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Hansdah K, Lui JC. Emerging Insights into the Endocrine Regulation of Bone Homeostasis by Gut Microbiome. J Endocr Soc 2024; 8:bvae117. [PMID: 38957653 PMCID: PMC11215793 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvae117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota plays an important role in the regulation of bone homeostasis and bone health. Recent studies showed that these effects could be mediated through microbial metabolites released by the microbiota like short-chain fatty acids, metabolism of endogenous molecules such as bile acids, or a complex interplay between microbiota, the endocrine system, and the immune system. Importantly, some studies showed a reciprocal relationship between the endocrine system and gut microbiota. For instance, postmenopausal estrogen deficiency could lead to dysbiosis of the gut microbiota, which could in turn affect various immune response and bone remodeling. In addition, evidence showed that shift in the indigenous gut microbiota caused by antibiotics treatment may also impact normal skeletal growth and maturation. In this mini-review, we describe recent findings on the role of microbiome in bone homeostasis, with a particular focus on molecular mechanisms and their interactions with the endocrine and immune system. We will also discuss the recent findings on estrogen deficiency and microbiota dysbiosis, and the clinical implications for the development of new therapeutic strategies for osteoporosis and other bone disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirtal Hansdah
- Section on Growth and Development, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Julian C Lui
- Section on Growth and Development, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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2
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Jiang A, Gao S, Zhao Z, Tan Q, Sun S, Song C, Leng H. Phenotype changes of subchondral plate osteoblasts based on a rat model of ovariectomy-induced osteoarthritis. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:476. [PMID: 32395520 PMCID: PMC7210138 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2020.03.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Osteoarthritis (OA) is prevalent in postmenopausal women. Subchondral bone in ovariectomized (OVX) rats might play a more important role in cartilage degeneration compared with other types of OA. How subchondral osteoblast changes in OVX rats is still unclear. Understanding of osteoblast changes obtained from OVX subchondral bone might be helpful to clarify pathogenesis of OVX-OA. Methods Female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into two groups: Sham (n=20) and OVX (n=20). Serum levels of Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and C-telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX-I) were measured every one or two weeks. All rats were executed at week 9 post surgery. The weight of rats and the wet weight of uterus were assessed. Micro-computed Tomography (micro-CT) was used to analyze the knee microstructure, and toluidine blue staining was employed to evaluate cartilage erosion. Subchondral osteoblast proliferation ability by cell counting kit-8 assay, osteogenic genes expressions by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), differentiation and mineralization ability by ALP staining and alizarin red staining were evaluated and compared between Sham and OVX. Results Ovariectomy induced significant increases of serum ALP and CTX-I as early as at week 2. At week 9 after surgery, the body weight of OVX rats was significantly increased, and uterus weight of OVX rats was remarkably decreased. OVX rats demonstrated significant subchondral bone change and cartilage erosion compared with Sham rats. mRNA levels of early markers of osteogenic differentiation (ALP, type I collagen, Runx2) were enhanced in OVX rats, but the late marker (osteocalcin) was not significantly different. ALP activity of osteoblasts increased, but the mineralization capacity decreased in OVX rats. Conclusions Subchondral osteoblasts in OVX rats exhibited different proliferation, differentiation and mineralization abilities from normal counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Jiang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Shan Gao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zhenda Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Qizhao Tan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Shang Sun
- Department of Orthopaedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Chunli Song
- Department of Orthopaedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China.,Beijing Key Lab of Spine Diseases, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Huijie Leng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
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3
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Camp E, Pribadi C, Anderson PJ, Zannettino AC, Gronthos S. miRNA-376c-3p Mediates TWIST-1 Inhibition of Bone Marrow-Derived Stromal Cell Osteogenesis and Can Reduce Aberrant Bone Formation of TWIST-1 Haploinsufficient Calvarial Cells. Stem Cells Dev 2018; 27:1621-1633. [DOI: 10.1089/scd.2018.0083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Esther Camp
- Mesenchymal Stem Cell Laboratory, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Clara Pribadi
- Mesenchymal Stem Cell Laboratory, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Peter J. Anderson
- Mesenchymal Stem Cell Laboratory, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
- Australian Craniofacial Unit, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Adelaide Medical School and Dentistry, Women's and Children's Hospital, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Andrew C.W. Zannettino
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
- Myeloma Research Laboratory, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Stan Gronthos
- Mesenchymal Stem Cell Laboratory, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
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Abstract
Prenatal hypoxia causes intrauterine growth retardation. It is unclear whether/how hypoxia affects the bone in fetal and offspring life. This study showed that prenatal hypoxia retarded fetal skeletal growth in rats, inhibited extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis and down-regulated of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) signaling in fetal growth plate chondrocytes in vivo and in vitro. In addition, ovariectomized (OVX) was used for study of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Compared with the control, OVX offspring in prenatal hypoxic group showed an enhanced osteoporosis in the femurs, associated with reduced proteoglycan and IGF1 signaling. The results indicated prenatal hypoxia not only delayed fetal skeletal growth, but also increased OVX-induced osteoporosis in the elder offspring probably through down-regulated IGF1 signaling and inhibition of ECM synthesis, providing important information of prenatal hypoxia on functional and molecular bone growth and metabolism in fetal and offspring.
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Abstract
In humans, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), secreted mainly from the adrenal cortex, and its sulfate ester, DHEAS, are the most abundant circulating steroids. DHEA/DHEAS possess pleiotropic effects in human aging, bone, metabolic diseases, neurologic function/neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, immune system and disorders, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, muscle function, sexual dysfunction, and other health conditions. The age-related reduced levels of DHEA and DHEAS are associated with bone mineral density measures of osteopenia and osteoporosis. Clinical, epidemiological, and experimental studies indicate that DHEA replacement therapy may be beneficial for bone health through its inhibition of skeletal catabolic IL-6 and stimulation of osteoanabolic IGF-I-mediated mechanisms. Studies with primary cultures of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) were used to show that DHEA stimulates osteoblastogenesis. The in vitro stimulation of both osteoblastogenesis and IGF-I gene expression by DHEA in hMSCs requires IGF-I receptor, PI3K, p38 MAPK, or p42/44 MAPK signaling pathways. The in vitro inhibition of IL-6 secretion in hMSCs by DHEA was more consistent and extensive than by estradiol or dihydrotestosterone. In summary, evidence from us and others indicates that DHEA may be useful for treating bone diseases through its inhibition of skeletal catabolic IL-6 and stimulation of anabolic IGF-I-mediated mechanisms.
