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Inoue N, Hazim S, Tsuchida H, Dohi Y, Ishigaki R, Takahashi A, Otsuka Y, Yamada K, Uenoyama Y, Tsukamura H. Hindbrain Adenosine 5-Triphosphate (ATP)-Purinergic Signaling Triggers LH Surge and Ovulation via Activation of AVPV Kisspeptin Neurons in Rats. J Neurosci 2023; 43:2140-2152. [PMID: 36813577 PMCID: PMC10039743 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1496-22.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovulation disorders are a serious problem for humans and livestock. In female rodents, kisspeptin neurons in the anteroventral periventricular nucleus (AVPV) are responsible for generating a luteinizing hormone (LH) surge and consequent ovulation. Here, we report that adenosine 5-triphosphate (ATP), a purinergic receptor ligand, is a possible neurotransmitter that stimulates AVPV kisspeptin neurons to induce an LH surge and consequent ovulation in rodents. Administration of an ATP receptor antagonist (PPADS) into the AVPV blocked the LH surge in ovariectomized (OVX) rats treated with a proestrous level of estrogen (OVX + high E2) and significantly reduced the ovulation rate in proestrous ovary-intact rats. AVPV ATP administration induced a surge-like LH increase in OVX + high E2 rats in the morning. Importantly, AVPV ATP administration could not induce the LH increase in Kiss1 KO rats. Furthermore, ATP significantly increased intracellular Ca2+ levels in immortalized kisspeptin neuronal cell line, and coadministration of PPADS blocked the ATP-induced Ca2+ increase. Histologic analysis revealed that the proestrous level of estrogen significantly increased the number of P2X2 receptor (an ATP receptor)-immunopositive AVPV kisspeptin neurons visualized by tdTomato in Kiss1-tdTomato rats. The proestrous level of estrogen significantly increased varicosity-like vesicular nucleotide transporter (a purinergic marker)-immunopositive fibers projecting to the vicinity of AVPV kisspeptin neurons. Furthermore, we found that some hindbrain vesicular nucleotide transporter-positive neurons projected to the AVPV and expressed estrogen receptor α, and the neurons were activated by the high E2 treatment. These results suggest that hindbrain ATP-purinergic signaling triggers ovulation via activation of AVPV kisspeptin neurons.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Ovulation disorders, which cause infertility and low pregnancy rates, are a serious problem for humans and livestock. The present study provides evidence that adenosine 5-triphosphate, acting as a neurotransmitter in the brain, stimulates kisspeptin neurons in the anteroventral periventricular nucleus, known as the gonadotropin-releasing hormone surge generator, via purinergic receptors to induce the gonadotropin-releasing hormone/luteinizing hormone surge and ovulation in rats. In addition, histologic analyses indicate that adenosine 5-triphosphate is likely to be originated from the purinergic neurons in the A1 and A2 of the hindbrain. These findings may contribute to new therapeutic controls for hypothalamic ovulation disorders in humans and livestock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoko Inoue
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Safiullah Hazim
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Hitomi Tsuchida
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Yuri Dohi
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Ren Ishigaki
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Ai Takahashi
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Yuki Otsuka
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Koki Yamada
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Uenoyama
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Hiroko Tsukamura
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
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Ono M, Ando H, Daikoku T, Fujiwara T, Mieda M, Mizumoto Y, Iizuka T, Kagami K, Hosono T, Nomura S, Toyoda N, Sekizuka-Kagami N, Maida Y, Kuji N, Nishi H, Fujiwara H. The Circadian Clock, Nutritional Signals and Reproduction: A Close Relationship. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021545. [PMID: 36675058 PMCID: PMC9865912 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The circadian rhythm, which is necessary for reproduction, is controlled by clock genes. In the mouse uterus, the oscillation of the circadian clock gene has been observed. The transcription of the core clock gene period (Per) and cryptochrome (Cry) is activated by the heterodimer of the transcription factor circadian locomotor output cycles kaput (Clock) and brain and muscle Arnt-like protein-1 (Bmal1). By binding to E-box sequences in the promoters of Per1/2 and Cry1/2 genes, the CLOCK-BMAL1 heterodimer promotes the transcription of these genes. Per1/2 and Cry1/2 form a complex with the Clock/Bmal1 heterodimer and inactivate its transcriptional activities. Endometrial BMAL1 expression levels are lower in human recurrent-miscarriage sufferers. Additionally, it was shown that the presence of BMAL1-depleted decidual cells prevents trophoblast invasion, highlighting the importance of the endometrial clock throughout pregnancy. It is widely known that hormone synthesis is disturbed and sterility develops in Bmal1-deficient mice. Recently, we discovered that animals with uterus-specific Bmal1 loss also had poor placental development, and these mice also had intrauterine fetal death. Furthermore, it was shown that time-restricted feeding controlled the uterine clock's circadian rhythm. The uterine clock system may be a possibility for pregnancy complications, according to these results. We summarize the most recent research on the close connection between the circadian clock and reproduction in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Ono
