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Wang K, Li Y. Signaling pathways and targeted therapeutic strategies for polycystic ovary syndrome. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1191759. [PMID: 37929034 PMCID: PMC10622806 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1191759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder among women of reproductive age. Although promising strides have been made in the field of PCOS over the past decades, the distinct etiologies of this syndrome are not fully elucidated. Prenatal factors, genetic variation, epigenetic mechanisms, unhealthy lifestyles, and environmental toxins all contribute to the development of this intricate and highly heterogeneous metabolic, endocrine, reproductive, and psychological disorder. Moreover, interactions between androgen excess, insulin resistance, disruption to the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovary (HPO) axis, and obesity only make for a more complex picture. In this review, we investigate and summarize the related molecular mechanisms underlying PCOS pathogenesis from the perspective of the level of signaling pathways, including PI3K/Akt, TGF-β/Smads, Wnt/β-catenin, and Hippo/YAP. Additionally, this review provides an overview of prospective therapies, such as exosome therapy, gene therapy, and drugs based on traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and natural compounds. By targeting these aberrant pathways, these interventions primarily alleviate inflammation, insulin resistance, androgen excess, and ovarian fibrosis, which are typical symptoms of PCOS. Overall, we hope that this paper will pave the way for better understanding and management of PCOS in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexin Wang
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanhua Li
- Department of General Practice, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis Ameliorates in LNK-Deficient Mouse Models with Obesity-Induced Insulin Resistance Improvement. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12051767. [PMID: 36902554 PMCID: PMC10002478 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12051767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the potential role of gut microbiota in obesity-induced insulin resistance (IR). METHODS Four-week-old male C57BL/6 wild-type mice (n = 6) and whole-body SH2 domain-containing adaptor protein (LNK)-deficient in C57BL/6 genetic backgrounds mice (n = 7) were fed with a high-fat diet (HFD, 60% calories from fat) for 16 weeks. The gut microbiota of 13 mice feces samples was analyzed by using a 16 s rRNA sequencing analysis. RESULTS The structure and composition of the gut microbiota community of WT mice were significantly different from those in the LNK-/- group. The abundance of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-producing genus Proteobacteria was increased in WT mice, while some short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing genera in WT groups were significantly lower than in LNK-/- groups (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The structure and composition of the intestinal microbiota community of obese WT mice were significantly different from those in the LNK-/- group. The abnormality of the gut microbial structure and composition might interfere with glucolipid metabolism and exacerbate obesity-induced IR by increasing LPS-producing genera while reducing SCFA-producing probiotics.
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Wu Y, Yang R, Lan J, Wu Y, Huang J, Fan Q, You Y, Lin H, Jiao X, Chen H, Cao C, Zhang Q. Iron overload modulates follicular microenvironment via ROS/HIF-1α/FSHR signaling. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 196:37-52. [PMID: 36638901 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.12.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Iron is essential for the health of reproductive system, and women with iron overload suffer from ovarian dysfunction and lack effective treatment in fertility preservation. However, the underlying mechanism of the detrimental effects of iron overload on ovarian function remains ambiguous. Here, we confirmed the excess iron in the circumjacent follicle near endometriomas, which negatively impacted the oocyte development in the affected ovaries. Further, by integrating cell line and chronic iron overload mice model, we demonstrated that iron overload can function as a ROS inducer to amplify mitochondria damage, which significantly elevated the release of cytochrome C and ultimately induced the apoptosis of granular cells. Besides, for the first time, our findings revealed that disruption of HIF-1α/FSHR/CYP19A1 signaling was critical for decreased estrogen synthesis of granular cells in response to iron overload, which can lead to apparent oocyte maldevelopment and subfertility. Overall. this study uncovered that iron overload modulated the follicular microenvironment and generated a deleterious effect on female infertility via ROS/HIF-1α/FSHR signaling. These results might provide potential implications for future clinical risk management of patients with endometrioma and hemopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoqiu Wu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China
| | - Rong Yang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China
| | - Jie Lan
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China
| | - Yingchen Wu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China
| | - Jianyun Huang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China
| | - Qi Fan
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China
| | - Yang You
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China
| | - Haiyan Lin
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China
| | - Xuedan Jiao
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China.
| | - Chunwei Cao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China; Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510320, China; Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Center for Reproductive Genetics and Reproductive Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Qingxue Zhang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China.