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Tian F, Wang Y, Bikle DD. IGF-1 signaling mediated cell-specific skeletal mechano-transduction. J Orthop Res 2018; 36:576-583. [PMID: 28980721 PMCID: PMC5839951 DOI: 10.1002/jor.23767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical loading preserves bone mass and stimulates bone formation, whereas skeletal unloading leads to bone loss. In addition to osteocytes, which are considered the primary sensor of mechanical load, osteoblasts, and bone specific mesenchymal stem cells also are involved. The skeletal response to mechanical signals is a complex process regulated by multiple signaling pathways including that of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1). Conditional osteocyte deletion of IGF-1 ablates the osteogenic response to mechanical loading. Similarly, osteocyte IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R) expression is necessary for reloading-induced periosteal bone formation. Transgenic overexpression of IGF-1 in osteoblasts results in enhanced responsiveness to in vivo mechanical loading in mice, a response which is eliminated by osteoblastic conditional disruption of IGF-1 in vivo. Bone marrow derived stem cells (BMSC) from unloaded bone fail to respond to IGF-1 in vitro. IGF-1R is required for the transduction of a mechanical stimulus to downstream effectors, transduction which is lost when the IGF-1R is deleted. Although the molecular mechanisms are not yet fully elucidated, the IGF signaling pathway and its interactions with potentially interlinked signaling cascades involving integrins, the estrogen receptor, and wnt/β-catenin play an important role in regulating adaptive response of cancer bone cells to mechanical stimuli. In this review, we discuss recent advances investigating how IGF-1 and other interlinked molecules and signaling pathways regulate skeletal mechano-transduction involving different bone cells, providing an overview of the IGF-1 signaling mediated cell-specific response to mechanical stimuli. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:576-583, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faming Tian
- Department of Medicine, Endocrine Research Unit, University of California San Francisco and VA Medical Center, San Francisco,Medical Research Center, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063210, P. R. China
| | - Yongmei Wang
- Department of Medicine, Endocrine Research Unit, University of California San Francisco and VA Medical Center, San Francisco
| | - Daniel D. Bikle
- Department of Medicine, Endocrine Research Unit, University of California San Francisco and VA Medical Center, San Francisco,Corresponding author: 1700 Owens St, San Francisco, CA 94158, , Tel: 415-575-0557, FAX: 415-575-0593
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7
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Huang G, Zhao G, Xia J, Wei Y, Chen F, Chen J, Shi J. FGF2 and FAM201A affect the development of osteonecrosis of the femoral head after femoral neck fracture. Gene 2018; 652:39-47. [PMID: 29382571 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.01.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) is a common orthopedic disease associated with high disability, and femoral neck fracture (FNF) is one of the most common reasons for traumatic ONFH. This study was designed to reveal the mechanisms underlying ONFH. Using fastx_toolkit and prinseq-lite tools, quality control was conducted for the sequencing data. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs, including both mRNAs and lncRNAs) between ONFH and FNF samples were identified using the edgeR package in R, and were then subjected to enrichment analysis using the BioCloud platform. Subsequently, protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks were constructed using Cytoscape software. After the target genes of DE-lncRNAs were predicted based on Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, lncRNA-gene coexpression network was visualized using the Cytoscape software. Furthermore, functional enrichment analysis was carried out for the target genes using the clusterprofiler package in R. Additionally, the key genes were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). A total of 2965 DEGs were identified from the ONFH samples, including 602 DE-lncRNAs (such as downregulated FAM201A). In the PPI networks, eight upregulated genes (including FGF2, IGF1, SOX9, and COL2A1) and 11 downregulated genes were among the top 20 genes according to all of the scores, such as degree centrality, closeness centrality, and betweenness centrality scores. Functional enrichment analysis showed that IGF1, SOX9, and COL2A1 were significantly enriched during skeletal system development. Moreover, qRT-PCR experiments detected the upregulation of FGF2 and downregulation of FAM201A in ONFH samples. FGF2 and FAM201A were correlated with the development of ONFH. Besides, IGF1, SOX9, and COL2A1 might also affect the pathogenesis of ONFH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gangyong Huang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Guanglei Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Jun Xia
- Department of Orthopaedics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Yibing Wei
- Department of Orthopaedics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China.
| | - Feiyan Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Jingsheng Shi
- Department of Orthopaedics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
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8
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Orrù S, Nigro E, Mandola A, Alfieri A, Buono P, Daniele A, Mancini A, Imperlini E. A Functional Interplay between IGF-1 and Adiponectin. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E2145. [PMID: 29036907 PMCID: PMC5666827 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18102145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A functional relationship is suggested between two well-known protein hormones, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and adiponectin. In the last two decades in fact, different experimental evidence has indicated a non-random link between them. Here, we describe briefly the IGF-1 and adiponectin systems, and we then focus on their putative interplay in relation to several pathological conditions, including obesity, diabetes, insulin resistance, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. Although the existing studies are hardly comparable, they definitely indicate a functional connection between these two protein hormones. In conclusion, the current knowledge strongly encourages further research into the common, as well as novel, mechanisms through which IGF-1 and adiponectin exert their concerted action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Orrù
- Dipartimento di Scienze Motorie e del Benessere, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Parthenope", via Medina 40, 80133 Napoli, Italy.
- IRCCS SDN, via E. Gianturco 113, 80142 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Ersilia Nigro
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate S.c.a r.l., Via G. Salvatore 486, 80145 Napoli, Italy.
- Dipartimento di Medicina e di Scienze della Salute "Vincenzo Tiberio" Università degli Studi del Molise, Campobasso, Italy.
| | - Annalisa Mandola
- Dipartimento di Scienze Motorie e del Benessere, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Parthenope", via Medina 40, 80133 Napoli, Italy.
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate S.c.a r.l., Via G. Salvatore 486, 80145 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Andreina Alfieri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Motorie e del Benessere, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Parthenope", via Medina 40, 80133 Napoli, Italy.
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate S.c.a r.l., Via G. Salvatore 486, 80145 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Pasqualina Buono
- Dipartimento di Scienze Motorie e del Benessere, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Parthenope", via Medina 40, 80133 Napoli, Italy.
- IRCCS SDN, via E. Gianturco 113, 80142 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Aurora Daniele
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate S.c.a r.l., Via G. Salvatore 486, 80145 Napoli, Italy.
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali Biologiche Farmaceutiche, Università della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via G. Vivaldi 42, 81100 Caserta, Italy.
| | - Annamaria Mancini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Motorie e del Benessere, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Parthenope", via Medina 40, 80133 Napoli, Italy.
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate S.c.a r.l., Via G. Salvatore 486, 80145 Napoli, Italy.