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-3-3342-6111
| | - Hitoshi Ando
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Function Analysis, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Takiko Daikoku
- Institute for Experimental Animals, Advanced Science Research Center, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Tomoko Fujiwara
- Department of Social Work and Life Design, Kyoto Notre Dame University, Kyoto 606-0848, Japan
| | - Michihiro Mieda
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Yasunari Mizumoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Takashi Iizuka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Kyosuke Kagami
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Takashi Hosono
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nomura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Natsumi Toyoda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan
- Institute for Experimental Animals, Advanced Science Research Center, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Naomi Sekizuka-Kagami
- Department of Nursing, College of Medical, Pharmaceutical, and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Maida
- Department of Nursing, College of Medical, Pharmaceutical, and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Naoaki Kuji
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Nishi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Fujiwara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan
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Fonseca CS, Aquino NSS, Goncalves GKN, Drummond LR, Hipolito LTM, Silva JF, Silva KSC, Henriques PC, Domingues TE, Lacerda ACR, Guatimosim S, Coimbra CC, Szawka RE, Reis AM. Norepinephrine modulation of heat dissipation in female rats lacking estrogen. J Neuroendocrinol 2022; 34:e13188. [PMID: 36306200 DOI: 10.1111/jne.13188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Postmenopausal hot flushes are caused by lack of estradiol (E2) but their neuroendocrine basis is still poorly understood. Here, we investigated the interrelationship between norepinephrine and hypothalamic neurons, with emphasis on kisspeptin neurons in the arcuate nucleus (ARC), as a regulatory pathway in the vasomotor effects of E2. Ovariectomized (OVX) rats displayed increased tail skin temperature (TST), and this increase was prevented in OVX rats treated with E2 (OVX + E2). Expression of Fos in the hypothalamus and the number of ARC kisspeptin neurons coexpressing Fos were increased in OVX rats. Likewise, brainstem norepinephrine neurons of OVX rats displayed higher Fos immunoreactivity associated with the increase in TST. In the ARC, the density of dopamine-ß-hydroxylase (DBH)-immunoreactive (ir) fibers was not altered by E2 but, importantly, DBH-ir terminals were found in close apposition to kisspeptin cells, revealing norepinephrine inputs to ARC kisspeptin neurons. Intracerebroventricular injection of the α2-adrenergic agonist clonidine (CLO) was used to reduce central norepinephrine release, confirmed by the decreased 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol/norepinephrine ratio in the preoptic area and ARC. Accordingly, CLO treatment in OVX rats reduced ARC Kiss1 mRNA levels and TST to the values of OVX + E2 rats. Conversely, CLO stimulated Kiss1 expression in the anteroventral periventricular nucleus (AVPV) and increased luteinizing hormone secretion. These findings provide evidence that augmented heat dissipation in OVX rats involves the increase in central norepinephrine that modulates hypothalamic areas related to thermoregulation, including ARC kisspeptin neurons. This neuronal network is suppressed by E2 and its imbalance may be implicated in the vasomotor symptoms of postmenopausal hot flushes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina S Fonseca
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofisica, Instituto de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Nayara S S Aquino
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofisica, Instituto de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Gleisy K N Goncalves
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofisica, Instituto de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Lucas R Drummond
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofisica, Instituto de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Laisa T M Hipolito
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofisica, Instituto de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Juneo F Silva
- Centro de Microscopia Eletronica, Departamento de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilheus, Brazil
| | - Kaoma S C Silva
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofisica, Instituto de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Patricia C Henriques
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofisica, Instituto de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Talita E Domingues
- Faculdade de Ciencias Biologicas e da Saude, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Ana C R Lacerda
- Faculdade de Ciencias Biologicas e da Saude, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Silvia Guatimosim
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofisica, Instituto de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Candido C Coimbra
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofisica, Instituto de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Raphael E Szawka
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofisica, Instituto de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Adelina M Reis
