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Luo G, Li X, Lin X, Lu X, Li Z, Xiang H. Novel 11β-substituted estradiol conjugates: Transition from ERα agonizts to effective PROTAC degraders. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2022; 223:106154. [PMID: 35870675 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2022.106154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Endocrine therapy is widely used in clinic for breast cancer treatment, but long-term treatment inevitably causes drug resistance. Most of endocrine therapy-resistant breast cancers continue to depend on ERα signaling for growth and survival. In this regard, small molecule-induced ERα degradation, i.e. proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs), represents an effective strategy to overcome endocrine resistance. Herein, we describe the design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of novel ERα-targeting PROTACs, wherein a E3 ligase ligand was attached to the 11β-position of estradiol via various linkers. Our efforts have identified a potent ERα PROTAC 15b that achieved excellent ERα degradation activity (DC50 = 67 nM) and induced comparable inhibition of cell growth to that of fulvestrant in MCF-7 cells. Besides, 15b displayed antagonistic effects in uterine cells and favorable physicochemical properties, making it as a good lead compound for further development as anti-breast agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoshun Luo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Xinyu Li
- School of Life and Health Sciences and Warshel Institute for Computational Biology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China
| | - Xin Lin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xiang Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Zhenbang Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Hua Xiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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Dalil D, Iranzadeh S, Kohansal S. Anticancer potential of cryptotanshinone on breast cancer treatment; A narrative review. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:979634. [PMID: 36188552 PMCID: PMC9523165 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.979634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer has recently been known as the first lethal malignancy in women worldwide. Despite the existing treatments that have improved the patients’ prognosis, some types of breast cancer are serious challenges to treat. Therefore, efforts are underway to provide more efficient therapy. Cryptotanshinone (CPT) is a liposoluble diterpenoid derivation of a traditional Chinese herbal medicine called Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge. It has been considered in the past decades due to its vast therapeutic properties, including anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, and anti-fibrosis. Recently, studies have found that CPT showed a significant anti-breast cancer effect in vivo and in vitro through different physiological and immunological mechanisms. This study summarized the latest research findings on the antitumor effect of CPT in breast cancer. Further, the main molecular mechanisms based on breast cancer types and combination with other drugs were reviewed to provide essential evidence for future longitudinal research and its clinical application in breast cancer treatment.
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Luo G, Lin X, Ren S, Wu S, Wang X, Ma L, Xiang H. Development of novel tetrahydroisoquinoline-hydroxamate conjugates as potent dual SERDs/HDAC inhibitors for the treatment of breast cancer. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 226:113870. [PMID: 34610548 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Concomitant inhibition of estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and histone deacetylase (HDAC) signaling has been proven effective in endocrine-resistant ER+ breast cancers. Herein, a series of tetrahydroisoquinoline (THIQ)-hydroxamate conjugates were rationally designed and synthesized as dual SERDs/HDAC inhibitors by incorporating the hydroxamate, a known HDAC pharmacophore, into a privileged THIQ scaffold of selective ERα degraders (SERDs). Some of these THIQ-hydroxamate conjugates displayed remarkable HDAC6 inhibition and improved antiproliferative activity against MCF-7 cells. Particularly, the most potent HDAC inhibitor 19k also exhibits potent ERα binding affinity, good ERα degradation efficacy and the best antiproliferative activity. Besides, 19k displayed superior antitumor efficacy than the drug combination (Fulvestrant + SAHA) through promoting ERα degradation and histone acetylation in an MCF-7 xenograft model, without causing observable toxicity. Collectively, this study validates the therapeutic potential of a dual-acting compound with potent ERα degradation efficacy and HDAC6 inhibition in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoshun Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Xin Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Shengnan Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Shuangjie Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Luyu Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Hua Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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Silva DTC, Vanderlei LCM, Palma MR, Ribeiro FE, Tebar WR, Tosello GT, Christofaro DGD. Association Between Different Domains of Physical Activity and Body Adiposity Indicators in Breast Cancer Survivors. Clin Breast Cancer 2021; 22:e438-e443. [PMID: 34863641 DOI: 10.1016/j.clbc.2021.