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Hou X, Tian F. STAT3-mediated osteogenesis and osteoclastogenesis in osteoporosis. Cell Commun Signal 2022; 20:112. [PMID: 35879773 PMCID: PMC9310501 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-022-00924-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a common skeletal disease with marked bone loss, deterioration of the bone microstructure and bone fragility. An abnormal bone remodelling cycle with relatively increased bone resorption is the crucial pathophysiological mechanism. Bone remodelling is predominantly controlled by osteoblasts and osteoclasts, which are specialized cell types that are regulated by a variety of osteogenic and osteoclastic factors, including cytokines expressed within the bone microenvironment under local or systemic inflammatory conditions. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) plays a prominent role in the communication between cytokines and kinases by binding downstream gene promotors and is involved in a wide range of biological or pathological processes. Emerging evidence suggests that STAT3 and its network participate in bone remodelling and the development of osteoporosis, and this factor may be a potent target for osteoporosis treatment. This review focuses on the role and molecular mechanism of the STAT3 signalling pathway in osteogenesis, osteoclastogenesis and osteoporosis, particularly the bone-related cytokines that regulate the osteoblastic differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells and the osteoclastic differentiation of bone marrow macrophages by initiating STAT3 signalling. This review also examines the cellular interactions among immune cells, haematopoietic cells and osteoblastic/osteoclastic cells. Video abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Hou
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Caofeidian Dis, Bohai Road 21, Tangshan, 063210, People's Republic of China
| | - Faming Tian
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Caofeidian Dis, Bohai Road 21, Tangshan, 063210, People's Republic of China.
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2
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Leightner AC, Mello Guimaraes Meyers C, Evans MD, Mansky KC, Gopalakrishnan R, Jensen ED. Regulation of Osteoclast Differentiation at Multiple Stages by Protein Kinase D Family Kinases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21031056. [PMID: 32033440 PMCID: PMC7036879 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21031056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Balanced osteoclast and osteoblast activity is necessary for skeletal health, whereas unbalanced osteoclast activity causes bone loss in many skeletal conditions. A better understanding of pathways that regulate osteoclast differentiation and activity is necessary for the development of new therapies to better manage bone resorption. The roles of Protein Kinase D (PKD) family of serine/threonine kinases in osteoclasts have not been well characterized. In this study we use immunofluorescence analysis to reveal that PKD2 and PKD3, the isoforms expressed in osteoclasts, are found in the nucleus and cytoplasm, the mitotic spindle and midbody, and in association with the actin belt. We show that PKD inhibitors CRT0066101 and CID755673 inhibit several distinct aspects of osteoclast formation. Treating bone marrow macrophages with lower doses of the PKD inhibitors had little effect on M-CSF + RANKL-dependent induction into committed osteoclast precursors, but inhibited their motility and subsequent differentiation into multinucleated mature osteoclasts, whereas higher doses of the PKD inhibitors induced apoptosis of the preosteoclasts. Treating post-fusion multinucleated osteoclasts with the inhibitors disrupted the osteoclast actin belts and impaired their resorptive activity. In conclusion, these data implicate PKD kinases as positive regulators of osteoclasts, which are essential for multiple distinct processes throughout their formation and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda C. Leightner
- Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota School of Dentistry, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Carina Mello Guimaraes Meyers
- Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota School of Dentistry, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Michael D. Evans
- Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Kim C. Mansky
- Department of Developmental and Surgical Sciences, University of Minnesota School of Dentistry, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Rajaram Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota School of Dentistry, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Eric D. Jensen
- Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota School of Dentistry, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-612-626-4159
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3
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Bollag WB, Ding KH, Choudhary V, Xu J, Zhong Q, Elsayed R, Bailey LJ, Elsalanty M, Yu K, Johnson MH, McGee-Lawrence ME, Isales CM. Protein kinase D1 conditional null mice show minimal bone loss following ovariectomy. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2018. [PMID: 29530783 PMCID: PMC6733406 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2018.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
We previously found that 3- and 6-month-old male mice with conditional ablation of protein kinase D1 (PRKD1) in osteoprogenitor cells (expressing Osterix) exhibited reduced bone mass. Others have demonstrated similar effects in young female PRKD1-deficient mice. Here we examined the bone resorptive response of adult female floxed control and conditional knockout (cKO) mice undergoing sham surgery or ovariectomy (OVX). Femoral and tibial bone mineral density (BMD) values were significantly reduced upon OVX in control, but not cKO, females compared to the respective sham-operated mice. Micro-CT analysis showed that OVX significantly increased trabecular number and decreased trabecular spacing in cKO but not control mice. Finally, in control mice serum levels of a marker of bone resorption (pyridinoline crosslinks) and the osteoclast activator RANKL significantly increased upon OVX; however, no such OVX-induced increase was observed in cKO mice. Our results suggest the potential importance of PRKD1 in response to estrogen loss in bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy B Bollag
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30904, United States; Institute for Regenerative and Reparative Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States; Department of Physiology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States; Department of Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States.
