1
|
Chromosome Abnormalities and Fertility in Domestic Bovids: A Review. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11030802. [PMID: 33809390 PMCID: PMC8001068 DOI: 10.3390/ani11030802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In domestic bovids, numerical autosome abnormalities have been rarely reported, as they present abnormal animal phenotypes quickly eliminated by breeders. However, numerical abnormalities involving sex chromosomes and structural (balanced) chromosome anomalies have been more frequently detected because they are most often not phenotypically visible to breeders. For this reason, these chromosome abnormalities, without a cytogenetic control, escape animal selection, with subsequent deleterious effects on fertility, especially in female carriers. Abstract After discovering the Robertsonian translocation rob(1;29) in Swedish red cattle and demonstrating its harmful effect on fertility, the cytogenetics applied to domestic animals have been widely expanded in many laboratories in order to find relationships between chromosome abnormalities and their phenotypic effects on animal production. Numerical abnormalities involving autosomes have been rarely reported, as they present abnormal animal phenotypes quickly eliminated by breeders. In contrast, numerical sex chromosome abnormalities and structural chromosome anomalies have been more frequently detected in domestic bovids because they are often not phenotypically visible to breeders. For this reason, these chromosome abnormalities, without a cytogenetic control, escape selection, with subsequent harmful effects on fertility, especially in female carriers. Chromosome abnormalities can also be easily spread through the offspring, especially when using artificial insemination. The advent of chromosome banding and FISH-mapping techniques with specific molecular markers (or chromosome-painting probes) has led to the development of powerful tools for cytogeneticists in their daily work. With these tools, they can identify the chromosomes involved in abnormalities, even when the banding pattern resolution is low (as has been the case in many published papers, especially in the past). Indeed, clinical cytogenetics remains an essential step in the genetic improvement of livestock.
Collapse
|
2
|
Masset H, Tšuiko O, Vermeesch JR. Genome-wide abnormalities in embryos: Origins and clinical consequences. Prenat Diagn 2021; 41:554-563. [PMID: 33524193 DOI: 10.1002/pd.5895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Ploidy or genome-wide chromosomal anomalies such as triploidy, diploid/triploid mixoploidy, chimerism, and genome-wide uniparental disomy are the cause of molar pregnancies, embryonic lethality, and developmental disorders. While triploidy and genome-wide uniparental disomy can be ascribed to fertilization or meiotic errors, the mechanisms causing mixoploidy and chimerism remain shrouded in mystery. Different models have been proposed, but all remain hypothetical and controversial, are deduced from the developmental persistent genomic constitutions present in the sample studied and lack direct evidence. New single-cell genomic methodologies, such as single-cell genome-wide haplotyping, provide an extended view of the constitution of normal and abnormal embryos and have further pinpointed the existence of mixoploidy in cleavage-stage embryos. Based on those recent findings, we suggest that genome-wide anomalies, which persist in fetuses and patients, can for a large majority be explained by a noncanonical first zygotic cleavage event, during which maternal and paternal genomes in a single zygote, segregate to different blastomeres. This process, termed heterogoneic division, provides an overarching theoretical basis for the different presentations of mixoploidy and chimerism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heleen Masset
- Department of Human Genetics, Laboratory for Cytogenetics and Genome Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Olga Tšuiko
- Department of Human Genetics, Laboratory for Cytogenetics and Genome Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Joris R Vermeesch
- Department of Human Genetics, Laboratory for Cytogenetics and Genome Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Center of Human Genetics, University Hospitals of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Carson JC, Hoffner L, Conlin L, Parks WT, Fisher RA, Spinner N, Yatsenko SA, Bonadio J, Surti U. Diploid/triploid mixoploidy: A consequence of asymmetric zygotic segregation of parental genomes. Am J Med Genet A 2018; 176:2720-2732. [PMID: 30302900 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.40646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Triploidy is the presence of an extra haploid set of chromosomes and can exist in complete or mosaic form. The extra haploid set of chromosomes in triploid cells can be of maternal or paternal origin. Diploid/triploid mixoploidy is a unique form of triploid mosaicism that requires the aberrant segregation of entire parental genomes into distinct blastomere lineages (heterogoneic cell division) at the earliest zygotic divisions. Here we report on eight cases of diploid/triploid mixoploidy from our institution and conduct a comprehensive review of the literature. The parental origin of the extra set of chromosomes was determined in two cases; and, based on phenotypic evidence we propose the parental origin in the other cases. One case with complex mixoploidy appears to have a digynic origin in addition to the involvement of two different sperm. Of our eight cases, only one resulted in the birth of a live healthy child. The other pregnancies ended in miscarriage, elective termination of pregnancy, intrauterine fetal demise or neonatal death. A review of the literature and the results of our cases show that a preponderance of recognized cases of diploid/triploid mixoploidy has a digynic origin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jason C Carson