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofisica, Instituto de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Ding T, Yan W, Zhou T, Shen W, Wang T, Li M, Zhou S, Wu M, Dai J, Huang K, Zhang J, Chang J, Wang S. Endocrine disrupting chemicals impact on ovarian aging: Evidence from epidemiological and experimental evidence. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 305:119269. [PMID: 35405219 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are ubiquitous in daily life, but their harmful effects on the human body have not been fully explored. Recent studies have shown that EDCs exposure could lead to infertility, menstrual disorder and menopause, resulting in subsequent effects on female health. Therefore, it is of great significance to clarify and summarize the impacts of EDCs on ovarian aging for explaining the etiology of ovarian aging and maintaining female reproductive health. Here in this review, we focused on the impacts of ten typical environmental contaminants on the progression of ovarian aging during adult exposure, including epidemiological data in humans and experimental models in rodents, with their clinical phenotypes and underlying mechanisms. We found that both persistent (polychlorinated biphenyls, perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances) and non-persistent (phthalates) EDCs exposure could increase an overall risk of ovarian aging, leading to the diminish of ovarian reserve, decline of fertility or fecundity, irregularity of the menstrual cycle and an earlier age at menopause, and/or premature ovarian insufficiency/failure in epidemiological studies. Among these, the loss of follicles can also be validated in experimental studies of some EDCs, such as BPA, phthalates, parabens and PCBs. The underlying mechanisms may involve the impaired ovarian follicular development by altering receptor-mediated pro-apoptotic pathways, inducing signal transduction and cell cycle arrest and epigenetic modification. However, there were inconsistent results in the impacts on fertility/fecundity, menstrual/estrous cycle and hormone changes response to different EDCs, and differences between human and animal studies. Our review summarizes the current state of knowledge on ovarian disrupters, highlights their risks to ovarian aging and identifies knowledge gaps in humans and animals. We therefore propose that females adopt healthy lifestyle changes to minimize their exposure to both persistent and non-persistent chemicals, that have the potential damage to their reproductive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Ding
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Wei Yan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Ting Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Wei Shen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Tian Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Milu Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Su Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Meng Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Jun Dai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Kecheng Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Jinjin Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Jiang Chang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory for Environment and Health, Wuhan, 430030, China; School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Sciences and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Shixuan Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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Acute stress anticipates and amplifies the Luteinizing Hormone pre-ovulatory surge in rats: role of noradrenergic neurons. Brain Res 2022; 1781:147805. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2022.147805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Ogawa S, Parhar IS. Heterogeneity in GnRH and kisspeptin neurons and their significance in vertebrate reproductive biology. Front Neuroendocrinol 2022; 64:100963. [PMID: 34798082 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2021.100963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Vertebrate reproduction is essentially controlled by the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis, which is a central dogma of reproductive biology. Two major hypothalamic neuroendocrine cell groups containing gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and kisspeptin are crucial for control of the HPG axis in vertebrates. GnRH and kisspeptin neurons exhibit high levels of heterogeneity including their cellular morphology, biochemistry, neurophysiology and functions. However, the molecular foundation underlying heterogeneities in GnRH and kisspeptin neurons remains unknown. More importantly, the biological and physiological significance of their heterogeneity in reproductive biology is poorly understood. In this review, we first describe the recent advances in the neuroendocrine functions of kisspeptin-GnRH pathways. We then view the recent emerging progress in the heterogeneity of GnRH and kisspeptin neurons using morphological and single-cell transcriptomic analyses. Finally, we discuss our views on the significance of functional heterogeneity of reproductive endocrine cells and their potential relevance to reproductive health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Ogawa
- Brain Research Institute, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ishwar S Parhar
