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Alsamahi S, Milne TJ, Mohd Hussaini HM, Rich AM, Cooper PR, Friedlander LT. Effects of glycation end-products on the dental pulp in patients with type 2 diabetes. Int Endod J 2023; 56:1373-1384. [PMID: 37615995 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
AIM This ex vivo study aimed to compare protein expression of advanced glycation end-products (AGE) and receptor (RAGE), and the levels of selected genes associated with inflammation and collagen within dental pulp tissue from patients with type 2 (T2D) diabetes and non-T2D. METHODOLOGY Noncarious extracted permanent molar teeth from patients with well-controlled T2D (n = 19) and non-T2D (controls) (n = 19) were collected and compared. The coronal pulp was examined using immunohistochemistry (IHC) (n = 10 per group) for anti-AGE and anti-RAGE. Quantitative PCR (n = 9 per group) was used to analyse the gene expression levels of NFKB, S100A12 and COLIA1. Data analyses were performed between the groups using GraphPad Prism using Pearson correlation, Shapiro-Wilk and Mann-Whitney U-tests, and multiple regression using SPSS. RESULTS AGEs were distributed diffusely throughout the pulp extracellular matrix associated with collagen fibres and were present on several cell types. RAGE was expressed at the pulp-dentine interface and was observed on odontoblasts, immune cells, endothelial cells and fibroblasts. Semi-quantitative analysis of IHC samples showed significantly increased expression of AGE (p < .0001) and RAGE (p = .02) in T2D samples compared with controls. The expression of NFKB (p < .0001), S100A12 (p < .0001) and COLIA1 (p = .01) genes were significantly higher in the T2D pulp, and multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that these findings were not affected by age. CONCLUSION T2D may exert a similar glycation response in the dental pulp to other body sites. This could occur through activation of NF-κB pathways with a concomitant increase in genes associated with inflammation and collagen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaikhah Alsamahi
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Trudy J Milne
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | | | - Alison M Rich
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Paul R Cooper
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Lara T Friedlander
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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2
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Bao K, Jiao Y, Xing L, Zhang F, Tian F. The role of wnt signaling in diabetes-induced osteoporosis. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2023; 15:84. [PMID: 37106471 PMCID: PMC10141960 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-023-01067-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis, a chronic complication of diabetes mellitus, is characterized by a reduction in bone mass, destruction of bone microarchitecture, decreased bone strength, and increased bone fragility. Because of its insidious onset, osteoporosis renders patients highly susceptible to pathological fractures, leading to increased disability and mortality rates. However, the specific pathogenesis of osteoporosis induced by chronic hyperglycemia has not yet been fully elucidated. But it is currently known that the disruption of Wnt signaling triggered by chronic hyperglycemia is involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic osteoporosis. There are two main types of Wnt signaling pathways, the canonical Wnt signaling pathway (β-catenin-dependent) and the non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway (non-β-catenin-dependent), both of which play an important role in regulating the balance between bone formation and bone resorption. Therefore, this review systematically describes the effects of abnormal Wnt pathway signaling on bone homeostasis under hyperglycemia, hoping to reveal the relationship between Wnt signaling and diabetic osteoporosis to further improve understanding of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kairan Bao
- Department of Integrated Traditional & Western Medicine, Affiliated hospital of North, China University of Science and Technology, Jianshe South Road 73, Tangshan, 063000, Hebei, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yinghua Jiao
- Department of Integrated Traditional & Western Medicine, Affiliated hospital of North, China University of Science and Technology, Jianshe South Road 73, Tangshan, 063000, Hebei, People's Republic of China
- North China University of Science and Technology, Bohai Road 21, Caofeidian Dis, Tangshan, 063210, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Xing
- Department of Integrated Traditional & Western Medicine, Affiliated hospital of North, China University of Science and Technology, Jianshe South Road 73, Tangshan, 063000, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Zhang
- Department of Integrated Traditional & Western Medicine, Affiliated hospital of North, China University of Science and Technology, Jianshe South Road 73, Tangshan, 063000, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Faming Tian
- Department of Integrated Traditional & Western Medicine, Affiliated hospital of North, China University of Science and Technology, Jianshe South Road 73, Tangshan, 063000, Hebei, People's Republic of China
- North China University of Science and Technology, Bohai Road 21, Caofeidian Dis, Tangshan, 063210, Hebei, People's Republic of China
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3
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Dienelt A, Keller KC, zur Nieden NI. High glucose impairs osteogenic differentiation of embryonic stem cells via early diversion of beta-catenin from Forkhead box O to T cell factor interaction. Birth Defects Res 2022; 114:1056-1074. [PMID: 36164276 PMCID: PMC9708100 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.2085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes, which is characterized by an increase in blood glucose concentration, is accompanied by low bone turnover, increased fracture risk, and the formation of embryonic skeletal malformations. Yet, there are few studies elucidating the underlying alterations in signaling pathways leading to these osteogenic defects. We hypothesized here that bone formation deficiencies in a high glucose environment result from altered activity of beta-catenin (CTNNB1), a key contributor to osteogenic differentiation, dysregulation of which has also been implicated in the development of diabetes. METHODS To test this