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Regulation of Osteogenic Differentiation of Placental-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells by Insulin-Like Growth Factors and Low Oxygen Tension. Stem Cells Int 2017; 2017:4576327. [PMID: 29138637 PMCID: PMC5613461 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4576327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Placental mesenchymal stem cells (PMSCs) are multipotent cells that can differentiate in vitro to multiple lineages, including bone. Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs, IGF-1 and IGF-2) participate in maintaining growth, survival, and differentiation of many stem cells, including osteoprogenitors. Low oxygen tension (PO2) can maintain stem cell multipotency and impede osteogenic differentiation. In this study, we investigated whether PMSC osteogenic differentiation is influenced by low PO2 and by IGFs. Our results indicated that low PO2 decreased osteogenic markers RUNX2 and OPN; however, re-exposure to higher oxygen tension (room air) restored differentiation. IGFs, especially IGF-1, triggered an earlier expression of RUNX2 and enhanced OPN and mineralization. RUNX2 was phosphorylated in room air and augmented by IGFs. IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R) was increased in low PO2 and reduced by IGFs, while insulin receptor (IR) was increased in differentiating PMSCs and enhanced by IGF-1. Low PO2 and IGFs maintained higher IR-A which was switched to IR-B in room air. PI3K/AKT was required for osteogenic differentiation, while MEK/ERK was required to repress an RUNX2 and OPN increase in low PO2. Therefore, IGFs, specifically IGF-1, trigger the earlier onset of osteogenic differentiation in room air, whereas, reversibly, low PO2 impedes complete differentiation by maintaining higher multipotency and lower differentiation markers.
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10
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Fallahnezhad S, Piryaei A, Darbandi H, Amini A, Ghoreishi SK, Jalalifirouzkouhi R, Bayat M. Effect of low‐level laser therapy and oxytocin on osteoporotic bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells. J Cell Biochem 2017; 119:983-997. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Somaye Fallahnezhad
- Department of Biology and Anatomical SciencesSchool of MedicineShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Abbas Piryaei
- Department of Biology and Anatomical SciencesSchool of MedicineShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell SciencesSchool of Advanced Technologies in MedicineShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Hasan Darbandi
- Department of ImmunologySchool of MedicineShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Abdollah Amini
- Department of Biology and Anatomical SciencesSchool of MedicineShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | | | | | - Mohammad Bayat
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, and Department of Biology and Anatomical SciencesSchool of MedicineShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
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11
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Corrado A, Maruotti N, Cantatore FP. Osteoblast Role in Rheumatic Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18061272. [PMID: 28617323 PMCID: PMC5486094 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18061272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations in osteoblast growth, differentiation and activity play a role in the pathogenesis of several rheumatic diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, spondyloarthritides, osteoarthritis, and osteoporosis. In fact, in these rheumatic diseases, abnormal activity of Wnt signaling, receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB (RANK)-RANK ligand (RANKL)-osteoprotegerin (OPG) signaling, bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) pathway and other mechanisms have been described in osteoblasts. This review article is focused on current knowledge on the role of osteoblast dysregulation occurring in rheumatic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Addolorata Corrado
- Rheumatology Clinic, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia Medical School, 71122 Foggia, Italy.
| | - Nicola Maruotti
- Rheumatology Clinic, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia Medical School, 71122 Foggia, Italy.
| | - Francesco Paolo Cantatore
- Rheumatology Clinic, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia Medical School, 71122 Foggia, Italy.
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12
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The Roles of Insulin-Like Growth Factors in Mesenchymal Stem Cell Niche. Stem Cells Int 2017; 2017:9453108. [PMID: 28298931 PMCID: PMC5337393 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9453108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Many tissues contain adult mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which may be used in tissue regeneration therapies. However, the MSC availability in most tissues is limited which demands expansion in vitro following isolation. Like many developing cells, the state of MSCs is affected by the surrounding microenvironment, and mimicking this natural microenvironment that supports multipotent or differentiated state in vivo is essential to understand for the successful use of MSC in regenerative therapies. Many researchers are, therefore, optimizing cell culture conditions in vitro by altering growth factors, extracellular matrices, chemicals, oxygen tension, and surrounding pH to enhance stem cells self-renewal or differentiation. Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) system has been demonstrated to play an important role in stem cell biology to either promote proliferation and self-renewal or enhance differentiation onset and outcome, depending on the cell culture conditions. In this review, we will describe the importance of IGFs, IGF-1 and IGF-2, in development and in the MSC niche and how they affect the pluripotency or differentiation towards multiple lineages of the three germ layers.
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13
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Qing F, Xie P, Liem YS, Chen Y, Chen X, Zhu X, Fan Y, Yang X, Zhang X. Administration duration influences the effects of low-magnitude, high-frequency vibration on ovariectomized rat bone. J Orthop Res 2016; 34:1147-57. [PMID: 26662723 DOI: 10.1002/jor.23128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Low-magnitude, high-frequency vibration (LMHFV) has been proposed as a non-drug anti-osteoporosis treatment. However, the influence of administration duration on its effect is seldom investigated. In this study, the effect of 16-week LMHFV (0.3 g, 30 Hz, 20 min/day) on the bone mineral densities (BMDs), bone mechanical properties, and cellular responses of osteoporotic and healthy rats was examined by in vivo peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT), fracture tests, cell assays, and mRNA quantification. Forty-eight adult rats were equally assigned to sham surgery (SHM), sham surgery with LMHFV (SHM+V), ovariectomy (OVX), and ovariectomy with LMHFV (OVX+V) groups. At week 8, LMHFV ameliorated ovariectomy-induced deterioration of trabecular bone, with a significantly higher tibia trabecular BMD (+11.2%) being noted in OVX+V rats (vs. OVX). However, this positive effect was not observed at later time points. Furthermore, 16 weeks of LMHFV caused significant reductions in the vertebral mean BMD (-13.0%), trabecular BMD (-15.7%), and maximum load (-21.5%) in OVX+V rats (vs. OVX). Osteoblasts derived from osteoporotic rat bone explants showed elevated BSP and OSX mRNA expression induced by LMHFV on day 1. However, no further positive effect on osteoblastic mRNA expression, alkaline phosphatase activity, or calcium deposition was observed with prolonged culture time. A higher ratio of RANKL/OPG induced by LMHFV suggests that osteoclastogenesis may be activated. Together, these results demonstrate that administration duration played an important role in the effect of LMHFV. Early exposure to LMHFV can positively modulate osteoporotic bone and osteoblasts; however, the beneficial effect seems not to persist over time. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 34:1147-1157, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangzhu Qing