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Jozkowiak M, Piotrowska-Kempisty H, Kobylarek D, Gorska N, Mozdziak P, Kempisty B, Rachon D, Spaczynski RZ. Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: The Relevant Role of the Theca and Granulosa Cells in the Pathogenesis of the Ovarian Dysfunction. Cells 2022; 12:cells12010174. [PMID: 36611967 PMCID: PMC9818374 DOI: 10.3390/cells12010174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common heterogeneous endocrine disorder among women of reproductive age. The pathogenesis of PCOS remains elusive; however, there is evidence suggesting the potential contribution of genetic interactions or predispositions combined with environmental factors. Among these, endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) have been proposed to potentially contribute to the etiology of PCOS. Granulosa and theca cells are known to cooperate to maintain ovarian function, and any disturbance can lead to endocrine disorders, such as PCOS. This article provides a review of the recent knowledge on PCOS pathophysiology, the role of granulosa and theca cells in PCOS pathogenesis, and the evidence linking exposure to EDCs with reproductive disorders such as PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Jozkowiak
- Department of Toxicology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Dojazd 30, 60-631 Poznan, Poland
- Doctoral School, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Bukowska 70, 60-812 Poznan, Poland
| | - Hanna Piotrowska-Kempisty
- Department of Toxicology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Dojazd 30, 60-631 Poznan, Poland
- Department of Basic and Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Torun, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-61847-0721
| | - Dominik Kobylarek
- Department of Toxicology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Dojazd 30, 60-631 Poznan, Poland
| | - Natalia Gorska
- Department of Toxicology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Dojazd 30, 60-631 Poznan, Poland
| | - Paul Mozdziak
- Physiology Graduate Program, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
- Prestage Department of Poultry Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Bartosz Kempisty
- Prestage Department of Poultry Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
- Division of Anatomy, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, Chalubinskiego 6a, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Dominik Rachon
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 7, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Robert Z. Spaczynski
- Center for Gynecology, Obstetrics and Infertility Treatment Pastelova, Pastelowa 8, 60-198 Poznan, Poland
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Vilariño-García T, Guadix P, Dorado-Silva M, Sánchez-Martín P, Pérez-Pérez A, Sánchez-Margalet V. Decreased Expression of Sam68 Is Associated with Insulin Resistance in Granulosa Cells from PCOS Patients. Cells 2022; 11:cells11182821. [PMID: 36139396 PMCID: PMC9496917 DOI: 10.3390/cells11182821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex metabolic disorder associated with ovulatory dysfunction, hyperandrogenism, obesity, and insulin resistance, which leads to subfertility. PCOS is the most frequent metabolic disorder in women and the major cause of infertility. Susceptibility to developing PCOS is determined by a complex interaction between environmental and genetic factors. Although different mechanisms have been proposed to explain PCOS manifestations, defects in insulin actions or in the insulin signaling pathways are central in the pathogenesis of the syndrome. However, the mechanisms (molecular players and signaling pathways) underlying its primary origin still remain an unsolved issue. Current research is increasingly focusing on the discovery of novel biomarkers to further elucidate the complex pathophysiology of PCOS. Sam68, an RNA-binding protein, is recruited to insulin signaling, mediating different insulin actions. We aimed to investigate the role of Sam68 in insulin signaling and the possible implications of Sam68 in the insulin resistance in PCOS. MATERIALS AND METHODS Granulosa cells were taken from women with PCOS (n = 25) and healthy donors (n = 25) and, within the age range of 20 to 42 years, from GINEMED, Assisted Reproduction Centre, Seville, Spain. The Sam68 expression level was analyzed both by qPCR and immunoblot. Statistical significance was assessed by one-way ANOVA, followed by a post-hoc test. A p value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS We found that insulin stimulation increases the phosphorylation and expression level of Sam68 in granulosa cells from normal donors. The downregulation of Sam68 expression resulted in a lower activation of both the MAPK and the PI3K pathways in response to insulin. Moreover, the granulosa cells from the women with PCOS presented a lower expression of Sam68, as well as insulin receptor and insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1). In these cells, the overexpression of Sam68 resulted in an increased activation of both the MAPK and the PI3K pathways in response to insulin. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest the participation of Sam68 in insulin receptor signaling, mediating the insulin effect in granulosa cells, and they suggest the possible role of Sam68 in the insulin resistance of PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Vilariño-García
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Immunology, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain
| | - Pilar Guadix
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain
| | | | | | - Antonio Pérez-Pérez
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Immunology, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain
- Correspondence: (A.P.-P.); (V.S.-M.); Tel.: +95-4559-850 (A.P.-P.)
| | - Víctor Sánchez-Margalet
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Immunology, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain
- Correspondence: (A.P.-P.); (V.S.-M.); Tel.: +95-4559-850 (A.P.-P.)