hypothesis, we used a previously established embryonic stem cell (ESC) model of differentiation that mimics the diabetic environment of the developing embryo. We differentiated murine ESCs within osteogenic-inducing media containing either high (diabetic) or low (physiological) levels of D-glucose and performed time course analyses to study the influence of high glucose on early and late bone cell differentiation. RESULTS Endpoint measures for osteogenic differentiation were reduced in a glucose-dependent manner and expression of precursor-specific markers altered at multiple time points. Furthermore, transcriptional activity of the lymphoid enhancer factor (LEF)/T cell factor (TCF) transcription factors during precursor formation stages was significantly elevated while levels of CTNNB1 complexed with Forkhead box O 3a (FOXO3a) declined. Modulation of AKT, a known upstream regulator of both LEF/TCF and FOXO3a, as well as CTNNB1 rescued some of the reductions in osteogenic output seen in the high glucose condition. CONCLUSIONS Within our in vitro model, we found a clear involvement of LEF/TCF and FOXO3a signaling pathways in the regulation of osteogenic differentiation, which may account for the skeletal deficiencies found in newborns of diabetic mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke Dienelt
- Department of Cell Therapy, Applied Stem Cell Technologies Unit, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kevin C. Keller
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology & Stem Cell Center, College of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Nicole I. zur Nieden
- Department of Cell Therapy, Applied Stem Cell Technologies Unit, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology & Stem Cell Center, College of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
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4
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Hypoxia mimetics restore bone biomineralisation in hyperglycaemic environments. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13944. [PMID: 35977987 PMCID: PMC9385857 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18067-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic patients have an increased risk of fracture and an increased occurrence of impaired fracture healing. Diabetic and hyperglycaemic conditions have been shown to impair the cellular response to hypoxia, via an inhibited hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-1α pathway. We investigated, using an in vitro hyperglycaemia bone tissue engineering model (and a multidisciplinary bone characterisation approach), the differing effects of glucose levels, hypoxia and chemicals known to stabilise HIF-1α (CoCl2 and DMOG) on bone formation. Hypoxia (1% O2) inhibited bone nodule formation and resulted in discrete biomineralisation as opposed to the mineralised extracellular collagen fibres found in normoxia (20% O2). Unlike hypoxia, the use of hypoxia mimetics did not prevent nodule formation in normal glucose level. Hyperglycaemic conditions (25 mM and 50 mM glucose) inhibited biomineralisation. Interestingly, both hypoxia mimetics (CoCl2 and DMOG) partly restored hyperglycaemia inhibited bone nodule formation. These results highlight the difference in osteoblast responses between hypoxia mimetics and actual hypoxia and suggests a role of HIF-1α stabilisation in bone biomineralisation that extends that of promoting neovascularisation, or other system effects associated with hypoxia and bone regeneration in vivo. This study demonstrates that targeting the HIF pathway may represent a promising strategy for bone regeneration in diabetic patients.
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5
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Luo B, Zhou X, Tang Q, Yin Y, Feng G, Li S, Chen L. Circadian rhythms affect bone reconstruction by regulating bone energy metabolism. J Transl Med 2021; 19:410. [PMID: 34579752 PMCID: PMC8477514 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-021-03068-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolism is one of the most complex cellular biochemical reactions, providing energy and substances for basic activities such as cell growth and proliferation. Early studies have shown that glucose is an important nutrient in osteoblasts. In addition, amino acid metabolism and fat metabolism also play important roles in bone reconstruction. Mammalian circadian clocks regulate the circadian cycles of various physiological functions. In vertebrates, circadian rhythms are mediated by a set of central clock genes: muscle and brain ARNT like-1 (Bmal1), muscle and brain ARNT like-2 (Bmal2), circadian rhythmic motion output cycle stagnates (Clock), cryptochrome 1 (Cry1), cryptochrome2 (Cry2), period 1 (Per1), period 2 (Per2), period 3 (Per3) and neuronal PAS domain protein 2 (Npas2). Negative feedback loops, controlled at both the transcriptional and posttranslational levels, adjust these clock genes in a diurnal manner. According to the results of studies on circadian transcriptomic studies in several tissues, most rhythmic genes are expressed in a tissue-specific manner and are affected by tissue-specific circadian rhythms. The circadian rhythm regulates several activities, including energy metabolism, feeding time, sleeping, and endocrine and immune functions. It has been reported that the circadian rhythms of mammals are closely related to bone metabolism. In this review, we discuss the regulation of the circadian rhythm/circadian clock gene in osteoblasts/osteoclasts and the energy metabolism of bone, and the relationship between circadian rhythm, bone remodeling, and energy metabolism. We also discuss the therapeutic potential of regulating circadian rhythms or changing energy metabolism on bone development/bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Luo
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.,School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.,School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Qingming Tang
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.,School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Ying Yin
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.,School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Guangxia Feng
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.,School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Shue Li
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China. .,School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China. .,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, 430022, China.