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To analyze the relationship between different physical activity (PA) domains and adiposity indicators in breast cancer survivors. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study, composed of 115 breast cancer (BC) survivors. Measurements of weight, height, waist circumference (WC), and hip circumference were objectively collected, as well as the analysis of body fat percentage through bioelectrical impedance analysis. The PA level was assessed by the Baecke questionnaire including domains related to occupational activity, leisure-time activity, and transportation, while the time spent in sedentary behavior was assessed through self-reported screen-time. Socioeconomic status was assessed through the Brazilian criteria for economic classification and considered as a covariate. RESULTS BC survivors with higher PA levels in leisure-time activity/sport presented reductions in body fat percentage (β = 1.13%; CI = -2.06; -0.21), BMI (β = 0.80 kg/m²; CI = -1.50; -0.11), WC (β = 1.89 cm; CI = -3.54; -0.23), and waist-to-height ratio (β = 0.13 cm; CI = -0.23; -0.02). Similar values were observed in PA during transportation and in total. There was no correlation between PA at work and adiposity indicators. CONCLUSION Different PA domains were inversely related to body adiposity in BC survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mariana Romanholi Palma
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Technology and Sciences, Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Elisa Ribeiro
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Technology and Sciences, Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - William Rodrigues Tebar
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Technology and Sciences, Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
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Zhang L, Wu X, Zhou J, Zhu M, Yu H, Zhang Y, Zhao Y, Han Z, Guo Y, Guan X, Wang X, Xu H, Sun L, Zhang J, Zhuang M, Xie L, Yu S, Chen P, Feng J. Pyrotinib in the Treatment of Women With HER2-Positive Advanced Breast Cancer: A Multicenter, Prospective, Real-World Study. Front Oncol 2021; 11:699323. [PMID: 34336688 PMCID: PMC8322968 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.699323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background HER2-positive breast cancer was aggressive, resulting in a poorer prognosis. This multicenter study analyzed the real-world data of women treated with pyrotinib-based therapy, aiming to describe their characteristics, treatment regimens, and to investigate the clinical outcomes. Methods A total of 141 patients with HER2-positive breast cancer were enrolled from February 2019 to April 2020. Last follow-up time was February 2021. All patients were treated with pyrotinib-based therapy in 21-day cycles. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS). Results The median PFS (mPFS) for pyrotinib-based therapy was 12.0 months (95%CI 8.1-17.8) in all patients. Among the patients with liver metastases, mPFS was 8.7 months (95%CI, 6.3-15.4) compared to 12.3 months (95%CI, 8.8-23.3) for patients without liver metastases (P=0.172). In addition, patients receiving pyrotinib-based therapy as their >2 lines treatment had a numerically lower mPFS than those receiving pyrotinib-based therapy as their ≤2 lines treatment [8.4 (95%CI, 5.9-15.4) vs. 15.1 (95%CI, 9.3-22.9) months, P=0.107]. The mPFS was 12.2 months (95%CI, 7.9-18.8) in patients with previous exposure to trastuzumab and 11.8 months (95%CI, 6.8-22.9) in patients without previous exposure to trastuzumab (P=0.732). Moreover, mPFS in patients receiving regimens with and without capecitabine were 15.1 months (95%CI, 10.0-18.8) and 8.4 months (95%CI, 6.7-22.9), respectively (P=0.070). Furthermore, in patients with brain metastases, estimated 6-month PFS rate was 70.0%, and rate at 12 months was 60.0%. Seventy patients with measurable lesions were evaluable for response. The objective response rate was 38.6% and disease control rate was 85.7%. The most common adverse event was diarrhea (85.0%). Conclusion Pyrotinib-based therapy showed promising efficacy in patients with HER2-positive breast cancer and was well tolerated, especially in patients treated with pyrotinib as ≤2 lines treatment and receiving regimens with capecitabine. The results of this real-world study further confirmed the intriguing efficacy of pyrotinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaohong Wu
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, China
| | - Mingzhen Zhu