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China.,University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Pengfei Xie
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Yacincha Selushia Liem
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117576, Singapore
| | - Ying Chen
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Xuening Chen
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Xiangdong Zhu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Yujiang Fan
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China.,Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117576, Singapore
| | - Xingdong Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
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14
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Xi G, Shen X, Rosen CJ, Clemmons DR. IRS-1 Functions as a Molecular Scaffold to Coordinate IGF-I/IGFBP-2 Signaling During Osteoblast Differentiation. J Bone Miner Res 2016; 31:1300-14. [PMID: 26773517 PMCID: PMC5228590 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Revised: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Insulin like growth factor I (IGF-I) and insulin like growth factor binding protein-2 (IGFBP-2) function coordinately to stimulate AKT and osteoblast differentiation. IGFBP-2 binding to receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase β (RPTPβ) stimulates polymerization and inactivation of phosphatase activity. Because phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) is the primary target of RPTPβ, this leads to enhanced PTEN tyrosine phosphorylation and inactivation. However RPTPβ inactivation also requires IGF-I receptor activation. The current studies were undertaken to determine the mechanism by which IGF-I mediates changes in RPTPβ function in osteoblasts. IGFBP-2/IGF-I stimulated vimentin binding to RPTPβ and this was required for RPTPβ polymerization. Vimentin serine phosphorylation mediated its binding to RPTPβ and PKCζ was identified as the kinase that phosphorylated vimentin. To determine the mechanism underlying IGF-I stimulation of PKCζ-mediated vimentin phosphorylation, we focused on insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1). IGF-I stimulated IRS-1 phosphorylation and recruitment of PKCζ and vimentin to phospho-IRS-1. IRS-1 immunoprecipitates containing PKCζ and vimentin were used to confirm that activated PKCζ directly phosphorylated vimentin. PKCζ does not contain a SH-2 domain that is required to bind to phospho-IRS-1. To determine the mechanism of PKCζ recruitment we analyzed the role of p62 (a PKCζ binding protein) that contains a SH2 domain. Exposure to differentiation medium plus IGF-I stimulated PKCζ/p62 association. Subsequent analysis showed the p62/PKCζ complex was co-recruited to IRS-1. Peptides that disrupted p62/PKCζ or p62/IRS-1 inhibited IGF-I/IGFBP-2 stimulated PKCζ activation, vimentin phosphorylation, PTEN tyrosine phosphorylation, AKT activation, and osteoblast differentiation. The importance of these signaling events for differentiation was confirmed in primary mouse calvarial osteoblasts. These results demonstrate the cooperative interaction between RPTPβ and the IGF-I receptor leading to a coordinated series of signaling events that are required for osteoblast differentiation. Our findings emphasize the important role IRS-1 plays in modulating these signaling events and confirm its essential role in facilitating osteoblast differentiation. © 2016 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Xi
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Xinchun Shen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing, China
| | | | - David R Clemmons
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Liang X, Glowacki J, Hahne J, Xie L, LeBoff MS, Zhou S. Dehydroepiandrosterone Stimulation of Osteoblastogenesis in Human MSCs Requires IGF-I Signaling. J Cell Biochem 2016; 117:1769-74. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaonan Liang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery; Brigham and Women's Hospital; Harvard Medical School; Boston Massachusetts
- Department of Orthopedic Trauma and Hand Surgery; The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University; Nanning Guangxi China
| | - Julie Glowacki
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery; Brigham and Women's Hospital; Harvard Medical School; Boston Massachusetts
| | - Jochen Hahne
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery; Brigham and Women's Hospital; Harvard Medical School; Boston Massachusetts
- MW Center for Orthopedics and Sports Medicine; Munich Germany
| | - Li Xie
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery; Brigham and Women's Hospital; Harvard Medical School; Boston Massachusetts
- Department of Clinical Laboratory; The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University; Nanning Guangxi China
| | - Meryl S. LeBoff
- Department of Medicine; Brigham and Women's Hospital; Harvard Medical School; Boston Massachusetts
| | - Shuanhu Zhou
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery; Brigham and Women's Hospital; Harvard Medical School; Boston Massachusetts
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute; Harvard University; Cambridge Massachusetts
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16
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Saeed H, Qiu W, Li C, Flyvbjerg A, Abdallah BM, Kassem M. Telomerase activity promotes osteoblast differentiation by modulating IGF-signaling pathway. Biogerontology 2015; 16:733-45. [PMID: 26260615 PMCID: PMC4602053 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-015-9596-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The contribution of deficient telomerase activity to age-related decline in osteoblast functions and bone formation is poorly studied. We have previously demonstrated that telomerase over-expression led to enhanced osteoblast differentiation of human bone marrow skeletal (stromal) stem cells (hMSC) in vitro and in vivo. Here, we investigated the signaling pathways underlying the regulatory functions of telomerase in osteoblastic cells. Comparative microarray analysis and Western blot analysis of telomerase-over expressing hMSC (hMSC-TERT) versus primary hMSC revealed significant up-regulation of several components of insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling. Specifically, a significant increase in IGF-induced AKT phosphorylation and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity were observed in hMSC-TERT. Enhanced ALP activity was reduced in presence of IGF1 receptor inhibitor: picropodophyllin. In addition, telomerase deficiency caused significant reduction in IGF signaling proteins in osteoblastic cells cultured from telomerase deficient mice (Terc(-/-)). The low bone mass exhibited by Terc(-/-) mice was associated with significant reduction in serum levels of IGF1 and IGFBP3 as well as reduced skeletal mRNA expression of Igf1, Igf2, Igf2r, Igfbp5 and Igfbp6. IGF1-induced osteoblast differentiation was also impaired in Terc(-/-) MSC. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that impaired IGF/AKT signaling contributes to the observed decreased bone mass and bone formation exhibited by telomerase deficient osteoblastic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Saeed
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory (KMEB), Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Medical Biotechnology Center, Odense University Hospital & University of Southern Denmark, SDU, 5000, Odense C, Denmark. .,University College of Pharmacy, Punjab University, Allama Iqbal Campus, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan.
| | - Weimin Qiu
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory (KMEB), Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Medical Biotechnology Center, Odense University Hospital & University of Southern Denmark, SDU, 5000, Odense C, Denmark.
| | - Chen Li
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory (KMEB), Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Medical Biotechnology Center, Odense University Hospital & University of Southern Denmark, SDU, 5000, Odense C, Denmark.