| | - Lili Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China. .,School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China. .,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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6
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Skubis-Sikora A, Sikora B, Witkowska A, Mazurek U, Gola J. Osteogenesis of adipose-derived stem cells from patients with glucose metabolism disorders. Mol Med 2020; 26:67. [PMID: 32615920 PMCID: PMC7331176 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-020-00192-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Adipose derived stem cells (ADSCs) are clinically widely used somatic stem cells obtained from white adipose tissue. They are characterized by ability to differentiate e.g. into osteoblasts and might successfully regenerate bone tissue in fracture repair. However, the main problem of somatic stem cells is a documented influence of various diseases, drugs or age which can inhibit cells activity. Therefore, in the present study, we investigated the influence of insulin resistance (IR) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) on the proliferation and differentiation potential of ADSCs. Methods The fat from subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue was acquired by lipoaspiration from 23 voluntary participants, divided into three groups: with diabetes type 2, with insulin resistance and control healthy donors. The proliferative potential was analyzed by cell cytotoxicity assays and by mRNA expression of genes connected with proliferation. Flow cytometry was done for identifying proteins characteristic for mesenchymal stem cells and an analysis of osteogenic differentiation potential based on the assessment of osteogenic markers by real time RT-qPCR, and the evaluation of calcium deposition were also performed. Results The results showed that diabetes type 2 lowered the activity of ADSCs in proliferation assays and changed their phenotypical characteristics. Interestingly, we observed differences in the proliferation potential of ADSCs in patients with insulin resistance, which is often the first phase of diabetes, compared to the control. It might suggest that insulin resistance, early-stage T2D, alters the activity of cells. Moreover, expression of osteogenesis markers was higher in cells from T2D patients than in cells from patients with IR and control. Conclusion We conclude that type 2 diabetes changes the activity of stem cells, and insulin resistance influences on the proliferation of ADSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Skubis-Sikora
- Department of Cytophysiology, Chair of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, ul. Medyków 18, C2/108, 40-752, Katowice, Poland
| | - Bartosz Sikora
- Department of Cytophysiology, Chair of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, ul. Medyków 18, C2/108, 40-752, Katowice, Poland.
| | | | - Urszula Mazurek
- Józef Tyszkiewicz Higher School in Bielsko-Biała, ul, Nadbrzeżna 12, 43-300, Bielsko-Biała, Poland
| | - Joanna Gola
- Department of Molecular Biology, Chair of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
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7
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Dang L, Zhu J, Liu Z, Liu X, Jiang L, Wei F, Song C. A new approach to the treatment of spinal instability: Fusion or structural reinforcement without surgery? Med Hypotheses 2020; 144:109900. [PMID: 32562916 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Spinal instability related low back pain is a common condition resulting from degeneration and loss of stiffness of the intervertebral joint. In order to restore stability, highly invasive surgical fusion is needed for patients who are not responding to conservative treatment. Given the risk and complications of surgery, there has been the urge for improvement with a less invasive solution. Formation of vertebral body osteophytes is a common observation that has been treated as a degenerative condition. However, recent studies have associated it with reduced motion of spinal segments. Unlike the traditional view, we regard it as adaptive reactions aiming to repair and hypothesize that the spinal segments could be stabilized or fused by intentionally induced osteophytes growth at the mobile parts of the intervertebral joint. This could be achieved by injecting Bone Morphogenetic Proteins to the anterior ends of the vertebral bodies and/or the facet joints on both sides of two consecutive vertebrae percutaneously. If verified, it would be the first time that fusion could be achieved without surgery. Hence it would provide a valuable alternative to current treatments of spinal instability. Preliminary test in favor of this hypothesis is presented and we recommend that a formal study with sufficient number of samples is needed for verification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Dang
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University 3rd Hospital, Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal Disease Research, No. 49 North Garden Rd., Haidian District, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Jinglin Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, No. 10 Tieyi Rd., Yangfangdian Subdistrict, Haidian District, Beijing, PR China
| | - Zhongjun Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University 3rd Hospital, Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal Disease Research, No. 49 North Garden Rd., Haidian District, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Xiaoguang Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University 3rd Hospital, Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal Disease Research, No. 49 North Garden Rd., Haidian District, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Liang Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University 3rd Hospital, Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal Disease Research, No. 49 North Garden Rd., Haidian District, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Feng Wei
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University 3rd Hospital, Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal Disease Research, No. 49 North Garden Rd., Haidian District, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Chunli Song
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University 3rd Hospital, Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal Disease Research, No. 49 North Garden Rd., Haidian District, Beijing 100191, PR China.
