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Kim Y, Kojima S. Contribution of Endocannabinoids to Intrinsic Motivation for Undirected Singing in Adult Zebra Finches. Front Physiol 2022; 13:882176. [PMID: 35492606 PMCID: PMC9039130 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.882176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Songbirds, such as zebra finches, spontaneously produce many song renditions for vocal practice even in the absence of apparent recipients throughout their lives. Such “undirected singing” is driven by intrinsic motivation, which arises within individuals for internal satisfaction without immediate external rewards. Intrinsic motivation for undirected singing in adult zebra finches was previously demonstrated to be critically regulated by dopamine through D2 receptors. Here, we further investigate the mechanisms of intrinsic motivation for undirected singing by focusing on endocannabinoids, which modulate dopamine signaling and contribute to motivation and reward in mammals. In songbirds, endocannabinoids have been shown to be involved in the production of undirected songs, but whether they are involved in the intrinsic motivation for undirected singing remains unknown. Using latencies of the first song production following temporary singing suppression as a measure of intrinsic motivation for undirected singing, we demonstrate that systemic administration of the direct cannabinoid agonist WIN55212-2 decreases intrinsic motivation for singing and that those effects are largely reversed by the cannabinoid antagonist SR141716A co-administered with WIN55212-2. Administration of SR141716A alone or that of two indirect cannabinoid agonists did not significantly affect intrinsic singing motivation. These results suggest that endocannabinoids are critically involved in regulating intrinsic motivation for undirected singing and provide new insights into the neural mechanisms of intrinsically motivated motor behaviors.
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Peiró AM, García-Gutiérrez MS, Planelles B, Femenía T, Mingote C, Jiménez-Treviño L, Martínez-Barrondo S, García-Portilla MP, Saiz PA, Bobes J, Manzanares J. Association of cannabinoid receptor genes ( CNR1 and CNR2) polymorphisms and panic disorder. ANXIETY STRESS AND COPING 2020; 33:256-265. [PMID: 32114795 DOI: 10.1080/10615806.2020.1732358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background and objectives: Panic disorder (PD) is an anxiety disorder characterized by recurrent and unexpected panic attacks along with sudden onset of apprehension, fear or terror. The endocannabinoid system (ECS) has a role in stress recovery, regulating anxiety. The aim of this study was to analyze potential genetic alterations in key ECS targets in patients suffering from panic disorders.Design and methods: We analyzed single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the cannabinoid receptors (CNR1; CNR2) and the endocannabinoid hydrolytic enzyme fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) genes in 164 Spanish PD patients and 320 matched controls.Results: No significant differences were observed in the SNPs of the CNR2 and FAAH genes tested. However, when analyzing genotype-by-sex interaction at A592G (rs2501431) and C315T (rs2501432) in the CNR2 gene, the presence of the G-allele in males was associated with a protective haplotype. Genotyping analysis revealed that variants in CNR1 confer vulnerability to PD, with a significantly increased risk associated with the G-allele (rs12720071) and C-allele (rs806368). This finding was consistent when analyzing genotype-by-sex interaction, where females presented a greater PD risk.Conclusions: Polymorphisms at the CNR1 gene may be a risk factor for PD contributing to sex-specific dysfunction in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Peiró
- Clinical Pharmacology Unit and Neuropharmacology on Pain and Functional Diversity (NED), Department of Health of Alicante - General Hospital, ISABIAL, Alicante, Spain
| | - María S García-Gutiérrez
- Neuroscience Institute, Alicante, Miguel Hernández University, San Juan de Alicante, Spain.,Cooperative Networking in Health Research (RETICS-addictive disorders), Health Institute Carlos III, MICINN and FEDER, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Teresa Femenía
- Neuroscience Institute, Alicante, Miguel Hernández University, San Juan de Alicante, Spain
| | | | - Luis Jiménez-Treviño
- Psychiatry Department, Medicine Faculty, University of Oviedo; Biomedical Research Centre in Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM); University Institute of Neuroscience of Asturias, INEUROPA; Health Service of Asturias, SESPA, Asturias, Spain
| | - Sara Martínez-Barrondo
- Psychiatry Department, Medicine Faculty, University of Oviedo; Biomedical Research Centre in Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM); University Institute of Neuroscience of Asturias, INEUROPA; Health Service of Asturias, SESPA, Asturias, Spain
| | - M Paz García-Portilla
- Psychiatry Department, Medicine Faculty, University of Oviedo; Biomedical Research Centre in Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM); University Institute of Neuroscience of Asturias, INEUROPA; Health Service of Asturias, SESPA, Asturias, Spain
| | - Pilar A Saiz
- Psychiatry Department, Medicine Faculty, University of Oviedo; Biomedical Research Centre in Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM); University Institute of Neuroscience of Asturias, INEUROPA; Health Service of Asturias, SESPA, Asturias, Spain
| | - Julio Bobes
- Psychiatry Department, Medicine Faculty, University of Oviedo; Biomedical Research Centre in Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM); University Institute of Neuroscience of Asturias, INEUROPA; Health Service of Asturias, SESPA, Asturias, Spain
| | - Jorge Manzanares
- Neuroscience Institute, Alicante, Miguel Hernández University, San Juan de Alicante, Spain.,Cooperative Networking in Health Research (RETICS-addictive disorders), Health Institute Carlos III, MICINN and FEDER, Madrid, Spain
