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Hansen LH, Madsen TD, Goth CK, Clausen H, Chen Y, Dzhoyashvili N, Iyer SR, Sangaralingham SJ, Burnett JC, Rehfeld JF, Vakhrushev SY, Schjoldager KT, Goetze JP. Discovery of O-glycans on atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) that affect both its proteolytic degradation and potency at its cognate receptor. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:12567-12578. [PMID: 31186350 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.008102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) is a peptide hormone that in response to atrial stretch is secreted from atrial myocytes into the circulation, where it stimulates vasodilatation and natriuresis. ANP is an important biomarker of heart failure where low plasma concentrations exclude cardiac dysfunction. ANP is a member of the natriuretic peptide (NP) family, which also includes the B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and the C-type natriuretic peptide. The proforms of these hormones undergo processing to mature peptides, and for proBNP, this process has previously been demonstrated to be regulated by O-glycosylation. It has been suggested that proANP also may undergo post-translational modifications. Here, we conducted a targeted O-glycoproteomics approach to characterize O-glycans on NPs and demonstrate that all NP members can carry O-glycans. We identified four O-glycosites in proANP in the porcine heart, and surprisingly, two of these were located on the mature bioactive ANP itself. We found that one of these glycans is located within a conserved sequence motif of the receptor-binding region, suggesting that O-glycans may serve a function beyond intracellular processing and maturation. We also identified an O-glycoform of proANP naturally occurring in human circulation. We demonstrated that site-specific O-glycosylation shields bioactive ANP from proteolytic degradation and modifies potency at its cognate receptor in vitro Furthermore, we showed that ANP O-glycosylation attenuates acute renal and cardiovascular ANP actions in vivo The discovery of novel glycosylated ANP proteoforms reported here significantly improves our understanding of cardiac endocrinology and provides important insight into the etiology of heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lasse H Hansen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, 9 Blegdamsvej, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark,Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Daugbjerg Madsen
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christoffer K Goth
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henrik Clausen
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Yang Chen
- Cardiorenal Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
| | - Nina Dzhoyashvili
- Cardiorenal Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
| | - Seethalakshmi R Iyer
- Cardiorenal Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
| | - S Jeson Sangaralingham
- Cardiorenal Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
| | - John C Burnett
- Cardiorenal Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
| | - Jens F Rehfeld
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, 9 Blegdamsvej, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sergey Y Vakhrushev
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Katrine T Schjoldager
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens P Goetze
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, 9 Blegdamsvej, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark .,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 3 Blegdamsvej, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
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Schwarz S, Kalbitz M, Hummler HD, Mendler MR. Transthoracic Echocardiography of the Neonatal Laboratory Piglet. Front Pediatr 2019; 7:318. [PMID: 31417887 PMCID: PMC6684740 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2019.00318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Newborn piglets are commonly used in biomedical research. However, cardiovascular imaging of this species is quite challenging. For point of care diagnostics of heart function transthoracic echocardiography may be used, which appears to differ comparing newborn piglets with adult pigs. To date, there are few data or studies on the feasibility and quality of measurement of functional echocardiographic parameters in very small neonatal piglets. Objectives: To study the feasibility of transthoracic echocardiography in very small newborn piglets in supine position. Methods: In 44 anesthetized and intubated newborn piglets, positioned in supine position [age 32 h (12-44 h), weight 1,220 g (1,060-1,495 g), median (IQR)] transthoracic echocardiography was performed using a point of care ultrasound device (M-Turbo©, FujiFilm SonoSite BV, Amsterdam, Netherlands), and a standard ultrasound transducer. Results: Using 2D- and M-mode-imaging left- and right-sided heart structures were accessible to transthoracic echocardiography in neonatal piglets. Diameters of the interventricular septum, the left ventricle, and the posterior wall were measured and ejection fraction and shortening fraction was calculated. Both left and right ventricular outflow tract could be imaged, and ventricular filling and systolic function could be evaluated. Furthermore, we were able to assess shunts of fetal circulation, such as patent ductus arteriosus, structure of the heart valves and congenital heart defects including ventricular septal defect. Conclusions: In summary, transthoracic echocardiography is feasible for assessment of cardiovascular function even in very small newborn laboratory piglets in supine position.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Schwarz
- Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Miriam Kalbitz
- Department of Traumatology, Hand-, Plastic-, and Reconstructive Surgery, Center of Surgery, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Helmut D Hummler
- Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.,Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Marc R Mendler
- Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
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Goetze JP, Hunter I, Zois NE, Terzic D, Valeur N, Olsen LH, Smith J, Plomgaard P, Hansen LH, Rehfeld JF, Balling L, Gustafsson F. Cardiac procholecystokinin expression during haemodynamic changes in the mammalian heart. Peptides 2018; 108:7-13. [PMID: 30121362 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2018.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac myocytes express the cholecystokinin gene (CCK) at propeptide level. We recently reported that cardiac CCK expression is acutely regulated by isoprenaline in a porcine model. The regulation of CCK expression after myocardial infarction, in exercise, and in severe heart failure is, however, unknown. Cardiac tissue was obtained from healthy new-born and adolescent farm pigs. Myocardial infarction was induced by coronary artery occlusion in adult minipigs. Healthy male subjects performed a 3-hour exercise test, and patients with severe heart failure referred for right heart catheterization were included. Extracts of porcine cardiac tissue and human plasma were analysed with specific proCCK radioimmunoassays. Cardiac proCCK expression shifted from the right atrium in new-born piglets to include the left atrium in adolescent pigs. Regional proCCK expression in the adolescent pig heart was mainly confined to the atria without different expression in sinus node tissue. In adult minipigs with myocardial infarction, no changes in overall left ventricular function or proCCK expression were observed after 8 weeks. In healthy adults, proCCK in circulation increased markedly during exercise in parallel with pro-B-type natriuretic peptide. Finally, patients with severe heart failure displayed markedly increased proCCK - but not CCK - concentrations in plasma. Taken together, our data shows that regional proCCK expression reflects haemodynamic changes in the mammalian heart. The data supports the notion that cardiac CCK expression resembles that of cardiac natriuretic peptides in atria. The ventricular content of proCCK, however, differs from natriuretic peptides and suggests a distinct secretory pathway in ventricular cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens P Goetze
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Ingrid Hunter
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nora E Zois
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dijana Terzic
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nana Valeur
- Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - L H Olsen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Julie Smith
- Department of Technology, Metropolitan University College, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Plomgaard
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lasse H Hansen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens F Rehfeld
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - L Balling
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Finn Gustafsson
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Hansen LH, Darkner S, Svendsen JH, Henningsen K, Pehrson S, Chen X, Vakhrushev SY, Schjoldager KT, Goetze JP. Chromogranin A in the mammalian heart: expression without secretion. Biomark Med 2017; 11:541-545. [PMID: 28685598 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2017-0052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate whether chromogranin A (CgA) is secreted from the heart into circulation. MATERIALS & METHODS Porcine cardiac tissue was analyzed for the presence of CgA-derived glycopeptides using a global O-glycoproteomic strategy. Blood was sampled from the femoral vein, right atrium, coronary sinus and the left atrium from patients with predominantly atrial disease. The local concentration of proatrial natriuretic peptide and CgA was measured with immunoassays. RESULTS We identified CgA-derived glycopeptides exclusively in the atrial tissue. Proatrial natriuretic peptide is secreted from the heart (coronary sinus [795 pmol/l] vs left atrium [678 pmol/l]; p < 0.01) whereas no CgA gradient across the heart could be established (p = 0.6366). CONCLUSION The cardiac atria express but do not secrete CgA into circulation in patients with atrial disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lasse H Hansen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stine Darkner
- Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jesper H Svendsen
- Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kristoffer Henningsen
- Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Steen Pehrson
- Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Xu Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sergey Y Vakhrushev
