID: PMC10135862 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12040928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) and osteoporosis (OP) are major causes of morbidity and mortality that have arelevant health and economic burden. Recent epidemiological evidence suggests that both of these disorders are often associated with each other and that T2D patients have an increased risk of fracture, making bone an additional target of diabetes. As occurs for other diabetic complications, the increased accumulation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) and oxidative stress represent the major mechanisms explaining bone fragility in T2D. Both of these conditions directly and indirectly (through the promotion of microvascular complications) impair the structural ductility of bone and negatively affect bone turnover, leading to impaired bone quality, rather than decreased bone density. This makes diabetes-induced bone fragility remarkably different from other forms of OP and represents a major challenge for fracture risk stratification, since either the measurement of BMD or the use of common diagnostic algorithms for OP have a poor predictive value. We review and discuss the role of AGEs and oxidative stress on the pathophysiology of bone fragility in T2D, providing some indications on how to improve fracture risk prediction in T2D patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Cavati
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Filippo Pirrotta
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Daniela Merlotti
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Elena Ceccarelli
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Marco Calabrese
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Luigi Gennari
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Christian Mingiano
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
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Wang YF, Chang YY, Zhang XM, Gao MT, Zhang QL, Li X, Zhang L, Yao WF. Salidroside protects against osteoporosis in ovariectomized rats by inhibiting oxidative stress and promoting osteogenesis via Nrf2 activation. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 99:154020. [PMID: 35278902 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoporosis (OP) is characterized as low bone mass, bone microarchitecture breakdown and bone fragility. The increase of oxidative stress could lead to breakdown in the balance of bone formation and resorption which gives rise to OP. Nrf2 is a transcription factor which takes part in oxidative stress and recently was reported that it can regulate the occurrence of OP. Salidroside (SAL) with the efficacies of anti-oxidation, anti-aging and bone-protection is one of the active ingredients in Ligustri Lucidi Fructus, a traditional Chinese medicinal herb. Nevertheless, few studies have explored the potential mechanism of SAL preventing OP development from the perspective of oxidative stress intervention. PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the pharmacological effect and molecular mechanisms of SAL on OP. STUDY DESIGNS AND METHODS A tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP)-induced oxidative stress model was applied for investigating the effects of SAL in vitro, and an ovariectomized (OVX) model was used for in vivo study on the effect of SAL for OP. Related pharmacodynamic actions and molecular mechanisms of SAL were explored in both rat osteoblasts (ROBs) and OVX rats. Network biology and cell metabolomics were performed for further investigating the correlation and association among potential biomarkers, targets and pathways. RESULTS SAL reduced levels of ROS and lipid peroxidation (LPO), increased activities of antioxidant enzymes like GPx and SOD, and enhanced osteogenic differentiation in t-BHP-induced ROBs and OVX rats. Mechanistic studies showed SAL prevented OP development and reduced oxidative damage in ROBs and OVX rats through up-regulating Nrf2 expression and facilitating its nuclear translocation. The joint analysis of network biology and cell metabolomics revealed that galactose metabolism and fatty acid metabolism could be the major influenced pathways following treatment with SAL. CONCLUSION SAL could protect against OP by inhibiting oxidative stress, promoting osteogenesis through the up-regulation of Nrf2 and intervening galactose metabolism and fatty acid metabolism. Our study implied that SAL may be a potential drug to treat OP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Fei Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Yue-Yue Chang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Xue-Meng Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Meng-Ting Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Qiu-Lan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Xin Li
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Li Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Wei-Feng Yao
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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9
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Pan W, Zheng L, Gao J, Ye L, Chen Z, Liu S, Pan B, Fang J, Lai H, Zhang Y, Ni K, Lou C, He D. SIS3 suppresses osteoclastogenesis and ameliorates bone loss in ovariectomized mice by modulating Nox4-dependent reactive oxygen species. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 195:114846. [PMID: 34801525 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a metabolic disorder of reduced bone mass, accompanied by the deterioration of the bone microstructure, resulting in increased brittleness and easy fracture. Its pathogenesis can be explained by mainly excessive osteoclast formation or bone resorption hyperfunction. Oxidative stress is intricately linked with bone metabolism, and the maturation and bone resorption of osteoclasts respond to intracellular ROS levels. SIS3 is a small-molecule compound that selectively suppresses Smad3 phosphorylation in the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway and attenuates the ability to bind to target DNA. Several studies have reported that Smad3 plays a significant role in bone metabolism. However, whether SIS3 can modulate bone metabolism by affecting osteoclastogenesis and the specific molecular mechanisms involved remain unknown. Here, we demonstrated that SIS3 could suppress osteoclastogenesis and ameliorate bone loss in ovariectomized mice. Mechanistically, SIS3 inhibited Smad3 phosphorylation in BMMs, and the deficiency of phosphorylated Smad3 downregulated ROS production and Nox4-dependent expression during osteoclast formation, thereby blocking MAPK phosphorylation and the synthesis of downstream osteoclast marker proteins. Similarly, Nox4 plasmid transfection significantly alleviated osteoclast formation inhibited by SIS3. In addition, we identified the interaction region between Smad3 and Nox4 by ChIP and dual luciferase reporter assays. Collectively, we found that SIS3 could inhibit Smad3 phosphorylation, reduce Nox4-dependent ROS generation induced by RANKL, and prevent osteoclast differentiation and maturation, making it a promising alternative therapy for osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzheng Pan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Affiliated Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University, Lishui Municipal Central Hospital, 289 Kuocang Road, Lishui 323000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Lin Zheng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou 310016, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jiawei Gao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Affiliated Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University, Lishui Municipal Central Hospital, 289 Kuocang Road, Lishui 323000, Zhejiang Province, China; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou 310016, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Lin Ye
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Affiliated Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University, Lishui Municipal Central Hospital, 289 Kuocang Road, Lishui 323000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zhenzhong Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Affiliated Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University, Lishui Municipal Central Hospital, 289 Kuocang Road, Lishui 323000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Shijie Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Affiliated Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University, Lishui Municipal Central Hospital, 289 Kuocang Road, Lishui 323000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Bin Pan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Affiliated Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University, Lishui Municipal Central Hospital, 289 Kuocang Road, Lishui 323000, Zhejiang Province, China; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou 310016, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jiawei Fang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Affiliated Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University, Lishui Municipal Central Hospital, 289 Kuocang Road, Lishui 323000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Hehuan Lai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Affiliated Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University, Lishui Municipal Central Hospital, 289 Kuocang Road, Lishui 323000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yejin Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Affiliated Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University, Lishui Municipal Central Hospital, 289 Kuocang Road, Lishui 323000, Zhejiang Province, China; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou 310016, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Kainai Ni
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Affiliated Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University, Lishui Municipal Central Hospital, 289 Kuocang Road, Lishui 323000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Chao Lou
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Affiliated Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University, Lishui Municipal Central Hospital, 289 Kuocang Road, Lishui 323000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Dengwei He
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Affiliated Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University, Lishui Municipal Central Hospital, 289 Kuocang Road, Lishui 323000, Zhejiang Province, China.
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Role of Polyphenols in the Metabolism of the Skeletal System in Humans and Animals – A Review. ANNALS OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.2478/aoas-2021-0040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Polyphenols are a group of compounds arousing enormous interest due to their multiple effects on both human and animal health and omnipresence in plants. A number of in vitro and animal model studies have shown that all polyphenols exhibit anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, and play a significant role against oxidative stress-related pathologies. They also exert gut promotory effects and prevent chronic degenerative diseases. However, less attention has been paid to the potential influence of polyphenols on bone properties and metabolism. It is well known that proper growth and functioning of the organism depend largely on bone growth and health. Therefore, understanding the action of substances (including polyphenols) that may improve the health and functioning of the skeletal system and bone metabolism is extremely important for the health of the present and future generations of both humans and farm animals. This review provides a comprehensive summary of literature related to causes of bone loss during ageing of the organism (in both humans and animals) and possible effects of dietary polyphenols preventing bone loss and diseases. In particular, the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms that can modulate skeletal homeostasis and influence the bone modeling and remodeling processes are presented.