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Ho JM, Bergeon Burns CM, Rendon NM, Rosvall KA, Bradshaw HB, Ketterson ED, Demas GE. Lipid signaling and fat storage in the dark-eyed junco. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2017; 247:166-173. [PMID: 28161439 PMCID: PMC5410188 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2017.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Seasonal hyperphagia and fattening promote survivorship in migratory and wintering birds, but reduced adiposity may be more advantageous during the breeding season. Factors such as photoperiod, temperature, and food predictability are known environmental determinants of fat storage, but the underlying neuroendocrine mechanisms are less clear. Endocannabinoids and other lipid signaling molecules regulate multiple aspects of energy balance including appetite and lipid metabolism. However, these functions have been established primarily in mammals; thus the role of lipid signals in avian fat storage remains largely undefined. Here we examined relationships between endocannabinoid signaling and individual variation in fat storage in captive white-winged juncos (Junco hyemalis aikeni) following a transition to long-day photoperiods. We report that levels of the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), but not anandamide (AEA), in furcular and abdominal fat depots correlate negatively with fat mass. Hindbrain mRNA expression of CB1 endocannabinoid receptors also correlates negatively with levels of fat, demonstrating that fatter animals experience less central and peripheral endocannabinoid signaling when in breeding condition. Concentrations of the anorexigenic lipid, oleoylethanolamide (OEA), also inversely relate to adiposity. These findings demonstrate unique and significant relationships between adiposity and lipid signaling molecules in the brain and periphery, thereby suggesting a potential role for lipid signals in mediating adaptive levels of fat storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline M Ho
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA; Center for the Integrative Study of Animal Behavior, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.
| | - Christine M Bergeon Burns
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA; Center for the Integrative Study of Animal Behavior, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Nikki M Rendon
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA; Center for the Integrative Study of Animal Behavior, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Kimberly A Rosvall
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA; Center for the Integrative Study of Animal Behavior, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA; Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Heather B Bradshaw
- Center for the Integrative Study of Animal Behavior, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA; Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA; Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Ellen D Ketterson
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA; Center for the Integrative Study of Animal Behavior, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Gregory E Demas
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA; Center for the Integrative Study of Animal Behavior, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA; Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
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Hahn AH, Merullo DP, Spool JA, Angyal CS, Stevenson SA, Riters LV. Song-associated reward correlates with endocannabinoid-related gene expression in male European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris). Neuroscience 2017; 346:255-266. [PMID: 28147243 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Vocal communication is required for successful social interactions in numerous species. During the breeding season, songbirds produce songs that are reinforced by behavioral consequences (e.g., copulation). However, some songbirds also produce songs not obviously directed at other individuals. The consequences maintaining or reinforcing these songs are less obvious and the neural mechanisms associated with undirected communication are not well-understood. Previous studies indicate that undirected singing is intrinsically rewarding and mediated by opioid or dopaminergic systems; however, endocannabinoids are also involved in regulating reward and singing behavior. We used a conditioned place preference paradigm to examine song-associated reward in European starlings and quantitative real-time PCR to measure expression of endocannabinoid-related neural markers (CB1, FABP7, FABP5, FAAH, DAGLα), in brain regions involved in social behavior, reward and motivation (ventral tegmental area [VTA], periaqueductal gray [PAG], and medial preoptic nucleus [POM]), and a song control region (Area X). Our results indicate that starlings producing high rates of song developed a conditioned place preference, suggesting that undirected song is associated with a positive affective state. We found a significant positive relationship between song-associated reward and CB1 receptors in VTA and a significant negative relationship between song-associated reward and CB1 in PAG. There was a significant positive relationship between reward and the cannabinoid transporter FABP7 in POM and a significant negative relationship between reward and FABP7 in PAG. In Area X, FABP5 and DAGLα correlated positively with singing. These results suggest a role for endocannabinoid signaling in vocal production and reward associated with undirected communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison H Hahn
- Department of Zoology, 426 Birge Hall, 430 Lincoln Drive, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
| | - Devin P Merullo
- Department of Zoology, 426 Birge Hall, 430 Lincoln Drive, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Jeremy A Spool
- Department of Zoology, 426 Birge Hall, 430 Lincoln Drive, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Caroline S Angyal
- Department of Zoology, 426 Birge Hall, 430 Lincoln Drive, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Sharon A Stevenson
- Department of Zoology, 426 Birge Hall, 430 Lincoln Drive, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Lauren V Riters
- Department of Zoology, 426 Birge Hall, 430 Lincoln Drive, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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Identification of an endocannabinoid system in the rat pars tuberalis—a possible interface in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal system? Cell Tissue Res 2016; 368:115-123. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-016-2544-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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