- Department of Oncology, The Second People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, China
| | - Hao Yu
- Department of Oncology, Zhenjiang First People's Hospital, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yusong Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yutian Zhao
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Zhengxiang Han
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yujiang Guo
- Department of General Surgery, Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi, China
| | - Xiaoqing Guan
- Department of Breast Surgery, Suqian People's Hospital of Nanjing Drum-Tower Hospital Group, Suqian, China
| | - Xufen Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, China
| | - Hong Xu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Li Sun
- Department of Oncology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, China
| | - Jiaxin Zhang
- Department of Thyroid & Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Min Zhuang
- Department of Oncology, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, China
| | - Li Xie
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Shiyou Yu
- Department of Thyroid & Breast Surgery, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ping Chen
- Department of Oncology, Yancheng No.1 People's Hospital, Yancheng, China
| | - Jifeng Feng
- Department of Oncology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Liang J, Zbieg JR, Blake RA, Chang JH, Daly S, DiPasquale AG, Friedman LS, Gelzleichter T, Gill M, Giltnane JM, Goodacre S, Guan J, Hartman SJ, Ingalla ER, Kategaya L, Kiefer JR, Kleinheinz T, Labadie SS, Lai T, Li J, Liao J, Liu Z, Mody V, McLean N, Metcalfe C, Nannini MA, Oeh J, O'Rourke MG, Ortwine DF, Ran Y, Ray NC, Roussel F, Sambrone A, Sampath D, Schutt LK, Vinogradova M, Wai J, Wang T, Wertz IE, White JR, Yeap SK, Young A, Zhang B, Zheng X, Zhou W, Zhong Y, Wang X. GDC-9545 (Giredestrant): A Potent and Orally Bioavailable Selective Estrogen Receptor Antagonist and Degrader with an Exceptional Preclinical Profile for ER+ Breast Cancer. J Med Chem 2021; 64:11841-11856. [PMID: 34251202 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer remains a leading cause of cancer death in women, representing a significant unmet medical need. Here, we disclose our discovery efforts culminating in a clinical candidate, 35 (GDC-9545 or giredestrant). 35 is an efficient and potent selective estrogen receptor degrader (SERD) and a full antagonist, which translates into better antiproliferation activity than known SERDs (1, 6, 7, and 9) across multiple cell lines. Fine-tuning the physiochemical properties enabled once daily oral dosing of 35 in preclinical species and humans. 35 exhibits low drug-drug interaction liability and demonstrates excellent in vitro and in vivo safety profiles. At low doses, 35 induces tumor regressions either as a single agent or in combination with a CDK4/6 inhibitor in an ESR1Y537S mutant PDX or a wild-type ERα tumor model. Currently, 35 is being evaluated in Phase III clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Liang
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jason R Zbieg
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Robert A Blake
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jae H Chang
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Stephen Daly
- Charles River Discovery Research Services UK Limited, 7-9 Spire Green Center, Flex Meadow, Harlow, Essex CM19 5TR, United Kingdom
| | - Antonio G DiPasquale
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Lori S Friedman
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Thomas Gelzleichter
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Matthew Gill
- Charles River Discovery Research Services UK Limited, 7-9 Spire Green Center, Flex Meadow, Harlow, Essex CM19 5TR, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer M Giltnane
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Simon Goodacre
- Charles River Discovery Research Services UK Limited, 7-9 Spire Green Center, Flex Meadow, Harlow, Essex CM19 5TR, United Kingdom
| | - Jane Guan
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Steven J Hartman
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Ellen Rei Ingalla
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Lorn Kategaya
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - James R Kiefer
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Tracy Kleinheinz
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Sharada S Labadie
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Tommy Lai
- WuXi AppTec Co., Ltd., 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, P. R. China
| | - Jun Li
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jiangpeng Liao
- WuXi AppTec Co., Ltd., 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, P. R. China
| | - Zhiguo Liu
- WuXi AppTec Co., Ltd., 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, P. R. China
| | - Vidhi Mody
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Neville McLean