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Katrine T Schjoldager
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens P Goetze
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Goetze JP, Johnsen AH, Kistorp C, Gustafsson F, Johnbeck CB, Rehfeld JF. Cardiomyocyte expression and cell-specific processing of procholecystokinin. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:6837-43. [PMID: 25627687 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.622670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart muscle cells produce peptide hormones such as natriuretic peptides. Developing hearts also express the gene for the classic intestinal hormone cholecystokinin (CCK) in amounts similar to those in the intestine and brain. However, cardiac expression of peptides other than natriuretic peptides has only been suggested using transcriptional measures or methods, with the post-translational phase of gene expression unaddressed. In this study, we examined the cardiac expression of the CCK gene in adult mammals and its expression at the protein level. Using quantitative PCR, a library of sequence-specific pro-CCK assays, peptide purification, and mass spectrometry, we demonstrate that the mammalian heart expresses pro-CCK in amounts comparable to natriuretic prohormones and processes it to a unique, triple-sulfated, and N-terminally truncated product distinct from intestinal and cerebral CCK peptides. Isoprenaline rapidly stimulated cardiac CCK gene expression in vitro and in vivo, which suggests that the cardiac-specific truncated pro-CCK may have pathophysiological relevance as a new marker of heart failure. The suggestion is confirmed by measurement of plasma from heart failure patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens P Goetze
- From the Departments of Clinical Biochemistry and Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark the Department of Endocrinology, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, 2730 Herlev, and
| | - Anders H Johnsen
- From the Departments of Clinical Biochemistry and Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, the Department of Endocrinology, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, 2730 Herlev, and
| | - Caroline Kistorp
- From the Departments of Clinical Biochemistry and Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, the Department of Endocrinology, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, 2730 Herlev, and
| | - Finn Gustafsson
- From the Departments of Clinical Biochemistry and Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, the Department of Endocrinology, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, 2730 Herlev, and
| | - Camilla B Johnbeck
- From the Departments of Clinical Biochemistry and Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, the Department of Endocrinology, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, 2730 Herlev, and
| | - Jens F Rehfeld
- From the Departments of Clinical Biochemistry and Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, the Department of Endocrinology, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, 2730 Herlev, and
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Hansen LH, Smith J, Goetze JP. Cardiac C-type natriuretic peptide gene expression and plasma concentrations in neonatal piglets. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 188:66-9. [PMID: 24373811 DOI: 10.1016/j.regpep.2013.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2013] [Revised: 12/11/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) is a member of the natriuretic peptide family. Cardiac ANP and BNP expressions are firmly established, whereas CNP expression in the mammalian heart remains controversial. In the present report, we used a porcine model of the neonatal period with high expressions of cardiac ANP and BNP in order to elucidate the cardiac CNP expression profile. METHODS Plasma and cardiac tissue were obtained from newborn piglets during the first 72 h of life. The chamber-specific CNP mRNA contents were quantified by real-time PCR analysis. The proCNP concentrations in plasma and cardiac tissue extracts were quantified by a porcine-specific radioimmunoassay. RESULTS Cardiac CNP mRNA contents (n=24) were low compared to sites of known expression, where porcine seminal vesicle CNP mRNA contents were 200-fold higher. In addition, plasma proCNP concentrations in the newborn piglets (n=44) were exceedingly low compared to proANP concentrations (5.3 pmol/L (3.2-8.6) vs. 3438 pmol/L (2790-5418), p<0.0001). The proCNP concentrations in atrial tissue extracts were barely detectable (≤0.06 pmol/g) (n=2) compared to ventricular proANP (130 pmol/g (101-159)) and atrial proANP (12,303 pmol/g (10,623-15,412)). CONCLUSION Our data show that the heart is not a major source of circulating proCNP in neonatal piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lasse H Hansen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, 9 Blegdamsvej, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Julie Smith
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, 9 Blegdamsvej, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Technology, Faculty of Health and Technology, Metropolitan University College, Sigurdsgade 26, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens P Goetze
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, 9 Blegdamsvej, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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