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Liver X Receptors and Male (In)fertility. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20215379. [PMID: 31671745 PMCID: PMC6862486 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver X receptors (LXRs) are ligand-dependent transcription factors acting as ‘cholesterol sensors’ to regulate lipid homeostasis in cells. The two isoforms, LXRα (NR1H3) and LXRβ (NR1H2), are differentially expressed, with the former expressed predominantly in metabolically active tissues and the latter more ubiquitously. Both are activated by oxidised cholesterol metabolites, endogenously produced oxysterols. LXRs have important roles in lipid metabolism and inflammation, plus a number of newly emerging roles. They are implicated in regulating lipid balance in normal male reproductive function and may provide a link between male infertility and lipid disorders and/or obesity. Studies from Lxr knockout mouse models provide compelling evidence to support this. More recently published data suggest distinct and overlapping roles of the LXR isoforms in the testis and recent evidence of a role for LXRs in human male fertility. This review summarises the current literature and explores the likely link between LXR, lipid metabolism and male fertility as part of a special issue on Liver X receptors in International Journal of Molecular Sciences.
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Dallel S, Tauveron I, Brugnon F, Baron S, Lobaccaro JMA, Maqdasy S. Liver X Receptors: A Possible Link between Lipid Disorders and Female Infertility. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19082177. [PMID: 30044452 PMCID: PMC6121373 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A close relationship exists between cholesterol and female reproductive physiology. Indeed, cholesterol is crucial for steroid synthesis by ovary and placenta, and primordial for cell structure during folliculogenesis. Furthermore, oxysterols, cholesterol-derived ligands, play a potential role in oocyte maturation. Anomalies of cholesterol metabolism are frequently linked to infertility. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms. In parallel, increasing evidence describing the biological roles of liver X receptors (LXRs) in the regulation of steroid synthesis and inflammation, two processes necessary for follicle maturation and ovulation. Both of the isoforms of LXRs and their bona fide ligands are present in the ovary. LXR-deficient mice develop late sterility due to abnormal oocyte maturation and increased oocyte atresia. These mice also have an ovarian hyper stimulation syndrome in response to gonadotropin stimulation. Hence, further studies are necessary to explore their specific roles in oocyte, granulosa, and theca cells. LXRs also modulate estrogen signaling and this could explain the putative protective role of the LXRs in breast cancer growth. Altogether, clinical studies would be important for determining the physiological relevance of LXRs in reproductive disorders in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Dallel
- Université Clermont Auvergne, GReD, CNRS UMR 6293, INSERM U1103, 28, Place Henri Dunant, BP38, F63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
- Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne, 58 Boulevard Montalembert, F-63009 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
- Service d'Endocrinologie, Diabétologie et Maladies Métaboliques, CHU Clermont Ferrand, Hôpital Gabriel Montpied, F-63003 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Igor Tauveron
- Université Clermont Auvergne, GReD, CNRS UMR 6293, INSERM U1103, 28, Place Henri Dunant, BP38, F63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
- Service d'Endocrinologie, Diabétologie et Maladies Métaboliques, CHU Clermont Ferrand, Hôpital Gabriel Montpied, F-63003 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Florence Brugnon
- Université Clermont Auvergne, ImoST, INSERM U1240, 58, rue Montalembert, BP184, F63005 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
- CHU Clermont Ferrand, Assistance Médicale à la Procréation-CECOS, Hôpital Estaing, Place Lucie et Raymond Aubrac, F-63003 Clermont-Ferrand CEDEX 1, France.