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8
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Xiao Y, Gong T, Jiang Y, Bao C, Zhou S. Controlled delivery of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 by using glucose-sensitive core–shell nanofibers to repair the mandible defects in diabetic rats. J Mater Chem B 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9tb00613c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Glucose-sensitive core–shell nanofibers that can self-regulate the rhBMP-2 release and enhance a diabetic rat's mandible regeneration capability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases
- West China Hospital of Stomatology
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
| | - Tao Gong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials
- Ministry of Education
- Southwest Jiaotong University
- Chengdu 610031
| | - Ying Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases
- West China Hospital of Stomatology
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
| | - Chongyun Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases
- West China Hospital of Stomatology
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
| | - Shaobing Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials
- Ministry of Education
- Southwest Jiaotong University
- Chengdu 610031
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9
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Chaves Neto AH, Brito VGB, Landim de Barros T, do Amaral CCF, Sumida DH, Oliveira SHP. Chronic high glucose and insulin stimulate bone‐marrow stromal cells adipogenic differentiation in young spontaneously hypertensive rats. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:6853-6865. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio H. Chaves Neto
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of DentistrySão Paulo State University—UNESPAraçatubaSão PauloBrazil
| | - Victor G. B. Brito
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of DentistrySão Paulo State University—UNESPAraçatubaSão PauloBrazil
- Department of Basic Sciences, Programa de Pós‐graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas‐SBFIs, School of DentistrySão Paulo State University—UNESPAraçatubaSão PauloBrazil
| | - Thamine Landim de Barros
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of DentistrySão Paulo State University—UNESPAraçatubaSão PauloBrazil
- Department of Basic Sciences, Programa de Pós‐graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas‐SBFIs, School of DentistrySão Paulo State University—UNESPAraçatubaSão PauloBrazil
| | - Caril C. F. do Amaral
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of DentistrySão Paulo State University—UNESPAraçatubaSão PauloBrazil
- Department of Basic Sciences, Programa de Pós‐graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas‐SBFIs, School of DentistrySão Paulo State University—UNESPAraçatubaSão PauloBrazil
| | - Dóris H. Sumida
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of DentistrySão Paulo State University—UNESPAraçatubaSão PauloBrazil
- Department of Basic Sciences, Programa de Pós‐graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas‐SBFIs, School of DentistrySão Paulo State University—UNESPAraçatubaSão PauloBrazil
| | - Sandra H. P. Oliveira
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of DentistrySão Paulo State University—UNESPAraçatubaSão PauloBrazil
- Department of Basic Sciences, Programa de Pós‐graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas‐SBFIs, School of DentistrySão Paulo State University—UNESPAraçatubaSão PauloBrazil
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10
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Park SY, Kim KH, Park CH, Shin SY, Rhyu IC, Lee YM, Seol YJ. Enhanced Bone Regeneration by Diabetic Cell-Based Adenoviral BMP-2 Gene Therapy in Diabetic Animals. Tissue Eng Part A 2018; 24:930-942. [PMID: 29160182 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2017.0101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The application of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) has been extensively investigated to improve diabetes-impaired bone healing; however, the delivery of BMP-2 by gene therapy for bone regeneration has rarely been investigated in diabetic animals. In this study, we aimed to evaluate which cells induce more new bone formation in diabetic animals when cell-based BMP2 gene therapy is applied. For this purpose, we harvested bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) twice in the same animal before (non-diabetic BMSCs; nBMSCs) and after diabetes induction (diabetic BMSCs; dBMSCs) using modified bone marrow ablation methods. And then, cells were transduced by adenoviral vectors carrying the BMP2 gene (AdBMP2). In in vitro, AdBMP2-transfected dBMSCs (B2/dBMSCs) produced higher BMP-2 mRNA levels over 48 h, whereas AdBMP2-transfected nBMSCs (B2/nBMSCs) exhibited a transient increase in BMP-2 mRNA followed by a decrease to the baseline level within 48 h. Both B2/dBMSCs and B2/nBMSCs induced secretion of BMP-2 for 3 weeks. However, B2/dBMSC BMP-2 secretion peaked from day 3 to 10, whereas B2/nBMSC BMP-2 secretion peaked from day 1 to 7. The analysis of osteogenic activity revealed that mineralization nodule formation and the expression levels of osteogenic genes were significantly higher in B2/dBMSCs than B2/nBMSCs and were accompanied by upregulation of canonical Wnt/β-catenin and Smad signaling. AdBMP2-transfected autologous cells were implanted into critical-sized calvarial defects in diabetic animals and induced significantly more bone regeneration than non-AdBMP2-transfected cells. In addition, B2/dBMSCs led to significantly more new bone formation than B2/nBMSCs. Thus, BMP2 gene therapy using diabetic cells effectively supported diabetic bone healing and it was related to the enhanced responses to AdBMP2 of dBMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Young Park
- 1 Department of Periodontology and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University , Seoul, Korea.,2 Section of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital , Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Kyoung-Hwa Kim
- 1 Department of Periodontology and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University , Seoul, Korea
| | - Chan-Ho Park
- 3 Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University , Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung-Yun Shin
- 4 Department of Periodontology, Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University , Seoul, Korea
| | - In-Chul Rhyu
- 1 Department of Periodontology and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University , Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong-Moo Lee
- 1 Department of Periodontology and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University , Seoul, Korea
| | - Yang-Jo Seol