- Brain Research Institute, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Stevenson H, Bartram S, Charalambides MM, Murthy S, Petitt T, Pradeep A, Vineall O, Abaraonye I, Lancaster A, Koysombat K, Patel B, Abbara A. Kisspeptin-neuron control of LH pulsatility and ovulation. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:951938. [PMID: 36479214 PMCID: PMC9721495 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.951938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Feedback from oestradiol (E2) plays a critical role in the regulation of major events in the physiological menstrual cycle including the release of gonadotrophins to stimulate follicular growth, and the mid-cycle luteinising hormone (LH) surge that leads to ovulation. E2 predominantly exerts its action via oestrogen receptor-alpha (ERα), however, as gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons lack ERα, E2-feedback is posited to be indirectly mediated via upstream neurons. Kisspeptin (KP) is a neuropeptide expressed in hypothalamic KP-neurons that control GnRH secretion and plays a key role in the central mechanism regulating the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis. In the rodent arcuate (ARC) nucleus, KP is co-expressed with Neurokinin B and Dynorphin; and thus, these neurons are termed 'Kisspeptin-Neurokinin B-Dynorphin' (KNDy) neurons. ARC KP-neurons function as the 'GnRH pulse generator' to regulate GnRH pulsatility, as well as mediating negative feedback from E2. A second KP neuronal population is present in the rostral periventricular area of the third ventricle (RP3V), which includes anteroventral periventricular (AVPV) nucleus and preoptic area neurons. These RP3V KP-neurons mediate positive feedback to induce the mid-cycle luteinising hormone (LH) surge and subsequent ovulation. Here, we describe the role of KP-neurons in these two regions in mediating this differential feedback from oestrogens. We conclude by considering reproductive diseases for which exploitation of these mechanisms could yield future therapies.
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Bumgarner JR, Walker WH, Nelson RJ. Circadian rhythms and pain. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 129:296-306. [PMID: 34375675 PMCID: PMC8429267 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this review is to provide a perspective on the nature and importance of the relationship between the circadian and pain systems. We provide: 1) An overview of the circadian and pain systems, 2) a review of direct and correlative evidence that demonstrates diurnal and circadian rhythms within the pain system; 3) a perspective highlighting the need to consider the role of a proposed feedback loop of circadian rhythm disruption and maladaptive pain; 4) a perspective on the nature of the relationship between circadian rhythms and pain. In summary, we propose that there is no single locus responsible for producing the circadian rhythms of the pain system. Instead, circadian rhythms of pain are a complex result of the distributed rhythms present throughout the pain system, especially those of the descending pain modulatory system, and the rhythms of the systems with which it interacts, including the opioid, endocrine, and immune systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob R Bumgarner
- Department of Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA.
| | - William H Walker
- Department of Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Randy J Nelson
- Department of Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
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Stopa LRS, de Souza CF, Martins AB, Lopes GM, Costa NO, Gerardin DCC, de Carvalho GG, Zaia DAM, Zaia CTBV, Uchoa ET, Leite CM. Neonatal overfeeding reduces estradiol plasma levels and disrupts noradrenergic-kisspeptin-GnRH pathway and fertility in adult female rats. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 524:111147. [PMID: 33388353 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.111147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
This work evaluated the effects of neonatal overfeeding, induced by litter size reduction, on fertility and the noradrenaline-kisspeptin-gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH) pathway in adult female rats. The litter size was adjusted to 3 pups with each mother in the small litters (SL) and 10 pups with each mother in the normal litters (NL). SL females exhibited metabolic changes associated with reproductive dysfunctions, shown by earlier vaginal opening and first estrus, later regular cyclicity onset, and lower and higher occurrences of estrus and diestrus phases, respectively, as well as reduced fertility, estradiol plasma levels, and mRNA expressions of tyrosine hydroxylase in the locus coeruleus, kisspeptin, and GnRH in the preoptic area in adult females in the afternoon of proestrus. These results suggest that neonatal overfeeding in female rats promotes reproductive dysfunctions in adulthood, such as lower estradiol plasma levels associated with impairments in fertility and noradrenaline-kisspeptin-GnRH pathway during positive feedback.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Rugila S Stopa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Camila F de Souza
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Andressa B Martins
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Nathália O Costa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Daniela C Ceccatto Gerardin
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil; Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Giovana Gomes de Carvalho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Patológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Cássia Thaïs B V Zaia
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil; Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Ernane Torres Uchoa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil; Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil.