| | - Allan Flyvbjerg
- Department of Endcrinology, University Hosptial of Aarhus, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | - Basem M Abdallah
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory (KMEB), Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Medical Biotechnology Center, Odense University Hospital & University of Southern Denmark, SDU, 5000, Odense C, Denmark. .,Faculty of Scince, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Moustapha Kassem
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory (KMEB), Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Medical Biotechnology Center, Odense University Hospital & University of Southern Denmark, SDU, 5000, Odense C, Denmark. .,Stem Cell Unit, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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Imperlini E, Mancini A, Alfieri A, Martone D, Caterino M, Orrù S, Buono P. Molecular effects of supraphysiological doses of doping agents on health. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2015; 11:1494-506. [DOI: 10.1039/c5mb00030k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Supraphysiological doses of doping agents, such as T/DHT and GH/IGF-1, affect cellular pathways associated with apoptosis and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Annamaria Mancini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Motorie e del Benessere
- Università “Parthenope” di Napoli
- 80133 Naples
- Italy
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c. a r.l
| | - Andreina Alfieri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Motorie e del Benessere
- Università “Parthenope” di Napoli
- 80133 Naples
- Italy
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c. a r.l
| | - Domenico Martone
- Dipartimento di Scienze Motorie e del Benessere
- Università “Parthenope” di Napoli
- 80133 Naples
- Italy
| | | | - Stefania Orrù
- Dipartimento di Scienze Motorie e del Benessere
- Università “Parthenope” di Napoli
- 80133 Naples
- Italy
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c. a r.l
| | - Pasqualina Buono
- IRCCS SDN
- Naples
- Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Motorie e del Benessere
- Università “Parthenope” di Napoli
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Alghamdi HS, van den Beucken JJ, Jansen JA. Osteoporotic Rat Models for Evaluation of Osseointegration of Bone Implants. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2014; 20:493-505. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2013.0327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hamdan S. Alghamdi
- Department of Biomaterials, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - John A. Jansen
- Department of Biomaterials, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Lindtner RA, Tiaden AN, Genelin K, Ebner HL, Manzl C, Klawitter M, Sitte I, von Rechenberg B, Blauth M, Richards PJ. Osteoanabolic effect of alendronate and zoledronate on bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) isolated from aged female osteoporotic patients and its implications for their mode of action in the treatment of age-related bone loss. Osteoporos Int 2014; 25:1151-61. [PMID: 23974861 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-013-2494-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2013] [Accepted: 08/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY In the present study, we evaluated the potential for aminobisphosphonates to enhance the development of bone-forming osteoblasts from progenitor cells isolated from aged female osteoporotic patients. The aminobisphosphonates tested significantly enhanced osteoblast formation and thus lend further insights into their possible mode of action in the treatment of osteoporosis. INTRODUCTION The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of aminobisphosphonates on the osteogenesis of human bone marrow stromal cells (hBMSCs) and mineralization of differentiating bone-forming cells isolated from osteoporotic patients. METHODS The influence of aminobisphosphonate treatment on hBMSC osteogenesis was assessed by the quantitative measurement of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, in addition to quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis of known osteogenic markers. Mineralized matrix formation by hBMSC-derived osteoblasts was visualized and quantified using Alizarin red staining. RESULTS hBMSC cultures treated with osteogenic medium supplemented with zoledronate demonstrated a significant increase in Alizarin red staining after 3 weeks as compared to cells cultured in osteogenic medium alone. Similarly, cultures of differentiating hBMSCs isolated from patients receiving alendronate treatment also demonstrated an increased propensity for mineralization, even in the absence of further in vitro stimulation by zoledronate. The stimulatory effects of aminobisphosphonate treatment on hBMSC-derived osteoblast-mediated mineralization were independent of any alterations in ALP activity, although significant decreases in the expression levels of osteopontin (SPP1) were evident in hBMSCs following exposure to aminobisphosphonates. Further analysis including Western blotting and loss-of-function studies revealed osteopontin as having a negative influence on the mineralization of differentiating osteoporotic bone-forming cells. CONCLUSIONS The results presented here demonstrate for the first time that aminobisphosphonate treatment of osteoporotic hBMSCs enhances their capacity for osteoblast formation and subsequent mineral deposition, thus supporting the concept of aminobisphosphonates as having an osteoanabolic effect in osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Lindtner
- Department of Trauma Surgery and Sports Medicine, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
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20
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Prall WC, Haasters F, Heggebö J, Polzer H, Schwarz C, Gassner C, Grote S, Anz D, Jäger M, Mutschler W, Schieker M. Mesenchymal stem cells from osteoporotic patients feature impaired signal transduction but sustained osteoinduction in response to BMP-2 stimulation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 440:617-22. [PMID: 24099772 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.09.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2013] [Accepted: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporotic fractures show reduced callus formation and delayed bone healing. Cellular sources of fracture healing are mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) that differentiate into osteoblasts by stimulation with osteoinductive cytokines, such as BMP-2. We hypothesized that impaired signal transduction and reduced osteogenic differentiation capacity in response to BMP-2 may underlie the delayed fracture healing. Therefore, MSC were isolated from femoral heads of healthy and osteoporotic patients. Grouping was carried out by bone mineral densitometry in an age-matched manner. MSC were stimulated with BMP-2. Signal transduction was assessed by western blotting of pSMAD1/5/8 and pERK1/2 as well as by quantitative RT-PCR of Runx-2, Dlx5, and Osteocalcin. Osteogenic differentiation was assessed by quantifying Alizarin Red staining. Osteoporotic MSC featured an accurate phosphorylation pattern of SMAD1/5/8 but a significantly reduced activation of ERK1/2 by BMP-2 stimulation. Furthermore, osteoporotic MSC showed significantly reduced basal expression levels of Runx-2 and Dlx5. However, Runx-2, Dlx5, and Osteocalcin expression showed adequate up-regulation due to BMP-2 stimulation. The global osteogenic differentiation in standard osteogenic differentiation media was reduced in osteoporotic MSC. Nevertheless, osteoporotic MSC were shown to feature an adequate induction of osteogenic differentiation due to BMP-2 stimulation. Taken together, we here demonstrate osteoporosis associated alterations in BMP-2 signaling but sustained specific osteogenic differentiation capacity in response to BMP-2. Therefore, BMP-2 may represent a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of fractures in osteoporotic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolf Christian Prall
- Department of Surgery, Experimental Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, University of Munich (LMU), Nußbaumstr. 20, D-80336 Munich, Germany.