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11
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Raja IS, Preeth DR, Vedhanayagam M, Hyon SH, Lim D, Kim B, Rajalakshmi S, Han DW. Polyphenols-loaded electrospun nanofibers in bone tissue engineering and regeneration. Biomater Res 2021; 25:29. [PMID: 34563260 PMCID: PMC8466400 DOI: 10.1186/s40824-021-00229-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone is a complex structure with unique cellular and molecular process in its formation. Bone tissue regeneration is a well-organized and routine process at the cellular and molecular level in humans through the activation of biochemical pathways and protein expression. Though many forms of biomaterials have been applied for bone tissue regeneration, electrospun nanofibrous scaffolds have attracted more attention among researchers with their physicochemical properties such as tensile strength, porosity, and biocompatibility. When drugs, antibiotics, or functional nanoparticles are taken as additives to the nanofiber, its efficacy towards the application gets increased. Polyphenol is a versatile green/phytochemical small molecule playing a vital role in several biomedical applications, including bone tissue regeneration. When polyphenols are incorporated as additives to the nanofibrous scaffold, their combined properties enhance cell attachment, proliferation, and differentiation in bone tissue defect. The present review describes bone biology encompassing the composition and function of bone tissue cells and exemplifies the series of biological processes associated with bone tissue regeneration. We have highlighted the molecular mechanism of bioactive polyphenols involved in bone tissue regeneration and specified the advantage of electrospun nanofiber as a wound healing scaffold. As the polyphenols contribute to wound healing with their antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, we have compiled a list of polyphenols studied, thus far, for bone tissue regeneration along with their in vitro and in vivo experimental biological results and salient observations. Finally, we have elaborated on the importance of polyphenol-loaded electrospun nanofiber in bone tissue regeneration and discussed the possible challenges and future directions in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Desingh Raj Preeth
- Chemical Biology and Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, AU-KBC Research Centre, Anna University, MIT Campus, Chromepet, Chennai, 600 044, India
| | | | | | - Dohyung Lim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, South Korea
| | - Bongju Kim
- Dental Life Science Research Institute / Innovation Research & Support Center for Dental Science, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul, 03080, South Korea.
| | - Subramaniyam Rajalakshmi
- Chemical Biology and Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, AU-KBC Research Centre, Anna University, MIT Campus, Chromepet, Chennai, 600 044, India.
| | - Dong-Wook Han
- BIO-IT Fusion Technology Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, South Korea. .,Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, College of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, South Korea.
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12
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Tanideh R, Delavari S, Farshad O, Irajie C, Javad Yavari Barhaghtalab M, Koohpeyma F, Koohi-Hosseinabadi O, Jamshidzadeh A, Tanideh N, Iraji A. Effect of flaxseed oil on biochemical parameters, hormonal indexes and stereological changes in ovariectomized rats. Vet Med Sci 2020; 7:521-533. [PMID: 33103380 PMCID: PMC8025639 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The ovariectomized rat is a widely used preclinical model for studying postmenopausal and its complications. In this study, the therapeutic effect of flaxseed oil on the ovariectomized adult rats was investigated. Our results showed that biochemical parameters including calcium, oestrogen and progesterone levels increase 8 weeks after ovariectomy in rats. Also, the amount of alkaline phosphatase decreased significantly after 8 weeks compared with the OVX rat. The healing potential of flaxseed oil was proven by successfully recovering the affected tissue and preventing the unpleasant symptoms of ovariectomized rats. The biological effects of flaxseed oil may be due to high amounts of fatty acids, phytoestrogens and an array of antioxidants. The results suggest that flaxseed oil can mimic the action of oestrogen and can be a potential treatment for hormone replacement therapy (HRT).
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Affiliation(s)
- Romina Tanideh
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Shirin Delavari
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Omid Farshad
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Cambyz Irajie
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Farhad Koohpeyma
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Omid Koohi-Hosseinabadi
- Laparoscopy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Central Research Laboratory, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Akram Jamshidzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Nader Tanideh
- Stem Cells Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Aida Iraji
- Central Research Laboratory, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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13
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Wang T, He H, Liu S, Jia C, Fan Z, Zhong C, Yu J, Liu H, He C. Autophagy: A Promising Target for Age-related Osteoporosis. Curr Drug Targets 2020; 20:354-365. [PMID: 29943700 DOI: 10.2174/1389450119666180626120852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a process the primary role of which is to clear up damaged cellular components such as long-lived proteins and organelles, thus participating in the conservation of different cells. Osteoporosis associated with aging is characterized by consistent changes in bone metabolism with suppression of bone formation as well as increased bone resorption. In advanced age, not only bone mass but also bone strength decrease in both sexes, resulting in an increased incidence of fractures. Clinical and animal experiments reveal that age-related bone loss is associated with many factors such as accumulation of autophagy, increased levels of reactive oxygen species, sex hormone deficiency, and high levels of endogenous glucocorticoids. Available basic and clinical studies indicate that age-associated factors can regulate autophagy. Those factors play important roles in bone remodeling and contribute to decreased bone mass and bone strength with aging. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms involved in bone metabolism related to aging and autophagy, supplying a theory for therapeutic targets to rescue bone mass and bone strength in older people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongchen He
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shaxin Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chengsen Jia
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ziyan Fan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Can Zhong
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiadan Yu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Honghong Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chengqi He
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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15
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Farr JN, Almeida M. The Spectrum of Fundamental Basic Science Discoveries Contributing to Organismal Aging. J Bone Miner Res 2018; 33:1568-1584. [PMID: 30075061 PMCID: PMC6327947 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Aging research has undergone unprecedented advances at an accelerating rate in recent years, leading to excitement in the field as well as opportunities for imagination and innovation. Novel insights indicate that, rather than resulting from a preprogrammed series of events, the aging process is predominantly driven by fundamental non-adaptive mechanisms that are interconnected, linked, and overlap. To varying degrees, these mechanisms also manifest with aging in bone where they cause skeletal fragility. Because these mechanisms of aging can be manipulated, it might be possible to slow, delay, or alleviate multiple age-related diseases and their complications by targeting conserved genetic signaling pathways, controlled functional networks, and basic biochemical processes. Indeed, findings in various mammalian species suggest that targeting fundamental aging mechanisms (eg, via either loss-of-function or gain-of-function mutations or administration of pharmacological therapies) can extend healthspan; ie, the healthy period of life free of chronic diseases. In this review, we summarize the evidence supporting the role of the spectrum of fundamental basic science discoveries contributing to organismal aging, with emphasis on mammalian studies and in particular aging mechanisms in bone that drive skeletal fragility. These mechanisms or aging hallmarks include: genomic instability, telomere attrition, epigenetic alterations, loss of proteostasis, deregulated nutrient sensing, mitochondrial dysfunction, cellular senescence, stem cell exhaustion, and altered intercellular communication. Because these mechanisms are linked, interventions that ameliorate one hallmark can in theory ameliorate others. In the field of bone and mineral research, current challenges include defining the relative contributions of each aging hallmark to the natural skeletal aging process, better understanding the complex interconnections among the hallmarks, and identifying the most effective therapeutic strategies to safely target multiple hallmarks. Based on their interconnections, it may be feasible to simultaneously interfere with several fundamental aging mechanisms to alleviate a wide spectrum of age-related chronic diseases, including osteoporosis. © 2018 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua N Farr
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism and Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Maria Almeida
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
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16
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Bone abnormalities in young male rats with iron intervention and possible mechanisms. Chem Biol Interact 2018; 279:21-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2017.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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17
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Antioxidative peptide from milk exhibits antiosteopenic effects through inhibition of oxidative damage and bone-resorbing cytokines in ovariectomized rats. Nutrition 2017; 43-44:21-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2017.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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18
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Rahmati M, Nalesso G, Mobasheri A, Mozafari M. Aging and osteoarthritis: Central role of the extracellular matrix. Ageing Res Rev 2017; 40:20-30. [PMID: 28774716 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2017.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 311] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA), is a major cause of severe joint pain, physical disability and quality of life impairment in the aging population across the developed and developing world. Increased catabolism in the extracellular matrix (ECM) of the articular cartilage is a key factor in the development and progression of OA. The molecular mechanisms leading to an impaired matrix turnover have not been fully clarified, however cellular senescence, increased expression of inflammatory mediators as well as oxidative stress in association with an inherently limited regenerative potential of the tissue, are all important contributors to OA development. All these factors are linked to and tend to be maximized by aging. Nonetheless the role of aging in compromising joint stability and function in OA has not been completely clarified yet. This review will systematically analyze cellular and structural changes taking place in the articular cartilage and bone in the pathogenesis of OA which are linked to aging. A particular emphasis will be placed on age-related changes in the phenotype of the articular chondrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Rahmati
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran; Department of Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Giovanna Nalesso
- Department of Veterinary Pre-Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Ali Mobasheri
- The D-BOARD European Consortium for Biomarker Discovery, The APPROACH Innovative Medicines Initiative (IMI) Consortium, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH, UK; Arthritis Research UK Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis, Arthritis Research UK Pain Centre, Medical Research Council and Arthritis Research UK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK; Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research (CEGMR), King Fahd Medical Research Center (KFMRC) and Sheik Salem Bin Mahfouz Scientific Chair for Treatment of Osteoarthritis with Stem Cells, King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Masoud Mozafari
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran; Department of Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran; Bioengineering Research Group, Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Department, Materials and Energy Research Center (MERC), P.O. Box 14155-4777, Tehran, Iran.