| | - Ke-Hong Ding
- Institute for Regenerative and Reparative Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States; Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States
| | - Vivek Choudhary
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30904, United States; Department of Physiology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States
| | - Jianrui Xu
- Institute for Regenerative and Reparative Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States; Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States
| | - Qing Zhong
- Institute for Regenerative and Reparative Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States; Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States
| | - Ranya Elsayed
- Department of Oral Biology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States
| | - Lakiea J Bailey
- Institute for Regenerative and Reparative Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States; Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States
| | - Mohammed Elsalanty
- Institute for Regenerative and Reparative Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States; Department of Oral Biology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States
| | - Kanglun Yu
- Institute for Regenerative and Reparative Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States; Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States
| | - Maribeth H Johnson
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States
| | - Meghan E McGee-Lawrence
- Institute for Regenerative and Reparative Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States; Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States
| | - Carlos M Isales
- Institute for Regenerative and Reparative Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States; Department of Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States; Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States
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4
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Bollag WB, Choudhary V, Zhong Q, Ding KH, Xu J, Elsayed R, Yu K, Su Y, Bailey LJ, Shi XM, Elsalanty M, Johnson MH, McGee-Lawrence ME, Isales CM. Deletion of protein kinase D1 in osteoprogenitor cells results in decreased osteogenesis in vitro and reduced bone mineral density in vivo. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2018; 461:22-31. [PMID: 28811183 PMCID: PMC5756499 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Protein kinase D1 (PRKD1) is thought to play a role in a number of cellular functions, including proliferation and differentiation. We hypothesized that PRKD1 in bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSC) could modulate osteogenesis. In BMMSCs from floxed PRKD1 mice, PRKD1 ablation with adenovirus-mediated Cre-recombinase expression inhibited BMMSC differentiation in vitro. In 3- and 6-month-old conditional knockout mice (cKO), in which PRKD1 was ablated in osteoprogenitor cells by osterix promoter-driven Cre-recombinase, bone mineral density (BMD) was significantly reduced compared with floxed control littermates. Microcomputed tomography analysis also demonstrated a decrease in trabecular thickness and bone volume fraction in cKO mice at these ages. Dynamic bone histomorphometry suggested a mineralization defect in the cKO mice. However, by 9 months of age, the bone appeared to compensate for the lack of PRKD1, and BMD was not different. Taken together, these results suggest a potentially important role for PRKD1 in bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy B Bollag
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30904, United States; Institute for Regenerative and Reparative Medicine, Augusta University, 30912, United States; Department of Physiology, Augusta University, 30912, United States; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Augusta University, 30912, United States; Department of Medicine, Augusta University, 30912, United States; Department of Oral Biology, Augusta University, 30912, United States; Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Augusta University, 30912, United States.