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Alghamdi HS, Jansen JA. Bone Regeneration Associated with Nontherapeutic and Therapeutic Surface Coatings for Dental Implants in Osteoporosis. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2013; 19:233-53. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2012.0400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hamdan S. Alghamdi
- Department of Biomaterials, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - John A. Jansen
- Department of Biomaterials, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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22
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ZHOU SHAOQIONG, FANG XIN, XIN HUAPING, GUAN SIMING. Effects of alendronate on the Notch1-RBP-Jκ signaling pathway in the osteogenic differentiation and mineralization of vascular smooth muscle cells. Mol Med Rep 2013; 8:89-94. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2013.1489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 05/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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23
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Pramojanee SN, Phimphilai M, Kumphune S, Chattipakorn N, Chattipakorn SC. Decreased jaw bone density and osteoblastic insulin signaling in a model of obesity. J Dent Res 2013; 92:560-5. [PMID: 23569161 DOI: 10.1177/0022034513485600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that decreased bone mass results from either the impairment of osteoblastic insulin signaling or obesity. Our previous study revealed that 12-week high-fat-diet (HFD) consumption caused obesity as well as peripheral and brain insulin resistance. However, the osteoblastic insulin resistance induced by HFD has not been elucidated. Therefore, we hypothesized that 12-week HFD rats exhibited not only peripheral insulin resistance but also osteoblastic insulin resistance, which leads to decreased jawbone quality. We found that the jawbones of rats fed a 12-week HFD exhibited increased osteoporosis. The osteoblastic cells isolated from HFD-fed rats exhibited the impairment of osteoblastic insulin signaling as well as reduction of cell proliferation and survival. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that insulin resistance induced by 12-week HFD impaired osteoblastic insulin signaling, osteoblast proliferation, and osteoblast survival and resulted in osteoporosis in the jawbone.
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Affiliation(s)
- S N Pramojanee
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Science, Faculty of Dentistry
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24
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Differences in gene expression and cytokine release profiles highlight the heterogeneity of distinct subsets of adipose tissue-derived stem cells in the subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue in humans. PLoS One 2013; 8:e57892. [PMID: 23526958 PMCID: PMC3589487 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2012] [Accepted: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Differences in the inherent properties of adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ASC) may contribute to the biological specificity of the subcutaneous (Sc) and visceral (V) adipose tissue depots. In this study, three distinct subpopulations of ASC, i.e. ASCSVF, ASCBottom, and ASCCeiling, were isolated from Sc and V fat biopsies of non-obese subjects, and their gene expression and functional characteristics were investigated. Genome-wide mRNA expression profiles of ASCSVF, ASCBottom and ASCCeiling from Sc fat were significantly different as compared to their homologous subsets of V-ASCs. Furthermore, ASCSVF, ASCCeiling and ASCBottom from the same fat depot were also distinct from each other. In this respect, both principal component analysis and hierarchical clusters analysis showed that ASCCeiling and ASCSVF shared a similar pattern of closely related genes, which was highly different when compared to that of ASCBottom. However, larger variations in gene expression were found in inter-depot than in intra-depot comparisons. The analysis of connectivity of genes differently expressed in each ASC subset demonstrated that, although there was some overlap, there was also a clear distinction between each Sc-ASC and their corresponding V-ASC subsets, and among ASCSVF, ASCBottom, and ASCCeiling of Sc or V fat depots in regard to networks associated with regulation of cell cycle, cell organization and development, inflammation and metabolic responses. Finally, the release of several cytokines and growth factors in the ASC cultured medium also showed both inter- and intra-depot differences. Thus, ASCCeiling and ASCBottom can be identified as two genetically and functionally heterogeneous ASC populations in addition to the ASCSVF, with ASCBottom showing the highest degree of unmatched gene expression. On the other hand, inter-depot seem to prevail over intra-depot differences in the ASC gene expression assets and network functions, contributing to the high degree of specificity of Sc and V adipose tissue in humans.
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Mahalingam CD, Sampathi BR, Sharma S, Datta T, Das V, Abou-Samra AB, Datta NS. MKP1-dependent PTH modulation of bone matrix mineralization in female mice is osteoblast maturation stage specific and involves P-ERK and P-p38 MAPKs. J Endocrinol 2013; 216. [PMID: 23197743 PMCID: PMC3796767 DOI: 10.1530/joe-12-0372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Limited information is available on the role of MAPK phosphatase 1 (MKP1) signaling in osteoblasts. We have recently reported distinct roles for MKP1 during osteoblast proliferation, differentiation, and skeletal responsiveness to parathyroid hormone (PTH). As MKP1 regulates the phosphorylation status of MAPKs, we investigated the involvement of P-ERK and P-p38 MAPKs in MKP1 knockout (KO) early and mature osteoblasts with respect to mineralization and PTH response. Calvarial osteoblasts from 9-14-week-old WT and MKP1 KO male and female mice were examined. Western blot analysis revealed downregulation and sustained expressions of P-ERK and P-p38 with PTH treatment in differentiated osteoblasts derived from KO males and females respectively. Exposure of early osteoblasts to p38 inhibitor, SB203580 (S), markedly inhibited mineralization in WT and KO osteoblasts from both genders as determined by von Kossa assay. In osteoblasts from males, ERK inhibitor U0126 (U), not p38 inhibitor (S), prevented the inhibitory effects of PTH on mineralization in early or mature osteoblasts. In osteoblasts from KO females, PTH sustained mineralization in early osteoblasts and decreased mineralization in mature cells. This effect of PTH was attenuated by S in early osteoblasts and by U in mature KO cells. Changes in matrix Gla protein expression with PTH in KO osteoblasts did not correlate with mineralization, indicative of MKP1-dependent additional mechanisms essential for PTH action on osteoblast mineralization. We conclude that PTH regulation of osteoblast mineralization in female mice is maturation stage specific and involves MKP1 modulation of P-ERK and P-p38 MAPKs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandrika D Mahalingam
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 1107 Elliman Clinical Research Building, 421 East Canfield Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA
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Li B, Wang Y, Liu Y, Ma J, Li Y. Altered gene expression involved in insulin signaling pathway in type II diabetic osteoporosis rats model. Endocrine 2013; 43:136-46. [PMID: 22820932 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-012-9757-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2012] [Accepted: 07/12/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
It is well established that both estrogen loss and type II diabetes mellitus (DMII) can impair bone metabolism, but whether estrogen loss exacerbates the effects of DMII is unclear. Therefore, we determined if ovariectomy (OVX) of rats on a long-term high-fat/sugar diet and injection of a low dose of streptozotocin (DMII) decreased bone mineral density (BMD) more than OVX or DMII alone. Bone insulin signaling is known to support bone metabolism; therefore, we also tested the hypothesis that OVX DMII rats (DOVX) would exhibit greater reductions in the expression of proteins important in insulin signaling, including IRS-1, IRS-2, and IGF-1. As hypothesized, BMD and plasma estrogen levels were decreased more in DOVX rats than in rats following OVX (NOVX) or DMII (DS) alone. IGF-1 expression was decreased in the liver, kidney, skeletal muscle, and bone of DOVX, DS, and NOVX rats; however, the decrease was larger and occurred sooner in DOVX rats. While IRS-1 and IRS-2 decreased in most groups in all tissues examined, the expression patterns differed in both a group- and tissue-dependent fashion. In conclusion, these data demonstrate that estrogen loss and DMII induced by a high-fat/sugar diet interact to produce osteoporosis and support the hypothesis that the bone loss may be mediated at least in part by concurrent decreases in the insulin signaling proteins in bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoxin Li
- Second Department of Endocrinology, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050051, Hebei, China.