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Bu SY, Kim MH, Choi MK. Effect of Silicon Supplementation on Bone Status in Ovariectomized Rats Under Calcium-Replete Condition. Biol Trace Elem Res 2016; 171:138-44. [PMID: 26361967 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-015-0506-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have suggested that silicon (Si) had positive effects on bone, but such benefits from Si may be dependent on calcium status. Also, several biochemical roles of Si in osteoblastic mineralization, the regulation of gene expression related to bone matrix synthesis, and the decrease in reactive oxygen species and pro-inflammatory mediators were reported, but these effects were mostly shown in cell culture studies. Hence, we tested the effect of Si supplementation on bone status and the gene expression related to bone metabolism and inflammatory mediators in young estrogen-deficient rats under calcium-replete condition (0.5 % diet). Results showed that 15-week supplementation of both high and very high doses of Si (0.025 and 0.075 % diet, respectively) could not restore the ovariectomy (OVX)-induced decrease of bone mineral density (BMD) of vertebrae, femur, and tibia. Also, several bone biochemical markers (ALP, osteocalcin, CTx) and mRNA expression of COL-I, RANKL, IL-6, and TNF-α in femur metaphysis were not significantly changed by Si in OVX rats. However, a very high dose (0.075 %) of Si supplementation significantly increased OPG expression and decreased the ratio of RANKL/OPG in mRNA expression comparable to that of sham-control animals. Taken together, Si supplementation did not increase BMD under calcium-replete condition but the decrease in the ratio of RANKL/OPG expression to the normal level suggests the possibility of a bone health benefit of Si in estrogen deficiency-induced bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Young Bu
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, 712-714, South Korea
| | - Mi-Hyun Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Korea National University of Transportation, Jeungpyung, Chungbuk, 368-701, South Korea
| | - Mi-Kyeong Choi
- Division of Food Science, Kongju National University, Yesan, Chungnam, 340-702, South Korea.
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20
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Radzki RP, Bienko M, Wolski D, Lis A, Radzka A. Lipoic acid stimulates bone formation in ovariectomized rats in a dose-dependent manner. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2016; 94:947-54. [PMID: 27278098 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2015-0439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This study was undertaken to determine the osteotropic effect of different doses of lipoic acid (LA) on the mineralization of bone tissue in female Wistar rats with experimental osteopenia induced by bilateral ovariectomy. Fifty-six rats were randomly selected and submitted to either a sham operation (n = 8) or an ovariectomy (n = 48). The ovariectomized rats were randomly placed into two control groups, treated subcutaneously with either physiological saline or 17β-estradiol in the dose of 4 μg/kg body mass per day, and four experimental groups that received LA subcutaneously in the doses of 12.5, 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg body mass per day (n = 8 in each group). After 28 days of experimental treatment, the rats were sacrificed, and body mass, total skeletal density, and body composition were recorded. Blood serum and isolated femora were stored for further analysis. Our results revealed that the osteoprotective effect of LA was dose-dependent and was observed in rats treated with 50 and 100 mg/kg of LA. Moreover, the LA applied to the ovariectomized rats in the dose of 50 mg/kg not only stopped the bone resorption, but stimulated its formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radoslaw Piotr Radzki
- a Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Poland
| | - Marek Bienko
- a Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Poland
| | - Dariusz Wolski
- a Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Poland
| | - Alicja Lis
- a Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Radzka
- b Students Research Circle at the Department of Epidemiology and Clinical Research Methodology, Medical University of Lublin, Poland
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21
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Đudarić L, Fužinac-Smojver A, Muhvić D, Giacometti J. The role of polyphenols on bone metabolism in osteoporosis. Food Res Int 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2015.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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22
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Allium cepa L. and Quercetin Inhibit RANKL/Porphyromonas gingivalis LPS-Induced Osteoclastogenesis by Downregulating NF-κB Signaling Pathway. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:704781. [PMID: 26273314 PMCID: PMC4529940 DOI: 10.1155/2015/704781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Objectives. We evaluated the in vitro modulatory effects of Allium cepa L. extract (AcE) and quercetin (Qt) on osteoclastogenesis under inflammatory conditions (LPS-induced). Methods. RAW 264.7 cells were differentiated with 30 ng/mL of RANKL, costimulated with PgLPS (1 µg/mL), and treated with AcE (50–1000 µg/mL) or Qt (1.25, 2.5, or 5 µM). Cell viability was determined by alamarBlue and protein assays. Nuclei morphology was analysed by DAPI staining. TRAP assays were performed as follows: p-nitrophenyl phosphate was used to determine the acid phosphatase activity of the osteoclasts and TRAP staining was used to evaluate the number and size of TRAP-positive multinucleated osteoclast cells. Von Kossa staining was used to measure osteoclast resorptive activity. Cytokine levels were measured on osteoclast precursor cell culture supernatants. Using western blot analysis, p-IκBα and IκBα degradation, inhibitor of NF-kappaB, were evaluated. Results. Both AcE and Qt did not affect cell viability and significantly reduced osteoclastogenesis compared to control. We observed lower production of IL-6 and IL-1α and an increased production of IL-3 and IL-4. AcE and Qt downregulated NF-κB pathway. Conclusion. AcE and Qt may be inhibitors of osteoclastogenesis under inflammatory conditions (LPS-induced) via attenuation of RANKL/PgLPS-induced NF-κB activation.