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Lopez-Rodriguez D, Franssen D, Bakker J, Lomniczi A, Parent AS. Cellular and molecular features of EDC exposure: consequences for the GnRH network. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2021; 17:83-96. [PMID: 33288917 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-020-00436-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The onset of puberty and the female ovulatory cycle are important developmental milestones of the reproductive system. These processes are controlled by a tightly organized network of neurotransmitters and neuropeptides, as well as genetic, epigenetic and hormonal factors, which ultimately drive the pulsatile secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone. They also strongly depend on organizational processes that take place during fetal and early postnatal life. Therefore, exposure to environmental pollutants such as endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) during critical periods of development can result in altered brain development, delayed or advanced puberty and long-term reproductive consequences, such as impaired fertility. The gonads and peripheral organs are targets of EDCs, and research from the past few years suggests that the organization of the neuroendocrine control of reproduction is also sensitive to environmental cues and disruption. Among other mechanisms, EDCs interfere with the action of steroidal and non-steroidal receptors, and alter enzymatic, metabolic and epigenetic pathways during development. In this Review, we discuss the cellular and molecular consequences of perinatal exposure (mostly in rodents) to representative EDCs with a focus on the neuroendocrine control of reproduction, pubertal timing and the female ovulatory cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Delphine Franssen
- Neuroendocrinology Unit, GIGA Neurosciences, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Julie Bakker
- Neuroendocrinology Unit, GIGA Neurosciences, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Alejandro Lomniczi
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center (ONPRC), OHSU, OR, USA
| | - Anne-Simone Parent
- Neuroendocrinology Unit, GIGA Neurosciences, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Liège, Liège, Belgium.
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Matsuda F, Ohkura S, Magata F, Munetomo A, Chen J, Sato M, Inoue N, Uenoyama Y, Tsukamura H. Role of kisspeptin neurons as a GnRH surge generator: Comparative aspects in rodents and non-rodent mammals. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2019; 45:2318-2329. [PMID: 31608564 DOI: 10.1111/jog.14124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Ovulation is an essential phenomenon for reproduction in mammalian females along with follicular growth. It is well established that gonadal function is controlled by the neuroendocrine system called the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons, localized in the hypothalamus, had been considered to be the head in governing the HPG axis for a long time until the discovery of kisspeptin. In females, induction of ovulation and folliculogenesis has been linked to a surge mode and pulse mode of GnRH releases, respectively. The mechanisms of how the two modes of GnRH are differently regulated had long remained elusive. The discovery of kisspeptin neurons, distributed in two hypothalamic nuclei, such as the arcuate nucleus in the caudal hypothalamus and preoptic area or the anteroventral periventricular nucleus in the rostral hypothalamic regions, and analyses of the detailed functions of kisspeptin neurons have led marked progress on the understanding of different mechanisms regulating GnRH surges (ovulation) and GnRH pulses (folliculogenesis). The present review will focus on the role of kisspeptin neurons as the GnRH surge generator, including the sexual differentiation of the surge generation system and factors that regulate the surge generator. Comparative aspects between mammalian species are especially focused on.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuko Matsuda
- Laboratory of Theriogenology, Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ohkura
- Laboratory of Animal Production Science, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Fumie Magata
- Laboratory of Theriogenology, Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Arisa Munetomo
- Laboratory of Theriogenology, Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jing Chen
- Laboratory of Theriogenology, Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Marimo Sato
- Laboratory of Theriogenology, Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoko Inoue
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Uenoyama
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroko Tsukamura
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
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Fabre-Nys C, Cognié J, Dufourny L, Ghenim M, Martinet S, Lasserre O, Lomet D, Millar RP, Ohkura S, Suetomi Y. The Two Populations of Kisspeptin Neurons Are Involved in the Ram-Induced LH Pulsatile Secretion and LH Surge in Anestrous Ewes. Endocrinology 2017; 158:3914-3928. [PMID: 28938486 DOI: 10.1210/en.2017-00429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to a ram during spring stimulates luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion and can induce ovulation in sexually quiescent ewes ("ram effect"). Kisspeptin (Kiss) present in the arcuate nucleus (ARC) and the preoptic area (POA) is a potent stimulators of LH secretion. Our aim was to investigate whether Kiss neurons mediate the increase in LH secretion during the ram effect. With double immunofluorescent detection, we identified Kiss neurons (Kiss IR) activated (Fos IR) by exposure to a ram for 2 hours (M2) or 12 hours (M12) or to ewes for 2 hours (C). The density of cells Kiss + Fos IR and the proportion of Kiss IR cells that were also Fos IR cells were higher in M2 and M12 than in C in ARC (P < 0.002) and POA (P < 0.02). In ARC, these parameters were also higher in M12 than in M2 (P < 0.02 and P < 0.05). Kiss antagonist (P234 10-6M) administered by retrodialysis in POA for 3 hours at the time of introduction of the ram reduced the amplitude of the male-induced increase in LH concentration compared with solvent (P < 0.02). In ARC, P234 had a more limited effect (P < 0.038 1 hour after P234) but pulse frequency increased less than after solvent (P = 0.07). In contrast, Kiss antagonist (P271 10-4M) infused in ARC but not POA 6 to 18 hours after introduction of the ram prevented the LH surge in the ewe (0/6 vs 4/5 and 4/6 in C). These results suggest that both populations of Kiss neurons are involved in the ram-induced pulsatile LH secretion and in the LH surge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claude Fabre-Nys