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27
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Li C, Yang X, He Y, Ye G, Li X, Zhang X, Zhou L, Deng F. Bone morphogenetic protein-9 induces osteogenic differentiation of rat dental follicle stem cells in P38 and ERK1/2 MAPK dependent manner. Int J Med Sci 2012; 9:862-71. [PMID: 23155360 PMCID: PMC3498751 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.5027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2012] [Accepted: 09/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental follicle stem cells are a group of cells possessing osteogenic, adipogenetic and neurogenic differentiations, but the specific mechanism underlying the multilineage differentiation remains still unclear. Great attention has been paid to bone morphogenetic protein-9 (BMP-9) due to its potent osteogenic activity. In the present study, rat dental follicle stem cells were isolated and purified, and cells of passage 3 underwent adenovirus mediated BMP-9 gene transfection to prepare dental follicle stem cells with stable BMP-9 expression. Detection of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and calcium deposition showed dental follicle stem cells transfected with BMP-9 gene could significantly promote the osteogenesis. In addition, SB203580 and PD98059 were employed to block the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2), respectively. Detection of ALP and calcium deposition revealed the BMP-9 induced osteogenic differentiation of dental follicle stem cells depended on MAPK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conghua Li
- Department of Stomatology, Research Center for Oral Diseases and Biomedicine in Chongqing, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, China
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McGonnell IM, Grigoriadis AE, Lam EWF, Price JS, Sunters A. A specific role for phosphoinositide 3-kinase and AKT in osteoblasts? Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2012; 3:88. [PMID: 22833734 PMCID: PMC3400941 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2012.00088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2012] [Accepted: 06/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The phosphoinositide 3-kinase and AKT (protein kinase B) signaling pathway (PI3K/AKT) plays a central role in the control of cell survival, growth, and proliferation throughout the body. With regard to bone, and particularly in osteoblasts, there is an increasing amount of evidence that the many signaling molecules exert some of their bone-specific effects in part via selectively activating some of the generic effects of the PI3K/AKT pathway in osteoblasts. There is further data demonstrating that PI3K/AKT has the capacity to specifically cross-talk with other signaling pathways and transcriptional networks controlling bone cells' development in order to fine-tune the osteoblast phenotype. There is also evidence that perturbations in the PI3K/AKT pathway may well be responsible for certain bone pathologies. In this review, we discuss some of these findings and suggest that the PI3K/AKT pathway is a central nexus in the extensive network of extracellular signaling pathways that control the osteoblast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imelda M. McGonnell
- Department of Veterinary Basic Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College,London, UK
| | - Agamemnon E. Grigoriadis
- Department of Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, King’s College London, Guy’s Hospital,London, UK
| | - Eric W.-F. Lam
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital,London, UK
| | - Joanna S. Price
- School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Bristol,Bristol, UK
| | - Andrew Sunters
- Department of Veterinary Basic Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College,London, UK
- *Correspondence: Andrew Sunters, Department of Veterinary Basic Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Royal College Street, Camden, London NW1 0TU, UK. e-mail:
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Bagrodia A, Mehrazin R, Bazzi WM, Silberstein J, Malcolm JB, Stroup SP, Raheem O, Wake RW, Kane CJ, Patterson AL, Wan JY, Derweesh IH. Comparison of rates and risk factors for development of osteoporosis and fractures after radical or partial nephrectomy. Urology 2011; 78:614-9. [PMID: 21777959 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2011.02.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2010] [Revised: 02/05/2011] [Accepted: 02/15/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine incidence of and risk factors for development of osteoporosis and fractures in patients who underwent radical nephrectomy (RN) and partial nephrectomy (NSS), as osteoporosis is an important cause of morbidity in chronic kidney disease. METHODS This was a retrospective review of 905 patients (mean age 57.5 years, mean follow-up 6.4 years) who underwent RN or NSS for renal tumors at 2 institutions from July 1987 to June 2007. Demographics, renal function, metabolic parameters, and history of preoperative and postoperative osteoporosis and fractures were recorded. Data were analyzed within subgroups based on treatment (RN vs NSS). Multivariate analysis was conducted to elucidate risk factors for developing osteoporosis following surgery. RESULTS A total of 610 patients underwent RN and 295 underwent NSS. Tumor size (cm) was significantly larger for RN (RN 7.0 vs NSS 3.7, P<.0001). No significant differences were noted with respect to demographic factors and preoperative osteoporosis (RN 8.7% vs NSS 9.5%, P=.785) and fractures (RN 1.7% vs NSS 0.7%, P=.382). Postoperatively, significantly less osteoporosis (NSS 12.5% vs RN 22.6%, P<.001) and fewer fractures (NSS 4.4% vs RN 9.8%, P=.007) developed in the NSS cohort. MVA demonstrated female (OR 1.85, P=.001), Caucasian (OR 2.33, P<.0001), preoperative eGFR<60 mL/min/1.73 m2, (OR=3.02, P<.0001), preoperative metabolic acidosis (OR=4.22, P=.0006), and RN (OR 2.59, P<.0001) were risk factors for developing osteoporosis. CONCLUSIONS Patients undergoing RN had a significantly higher incidence of osteoporosis and fractures compared with a well-matched cohort of patients who underwent NSS. In addition to RN, female gender, Caucasian background, preoperative eGFR<60, and preoperative metabolic acidosis were associated with developing osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Bagrodia
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, Medical Center, La Jolla, CA 92093-0987, USA
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Neve A, Corrado A, Cantatore FP. Osteoblast physiology in normal and pathological conditions. Cell Tissue Res 2010; 343:289-302. [PMID: 21120535 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-010-1086-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2010] [Accepted: 11/03/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Osteoblasts are mononucleated cells that are derived from mesenchymal stem cells and that are responsible for the synthesis and mineralization of bone during initial bone formation and later bone remodelling. Osteoblasts also have a role in the regulation of osteoclast activity through the receptor activator of nuclear factor κ-B ligand and osteoprotegerin. Abnormalities in osteoblast differentiation and activity occur in some common human diseases such as osteoporosis and osteoarthritis. Recent studies also suggest that osteoblast functions are compromised at sites of focal bone erosion in rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Neve
- Rheumatology Clinic, Department of Medical and Occupational Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
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Li R, Pourpak A, Morris SW. Inhibition of the insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF1R) tyrosine kinase as a novel cancer therapy approach. J Med Chem 2010; 52:4981-5004. [PMID: 19610618 DOI: 10.1021/jm9002395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rongshi Li
- Drug Discovery, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Oncologic Sciences, University of South Florida, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