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Zhao L, Liu S, Wang Y, Zhang Q, Zhao W, Wang Z, Yin M. Effects of Curculigoside on Memory Impairment and Bone Loss via Anti-Oxidative Character in APP/PS1 Mutated Transgenic Mice. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0133289. [PMID: 26186010 PMCID: PMC4505858 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0133289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2015] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) and osteoporosis are two closely related multifactorial progressively degenerative diseases that predominantly affect aged people. These two diseases share many common risk factors, including old age, being female, smoking, excessive drinking, low estrogen, and vitamin D3 levels. Additionally, oxidative damage and the dysfunction of the antioxidant system play important roles in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis and AD. Aβ not only leads to impaired memory but also plays a crucial role in the demineralization process of bone tissues of older people and women with menopause. Curculigoside can promote calcium deposition and increase the levels of ALP and Runx2 in osteoblasts under oxidative stress via anti-oxidative character. Therefore, we investigated the effects of CUR on the spatial learning and memory by the Morris water maze and brain immunohistochemistry, and bone microstructure and material properties of femurs by micro-computed tomography and mechanical testing in APP/PS1 mutated transgenic mice. Oral administration of CUR can significantly enhance learning performance and ameliorate bone loss in APP/PS1 mutated transgenic mice, and the mechanism may be related to its antioxidant effect. Based on these results, CUR has real potential as a new natural resource for developing medicines or dietary supplements for the prevention and treatment of the two closely linked multifactorial progressive degenerative disorders, AD and osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sha Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, Sichuan, China
| | - Yin Wang
- People's Liberation Army (PLA) 455 Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiaoyan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjuan Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zejian Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Yin
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
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24
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El Refaey M, Watkins CP, Kennedy EJ, Chang A, Zhong Q, Ding KH, Shi XM, Xu J, Bollag WB, Hill WD, Johnson M, Hunter M, Hamrick MW, Isales CM. Oxidation of the aromatic amino acids tryptophan and tyrosine disrupts their anabolic effects on bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2015; 410:87-96. [PMID: 25637715 PMCID: PMC4444384 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2015.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Revised: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Age-induced bone loss is associated with greater bone resorption and decreased bone formation resulting in osteoporosis and osteoporosis-related fractures. The etiology of this age-induced bone loss is not clear but has been associated with increased generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) from leaky mitochondria. ROS are known to oxidize/damage the surrounding proteins/amino acids/enzymes and thus impair their normal function. Among the amino acids, the aromatic amino acids are particularly prone to modification by oxidation. Since impaired osteoblastic differentiation from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) plays a role in age-related bone loss, we wished to examine whether oxidized amino acids (in particular the aromatic amino acids) modulated BMMSC function. Using mouse BMMSCs, we examined the effects of the oxidized amino acids di-tyrosine and kynurenine on proliferation, differentiation and Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) pathway. Our data demonstrate that amino acid oxides (in particular kynurenine) inhibited BMMSC proliferation, alkaline phosphatase expression and activity and the expression of osteogenic markers (Osteocalcin and Runx2). Taken together, our data are consistent with a potential pathogenic role for oxidized amino acids in age-induced bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona El Refaey
- Institute for Regenerative and Reparative Medicine, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, United States; Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Christopher P Watkins
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States
| | - Eileen J Kennedy
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States
| | - Andrew Chang
- Institute for Regenerative and Reparative Medicine, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Qing Zhong
- Institute for Regenerative and Reparative Medicine, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, United States; Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Ke-Hong Ding
- Institute for Regenerative and Reparative Medicine, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, United States; Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Xing-ming Shi
- Institute for Regenerative and Reparative Medicine, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, United States; Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, United States; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Jianrui Xu
- Institute for Regenerative and Reparative Medicine, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, United States; Department of Medicine, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Wendy B Bollag
- Institute for Regenerative and Reparative Medicine, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, United States; Department of Physiology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, United States; Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30912, United States
| | - William D Hill
- Institute for Regenerative and Reparative Medicine, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, United States; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, United States; Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30912, United States; Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Maribeth Johnson
- Department of Biostatistics, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Monte Hunter
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Mark W Hamrick
- Institute for Regenerative and Reparative Medicine, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, United States; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, United States; Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Carlos M Isales
- Institute for Regenerative and Reparative Medicine, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, United States; Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, United States; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, United States; Department of Medicine, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, United States; Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, United States.
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25
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Zhao L, Wang Y, Wang Z, Xu Z, Zhang Q, Yin M. Effects of dietary resveratrol on excess-iron-induced bone loss via antioxidative character. J Nutr Biochem 2015; 26:1174-82. [PMID: 26239832 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2015.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Revised: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Estrogen deficiency has been considered to be a major cause of osteoporosis, but recent epidemiological evidence and mechanistic studies have indicated that aging and the associated increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) are the proximal pathogenic factors. Through ROS-mediated reactions, iron can induce disequilibrium of oxidation and antioxidation and can cause bone loss in mice. Therefore, we investigated the effects of resveratrol (RES) on bone mineral density, bone microstructure and the osteoblast functions under iron-overload conditions. Excess iron disrupted the antioxidant/prooxidant equilibrium of the mice and induced the defect and the lesion of the bone trabecula as well as disequilibrium between bone formation and bone resorption in iron-overload mice. Oral administration of RES significantly prevented bone loss in the osteoporotic mice. RES reversed the reduction of Runx2, OCN and type I collagen from excess iron; up-regulated the level of FOXO1; and maintained the antioxidant/prooxidant equilibrium in the mice. RES also reduced the ratio of OPG/RANKL in MC3T3-E1 cells and in mice and significantly inhibited subsequent osteoclastogenesis. These results provide new insights into the antiosteoporosis mechanisms of RES through antioxidative effects, suggesting that RES can be considered a potential natural resource for developing medicines or dietary supplements to prevent and treat osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yin Wang
- People's Liberation Army 455 Hospital, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Zejian Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zheng Xu
- Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Qiaoyan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Ming Yin
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
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26
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Kaume L, Gilbert W, Smith BJ, Devareddy L. Cyanidin 3-O-β-d-Glucoside Improves Bone Indices. J Med Food 2015; 18:690-7. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2014.0029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Kaume
- Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - William Gilbert
- Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - Breda J. Smith
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Latha Devareddy
- Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
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Iimura Y, Agata U, Takeda S, Kobayashi Y, Yoshida S, Ezawa I, Omi N. The protective effect of lycopene intake on bone loss in ovariectomized rats. J Bone Miner Metab 2015; 33:270-8. [PMID: 24996525 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-014-0596-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Accepted: 04/20/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Antioxidant lycopene supplementation has been shown to decrease oxidative stress and have beneficial effects on bone health. However, it remains unclear whether lycopene exerts its beneficial effect on bone metabolism through mitigation of oxidative stress in vivo. The aim of this study was to investigate whether lycopene intake protects against bone loss by reducing oxidative stress in ovariectomized rats. Female Sprague-Dawley 6-week-old rats were ovariectomized and randomly divided into four groups according to the lycopene content of their diet: 0, 50, 100, and 200 ppm. The tibial bone mineral density (BMD) in the 50, 100, and 200 ppm groups was significantly higher than that in the 0 ppm group. Serum and urinary bone resorption marker levels were significantly lower in the 50, 100, and 200 ppm groups than in the 0 ppm group. There was no significant difference in systemic oxidative stress markers among all groups. However, systemic oxidative stress levels were inversely correlated with the tibial BMD. Our findings suggest that lycopene intake significantly inhibits bone loss by suppressing bone resorption in ovariectomized rats. Further studies are necessary to clarify the effect of lycopene on oxidative stress in local tissues such as bone tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Iimura
- Department of Health and Sport Science, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Science, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8574, Japan
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28
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Nash LA, Sullivan PJ, Peters SJ, Ward WE. Rooibos flavonoids, orientin and luteolin, stimulate mineralization in human osteoblasts through the Wnt pathway. Mol Nutr Food Res 2015; 59:443-53. [PMID: 25488131 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201400592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Revised: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Several epidemiological studies have shown that tea consumption is associated with higher bone mineral density in women. Flavonoids in tea are recognized as potential estrogen mimics and may positively influence bone metabolism in estrogen-deficient women. Luteolin and orientin, flavonoids from rooibos tea, are of particular interest as rooibos tea contains no caffeine that can be detrimental to bone health. This study analyzed changes in mineral content when luteolin or orientin was added to a human osteoblast cell line and the potential mechanisms involved. Measurements included alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, cell mitochondrial activity, toxicity, and changes in regulatory proteins involved in osteoblast metabolism. METHODS AND RESULTS Mineral was significantly elevated in Saos2 cells treated with orientin (0.1-1.0 μM, 15-100 μM) or luteolin (5.0 μM) and was associated with increased ALP and mitochondrial activity, as determined by the production of p-nitrophenol and the reduction of 2-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide, respectively. Greater mineral content was also associated with lower toxicity as determined by lactate dehydrogenase activity and lower expression of TNF-α, IL-6, sclerostin, osteopontin, and osteoprotegerin. CONCLUSION Orientin and luteolin, flavonoids in rooibos tea, enhance mineral content in Saos2 cells. These findings provide guidance for doses to be studied in well-established animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie A Nash
- Department of Health Science, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada; Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
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29
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Schröder K. NADPH oxidases in bone homeostasis and osteoporosis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72:25-38. [PMID: 25167924 PMCID: PMC11114015 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-014-1712-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Revised: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Bone formation and degradation are perfectly coordinated. In case of an imbalance of these processes diseases occur associated with exaggerated formation of new bone or bone loss as in osteoporosis. Most studies investigating osteoporosis either focus on osteoblast or osteoclast function and differentiation. Both processes have been suggested to be affected by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Besides a potentially harmful role of ROS, these small molecules are important second messengers. The family of NADPH oxidases produces ROS in a controlled and targeted manner, to specifically regulate signal transduction. This review will highlight the role of reactive oxygen species in bone cell differentiation and bone-loss associated disease with a special focus on osteoporosis and NADPH oxidases as specialized sources of ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Schröder
- Institut für Kardiovaskuläre Physiologie, Fachbereich Medizin der Goethe-Universität, Universität Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany,
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30
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Antiosteoporotic effect of combined extract of Morus alba and Polygonum odoratum. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2014; 2014:579305. [PMID: 25478061 PMCID: PMC4247956 DOI: 10.1155/2014/579305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Revised: 10/11/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Due to the limitation of osteoporosis therapy, the alternative therapies from natural sources have been considered. In this study, we aimed to determine the antiosteoporotic effect of the combined extract of Morus alba and Polygonum odoratum leaves. Ovariectomized rats, weighing 200-220 g, were orally given the combined extract at doses of 5, 150, and 300 mg·kg(-1) BW for 3 months. At the end of study, blood was collected to determine serum osteocalcin, calcium, and alkaline phosphatase level. In addition, tibia bone was isolated to determine bone oxidative stress markers, cortical bone thickness, and density of osteoblast. The combined extract decreased oxidative stress and osteoclast density but increased osteoblast density and cortical thickness. The elevation of serum calcium, alkaline phosphatase, and osteocalcin was also observed. These results suggested the antiosteoporotic effect of the combined extract via the increased growth formation together with the suppression of bone resorption. However, further studies concerning chronic toxicity and the underlying mechanism are required.