- Charles River Discovery Research Services UK Limited, 7-9 Spire Green Center, Flex Meadow, Harlow, Essex CM19 5TR, United Kingdom
| | - Ciara Metcalfe
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Michelle A Nannini
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jason Oeh
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Martin G O'Rourke
- Charles River Discovery Research Services UK Limited, 7-9 Spire Green Center, Flex Meadow, Harlow, Essex CM19 5TR, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel F Ortwine
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Yingqing Ran
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Nicholas C Ray
- Charles River Discovery Research Services UK Limited, 7-9 Spire Green Center, Flex Meadow, Harlow, Essex CM19 5TR, United Kingdom
| | - Fabien Roussel
- Charles River Discovery Research Services UK Limited, 7-9 Spire Green Center, Flex Meadow, Harlow, Essex CM19 5TR, United Kingdom
| | - Amy Sambrone
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Deepak Sampath
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Leah K Schutt
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Maia Vinogradova
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - John Wai
- WuXi AppTec Co., Ltd., 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, P. R. China
| | - Tao Wang
- WuXi AppTec Co., Ltd., 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, P. R. China
| | - Ingrid E Wertz
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jonathan R White
- Charles River Discovery Research Services UK Limited, 7-9 Spire Green Center, Flex Meadow, Harlow, Essex CM19 5TR, United Kingdom
| | - Siew Kuen Yeap
- Charles River Discovery Research Services UK Limited, 7-9 Spire Green Center, Flex Meadow, Harlow, Essex CM19 5TR, United Kingdom
| | - Amy Young
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Birong Zhang
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Xiaoping Zheng
- WuXi AppTec Co., Ltd., 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, P. R. China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Yu Zhong
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Xiaojing Wang
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
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Jordan VC. 50th anniversary of the first clinical trial with ICI 46,474 (tamoxifen): then what happened? Endocr Relat Cancer 2021; 28:R11-R30. [PMID: 33151906 PMCID: PMC7780369 DOI: 10.1530/erc-20-0335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Following the discovery and approval of the oral contraceptive, the pharmaceutical industry sought new opportunities for the regulation of reproduction. The discovery of the first non-steroidal anti-oestrogen MER25, with antifertility properties in laboratory animals, started a search for 'morning-after pills'. There were multiple options in the 1960s, however, one compound ICI 46,474 was investigated, but found to induce ovulation in subfertile women. A second option was to treat stage IV breast cancer. Although the patent for ICI 46,474 was awarded in the early 1960s in the UK and around the world, a patent in the USA was denied on the basis that the claims for breast cancer treatment were not supported by evidence. A trial at the Christie Hospital and Holt Radium Institute in Manchester, published in 1971, showed activity compared with alternatives: high-dose oestrogen or androgen treatment, but the US Patent Office was unswayed until 1985! The future of tamoxifen to be, was in the balance in 1972 but the project went forward as an orphan drug looking for applications and a translational research strategy was needed. Today, tamoxifen is known as the first targeted therapy in cancer with successful applications to treat all stages of breast cancer, male breast cancer, and the first medicine for the reduction of breast cancer incidence in high-risk pre- and post-menopausal women. This is the unlikely story of how an orphan medicine changed medical practice around the world, with millions of women's lives extended.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Craig Jordan
- Dallas/Ft. Worth Living Legend Chair of Cancer Research, Breast Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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Choi PJ, Park TI, Cooper E, Dragunow M, Denny WA, Jose J. Heptamethine Cyanine Dye Mediated Drug Delivery: Hype or Hope. Bioconjug Chem 2020; 31:1724-1739. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.0c00302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter J. Choi
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Thomas I−H. Park
- Department of Pharmacology & The Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
- Neurosurgical Research Unit, The Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Private Bag
92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Elizabeth Cooper
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
- Department of Pharmacology & The Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
- Neurosurgical Research Unit, The Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Private Bag
92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Mike Dragunow