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 7247 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de Recherche Agronomique (INRA), University of Tours, Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation, Institut Fédératif de Recherche 135, 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Juliette Cognié
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 7247 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de Recherche Agronomique (INRA), University of Tours, Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation, Institut Fédératif de Recherche 135, 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Laurence Dufourny
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 7247 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de Recherche Agronomique (INRA), University of Tours, Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation, Institut Fédératif de Recherche 135, 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Meriem Ghenim
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 7247 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de Recherche Agronomique (INRA), University of Tours, Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation, Institut Fédératif de Recherche 135, 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Stephanie Martinet
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 7247 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de Recherche Agronomique (INRA), University of Tours, Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation, Institut Fédératif de Recherche 135, 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Olivier Lasserre
- INRA Unité Expérimentale de Physiologie Animale de l'Orfrasière, 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Didier Lomet
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 7247 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de Recherche Agronomique (INRA), University of Tours, Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation, Institut Fédératif de Recherche 135, 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Robert P Millar
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology, Department of Physiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0084, South Africa
- Mammal Research Institute, Department of Zoology and Entomology, Institute of Infectious Diseases, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
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Putteeraj M, Soga T, Ubuka T, Parhar IS. A "Timed" Kiss Is Essential for Reproduction: Lessons from Mammalian Studies. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2016; 7:121. [PMID: 27630616 PMCID: PMC5005330 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2016.00121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Reproduction is associated with the circadian system, primarily as a result of the connectivity between the biological clock in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) and reproduction-regulating brain regions, such as preoptic area (POA), anteroventral periventricular nucleus (AVPV), and arcuate nucleus (ARC). Networking of the central pacemaker to these hypothalamic brain regions is partly represented by close fiber appositions to specialized neurons, such as kisspeptin and gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons; accounting for rhythmic release of gonadotropins and sex steroids. Numerous studies have attempted to dissect the neurochemical properties of GnRH neurons, which possess intrinsic oscillatory features through the presence of clock genes to regulate the pulsatile and circadian secretion. However, less attention has been given to kisspeptin, the upstream regulator of GnRH and a potent mediator of reproductive functions including puberty. Kisspeptin exerts its stimulatory effects on GnRH secretion via its cognate Kiss-1R receptor that is co-expressed on GnRH neurons. Emerging studies have found that kisspeptin neurons oscillate on a circadian basis and that these neurons also express clock genes that are thought to regulate its rhythmic activities. Based on the fiber networks between the SCN and reproductive nuclei such as the POA, AVPV, and ARC, it is suggested that interactions among the central biological clock and reproductive neurons ensure optimal reproductive functionality. Within this neuronal circuitry, kisspeptin neuronal system is likely to "time" reproduction in a long term during development and aging, in a medium term to regulate circadian or estrus cycle, and in a short term to regulate pulsatile GnRH secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Putteeraj
- Brain Research Institute (BRIMS), Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Petaling Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Tomoko Soga
- Brain Research Institute (BRIMS), Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Petaling Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Takayoshi Ubuka
- Brain Research Institute (BRIMS), Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Petaling Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Ishwar S. Parhar
- Brain Research Institute (BRIMS), Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Petaling Jaya, Malaysia
- *Correspondence: Ishwar S. Parhar,
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