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31
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Ma HP, Ma XN, Ge BF, Zhen P, Zhou J, Gao YH, Xian CJ, Chen KM. Icariin attenuates hypoxia-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in osteoblasts and preserves their osteogenic differentiation potential in vitro. Cell Prolif 2014; 47:527-39. [PMID: 25355404 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Icariin, a prenylated flavonol glycoside isolated from traditional Chinese medicinal herb of the genus Epimedium, has been demonstrated to be a potential alternative therapy for osteoporosis, and its action mechanism so far has been mainly attributed to its phytoestrogenic property. As blood supply to bone is considerably reduced with ageing and by the menopause, we hypothesized that icariin treatment would reduce bone loss by preventing ischaemia-induced hypoxic damages to bone. MATERIALS AND METHODS To investigate effects of icariin treatment on cultured rat calvarial osteoblasts exposed to hypoxic conditions (2% oxygen). RESULTS Compared to normoxic control, cell viability decreased with time to 50% by 48 h in the hypoxic group, and icariin attenuated the reduction, dose dependently, with 10(-6) and 10(-5) m concentrations showing significant protective effects. Icariin also inhibited increase of lactate dehydrogenase activity in culture media. Measurements on oxidative stress, cell cycling and cell survival indicated that icariin protected osteoblasts by reducing production of reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde, increasing superoxide dismutase activity, arresting the cell cycle and inhibiting apoptosis. Icariin also preserved osteogenic differentiation potential of the hypoxic cells in a dose-dependent manner, compared to the hypoxia alone group, as revealed by increased levels of RUNX-2, OSX and BMP-2 gene expression, alkaline phosphatase activity, and formation of mineralized nodules. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrated that icariin attenuated oxidative stress and apoptosis and preserved viability and osteogenic potential of osteoblasts exposed to hypoxia in vitro, and suggested that its anti-osteoporotic effect may be attributed to its anti-hypoxic activity and phytoestrogenic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- H-P Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, Lanzhou General Hospital, Lanzhou Command of CPLA, Lanzhou, 730050, China
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Effendy NM, Shuid AN. Time and dose-dependent effects of Labisia pumila on bone oxidative status of postmenopausal osteoporosis rat model. Nutrients 2014; 6:3288-302. [PMID: 25195641 PMCID: PMC4145309 DOI: 10.3390/nu6083288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Revised: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Postmenopausal osteoporosis can be associated with oxidative stress and deterioration of antioxidant enzymes. It is mainly treated with estrogen replacement therapy (ERT). Although effective, ERT may cause adverse effects such as breast cancer and pulmonary embolism. Labisia pumila var. alata (LP), a herb used traditionally for women’s health was found to protect against estrogen-deficient osteoporosis. An extensive study was conducted in a postmenopausal osteoporosis rat model using several LP doses and duration of treatments to determine if anti-oxidative mechanisms were involved in its bone protective effects. Ninety-six female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into six groups; baseline group (BL), sham-operated (Sham), ovariectomised control (OVXC), ovariectomised (OVX) and given 64.5 μg/kg of Premarin (ERT), ovariectomised and given 20 mg/kg of LP (LP20) and ovariectomised and given 100 mg/kg of LP (LP100). The groups were further subdivided to receive their respective treatments via daily oral gavages for three, six or nine weeks of treatment periods. Following euthanization, the femora were dissected out for bone oxidative measurements which include superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. Results: The SOD levels of the sham-operated and all the treatment groups were significantly higher than the OVX groups at all treatment periods. The GPx level of ERT and LP100 groups at the 9th week of treatment were significantly higher than the baseline and OVX groups. MDA level of the OVX group was significantly higher than all the other groups at weeks 6 and 9. The LP20 and LP100 groups at the 9th week of treatment had significantly lower MDA levels than the ERT group. There were no significant differences between LP20 and LP100 for all parameters. Thus, LP supplementations at both doses, which showed the best results at 9 weeks, may reduce oxidative stress which in turn may prevent bone loss via its anti-oxidative property.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Mohd Effendy
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Ahmad Nazrun Shuid
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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33
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Kaume L, Gbur EE, DiBrezzo R, Howard LR, Devareddy L. Antioxidant-rich berries exert modest bone protective effects in postmenopausal smokers without improving biomarkers of bone metabolism. J Funct Foods 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2014.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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34
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Marie PJ. Bone cell senescence: mechanisms and perspectives. J Bone Miner Res 2014; 29:1311-21. [PMID: 24496911 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Revised: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Age-related bone loss is in large part the consequence of senescence mechanisms that impact bone cell number and function. In recent years, progress has been made in the understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying bone cell senescence that contributes to the alteration of skeletal integrity during aging. These mechanisms can be classified as intrinsic senescence processes, alterations in endogenous anabolic factors, and changes in local support. Intrinsic senescence mechanisms cause cellular dysfunctions that are not tissue specific and include telomere shortening, accumulation of oxidative damage, impaired DNA repair, and altered epigenetic mechanisms regulating gene transcription. Aging mechanisms that are more relevant to the bone microenvironment include alterations in the expression and signaling of local growth factors and altered intercellular communications. This review provides an integrated overview of the current concepts and interacting mechanisms underlying bone cell senescence during aging and how they could be targeted to reduce the negative impact of senescence in the aging skeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre J Marie
- Inserm UMR-1132, Paris, France; University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this study, we have investigated the role of zinc supplementation (a nutritional antioxidant) in an ovariectomized osteopenic rat model. METHODS Forty-eight female Wistar rats were assigned to four groups: control, zinc, ovariectomy (OVX), and OVX + zinc. Analysis was performed to compare the study groups on bone metabolism markers, bone antioxidant enzymes, and zinc and copper levels in serum and bone tissues. Electron microscopy was also performed to assess morphological changes. RESULTS Estradiol levels decreased and tartarate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b levels increased in the OVX group. In the OVX + zinc group, these levels were regulated; however, estradiol levels were still significantly lower than those in controls. The OVX group showed significantly higher urinary excretion of hydroxyproline, which recovered upon zinc supplementation but was higher than normal levels. The activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase decreased in ovariectomized animals and up-regulated upon zinc supplementation. Zinc supplementation in the OVX group revoked reduced glutathione levels and elevated malondialdehyde levels. Reduction in zinc and copper levels was observed in the bone tissues and serum of the OVX group. Zinc administration restored these levels to normal. Electron microscopic studies revealed a looser structure and resorbed areas in ovariectomized rat cortical bone. Zinc administration restored bone tissue morphology. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that changes in cortical bone attributed to estrogen deficiency are arrested by zinc supplementation, which can be a sustainable approach to improving bone health.