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Association of Insulin Resistance and Elevated Androgen Levels with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS): A Review of Literature. JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE ENGINEERING 2022; 2022:9240569. [PMID: 35356614 PMCID: PMC8959968 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9240569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the disease featured by elevated levels of androgens, ovulatory dysfunction, and morphological abnormalities. At reproductive stage of women, the rate of PCOS occurrence is measured as 6–10% and the prevalence rate may be double. There are different pathophysiological factors involved in PCOS, and they play a major role in various abnormalities in individual patient. It is clear that there is noteworthy elevation of androgen in PCOS, causing substantial misery and infertility problems. The overexposure of androgen is directly linked with insulin resistance and hyperinsulinaemia. It has been reported previously that PCOS is related to cardiac metabolic miseries and potently increases the risk of heart diseases. Endometrial cancer is also a serious concern which is reported with exceedingly high incidence in women with PCOS. However, the overexposure of androgen has direct and specific influence on the development of insulin resistance. Although many factors are involved, resistance to the insulin and enhanced level of androgen are considered the major causes of PCOS. In the present review, we have focused on the pathophysiology and major revolutions of insulin resistance and excessive levels of androgen in females with PCOS.
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LNK promotes granulosa cell apoptosis in PCOS via negatively regulating insulin-stimulated AKT-FOXO3 pathway. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:4617-4633. [PMID: 33495419 PMCID: PMC7906173 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), which is often accompanied by insulin resistance, is closely related to increased apoptosis of ovarian granulosa cells. LNK is an important regulator of the insulin signaling pathway. When insulin binds to the receptor, the PI3K/AKT/FOXO signaling pathway is activated, and FOXO translocates from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, thereby inhibiting the expression of pro-apoptotic genes. METHODS Granulosa cells were collected from PCOS patients to investigate the relationship between LNK, cell apoptosis and insulin resistance. KGN cells underwent LNK overexpression/silence and insulin stimulation. The AKT/FOXO3 pathway was studied by western blot and immunofluorescence. LNK knockout mice were used to investigate the effect of LNK on the pathogenesis of PCOS. RESULTS The level of LNK was higher in PCOS group than control group. LNK was positively correlated with granulosa cell apoptosis and insulin resistance, and negatively correlated with oocyte maturation rate. LNK overexpression in KGN cells inhibited insulin-induced AKT/FOXO3 signaling pathway, causing nucleus translocation of FOXO3 and promoting granulosa cell apoptosis. LNK knockout partially restored estrous cycle and improved glucose metabolism in PCOS mice. CONCLUSIONS LNK was closely related to insulin resistance and apoptosis of granulosa cells via the AKT/FOXO3 pathway. LNK knockout partially restored estrous cycle and improved glucose metabolism in PCOS mice, suggesting LNK might become a potential biological target for the clinical treatment of PCOS.
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Peng Y, Yang X, Luo X, Liu C, Cao X, Wang H, Guo L. Novel mechanisms underlying anti-polycystic ovary like syndrome effects of electroacupuncture in rats: suppressing SREBP1 to mitigate insulin resistance, mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. Biol Res 2020; 53:50. [PMID: 33109277 PMCID: PMC7590702 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-020-00317-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acupuncture, a therapy of traditional Chinese medicine, is confirmed to exert the therapeutic action on polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). However, the detailed therapeutic mechanisms of acupuncture in PCOS remain ambiguous. In this study, we further investigated whether electroacupuncture (EA) alleviated PCOS-like symptoms in rats via regulating a metabolic regulator, sterol regulatory element binding protein-1 (SREBP1). Methods The PCOS-like rat model was built by hypodermic injection with dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA). The rats were subjected to EA intervention (ST29 and SP6 acupuncture points) for 5 weeks. Primary granulosa cells were isolated from control and PCOS-like rats for evaluating insulin resistance, mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in vitro. Results The expression of SREBP1 was increased in PCOS-like rats, which was suppressed by EA treatment. In addition, lentivirus-mediated overexpression of SREBP1 restrained EA treatment-induced improvement in pathological changes, serum hormone levels and insulin resistance in rats. In addition, overexpression of SREBP1 repressed insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of insulin receptor β (IR) and AKT in primary granulosa cells. Moreover, upregulation of SREBP1 further exacerbated mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in granulosa cells isolated from PCOS-like rats. Mechanically, EA treatment suppressed SREBP1 expression through inducing the activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway in PCOS-like rats. Conclusion EA intervention alleviated PCOS-like symptoms in rats via improving IR, mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress through regulating SREBP1, a lipid metabolism regulator. Our findings illuminate the novel protective mechanisms of EA in the treatment of PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Peng
- Disease Prevention Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinming Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Luo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunhong Liu
- College of Basic Medicine Sciences, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, People's Republic of China
| | - Xia Cao
- Document Retrival Center, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyan Wang
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Cancer Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, People's Republic of China
| | - Liyuan Guo
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Cancer Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, People's Republic of China.