| | - Vivek Choudhary
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30904, United States; Department of Physiology, Augusta University, 30912, United States
| | - Qing Zhong
- Institute for Regenerative and Reparative Medicine, Augusta University, 30912, United States; Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Augusta University, 30912, United States
| | - Ke-Hong Ding
- Institute for Regenerative and Reparative Medicine, Augusta University, 30912, United States; Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Augusta University, 30912, United States
| | - Jianrui Xu
- Institute for Regenerative and Reparative Medicine, Augusta University, 30912, United States; Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Augusta University, 30912, United States
| | - Ranya Elsayed
- Department of Oral Biology, Augusta University, 30912, United States
| | - Kanglun Yu
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Augusta University, 30912, United States
| | - Yun Su
- Institute for Regenerative and Reparative Medicine, Augusta University, 30912, United States; Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Augusta University, 30912, United States
| | - Lakiea J Bailey
- Institute for Regenerative and Reparative Medicine, Augusta University, 30912, United States; Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Augusta University, 30912, United States
| | - Xing-Ming Shi
- Institute for Regenerative and Reparative Medicine, Augusta University, 30912, United States; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Augusta University, 30912, United States; Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Augusta University, 30912, United States
| | - Mohammed Elsalanty
- Institute for Regenerative and Reparative Medicine, Augusta University, 30912, United States; Department of Oral Biology, Augusta University, 30912, United States
| | - Maribeth H Johnson
- Institute for Regenerative and Reparative Medicine, Augusta University, 30912, United States; Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Augusta University, 30912, United States; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Augusta University, 30912, United States
| | - Meghan E McGee-Lawrence
- Institute for Regenerative and Reparative Medicine, Augusta University, 30912, United States; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Augusta University, 30912, United States; Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Augusta University, 30912, United States
| | - Carlos M Isales
- Institute for Regenerative and Reparative Medicine, Augusta University, 30912, United States; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Augusta University, 30912, United States; Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Augusta University, 30912, United States
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Li S, Xu W, Xing Z, Qian J, Chen L, Gu R, Guo W, Lai X, Zhao W, Li S, Wang Y, Wang QJ, Deng F. A Conditional Knockout Mouse Model Reveals a Critical Role of PKD1 in Osteoblast Differentiation and Bone Development. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40505. [PMID: 28084409 PMCID: PMC5233966 DOI: 10.1038/srep40505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The protein kinase D family of serine/threonine kinases, particularly PKD1, has been implicated in the regulation of a complex array of fundamental biological processes. However, its function and mechanism underlying PKD1-mediated the bone development and osteoblast differentiation are not fully understood. Here we demonstrate that loss of PKD1 function led to impaired bone development and osteoblast differentiation through STAT3 and p38 MAPK signaling using in vitro and in vivo bone-specific conditional PKD1-knockout (PKD1-KO) mice models. These mice developed markedly craniofacial dysplasia, scapula dysplasia, long bone length shortage and body weight decrease compared with wild-type littermates. Moreover, deletion of PKD1 in vivo reduced trabecular development and activity of osteoblast development, confirmed by Micro-CT and histological staining as well as expression of osteoblastic marker (OPN, Runx2 and OSX). Mechanistically, loss of PKD1 mediated the downregulation of osteoblast markers and impaired osteoblast differentiation through STAT3 and p38 MAPK signaling pathways. Taken together, these results demonstrated that PKD1 contributes to the osteoblast differentiation and bone development via elevation of osteoblast markers through activation of STAT3 and p38 MAPK signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao Li
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, P. R. China
| | - Wanfu Xu
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, P. R. China
| | - Zhe Xing
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, P. R. China
| | - Jiabi Qian
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, P. R. China
| | - Liping Chen
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, P. R. China
| | - Ruonan Gu
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, P. R. China
| | - Wenjing Guo
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoju Lai
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, P. R. China
| | - Wanlu Zhao
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, P. R. China
| | - Songyu Li
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, P. R. China
| | - Yaodong Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, P. R. China
| | - Q Jane Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Fan Deng
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, P. R. China
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Yang D, Okamura H, Teramachi J, Haneji T. Histone demethylase Jmjd3 regulates osteoblast apoptosis through targeting anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 and pro-apoptotic protein Bim. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2016; 1863:650-9. [PMID: 26795455 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2016.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2015] [Revised: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Posttranslational modifications including histone methylation regulate gene transcription through directly affecting the structure of chromatin. Trimethylation of histone H3K27 (H3K27me3) contributes to gene silencing and the histone demethylase Jumonji domain-containing 3 (Jmjd3) specifically removes the methylation of H3K27me3, followed by the activation of gene expression. In the present study, we explored the roles of Jmjd3 in regulating osteoblast apoptosis. Knockdown of Jmjd3 promoted osteoblast apoptosis induced by serum deprivation with decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and increased levels of caspase-3 activation, PARP cleavage, and DNA fragmentation. B cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), an anti-apoptotic protein, was down-regulated by knockdown of Jmjd3 through retaining H3K27me3 on its promoter region. Knockdown of Jmjd3 increased the pro-apoptotic activity of Bim through inhibiting ERK-dependent phosphorylation of Bim. Protein kinase D1 (PKD1), which stimulates ERK phosphorylation, decreased in the Jmjd3-knockdown cells and introduction of PKD1 relieved osteoblast apoptosis in the Jmjd3-knockdown cells through increasing ERK-regulated Bim phosphorylation. These results suggest that Jmjd3 regulates osteoblast apoptosis through targeting Bcl-2 expression and Bim phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Yang
- Department of Endodontics, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang 110002, PR China; Department of Histology and Oral Histology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Kuramoto, Tokushima 770-8504, Japan.
| | - Hirohiko Okamura
- Department of Histology and Oral Histology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Kuramoto, Tokushima 770-8504, Japan
| | - Jumpei Teramachi
- Department of Histology and Oral Histology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Kuramoto, Tokushima 770-8504, Japan
| | - Tatsuji Haneji
- Department of Histology and Oral Histology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Kuramoto, Tokushima 770-8504, Japan.