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Low-intensity ultrasound increases FAK, ERK-1/2, and IRS-1 expression of intact rat bones in a noncumulative manner. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2010; 468:1149-56. [PMID: 19851814 PMCID: PMC2835591 DOI: 10.1007/s11999-009-1146-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2009] [Accepted: 10/08/2009] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound stimulation (LIPUS) reportedly increases osteogenesis in fracture models but fails in intact bone, suggesting LIPUS does not act on mechanotransduction and growth factor pathways of intact bone. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES We asked whether daily 20-minute LIPUS applied to intact tibias would act on bone proteins involved in mechanotransduction (focal adhesion kinase [FAK], and extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1/2 [ERK-1/2]), and growth factor signaling (insulin receptor substrate-1 [IRS-1]) pathways at 7, 14, and 21 days of treatment. METHODS Immunoblotting was performed to detect FAK, ERK-1/2, and IRS-1 expression and activation from the stimulated intact tibias at 7, 14, and 21 days of daily 20-minute LIPUS. RESULTS LIPUS increased FAK expression (at 7 days), ERK-1/2 (at 14 days), and IRS-1 (at 7 days), but expression decreased 7 days later, indicating a noncumulative effect of LIPUS. As only FAK expression was detected at 21 days, these observations suggest LIPUS influences nuclear reactions that may be modulated by a major cellular mechanism preferentially inhibiting IRS-1 expression and not FAK expression. Increased ERK-1/2 expression at 14 days suggests the differing mechanisms for promoting ERK-1/2, FAK, and IRS-1 syntheses. IRS-1 expression behaved similarly to FAK expression; therefore, LIPUS may modulate growth factor pathways. LIPUS increased sustained FAK and ERK-1/2 activation, but not IRS-1, suggesting sustained ERK-1/2 activation is not the result of mechanically induced growth factor activation. CONCLUSIONS LIPUS acts on mechanotransduction and growth factor pathways in intact bone in a noncumulative manner. Clinical relevance These data suggest LIPUS applied to intact bone acts on proteins involved in osteogenesis.
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McNamara LM. Perspective on post-menopausal osteoporosis: establishing an interdisciplinary understanding of the sequence of events from the molecular level to whole bone fractures. J R Soc Interface 2010; 7:353-72. [PMID: 19846441 PMCID: PMC2842799 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2009.0282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2009] [Accepted: 09/30/2009] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Current drug treatments for post-menopausal osteoporosis cannot eliminate bone fractures, possibly because the mechanisms responsible for bone loss are not fully understood. Although research within various disciplines has significantly advanced the state of knowledge, fundamental findings are not widely understood between different disciplines. For that reason, this paper presents noteworthy experimental findings from discrete disciplines focusing on post-menopausal osteoporosis. These studies have established that, in addition to bone loss, significant changes in bone micro-architecture, tissue composition and micro-damage occur. Cellular processes and molecular signalling pathways governing pathological bone resorption have been identified to a certain extent. Ongoing studies endeavour to determine how such changes are initiated at the onset of oestrogen deficiency. It emerges that, because of the discrete nature of previous research studies, the sequence of events that lead to bone fracture is not fully understood. In this paper, two sequences of multi-scale changes are proposed and the experimental challenges that need to be overcome to fully define this sequence are outlined. Future studies must comprehensively characterize the time sequence of molecular-, cellular- and tissue-level changes to attain a coherent understanding of the events that ultimately lead to bone fracture and inform the future development of treatments for post-menopausal osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M McNamara
- Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.
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Tekle M, Gromadzinska J, Joksic G, Antic R, Nilsson R, Dallner G, Undén AL, Brismar K. Plasma levels of insulin-like growth factor-I, insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1, coenzyme Q10 and vitamin E in female populations from Poland, Serbia and Sweden. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2010; 36:188-194. [PMID: 20015549 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2009.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2009] [Revised: 11/18/2009] [Accepted: 11/24/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to environmental contaminants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), life style and nutritional status of a population are important factors that may influence normal serum levels of antioxidants and the insulin-like growth factor system. In this study we examined serum levels of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1(IGFBP-1), coenzyme Q10 (CoQ) and vitamin E in healthy female populations (n=4 x 100) aged 19-59 years from Poland (PL), Sweden (SE), Serbia I (SR I) and Serbia II (SR II). The last group lived in an environmental emergency area affected by the bombings of 1999 in Serbia. The Polish and SR I cohorts exhibited low IGFSD-score levels, (-2 to +/-0), compared to females from SE with IGFSD-score 0. In the SR II population, the IGFSD range was between -1 and 1. The IGFBP-1 levels of the Polish and SR I groups were lower than in the Swedish population, while the SR II levels showed a broader distribution, 20-80 microg/l. The CoQ values in the Swedish and Polish samples were around 1 nmol/ml. In contrast, the SR I cohorts exhibited higher concentrations, 1.5-3.5 nmol/ml and the SR II group had extremely low levels, <0.5 nmol/ml. The vitamin E concentrations were similar in the Polish and Swedish populations, 20-40 nmol/ml, while it was twice as high, 40-80 nmol/ml in the SR I and very low in the SR II group, which is half of the Polish and Swedish cohorts. These results suggest that different lifestyles and environmental factors affect both the IGF system and the antioxidants CoQ10 and vitamin E in female populations in Europe. The females living in the polluted area had different patterns of both the IGF and antioxidant systems. These findings may explain differences in morbidity and mortality in these countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Tekle
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, The Arrhenius Laboratories, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
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Normal and osteoporotic human osteoblast behaviour after 1,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D3 stimulation. Rheumatol Int 2008; 29:667-72. [DOI: 10.1007/s00296-008-0755-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2008] [Accepted: 10/19/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Laviola L, Natalicchio A, Perrini S, Giorgino F. Abnormalities of IGF-I signaling in the pathogenesis of diseases of the bone, brain, and fetoplacental unit in humans. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2008; 295:E991-9. [PMID: 18713961 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.90452.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
IGF-I action is essential for the regulation of tissue formation and remodeling, bone growth, prenatal growth, brain development, and muscle metabolism. Cellular effects of IGF-I are mediated through the IGF-I receptor, a transmembrane tyrosine kinase that phosphorylates intracellular substrates, resulting in the activation of multiple intracellular signaling cascades. Dysregulation of IGF-I actions due to impairment in the postreceptor signaling machinery may contribute to multiple diseases in humans. This article will review current information on IGF-I signaling and illustrate recent results demonstrating how impaired IGF-I signaling and action may contribute to the pathogenesis of human diseases, including osteoporosis, neurodegenerative disorders, and reduced fetal growth in utero.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Laviola
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
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