- 1 Department of Periodontology and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University , Seoul, Korea
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11
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Mary A, Hartemann A, Liabeuf S, Aubert CE, Kemel S, Salem JE, Cluzel P, Lenglet A, Massy ZA, Lalau JD, Mentaverri R, Bourron O, Kamel S. Association between metformin use and below-the-knee arterial calcification score in type 2 diabetic patients. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2017; 16:24. [PMID: 28202017 PMCID: PMC5311847 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-017-0509-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Vascular calcification (VC) is common in type 2 diabetes, and is associated with cardiovascular complications. Recent preclinical data suggest that metformin inhibits VC both in vitro and in animal models. However, metformin’s effects in patients with diabetic VC have not previously been characterized. The present study investigated the association between metformin use and lower-limb arterial calcification in patients with type 2 diabetes and high cardiovascular risk. Methods The DIACART cross-sectional cohort study included 198 patients with type 2 diabetes but without severe chronic kidney disease. Below-the-knee calcification scores were assessed by computed tomography and supplemented by colour duplex ultrasonography. Data on anti-diabetic drugs were carefully collected from the patients’ medical records and during patient interviews. Biochemical and clinical data were studied as potential confounding factors. Results Metformin-treated patients had a significantly lower calcification score than metformin-free patients (mean ± standard deviation: 2033 ± 4514 and 4684 ± 9291, respectively; p = 0.01). A univariate analysis showed that metformin was associated with a significantly lower prevalence of severe below-the-knee arterial calcification (p = 0.02). VC was not significantly associated with the use of other antidiabetic drugs, including sulfonylureas, insulin, gliptin, and glucagon like peptide-1 analogues. A multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that the association between metformin use and calcification score (odds ratio [95% confidence interval] = 0.33 [0.11–0.98]; p = 0.045) was independent of age, gender, tobacco use, renal function, previous cardiovascular disease, diabetes duration, neuropathy, retinopathy, HbA1c levels, and inflammation. Conclusions In patients with type 2 diabetes, metformin use was independently associated with a lower below-the-knee arterial calcification score. This association may contribute to metformin’s well-known vascular protective effect. Further prospective investigations of metformin’s potential ability to inhibit VC in patients with and without type 2 diabetes are now needed to confirm these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélien Mary
- INSERM U-1088, Pathophysiological Mechanisms and Consequences of Cardiovascular Calcifications, 80025, Amiens, France. .,Amiens University Medical Center, Pharmacy, 80054, Amiens, France. .,Universite de Picardie Jules Verne, UFR Pharmacie, 80025, Amiens, France.
| | - Agnes Hartemann
- Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital, Diabetology, 75005, Paris, France.,Universite Paris-Sorbonne, UMPC - Paris 06, 75005, Paris, Île-de-France, France.,INSERM UMR_S 1138, Centre de recherche des Cordeliers, 75006, Paris, France.,Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Liabeuf
- INSERM U-1088, Pathophysiological Mechanisms and Consequences of Cardiovascular Calcifications, 80025, Amiens, France.,Universite de Picardie Jules Verne, UFR Pharmacie, 80025, Amiens, France.,Amiens University Hospital, Clinical Research Centre, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, 80054, Amiens, France
| | - Carole Elodie Aubert
- INSERM UMR_S 1138, Centre de recherche des Cordeliers, 75006, Paris, France.,Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, General Internal Medicine, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Salim Kemel
- Universite Paris-Sorbonne, UMPC - Paris 06, 75005, Paris, Île-de-France, France.,Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital, Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiology, 75005, Paris, France.,FRANCE2Biomedical Imaging Lab, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Joe Elie Salem
- Universite Paris-Sorbonne, UMPC - Paris 06, 75005, Paris, Île-de-France, France.,Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Paris, France.,Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital, Pharmacology, 75005, Paris, France.,Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital, Clinical Investigation Center, CIC-1421, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Cluzel
- Universite Paris-Sorbonne, UMPC - Paris 06, 75005, Paris, Île-de-France, France.,Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital, Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiology, 75005, Paris, France.,FRANCE2Biomedical Imaging Lab, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Aurélie Lenglet
- INSERM U-1088, Pathophysiological Mechanisms and Consequences of Cardiovascular Calcifications, 80025, Amiens, France.,Amiens University Medical Center, Pharmacy, 80054, Amiens, France.,Universite de Picardie Jules Verne, UFR Pharmacie, 80025, Amiens, France
| | - Ziad A Massy
- Ambroise Paré Hospital, Nephrology, 92104, Boulogne-Billancourt, France.,Universite Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Paris-Ile-de-France-Ouest, 78000, Versailles, France.,INSERM U-1018, Research Centre in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP) Team 5, 94807, Villejuif, France
| | - Jean-Daniel Lalau
- INSERM U-1088, Pathophysiological Mechanisms and Consequences of Cardiovascular Calcifications, 80025, Amiens, France.,Amiens University Medical Center, Endocrinology and Nutrition, 80054, Amiens, France.,Universite de Picardie Jules Verne, UFR Médecine, 80025, Amiens, France
| | - Romuald Mentaverri
- INSERM U-1088, Pathophysiological Mechanisms and Consequences of Cardiovascular Calcifications, 80025, Amiens, France.,Universite de Picardie Jules Verne, UFR Pharmacie, 80025, Amiens, France.,Amiens University Hospital, Bone and Endocrine Biology, 80054, Amiens, France
| | - Olivier Bourron
- Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital, Diabetology, 75005, Paris, France.,Universite Paris-Sorbonne, UMPC - Paris 06, 75005, Paris, Île-de-France, France.,INSERM UMR_S 1138, Centre de recherche des Cordeliers, 75006, Paris, France.,Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Paris, France
| | - Saïd Kamel
- INSERM U-1088, Pathophysiological Mechanisms and Consequences of Cardiovascular Calcifications, 80025, Amiens, France. .,Universite de Picardie Jules Verne, UFR Pharmacie, 80025, Amiens, France. .,Amiens University Hospital, Biochemistry, 80054, Amiens, France.