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El Wakf AM, Hassan HA, Gharib NS. Osteoprotective effect of soybean and sesame oils in ovariectomized rats via estrogen-like mechanism. Cytotechnology 2014; 66:335-43. [PMID: 23748642 PMCID: PMC3918270 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-013-9580-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2013] [Accepted: 04/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to investigate the osteoprotective effects of soybean oil (SbO) and sesame oil (SO) in ovarictomized (OVX) rats. The results indicated that the OVX rats exhibited a significant decrease in Ca and P level in both serum and bone, the activities of the antioxidant enzymes SOD and CAT and the antioxidant biomarker GSH accompanied with a marked increase in the oxidative stress markers MDA and PC, the inflammatory indices (TNF-α, CRP levels, WBCs counts and ACP activity) in, both, bone and serum. Supplementating the diet of the OVX rats with SbO (15 % w/w) or SO (10 % w/w) for 2 months to resulted in modulation of the alterations in all tested parameters and succeeded to restore minerals, antioxidant enzymes, antioxidant biomarkers, oxidative stress markers, inflammatory indices, and WBCs counts. It could be concluded that the consumption of diets supplemented with SbO or SO might be useful for preventing bone loss caused by estrogen deficiency in ovariectomy status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azza M. El Wakf
- Physiology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Hanaa A. Hassan
- Physiology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Nermin S. Gharib
- Physiology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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37
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Nollet M, Santucci-Darmanin S, Breuil V, Al-Sahlanee R, Cros C, Topi M, Momier D, Samson M, Pagnotta S, Cailleteau L, Battaglia S, Farlay D, Dacquin R, Barois N, Jurdic P, Boivin G, Heymann D, Lafont F, Lu SS, Dempster DW, Carle GF, Pierrefite-Carle V. Autophagy in osteoblasts is involved in mineralization and bone homeostasis. Autophagy 2014; 10:1965-77. [PMID: 25484092 PMCID: PMC4502694 DOI: 10.4161/auto.36182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 281] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone remodeling is a tightly controlled mechanism in which osteoblasts (OB), the cells responsible for bone formation, osteoclasts (OC), the cells specialized for bone resorption, and osteocytes, the multifunctional mechanosensing cells embedded in the bone matrix, are the main actors. Increased oxidative stress in OB, the cells producing and mineralizing bone matrix, has been associated with osteoporosis development but the role of autophagy in OB has not yet been addressed. This is the goal of the present study. We first show that the autophagic process is induced in OB during mineralization. Then, using knockdown of autophagy-essential genes and OB-specific autophagy-deficient mice, we demonstrate that autophagy deficiency reduces mineralization capacity. Moreover, our data suggest that autophagic vacuoles could be used as vehicles in OB to secrete apatite crystals. In addition, autophagy-deficient OB exhibit increased oxidative stress and secretion of the receptor activator of NFKB1 (TNFSF11/RANKL), favoring generation of OC, the cells specialized in bone resorption. In vivo, we observed a 50% reduction in trabecular bone mass in OB-specific autophagy-deficient mice. Taken together, our results show for the first time that autophagy in OB is involved both in the mineralization process and in bone homeostasis. These findings are of importance for mineralized tissues which extend from corals to vertebrates and uncover new therapeutic targets for calcified tissue-related metabolic pathologies.
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Key Words
- ACP5/TRAP, acid phosphatase 5, tartrate resistant
- BECN1, Beclin 1, autophagy-related
- BV, bone volume
- Baf, bafilomycin A1
- Col1A, collagen, type I, α 1
- HRTEM, high resolution transmission electron microscopy
- MAP1LC3 (LC3), microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3
- OB, osteoblast
- OC, osteoclast
- PBS, phosphate-buffered saline
- RNA, ribonucleic acid
- RUNX2, runt-related transcription factor 2
- SAED, selected area electron diffraction
- SPP1/OPN, secreted phosphoprotein 1
- TNFSF11/RANKL, tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily, member 11
- TUBB, tubulin, beta
- TV, total volume
- autophagy
- bone remodeling
- mineralization
- osteoblast
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Nollet
- UMR E-4320 MATOs CEA/iBEB/SBTN-CAL; Université Nice Sophia Antipolis; Faculté de Médecine; Nice, France
| | - Sabine Santucci-Darmanin
- UMR E-4320 MATOs CEA/iBEB/SBTN-CAL; Université Nice Sophia Antipolis; Faculté de Médecine; Nice, France
| | - Véronique Breuil
- UMR E-4320 MATOs CEA/iBEB/SBTN-CAL; Université Nice Sophia Antipolis; Faculté de Médecine; Nice, France
- Service de Rhumatologie; CHU de Nice; Nice, France
| | - Rasha Al-Sahlanee
- UMR E-4320 MATOs CEA/iBEB/SBTN-CAL; Université Nice Sophia Antipolis; Faculté de Médecine; Nice, France
| | - Chantal Cros
- UMR E-4320 MATOs CEA/iBEB/SBTN-CAL; Université Nice Sophia Antipolis; Faculté de Médecine; Nice, France
| | - Majlinda Topi
- UMR E-4320 MATOs CEA/iBEB/SBTN-CAL; Université Nice Sophia Antipolis; Faculté de Médecine; Nice, France
| | - David Momier
- UMR E-4320 MATOs CEA/iBEB/SBTN-CAL; Université Nice Sophia Antipolis; Faculté de Médecine; Nice, France
| | - Michel Samson
- UMR E-4320 MATOs CEA/iBEB/SBTN-CAL; Université Nice Sophia Antipolis; Faculté de Médecine; Nice, France
| | - Sophie Pagnotta
- Centre Commun de Microscopie Appliquee; Université Nice Sophia Antipolis; Nice, France
| | - Laurence Cailleteau
- Plateforme Imagerie IRCAN; Faculté de Médecine; Université Nice Sophia Antipolis; Nice, France
| | - Séverine Battaglia
- INSERM UMR 957; Université de Nantes; Equipe labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer 2012; Nantes, France
| | | | - Romain Dacquin
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon; Université de Lyon; CNRS; Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon; Lyon, France
| | - Nicolas Barois
- Plate-forme BICeL-IFR142; Institut Pasteur de Lille; Lille, France
| | - Pierre Jurdic
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon; Université de Lyon; CNRS; Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon; Lyon, France
| | | | - Dominique Heymann
- INSERM UMR 957; Université de Nantes; Equipe labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer 2012; Nantes, France
| | - Frank Lafont
- Plate-forme BICeL-IFR142; Institut Pasteur de Lille; Lille, France
- INSERM U1019 - CNRS UMR 8204; Institut Pasteur de Lille - Univ Lille Nord de France; Lille, France
| | - Shi Shou Lu
- Regional Bone Center; Helen Hayes Hospital; West Havertsraw, NY USA
| | - David W Dempster
- Regional Bone Center; Helen Hayes Hospital; West Havertsraw, NY USA
| | - Georges F Carle
- UMR E-4320 MATOs CEA/iBEB/SBTN-CAL; Université Nice Sophia Antipolis; Faculté de Médecine; Nice, France
| | - Valérie Pierrefite-Carle
- UMR E-4320 MATOs CEA/iBEB/SBTN-CAL; Université Nice Sophia Antipolis; Faculté de Médecine; Nice, France
- Correspondence to: Valérie Pierrefite-Carle;
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Ahn SH, Lee SH, Kim BJ, Lim KH, Bae SJ, Kim EH, Kim HK, Choe JW, Koh JM, Kim GS. Higher serum uric acid is associated with higher bone mass, lower bone turnover, and lower prevalence of vertebral fracture in healthy postmenopausal women. Osteoporos Int 2013; 24:2961-70. [PMID: 23644878 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-013-2377-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Accepted: 04/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Higher serum uric acid (UA) was associated with higher bone mass, lower bone turnover, and lower prevalence of vertebral fracture in postmenopausal women. Furthermore, UA suppressed osteoclastogenesis and decreased production of reactive oxygen species in osteoclast precursors, indicating UA may have beneficial effects on bone metabolism as an antioxidant. INTRODUCTION UA is known to play a physiological role as an antioxidant, and oxidative stress has detrimental effects on bone metabolism. In the present study, we investigated the association of serum UA level with the osteoporosis-related phenotypes and its direct effect on bone-resorbing osteoclasts using in vitro systems. METHODS This is a large cross-sectional study, including 7,502 healthy postmenopausal women. Bone mineral density (BMD) and serum UA concentrations were obtained from all subjects. Data on bone turnover markers and lateral thoracolumbar radiographs were available for 1,023 and 6,918 subjects, respectively. An in vitro study investigated osteoclastogenesis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels according to UA treatment. RESULTS After adjusting for multiple confounders, serum UA levels were positively associated with BMD at all sites (all p < 0.001). Compared with the participants in the highest UA quartile, the odds for osteoporosis were 40 % higher in those in the lowest quartile. The serum UA levels were inversely related to both serum C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen and osteocalcin levels (p < 0.001 and p = 0.004, respectively). Consistently, subjects with vertebral fracture had lower serum UA levels, compared with those without it (p = 0.009). An in vitro study showed that UA decreased osteoclastogenesis in a dose-dependent manner and reduced the production of ROS in osteoclast precursors. CONCLUSION These results provide epidemiological and experimental evidence that serum UA may have a beneficial effect on bone metabolism as an antioxidant in postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Ahn