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LNK deficiency decreases obesity-induced insulin resistance by regulating GLUT4 through the PI3K-Akt-AS160 pathway in adipose tissue. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:17150-17166. [PMID: 32911464 PMCID: PMC7521507 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, LNK, an adapter protein, has been found to be associated with metabolic diseases, including hypertension and diabetes. We found that the expression of LNK in human adipose tissue was positively correlated with serum glucose and insulin in obese people. We examined the role of LNK in insulin resistance and systemic energy metabolism using LNK-deficient mice (LNK-/-). With consumption of a high-fat diet, wild type (WT) mice accumulated more intrahepatic triglyceride, higher serum triglyceride (TG), free fatty acid (FFA) and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) compared with LNK-/- mice. However, there was no significant difference between LNK-/- and WT mice under normal chow diet. Meanwhile, glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) expression in adipose tissue and insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in adipocytes were increased in LNK-/- mice. LNK-/- adipose tissue showed activated reactivity for IRS1/PI3K/Akt/AS160 signaling, and administration of a PI3K inhibitor impaired glucose uptake. In conclusion, LNK plays a pivotal role in adipose glucose transport by regulating insulin-mediated IRS1/PI3K/Akt/AS160 signaling.
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P53 modulates hepatic insulin sensitivity through NF-κB and p38/ERK MAPK pathways. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 495:2139-2144. [PMID: 29258820 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.12.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Besides its well-established oncosuppressor activity, the role of p53 in regulating metabolic pathways has been recently identified. Nevertheless, the function of p53 with respect to insulin resistance appears highly controversial. To address this issue, we investigated the expression of p53 in experimental model of insulin resistance. Then we used activator (nutlin-3α) and inhibitor (pifithrin-α, PFT-α) of p53 in HepG2 cell. Here we showed that p53 protein level was decreased in the hepatic tissue of high-fat diet-induced insulin resistance mice, genetically diabetic ob/ob mice and palmitate (PA) treated HepG2 cells. And high expression of phosphor-p38, ERK1/2 and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) p65 accompanied with low expression of p53. But activation of p53 with nutlin-3α prevented PA-induced reduction of glucose consumption and suppression of insulin signaling pathways. At the same time, nutlin-3α downregulated the activation of NF-κB, p38 and ERK1/2 pathways upon stimulation with PA. In contrast, inhibition of p53 with PFT-α decreased glucose consumption and suppressed insulin signaling pathway. Furthermore, PFT-α activated NF-κB, p38 and ERK1/2 pathways in HepG2 cells. Overall, these results suggest that p53 is involved in improving insulin sensitivity of hepatic cells via inhibition of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and NF-κB pathways.
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LNK deficiency aggravates palmitate-induced preadipocyte apoptosis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 490:91-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.05.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most prevalent endocrinopathy among women during reproductive age. PCOS is characterised by hyperandrogenaemia, hyperinsulinaemia, and deranged adipokines secretion from the adipose tissue. In addition to the reduced insulin sensitivity, PCOS women exhibit β-cell dysfunction as well. Low birth weight and foetal exposure to androgens may contribute to the development of the PCOS phenotype during life. Further metabolic complications lead to dyslipidaemia, worsening obesity and glucose tolerance, high prevalence of metabolic syndrome, and greater susceptibility to diabetes. PCOS women show age-related existence of hypertension, and subtle endothelial and vascular changes. Adverse reproductive outcomes include anovulatory infertility, and unrecognised potentiation of the hormone-dependent endometrial cancer. The main therapeutic approach is lifestyle modification. Metformin is the primary insulin-sensitising drug to be used as an adjuvant therapy to lifestyle modification in patients with insulin resistance and impaired glucose tolerance, as well as in those referred to infertility treatment. Thiazolidinediones should be reserved for women intolerant of or refractory to metformin, while glucagon-like peptide 1 analogues has a potential therapeutic use in obese PCOS women. Randomised clinical trials and repetitive studies on different PCOS phenotypes for the preventive actions and therapeutic options are still lacking, though.
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Affiliation(s)
- Djuro Macut
- Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Jelica Bjekić-Macut
- Department of Endocrinology, UMC Bežanijska kosa, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dario Rahelić
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Clinical Pharmacology, Clinic for Internal Medicine, School of Medicine Zagreb, Dubrava University Hospital, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mirjana Doknić
- Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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