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Yeh LCC, Wilkerson M, Lee JC, Adamo ML. IGF-1 Receptor Insufficiency Leads to Age-Dependent Attenuation of Osteoblast Differentiation. Endocrinology 2015; 156:2872-9. [PMID: 26076041 PMCID: PMC4511128 DOI: 10.1210/en.2014-1945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In the current study, we determined the effects of IGF-1 receptor haploinsufficiency on osteoblast differentiation and bone formation throughout the lifespan. Bone mineral density was significantly decreased in femurs of male and female Igf1r(+/-) mice compared with wild-type mice. mRNA expression of osteoblast differentiation markers was significantly decreased in femurs and calvariae from Igf1r(+/-) mice compared with cells from wild-type mice. Bone morphogenetic protein-7-induced ectopic bone in Igf1r(+/-) mice was significantly smaller with fewer osteoblasts but more lipid droplets and had reduced expression of osteoblast differentiation markers compared with wild-type mice. In bone marrow cells from middle-aged and old wild-type and Igf1r(+/-) male mice, palmitate inhibited osteoblast markers expression. In cells from young wild-type male mice, palmitate did not inhibit marker expression, but in cells from young male Igf1r(+/-) mice, palmitate inhibited bone sialoprotein and osterix but not osteocalcin or type I collagen (TIC). In female wild-type mice, palmitate inhibited osteoblast markers expression in cells from young, middle-aged, and old mice except TIC in cells from middle-aged mice. Palmitate inhibited bone sialoprotein expression in cells from middle-aged and old female Igf1r(+/-) mice and osteocalcin, osterix, and TIC expression in young and middle-aged female Igf1r(+/-) mice but stimulated expression in cells from old female Igf1r(+/-) mice. We conclude that IGF-1 receptor haploinsufficiency results in a prolipid accrual phenotype in bone in association with inhibition of growth factor-induced osteoblast differentiation, a situation which may phenocopy age-related decreases in bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee-Chuan C Yeh
- Department of Biochemistry (L.-C.C.Y., M.W., J.C.L., M.L.A.) and The Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies (J.C.L., M.L.A.), The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229-3900
| | - Matthew Wilkerson
- Department of Biochemistry (L.-C.C.Y., M.W., J.C.L., M.L.A.) and The Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies (J.C.L., M.L.A.), The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229-3900
| | - John C Lee
- Department of Biochemistry (L.-C.C.Y., M.W., J.C.L., M.L.A.) and The Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies (J.C.L., M.L.A.), The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229-3900
| | - Martin L Adamo
- Department of Biochemistry (L.-C.C.Y., M.W., J.C.L., M.L.A.) and The Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies (J.C.L., M.L.A.), The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229-3900
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Son JH, Cho YC, Sung IY, Kim IR, Park BS, Kim YD. Melatonin promotes osteoblast differentiation and mineralization of MC3T3-E1 cells under hypoxic conditions through activation of PKD/p38 pathways. J Pineal Res 2014; 57:385-92. [PMID: 25250639 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2014] [Accepted: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Osteoblastic differentiation and bone-forming capacity are known to be suppressed under hypoxic conditions. Melatonin has been shown to influence cell differentiation. A number of in vitro and in vivo studies have suggested that melatonin also has an anabolic effect on bone, by promoting osteoblastic differentiation. However, the precise mechanisms and the signaling pathways involved in this process, particularly under hypoxic conditions, are unknown. This study investigated whether melatonin could promote osteoblastic differentiation and mineralization of preosteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells under hypoxic conditions. Additionally, we examined the molecular signaling pathways by which melatonin mediates this process. We found that melatonin is capable of promoting differentiation and mineralization of MC3T3-E1 cells cultured under hypoxic conditions. Melatonin upregulated ALP activity and mRNA levels of Alp, Osx, Col1, and Ocn in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Alizarin red S staining showed that the mineralized matrix in hypoxic MC3T3-E1 cells formed in a manner that was dependent on melatonin concentration. Moreover, melatonin stimulated phosphorylation of p38 Mapk and Prkd1 in these MC3T3-E1 cells. We concluded that melatonin promotes osteoblastic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells under hypoxic conditions via the p38 Mapk and Prkd1 signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jang-Ho Son
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ulsan University Hospital, College of Medicine, Ulsan University, Ulsan, South Korea
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