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 388-1 Poongnap2-Dong, Songpa-Gu, Seoul, 138-736, Republic of Korea
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Kim EJ, Bu SY, Sung MK, Kang MH, Choi MK. Analysis of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of silicon in murine macrophages. Biol Trace Elem Res 2013; 156:329-37. [PMID: 24092518 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-013-9829-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to investigate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of silicon (Si) in the RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cell line. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was used to induce inflammatory conditions, and cells were treated with 0, 1, 5, 10, 25, 50, and 100 μM Si in the form of sodium metasilicate. Tert-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ), a well-known antioxidative substance, was used as a positive control to assess the degree of antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties of Si. Sodium metasilicate at 100 μM suppressed LPS-induced nitric oxide generation from macrophages 36 h after treatment. In addition, 50 μM sodium metasilicate decreased interleukin-6 production, and the degree of suppression was comparable to that of 10 μM TBHQ treatment. LPS-induced messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of tumor necrosis factor-α and inducible nitric oxide synthase was significantly decreased by 1, 5, 10, and 50 μM sodium metasilicate. Cyclooxygenase-2 mRNA expression was also suppressed by 1, 5, 25, and 50 μM sodium metasilicate. Based on these data, Si has the ability to suppress the production of inflammatory cytokines and mediators, possibly through the suppression of radical scavenger activity and down-regulation of gene expression of inflammatory mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Jin Kim
- Division of Food Science, Kongju National University, Yesan, 340-702, South Korea
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Muhammad SI, Maznah I, Mahmud RB, Esmaile MF, Zuki ABZ. Bone mass density estimation: Archimede's principle versus automatic X-ray histogram and edge detection technique in ovariectomized rats treated with germinated brown rice bioactives. Clin Interv Aging 2013; 8:1421-31. [PMID: 24187491 PMCID: PMC3810202 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s49704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Bone mass density is an important parameter used in the estimation of the severity and depth of lesions in osteoporosis. Estimation of bone density using existing methods in experimental models has its advantages as well as drawbacks. Materials and methods In this study, the X-ray histogram edge detection technique was used to estimate the bone mass density in ovariectomized rats treated orally with germinated brown rice (GBR) bioactives, and the results were compared with estimated results obtained using Archimede’s principle. New bone cell proliferation was assessed by histology and immunohistochemical reaction using polyclonal nuclear antigen. Additionally, serum alkaline phosphatase activity, serum and bone calcium and zinc concentrations were detected using a chemistry analyzer and atomic absorption spectroscopy. Rats were divided into groups of six as follows: sham (nonovariectomized, nontreated); ovariectomized, nontreated; and ovariectomized and treated with estrogen, or Remifemin®, GBR-phenolics, acylated steryl glucosides, gamma oryzanol, and gamma amino-butyric acid extracted from GBR at different doses. Results Our results indicate a significant increase in alkaline phosphatase activity, serum and bone calcium, and zinc and ash content in the treated groups compared with the ovariectomized nontreated group (P < 0.05). Bone density increased significantly (P < 0.05) in groups treated with estrogen, GBR, Remifemin®, and gamma oryzanol compared to the ovariectomized nontreated group. Histological sections revealed more osteoblasts in the treated groups when compared with the untreated groups. A polyclonal nuclear antigen reaction showing proliferating new cells was observed in groups treated with estrogen, Remifemin®, GBR, acylated steryl glucosides, and gamma oryzanol. There was a good correlation between bone mass densities estimated using Archimede’s principle and the edge detection technique between the treated groups (r2 = 0.737, P = 0.004). Conclusion Our study shows that GBR bioactives increase bone density, which might be via the activation of zinc formation and increased calcium content, and that X-ray edge detection technique is effective in the measurement of bone density and can be employed effectively in this respect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sani Ismaila Muhammad
- Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Bioscience, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria ; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
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Pacifici R. Osteoimmunology and its implications for transplantation. Am J Transplant 2013; 13:2245-54. [PMID: 23915249 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.12380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Revised: 05/08/2013] [Accepted: 05/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Osteoimmunology is a field of research dedicated to the study of the interactions between the immune system, the hemopoietic system and bone. Among the cells of the immune system that regulate bone cells and the hemopoietic function are T lymphocytes. These cells secrete inflammatory cytokines that promote bone resorption, as well as Wnt ligands that stimulate bone formation. In addition, T cells regulate bone homeostasis by cross talking with BM stromal cells and osteoblastic cells via CD40 ligand (CD40L) and other costimulatory molecules. This article describes the immune cells relevant to bone and the hemopoietic function, reviews the role of lymphocytes as mediators of the effects of PTH and estrogen in bone and the hemopoietic system and discusses the implication of osteoimmunology for transplant medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Pacifici
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipids, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Immunology and Molecular Pathogenesis Program, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
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Almeida M, O'Brien CA. Basic biology of skeletal aging: role of stress response pathways. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2013; 68:1197-208. [PMID: 23825036 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glt079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Although a decline in bone formation and loss of bone mass are common features of human aging, the molecular mechanisms mediating these effects have remained unclear. Evidence from pharmacological and genetic studies in mice has provided support for a deleterious effect of oxidative stress in bone and has strengthened the idea that an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) with advancing age represents a pathophysiological mechanism underlying age-related bone loss. Mesenchymal stem cells and osteocytes are long-lived cells and, therefore, are more susceptible than other types of bone cells to the molecular changes caused by aging, including increased levels of ROS and decreased autophagy. However, short-lived cells like osteoblast progenitors and mature osteoblasts and osteoclasts are also affected by the altered aged environment characterized by lower levels of sex steroids, increased endogenous glucocorticoids, and higher oxidized lipids. This article reviews current knowledge on the effects of the aging process on bone, with particular emphasis on the role of ROS and autophagy in cells of the osteoblast lineage in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Almeida
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and the Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, AR 72205.