- Department of Pharmacology & The Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
- Neurosurgical Research Unit, The Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Private Bag
92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - William A. Denny
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Jiney Jose
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
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9
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Shi D, Zhao P, Cui L, Li H, Sun L, Niu J, Chen M. Inhibition of PI3K/AKT molecular pathway mediated by membrane estrogen receptor GPER accounts for cryptotanshinone induced antiproliferative effect on breast cancer SKBR-3 cells. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2020; 21:32. [PMID: 32357920 PMCID: PMC7193699 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-020-00410-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed malignancy among women and the second leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Among which nuclear estrogen receptor (nER) negative breast cancer is always with much poor prognosis. Recently, membrane G protein coupled estrogen receptor (GPER), a newly recognized estrogen receptor has been documented to take essential part in the development and treatment of breast cancer. The present study was designed to investigate the anti nER negative breast cancer effect of cryptotanshinone (CPT), an important active compound of traditional Chinese medicine Danshen and its possible molecular pathway. Methods The following in vitro tests were performed in nER negative but GPER positive breast cancer SKBR-3 cells. The effect of CPT on cell proliferation rate and cell cycle distribution was evaluated by MTT cell viability test and flow cytometry assay respectively. The role of PI3K/AKT pathway and the mediated function of GPER were tested by western blot and immunofluorescence. Technique of gene silence and the specific GPER agonist G-1 and antagonist G-15 were employed in the experiments to further verify the function of GPER in mediating the anticancer role of CPT. Results The results showed that proliferation of SKBR-3 cells could be blocked by CPT in a time and dose dependent manner. CPT could also exert antiproliferative activities by arresting cell cycle progression in G1 phase and down regulating the expression level of cyclin A, cyclin B, cyclin D and cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2). The antiproliferative effect of CPT was further enhanced by G-1 and attenuated by G-15. Results of western blot and immunofluorescence showed that expression of PI3K and p-AKT could be downregulated by CPT and such effects were mediated by GPER which were further demonstrated by gene silence test. Conclusion The current study showed that the antiproliferative action of CPT on SKBR-3 cells was realized by inhibition of GPER mediated PI3K/AKT pathway. These findings provide further validation of GPER serving as useful therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danning Shi
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 11, Bei San Huan Dong Lu, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Piwen Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 11, Bei San Huan Dong Lu, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Lixia Cui
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 11, Bei San Huan Dong Lu, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Hongbo Li
- Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100078, China
| | - Liping Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 11, Bei San Huan Dong Lu, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Jianzhao Niu
- School of Traditional Chinese, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Meng Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
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10
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Hamid AB, Petreaca RC. Secondary Resistant Mutations to Small Molecule Inhibitors in Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12040927. [PMID: 32283832 PMCID: PMC7226513 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12040927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Secondary resistant mutations in cancer cells arise in response to certain small molecule inhibitors. These mutations inevitably cause recurrence and often progression to a more aggressive form. Resistant mutations may manifest in various forms. For example, some mutations decrease or abrogate the affinity of the drug for the protein. Others restore the function of the enzyme even in the presence of the inhibitor. In some cases, resistance is acquired through activation of a parallel pathway which bypasses the function of the drug targeted pathway. The Catalogue of Somatic Mutations in Cancer (COSMIC) produced a compendium of resistant mutations to small molecule inhibitors reported in the literature. Here, we build on these data and provide a comprehensive review of resistant mutations in cancers. We also discuss mechanistic parallels of resistance.