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12
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Avogaro A, Fadini GP. Mechanisms of ectopic calcification: implications for diabetic vasculopathy. Cardiovasc Diagn Ther 2015; 5:343-52. [PMID: 26543821 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2223-3652.2015.06.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Vascular calcification (VC) is the deposition of calcium/phosphate in the vasculature, which portends a worse clinical outcome and predicts major adverse cardiovascular events. VC is an active process initiated and regulated via a variety of molecular signalling pathways. There are mainly two types of calcifications: the media VC and the intima VC. All major risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) have been linked to the presence/development of VC. Besides the risk factors, a genetic component is also operative to determine arterial calcification. Several events take place before VC is established, including inflammation, trans-differentiation of vascular cells and homing of circulating pro-calcific cells. Diabetes is an important predisposing factor for VC. Compared with non-diabetic subjects, patients with diabetes show increased VC and higher expression of bone-related proteins in the medial layer of the vessels. In this review we will highlight the mechanisms underlying vascular calcification in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Avogaro
- 1 Division of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy ; 2 Laboratory of Experimental Diabetology, Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
| | - Gian Paolo Fadini
- 1 Division of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy ; 2 Laboratory of Experimental Diabetology, Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
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13
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Avogaro A, Rattazzi M, Fadini GP. Ectopic calcification in diabetic vascular disease. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2014; 18:595-609. [DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2014.894021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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14
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Zhao Y, Zhang D, Wang S, Tao L, Wang A, Chen W, Zhu Z, Zheng S, Gao X, Lu Y. Holothurian glycosaminoglycan inhibits metastasis and thrombosis via targeting of nuclear factor-κB/tissue factor/Factor Xa pathway in melanoma B16F10 cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e56557. [PMID: 23437168 PMCID: PMC3578936 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0056557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Accepted: 01/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Holothurian glycosaminoglycan (hGAG) is a high-molecular-weight form of fucosylated chondroitin sulfate and has an antithrombotic effect. Our previous studies demonstrated that hGAG efficiently inhibited tumor cell metastasis. The interplays between thrombosis and tumor progression may have a major impact on hematogenous metastasis. In this study, we demonstrated that the mouse melanoma B16F10 cells treated with hGAG displayed a significant reduction of metastasis and coagulation capacity in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistic studies revealed that hGAG treatment in B16F10 cells remarkably inhibited the formation of fibrin through attenuating the generation of activated Factor Xa (FXa), without affecting the expression of urokinase (uPA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) that involved in fibrinolysis. Moreover, hGAG treatment downregulated the transcription and protein expression of tissue factor (TF). Promoter deletions, site mutations and functional studies identified that the nuclear transcription factor NF-κB binding region is responsible for hGAG-induced inhibition of TF expression. While the hGAG treatment of B16F10 cells was unable to inhibit NF-κB expression and phosphorylation, hGAG significantly prevented nuclear translocation of NF-κB from the cytosol, a potential mechanism underlying the transcriptional suppression of TF. Moreover, hGAG markedly suppressed the activation of p38MAPK and ERK1/2 signaling pathways, the central regulators for the expression of metastasis-related matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Consequently, hGAG exerts a dual function in the inhibition of metastasis and coagulation activity in mouse melanoma B16F10 cells. Our studies suggest hGAG to be a promising therapeutic agent for metastatic cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Daohai Zhang
- Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sheng Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Tao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Aiyun Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenxing Chen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhijie Zhu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shizhong Zheng
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Efficacy and Safety Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Model Animal Research Center of Nanjing University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yin Lu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Efficacy and Safety Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
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15
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Li XF, Wang SJ, Jiang LS, Dai LY. Stage specific effect of leptin on the expressions of estrogen receptor and extracellular matrix in a model of chondrocyte differentiation. Cytokine 2013; 61:876-84. [PMID: 23357303 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2012.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2012] [Revised: 11/20/2012] [Accepted: 12/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Endochondral ossification is a dynamic process. The interaction between leptin and estrogen in this process is complicated. Whether there is a stage specific crosstalk between leptin and estrogen in the differentiation process of the chondrocytes in the growth plate remains unknown. The aim of our study was to investigate the effect of leptin on the expression of estrogen receptors and extracellular matrix in ATDC5 cells, an in vitro model of endochondral ossification. First, we quantified the physiological expressions of estrogen receptors α, β (ERα, ERβ), leptin receptor (Ob-Rb), type II and type X collagens in definite stages of endochondral ossification in ATDC5 cells using real-time PCR. Dynamic and stage specific expression characteristics of these target genes were observed. Simultaneous expressions of Ob-Rb with ERα or ERβ in ATDC5 cells were also found with dual-label confocal immunofluorescency. Then using Western blotting analysis and/or real-time PCR, we detected that, leptin treatment up-regulated the expressions of ERα, ERβ and type II collagen, but down-regulated type X collagen expression and the ERα/ERβ ratio in the chondrogenic differentiation stage. Meanwhile, leptin down-regulated the expressions of ERα, type II and type X collagens, and the ERα/ERβ ratio, but up-regulated the expression of ERβ in the hypertrophic differentiation stage. Significant positive correlation existed between ERα and type II collagen expression, and between the ratio of ERα/ERβ and type X collagen production. In summary, the crosstalk between leptin and estrogen receptor might be differentiation stage specific in ATDC5 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Feng Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