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Wang D, Haile A, Jones LC. Dexamethasone-induced lipolysis increases the adverse effect of adipocytes on osteoblasts using cells derived from human mesenchymal stem cells. Bone 2013; 53:520-30. [PMID: 23328495 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2013.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2012] [Revised: 12/04/2012] [Accepted: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The increased bone marrow lipid deposition in steroid-associated bone loss diseases indicates that abnormalities in fat metabolism are associated with disease development. Recent studies have suggested that bone marrow adipocytes are secretory cells and that they may release substances that have an inhibitory effect on the differentiation and function of osteoblasts. We hypothesized that exposure of bone-marrow-derived adipocytes to corticosteroids exacerbates their deleterious effects on osteoblast metabolism and function. Adipocytes and osteoblasts derived from a human mesenchymal stem cell line (240L) were co-cultured in the absence of direct cell contact with or without dexamethasone treatment. After 6days of co-culture, osteoblasts demonstrated significantly lower levels of function based on lower mineralization, alkaline phosphatase activity and expression of osteogenic (Runx2, osteocalcin) mRNA marker. Dexamethasone treatment resulted in significantly lower levels of osteoblastic function compared with co-cultured cells without dexamethasone. Furthermore, conditioned media from dexamethasone-treated adipocytes induced a similar toxic effect and increased apoptosis involving activation of caspases 3/7 compared with conditioned media without dexamethasone treatment. Within the conditioned media, a substantial increase in the levels of leptin and two saturated fatty acids (FAs; stearate and palmitate) was observed after dexamethasone treatment. Although leptin supplementation failed to induce the inhibitory effect on osteoblasts, similar toxic results were produced with stearate and palmitate treatment, and an increase in intracellular reactive oxygen species was observed. Stearate- and palmitate-induced apoptosis was blocked by a reactive oxygen species scavenger pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate. These data show that saturated FAs secreted from adipocytes induce lipotoxic effects via mechanisms that may involve reactive oxygen species accumulation in osteoblasts. Our results suggest that inhibition of saturated FA secretion would protect osteoblasts against adipocytes in corticosteroid-associated bone loss diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongqing Wang
- Johns Hopkins Orthopaedics at Good Samaritan Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Romagnoli C, Marcucci G, Favilli F, Zonefrati R, Mavilia C, Galli G, Tanini A, Iantomasi T, Brandi ML, Vincenzini MT. Role of GSH/GSSG redox couple in osteogenic activity and osteoclastogenic markers of human osteoblast-like SaOS-2 cells. FEBS J 2012; 280:867-79. [PMID: 23176170 DOI: 10.1111/febs.12075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2012] [Revised: 10/29/2012] [Accepted: 11/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
This study comprised a comprehensive analysis of the glutathione (GSH) redox system during osteogenic differentiation in human osteoblast-like SaOS-2 cells. For the first time, a clear relationship between expression of specific factors involved in bone remodeling and the changes in the GSH/oxidized GSH (GSSG) redox couple induced during the early phases of the differentiation and mineralization process is shown. The findings show that the time course of differentiation is characterized by a decrease in the GSH/GSSG ratio, and this behavior is also related to the expression of osteoclastogenic markers. Maintenance of a high GSH/GSSG ratio due to GSH exposure in the early phase of this process increases mRNA levels of osteogenic differentiation markers and mineralization. Conversely, these events are decreased by a low GSH/GSSG ratio in a reversible manner. Redox regulation of runt-related transcription factor-2 (RUNX-2) activation through phosphorylation is shown. An inverse relationship between RUNX-2 activation and extracellular signal-regulated kinases related to GSH redox potential is observed. The GSH/GSSG redox couple also affects osteoclastogenesis, mainly through osteoprotegerin down-regulation with an increase in the ratio of receptor activator of NF-κB ligand to osteoprotegerin and vice versa. No redox regulation of receptor activator of NF-κB ligand expression was found. These results indicate that the GSH/GSSG redox couple may have a pivotal role in bone remodeling and bone redox-dysregulated diseases. They suggest therapeutic use of compounds that are able to modulate not just the GSH level but the intracellular redox system through the GSH/GSSG redox couple.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Romagnoli
- Department of Biochemical Science, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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Virgin coconut oil supplementation prevents bone loss in osteoporosis rat model. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2012; 2012:237236. [PMID: 23024690 PMCID: PMC3457741 DOI: 10.1155/2012/237236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2012] [Revised: 08/12/2012] [Accepted: 08/14/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress and free radicals have been implicated in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis. Therefore, antioxidant compounds have the potential to be used in the prevention and treatment of the disease. In this study, we investigated the effects of virgin coconut oil (VCO) on bone microarchitecture in a postmenopausal osteoporosis rat model. VCO is a different form of coconut oil as it is rich with antioxidants. Three-month-old female rats were randomly grouped into baseline, sham-operated, ovariectomized control (Ovx), and ovariectomized rats fed with 8% VCO in their diet for six weeks (Ovx+VCO). Bone histomorphometry of the right femora was carried out at the end of the study. Rats supplemented with VCO had a significantly greater bone volume and trabecular number while trabecular separation was lower than the Ovx group. In conclusion, VCO was effective in maintaining bone structure and preventing bone loss in estrogen-deficient rat model.
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Li J, Hou Y, Zhang S, Ji H, Rong H, Qu G, Liu S. Excess iron undermined bone load-bearing capacity through tumor necrosis factor-α-dependent osteoclastic activation in mice. Biomed Rep 2012; 1:85-88. [PMID: 24648899 DOI: 10.3892/br.2012.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2012] [Accepted: 07/31/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron overload has been associated with bone mass loss. To elucidate the effects of excess iron on bone metabolism, an iron-overloading mouse model was established by administering iron-dextran at 250 mg/kg to female BALB/c mice. After 4 weeks, the mice were sacrificed and the biomechanical properties of the femurs were examined. The results suggested a notable decrease of the maximal bending stress and the modulus of bending elasticity in the femurs obtained from the excess iron-treated mice compared to the control mice. The levels of the serum osteocalcin, C-telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX-1) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were measured in order to investigate the underlying mechanism responsible for the excess iron-induced bone strength reduction. Overall, the results suggested that iron overload resulted in a marked reduction of bone load-bearing capacity through a TNF-triggered osteoclast differentiation and resorption mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junping Li
- Shandong Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan 250062; ; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, P.R. China
| | - Yanli Hou
- Shandong Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan 250062; ; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, P.R. China
| | - Shuping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, P.R. China
| | - Hong Ji
- Shandong Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan 250062
| | - Haiqin Rong
- Shandong Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan 250062
| | - Guangbo Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, P.R. China
| | - Sijin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, P.R. China
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The effects of virgin coconut oil on bone oxidative status in ovariectomised rat. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2012; 2012:525079. [PMID: 22927879 PMCID: PMC3426286 DOI: 10.1155/2012/525079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2012] [Accepted: 07/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Virgin coconut oil (VCO) was found to have antioxidant property due to its high polyphenol content. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the virgin coconut oil on lipid peroxidation in the bone of an osteoporotic rat model. Normal female Sprague-Dawley rats aged 3 months old were randomly divided into 4 groups, with 8 rats in each group: baseline, sham, ovariectomised (OVX) control group, and OVX given 8% VCO in the diet for six weeks. The oxidative status of the bone was assessed by measuring the index of lipid peroxidation, which is malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration, as well as the endogenous antioxidant enzymes glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the tibia at the end of the study. The results showed that there was a significant decrease in MDA levels in the OVX-VCO group compared to control group. Ovariectomised rats treated with VCO also had significantly higher GPX concentration. The SOD level seemed to be increased in the OVX-VCO group compared to OVX-control group. In conclusion, VCO prevented lipid peroxidation and increased the antioxidant enzymes in the osteoporotic rat model.
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Abstract
Advancing age and loss of bone mass and strength are closely linked. Elevated osteoblast and osteocyte apoptosis and decreased osteoblast number characterize the age-related skeletal changes in humans and rodents. Similar to other tissues, oxidative stress increases in bone with age. This article reviews current knowledge on the effects of the aging process on bone and its cellular constituents, with particular emphasis on the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS). FoxOs, sirtuins and the p53/p66shc signaling cascade alter osteoblast number and bone formation via ROS-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Specifically, activation of the p53/p66shc signaling increases osteoblast/osteocyte apoptosis in the aged skeleton and decreases bone mass. FoxO activation in osteoblasts prevents oxidative stress to preserve skeletal homeostasis. However, while defending against stress FoxOs bind to β-catenin and attenuate Wnt/T-cell cell factor transcriptional activity and osteoblast generation. Thus, pathways that impact longevity and several diseases of ageing might also contribute to age-related osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Almeida
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Pacifici
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipids, Department of Medicine, and Immunology and Molecular Pathogenesis Program, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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Liu H, Sun JC, Zhao ZT, Zhang JM, Xu H, Li GS. Fluoride-induced oxidative stress in three-dimensional culture of OS732 cells and rats. Biol Trace Elem Res 2011; 143:446-56. [PMID: 20972717 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-010-8881-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2010] [Accepted: 10/10/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to excessive fluoride poses a threat to human health, including increased susceptibility to developing the skeletal fluorosis. Despite its recognized importance as an endemic disease, little is known about how fluoride directly impacts on osteoblasts. We previously reported that fluoride-stimulating monolayer-cultured osteoblast proliferation or inhibiting cell viability depended on fluoride-exposure concentration and period, both accompanied with active oxidative stress. The purpose of this study was to provide extra insight into skeletal fluorosis by comparing their regulation of oxidative stress in rats and OS732 cells (a human osteoblast-like cell line) cultured in the three-dimensional approach. Our in vivo and in vitro studies proved that exposure to fluoride promoted varying extents of oxidative stress. Three-dimensional cultured OS732 cells revealed the action of fluoride on cell viability from excitatory to inhibitory trend according to fluoride-exposure concentration and time. The study provided insight into the mechanism of skeletal fluorosis. Also, this study distinguished itself by identifying oxidative stress as a potential modulator of osteogenesis in skeletal fluorosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liu
- Department of Endemic Diseases, Jilin University, 1163 Xinmin Street, Changchun 130021, People's Republic of China
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