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11
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Knox A, Kalchschmid C, Schuster D, Gaggia F, Manzl C, Baecker D, Gust R. Development of bivalent triarylalkene- and cyclofenil-derived dual estrogen receptor antagonists and downregulators. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 192:112191. [PMID: 32169784 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Up to 80% of mammary carcinoma initially exhibit estrogen-dependent growth, which can be treated by aromatase inhibitors or SERMs/SERDs. To increase the options after failure of the hormonal therapy with these drugs, the search for alternatives with a different mode of action to prevent estrogen action is of high relevance. Therefore, this study focused on the inhibition of coactivator recruitment at the estrogen receptor (ER) by targeted attachment of bivalent compounds at the coactivator binding site besides the primary binding at the ligand binding domain. Eight homodimeric 4-[1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-phenyl-1-butenyl]cinnamic acid (GW7604)- or cyclofenilacrylic acid-based ER ligands with diaminoalkane linkers (C2-C5) were synthesized and their effects on the ER subtypes were assessed in vitro. All compounds possessed full antagonistic potency at ERα/β as determined in a transactivation assay. Furthermore, they exerted medium downregulatory effects dependent on the spacer length and did not stimulate the ER expression as observed for 4-hydroxytamoxifen. The cyclofenil-derived dimer with C4 spacer (15b) showed the highest binding affinity to ERα (RBA = 79.2%) and downregulated the ER content in MCF-7 cells with an efficiency of 38% at 1 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Knox
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, CCB - Centrum for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christina Kalchschmid
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, CCB - Centrum for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Daniela Schuster
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, CCB - Centrum for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Francesca Gaggia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, CCB - Centrum for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Claudia Manzl
- Institute for Pathology, Neuropathology and Molecular Pathology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Daniel Baecker
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, CCB - Centrum for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ronald Gust
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, CCB - Centrum for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Innsbruck, Austria.
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12
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Fortini F, Vieceli Dalla Sega F, Caliceti C, Lambertini E, Pannuti A, Peiffer DS, Balla C, Rizzo P. Estrogen-mediated protection against coronary heart disease: The role of the Notch pathway. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 189:87-100. [PMID: 30817989 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2019.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen regulates a plethora of biological processes, under physiological and pathological conditions, by affecting key pathways involved in the regulation of cell proliferation, fate, survival and metabolism. The Notch receptors are mediators of communication between adjacent cells and are key determinants of cell fate during development and in postnatal life. Crosstalk between estrogen and the Notch pathway intervenes in many processes underlying the development and maintenance of the cardiovascular system. The identification of molecular mechanisms underlying the interaction between these types of endocrine and juxtacrine signaling are leading to a deeper understanding of physiological conditions regulated by these steroid hormones and, potentially, to novel therapeutic approaches to prevent pathologies linked to reduced levels of estrogen, such as coronary heart disease, and cardiotoxicity caused by hormone therapy for estrogen-receptor-positive breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Cristiana Caliceti
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Lambertini
- Department of Biomedical and Specialty Surgical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Antonio Pannuti
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Daniel S Peiffer
- Oncology Research Institute, Loyola University Chicago: Health Sciences Division, Maywood, Illinois, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago: Health Sciences Division, Maywood, Illinois, USA
| | - Cristina Balla
- Cardiovascular Center, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Paola Rizzo
- Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, Cotignola, RA, Italy; Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy; Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
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13
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Gonzaga LA, de Paulo TRS, Viezel J, Vanzella LM, Freitas Jr. IF, Vanderlei LCM. Changes in Cardiac Autonomic Modulation in Women with Breast Cancer Using Aromatase Inhibitors and the Relation with Biochemical Variables. Arq Bras Cardiol 2019; 112:555-563. [PMID: 30843932 PMCID: PMC6555568 DOI: 10.5935/abc.20190036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of autonomic modulation as a predictor of cardiovascular risk in women with breast cancer is important. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the cardiac autonomic modulation of postmenopausal women using aromatase inhibitors for breast cancer treatment, as well as its relation with the following biochemical variables. METHODS Postmenopausal women who did not have breast cancer (n = 33) and postmenopausal women with breast cancer (n = 15). For evaluation of the autonomic modulation the heart rate was recorded beat-to-beat for 30 minutes and the series of RR intervals obtained were used to calculate the following heart rate variability indices: Mean RR ms, SDNN (standard deviation of all normal RR intervals, expressed in milliseconds) ms, Mean HR, RMSSD (square root of the mean of the squared differences between adjacent normal RR interval) ms, NN50 (number of pairs of successive NNs that differ by more than 50 ms) count, pNN50% (proportion of NN50 divided by total number of NNs), RRtri (RR triangular), TINN (triangular interpolation of NN interval) ms, SD1 ms, SD2 ms, LF ms2, HF ms2, LH/HF ms2. The values of biochemical variables (fasting glycemia, triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol, and C-reactive protein) were analyzed by blood sample. RESULTS Lower values of heart rate variability indices were observed in postmenopausal women with breast cancer in relation to postmenopausal women who did not have breast cancer: Mean RR (p = 0.03); SDNN (p = 0.03); RMSSD (p = 0.03); NN50 count (p = 0.03); pNN50 % (p = 0.03); RRtri (p = 0.02); SD1 (p = 0.01); SD2 (p = 0.02); LF ms2 (p = 0.01); HF ms2 (p = 0.03).There was an inversely proportional correlation between the indices SDNN, SD2, and HFms2 with triglycerides (SDNN p = 0.04; SD2 p = 0.04; HF ms2 p = 0.04). No statistically significant correlations were found between heart rate variability indices and others variables. Statistical significance was set at 5% for all analyses. CONCLUSION Women with breast cancer present reduced autonomic modulation and in these women of heart rate variability indices are inversely correlated with triglyceride values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana Almeida Gonzaga