| | - Silvère Baron
- Université Clermont Auvergne, GReD, CNRS UMR 6293, INSERM U1103, 28, Place Henri Dunant, BP38, F63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
- Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne, 58 Boulevard Montalembert, F-63009 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Jean Marc A Lobaccaro
- Université Clermont Auvergne, GReD, CNRS UMR 6293, INSERM U1103, 28, Place Henri Dunant, BP38, F63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
- Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne, 58 Boulevard Montalembert, F-63009 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Salwan Maqdasy
- Université Clermont Auvergne, GReD, CNRS UMR 6293, INSERM U1103, 28, Place Henri Dunant, BP38, F63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
- Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne, 58 Boulevard Montalembert, F-63009 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
- Service d'Endocrinologie, Diabétologie et Maladies Métaboliques, CHU Clermont Ferrand, Hôpital Gabriel Montpied, F-63003 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
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Zhao J, Zhao J, Xu G, Wang Z, Gao J, Cui S, Liu J. Deletion of Spata2 by CRISPR/Cas9n causes increased inhibin alpha expression and attenuated fertility in male mice. Biol Reprod 2018; 97:497-513. [PMID: 29025062 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/iox093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
As somatic cells in the testis seminiferous tubule, Sertoli cells provide the medium for spermatogenesis. One of the important functions of Sertoli cells is synthesizing and secreting cell factors to affect the production of sperm; however, much of those molecular regulation mechanisms remain unknown. Here, we confirm the localization of protein SPATA2 (spermatogenesis-associated protein 2), which had previously been shown to be highly expressed in Sertoli cells of the adult mouse testis. To further conduct a functional study, we generated SPATA2 global knockout mice via use of the CRISPR/Cas9n gene editing technology. The 120-day-old knockout mice testes showed almost a 40% decrease in size and weight and variations in the histomorphology of the seminiferous epithelium, with a 40% decrease in sperm count. Further examination revealed that the proliferation of germ cells in the seminiferous tubules was attenuated by 28%. In addition, we found that SPATA2 deletion led to an approximately 70% increase in the inhibin alpha-subunit mRNA and protein level in the testes compared to that of wild-type mice. Our data revealed the impact of SPATA2 on male fertility and suggested that SPATA2 ensures the normal secretory function of Sertoli cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianjun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Guojin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhijuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiali Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Martinot E, Sèdes L, Baptissart M, Holota H, Rouaisnel B, Damon-Soubeyrand C, De Haze A, Saru JP, Thibault-Carpentier C, Keime C, Lobaccaro JMA, Baron S, Benoit G, Caira F, Beaudoin C, Volle DH. The Bile Acid Nuclear Receptor FXRα Is a Critical Regulator of Mouse Germ Cell Fate. Stem Cell Reports 2017; 9:315-328. [PMID: 28669602 PMCID: PMC5511114 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2017.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Spermatogenesis is the process by which spermatozoa are generated from spermatogonia. This cell population is heterogeneous, with self-renewing spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) and progenitor spermatogonia that will continue on a path of differentiation. Only SSCs have the ability to regenerate and sustain spermatogenesis. This makes the testis a good model to investigate stem cell biology. The Farnesoid X Receptor alpha (FXRα) was recently shown to be expressed in the testis. However, its global impact on germ cell homeostasis has not yet been studied. Here, using a phenotyping approach in Fxrα−/− mice, we describe unexpected roles of FXRα on germ cell physiology independent of its effects on somatic cells. FXRα helps establish and maintain an undifferentiated germ cell pool and in turn influences male fertility. FXRα regulates the expression of several pluripotency factors. Among these, in vitro approaches show that FXRα controls the expression of the pluripotency marker Lin28 in the germ cells. FXRα regulated germ cell apoptotis independently of androgen homeostasis FXRα controls germ cell differentiation FXRα regulates the establishment and maintenance of undifferentiated germ cells In germ cells, FXRα controls the expression of pluripotency markers such as Lin28
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle Martinot
- INSERM U 1103, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS UMR 6293, Laboratoire GReD, 28 Place Henri Dunant, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Lauriane Sèdes
- INSERM U 1103, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS UMR 6293, Laboratoire GReD, 28 Place Henri Dunant, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Marine Baptissart
- INSERM U 1103, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS UMR 6293, Laboratoire GReD, 28 Place Henri Dunant, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Hélène Holota
- INSERM U 1103, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS UMR 6293, Laboratoire GReD, 28 Place Henri Dunant, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Betty Rouaisnel
- INSERM U 1103, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS UMR 6293, Laboratoire GReD, 28 Place Henri Dunant, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Christelle Damon-Soubeyrand
- INSERM U 1103, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS UMR 6293, Laboratoire GReD, 28 Place Henri Dunant, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Angélique De Haze
- INSERM U 1103, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS UMR 6293, Laboratoire GReD, 28 Place Henri Dunant, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Jean-Paul Saru
- INSERM U 1103, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS UMR 6293, Laboratoire GReD, 28 Place Henri Dunant, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Céline Keime
- IGBMC - CNRS UMR 7104 - Inserm U 964, 1 BP 10142, 67404 Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Jean-Marc A Lobaccaro
- INSERM U 1103, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS UMR 6293, Laboratoire GReD, 28 Place Henri Dunant, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Silvère Baron
- INSERM U 1103, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS UMR 6293, Laboratoire GReD, 28 Place Henri Dunant, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Gérard Benoit
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire de la Cellule, Ecole normale supérieure de Lyon, UMR5239 CNRS/ENS Lyon/UCBL/HCL, 46, allée d'Italie, 69364 Lyon Cedex 07, France
| | - Françoise Caira
- INSERM U 1103, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS UMR 6293, Laboratoire GReD, 28 Place Henri Dunant, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Claude Beaudoin
- INSERM U 1103, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS UMR 6293, Laboratoire GReD, 28 Place Henri Dunant, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - David H Volle
- INSERM U 1103, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS UMR 6293, Laboratoire GReD, 28 Place Henri Dunant, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
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