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16
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Wu D, Ba Z, Zhao W, Zhang Y, Liu J, Meng Y. Ossification of the posterior longitudinal and yellow ligaments on the lumbar spine. Orthopedics 2012; 35:e298-301. [PMID: 22310425 DOI: 10.3928/01477447-20120123-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament and ossification of the yellow ligament are the main causes of spinal canal stenosis. This article describes a case of ossification of the posterior longitudinal and yellow ligaments on the lumbar spine. The patient presented with gradually worsening left lower-extremity ache and pain. The deep tendon reflex was hyperreflexia in the lower extremities. Disturbances existed in the blade and bowel. The ossified lesion of ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament was observed at L5-S1, and plain lateral radiographs and computed tomography revealed ossification of the yellow ligament on L3, which occupied a large part of the spinal canal. Because of the findings on the preoperative radiographs, we performed posterior approach decompression and bone grafting and excisied the ossified lesion. Pedicle screws were inserted from L3 to S1. The patient's symptoms disappeared postoperatively, and his Japanese Orthopaedic Association score was 25 two weeks postoperatively. No standard surgical procedure exists for the treatment of lumbar ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament, but it is important to select a surgical procedure according to individual patient conditions. Many factors, such as local mechanic stress, tissue metabolism, high glucose, and genetics, contribute to the progression of ossification of the posterior longitudinal and yellow ligaments on the lumbar spine. However, the mechanism is unclear. Further study and long-term follow-up on lumbar ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desheng Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, PR China.
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17
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Li XF, Wang SJ, Jiang LS, Dai LY. Gender- and region-specific variations of estrogen receptor α and β expression in the growth plate of spine and limb during development and adulthood. Histochem Cell Biol 2011; 137:79-95. [PMID: 22057437 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-011-0877-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Although estrogen action is indispensable for normal bone growth in both genders, the roles of estrogen receptors (ERs) in mediating bone growth are not fully understood. The effects of ER inactivation on bone growth are sex and age dependent, and may differ between the axial and appendicular regions. In this study, the spatial and temporal expression of ERα and β in the tibial and spinal growth plates of the female and male rats during postnatal development was examined to explore the possible mechanisms. The level of mRNA was examined and compared with quantitative real-time PCR. The spatial location was determined by immunohistochemical analysis. The 1-, 4-, 7-, 12- and 16-week age stages correspond to early life, puberty and early adulthood after puberty, respectively. Gender- and region-specific differences in ERα and β expression were shown in the growth plates. Mainly nuclear staining of ERα and β immunoreactivity was demonstrated in the spinal and tibial growth plate chondrocytes for both genders. Moreover, our study indicated significant effect of gender on temporal ERα and β expression and of region on temporal ERα/ERβ expression ratio. However, spatial differences of region-related ERα and β expression were not observed. Gender-related spatial changes were detected only at 16 weeks of both spine and limb growth plates. ERα and β immunoreactivity was detected in the resting, proliferative and prehypertrophic chondrocytes in the early life stage and during puberty. After puberty, ERα expression was mainly located in the late proliferative and hypertrophic chondrocytes in female, whereas the expression still extended from the resting to hypertrophic chondrocytes in males. Gender- and region-specific expression patterns of ERα and β gene might be one possible reason for differences in sex- and region-related body growth phenotypes. Gender, age and region differences should be taken into consideration when the roles of ERs in the growth plate are investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Feng Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, 200092 Shanghai, China
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18
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Chang PC, Chung MC, Wang YP, Chien LY, Lim JC, Liang K, Chong LY, Kuo YP, Chen CH, Chiang HC. Patterns of diabetic periodontal wound repair: a study using micro-computed tomography and immunohistochemistry. J Periodontol 2011; 83:644-52. [PMID: 21966943 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2011.110325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes is known to impair wound healing and deteriorate the periodontal condition. There is limited information about the patterns and events associated with periodontal wound repair. In this study, we evaluate the dynamics of periodontal wound repair using micro-computed tomography (microCT) and immunohistochemistry. METHODS Thirty-six male rats were used, and diabetes was induced by streptozotocin. The maxillary first molars were extracted, and a tooth-associated osseous defect was created in the extraction area. Animals were sacrificed after 7, 14, and 21 days. Volumetry and distribution of bone trabeculae were evaluated by microCT imaging. The patterns of healing and collagen alignment were evaluated by histology. Advanced glycation end-product (AGE) deposition and expression of the receptor for AGEs (RAGE), tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen were evaluated by histochemical and immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS Diabetic animals demonstrated a significantly reduced bone volume and trabecular number as well as thinner trabeculae and more trabecular separation in osseous defects. The early stage was characterized by significantly reduced cellular proliferation and prolonged active inflammation without evident bone resorption, whereas delayed recovery of collagen realignment, matrix deposition, and bone turnover was noted in later stages. Although AGEs and RAGE were present during healing in diabetes and controls, a stronger and more persistent level of expression was observed in the group with diabetes CONCLUSIONS Diabetes significantly delayed osseous defect healing by augmenting inflammation, impairing proliferation, and delaying bone resorption. The AGE-RAGE axis can be activated under metabolic disturbance and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Chun Chang