- Departamento de Fisioterapia - Faculdade de Ciências e
Tecnologia da Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, SP -
Brazil
| | - Thais Reis Silva de Paulo
- Departamento de Educação Física - Universidade
Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN - Brazil
| | - Juliana Viezel
- Departamento de Educação Física - Faculdade de
Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente
Prudente, SP - Brazil
| | - Laís Manata Vanzella
- Departamento de Fisioterapia - Faculdade de Ciências e
Tecnologia da Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, SP -
Brazil
| | - Ismael Forte Freitas Jr.
- Departamento de Educação Física - Faculdade de
Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente
Prudente, SP - Brazil
| | - Luiz Carlos Marques Vanderlei
- Departamento de Fisioterapia - Faculdade de Ciências e
Tecnologia da Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, SP -
Brazil
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14
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Wu C, Li M, Meng H, Liu Y, Niu W, Zhou Y, Zhao R, Duan Y, Zeng Z, Li X, Li G, Xiong W, Zhou M. Analysis of status and countermeasures of cancer incidence and mortality in China. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2019; 62:640-647. [PMID: 30900169 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-018-9461-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is the leading cause of human deaths in the world and produces serious economic burdens. On September 12, 2018, the academic journal A Cancer Journal for Clinicians published an article about the latest statistics of cancers worldwide, which provided a status report on the global burden of 36 cancers in 185 countries worldwide. Cancer has also become a serious public health problem in China and caused more and more attention of the government and people in recent years. This review analyzes the incidence, mortality and prevalent trend of cancers in China, discusses the reasons behind this status, and reviews the potential countermeasures for cancer prevention and control in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunchun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of Ministry of Health of China, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education of China, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medicine Science, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Mengna Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of Ministry of Health of China, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education of China, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medicine Science, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Hanbing Meng
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of Ministry of Health of China, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education of China, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medicine Science, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Yukun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of Ministry of Health of China, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education of China, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medicine Science, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Weihong Niu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of Ministry of Health of China, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education of China, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medicine Science, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Yao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of Ministry of Health of China, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education of China, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medicine Science, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Ran Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of Ministry of Health of China, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education of China, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medicine Science, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Yumei Duan
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of Ministry of Health of China, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education of China, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medicine Science, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Zhaoyang Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of Ministry of Health of China, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education of China, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medicine Science, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Xiaoling Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of Ministry of Health of China, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education of China, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medicine Science, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Guiyuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of Ministry of Health of China, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education of China, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medicine Science, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of Ministry of Health of China, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education of China, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medicine Science, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Ming Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of Ministry of Health of China, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China. .,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education of China, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medicine Science, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China.
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