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
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19
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Li XF, Yan J, Jiang LS, Dai LY. Age-related variations of leptin receptor expression in the growth plate of spine and limb: gender- and region-specific changes. Histochem Cell Biol 2011; 135:487-97. [PMID: 21452040 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-011-0805-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/15/2011] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Leptin is a potent growth-stimulating factor of bone. The effects of leptin on bone growth differ significantly between axial and appendicular regions. Gender differences of leptin function have also been suggested in normal pubertal development. To explore the mechanisms underlying these effects, we investigated the spatial and temporal expressions of the active form of the leptin receptor (Ob-Rb) in the tibial and spinal growth plates of the female and male rats during postnatal development. The 1-, 4-, 7-, 12- and 16-week age stages are representative for early life, puberty and early adulthood after puberty, respectively. Quantitative real-time PCR was used for Ob-Rb mRNA examination and comparison. The spatial location of Ob-Rb was determined by immunohistochemical analysis. There were gender- and region-specific differences in Ob-Rb mRNA expression in the growth plate. Mainly cytoplasm staining of Ob-Rb immunoreactivity was observed in the spinal and tibial growth plate chondrocytes of both genders. Spatial differences of region- and gender-related Ob-Rb expression were not observed. Ob-Rb immunoreactivity was detected in the resting, proliferative and prehypertrophic chondrocytes in early life stage and during puberty. After puberty, staining was mainly located in the late proliferative and hypertrophic chondrocytes. The results of Ob-Rb HSCORE analysis were similar to those obtained from quantitative real-time PCR. Our study indicated direct effects on the chondrocytes of the growth plate in different development stages. The region-specific expression patterns of Ob-Rb gene might be one possible reason for contrasting phenotypes in limb and spine. Different Ob-Rb expression patterns might partly contribute to age- and gender- related differences in trabecular bone mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Feng Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, 200092, Shanghai, China
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20
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Dienelt A, zur Nieden NI. Hyperglycemia impairs skeletogenesis from embryonic stem cells by affecting osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation. Stem Cells Dev 2010; 20:465-74. [PMID: 20939707 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2010.0205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
High maternal blood glucose levels caused by diabetes mellitus can irreversibly lead to maldevelopment of the growing fetus with specific effects on the skeleton. To date, it remains controversial at which stage embryonic development is affected. Specifically during embryonic bone development, it is unclear whether diminished bone mineral density is caused by reduced osteoblast or rather enhanced osteoclast function. Therefore, the aim of this study was to characterize the growth as well as the skeletal differentiation capability of pluripotent embryonic stem cells (ESCs), which may serve as an in vitro model for all stages of embryonic development, when cultured in diabetic levels of D-glucose (4.5 g/L) versus physiological levels (1.0 g/L). Results showed that cells cultivated in physiological glucose gave rise to a higher number of colonies with an undifferentiated character as compared to cells grown in diabetic glucose concentrations. In contrast, these cultures were characterized by slightly decreased expression of proteins associated with the stem cell state. Furthermore, differentiation of ESCs into osteoblasts and osteoclasts was favored in physiological glucose concentrations, demonstrated by an increased matrix calcification, enhanced expression of cell-type-specific mRNAs, as well as activity of the cell-type-specific enzymes, alkaline, and tartrate resistant acidic phosphatase. In fact, this pattern was noted in murine as well as in primate ESCs. Our study suggests that an interplay between both the osteoblast and the osteoclast lineage is needed for proper skeletal development to occur, which seems impaired in hyperglycemic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke Dienelt
- Applied Stem Cell Technologies Unit, Department of Cell Therapy, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
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Park KH, Han DI, Rhee YH, Jeong SJ, Kim SH, Park YG. Protein kinase C βII and δ/θ play critical roles in bone morphogenic protein-4-stimulated osteoblastic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2010; 403:7-12. [PMID: 20971075 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.10.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2010] [Accepted: 10/17/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Bone morphogenic protein-4 (BMP-4), one of TGF-β superfamily, is involved in bone and cartilage development, specifically tooth and bone fracture repair. In the present study, the role of protein kinase C (PKC) was investigated in BMP-4-induced differentiation of osteoblast-like MC3T3-E1 cells. PKC inhibitor UCN-01 significantly attenuated the synthesis of osteocalcin, a marker of mature osteoblast phenotype, in a dose-dependent manner as well as blocked osteroblastic differentiation and mineralization in BMP-4-treated MC3T3-E1 cells. Also, UCN-01 suppressed vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) production in BMP-4-treated MC3T3-E1 cells. In addition, UCN-01 remarkably suppressed BMP-4-activated PKC βII and PKC δ/θ of PKC family proteins by Western blotting. Consistently, 2-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) immunoblotting revealed that UCN-01 inhibited the BMP-4-induced activation of PKC subfamilies in MC3T3-E1 cells. Taken together, our findings suggest that PKC βII and PKC δ/θ mediate BMP-4-induced osteoblastic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki Ho Park
- Department of Orthodontics Kyung-Hee University School of Dentistry, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
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