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Lori Hoffner
- Magee-Womens Research Institute and Foundation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Laura Conlin
- Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,The Perelman School of Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - W Tony Parks
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Rosemary A Fisher
- Trophoblastic Tumour Screening and Treatment Centre, Imperial College London, Charing Cross Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nancy Spinner
- Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,The Perelman School of Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Svetlana A Yatsenko
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Magee-Womens Research Institute and Foundation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jeffrey Bonadio
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Urvashi Surti
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Magee-Womens Research Institute and Foundation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Posey JE, Mohrbacher N, Smith JL, Patel A, Potocki L, Breman AM. Triploidy mosaicism (45,X/68,XX) in an infant presenting with failure to thrive. Am J Med Genet A 2015; 170:694-8. [PMID: 26566716 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.37469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Triploid mosaicism is a rare aneuploidy syndrome characterized by growth retardation, developmental delay, 3-4 syndactyly, microphthalmia, coloboma, cleft lip and/or palate, genitourinary anomalies, and facial or body asymmetry. In the present report, we describe a 3-month-old female presenting with failure to thrive, growth retardation, and developmental delay. A chromosomal microarray demonstrated monosomy X, but her atypical phenotype prompted further evaluation with a chromosome analysis, which demonstrated 45,X/68,XX mixoploidy. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a patient with this chromosome complement. Mosaicism in chromosomal aneuploidies is likely under-recognized and may obscure the clinical diagnosis. At a time when comparative genomic hybridization and genome sequencing are increasingly used as diagnostic tools, this report highlights the clinical utility of chromosome analysis when a molecular diagnosis is not consistent with the observed phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer E Posey
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Nikki Mohrbacher
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Janice L Smith
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Ankita Patel
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Lorraine Potocki
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Amy M Breman
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Abstract
A girl infant was delivered by cesarean section at 32 weeks of gestation because of growth arrest and poor movement patterns. The infant had feeding problems, which were based on gastroesophageal reflux, laryngomalacia, and decreased gut motility. Hypotonia was notable from the outset, and the patient eventually displayed significant delays in both motor and cognitive milestones. Meanwhile, lymphocytes had yielded a normal karyotype (46,XX), but at 2 years of age the patient underwent a skin biopsy and mosaicism because a 68,XX cell line was discovered in fibroblasts. At the age 6.4 years, the patient is short of stature below the 3rd percentile but has a weight at the 42nd percentile and head circumference above the 97th percentile. Other phenotypic features include low-set ears, piebald irides and scalp hair, eyelid ptosis, strabismus, broad nasal bridge, anteverted nares, upswept eyebrows, hypoplastic teeth, pectus excavatum, hypoplastic labia, scoliosis, 3-4 finger syndactyly, and 2-3 toe syndactyly. We present this case with a review of the literature for mixoploidy (the rare event of mosaicism for diploid and triploid cell lines). We add to the existing data on the clinical features of diploid/triploid mixoploidy. The complexities of the gastrointestinal problems make this case unusual.
Collapse
|
6
|
Boonen SE, Hoffmann AL, Donnai D, Tümer Z, Ravn K. Diploid/triploid mosaicism: a rare event or an under-diagnosed syndrome? Eur J Med Genet 2011; 54:374-5. [PMID: 21252005 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2011.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2010] [Accepted: 01/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
7
|
Wegner RD, Kistner G, Becker R, Stumm M, Knoll U, Entezami M, Trimborn M. Fetal 46,XX/69,XXY mixoploidy: origin and confirmation by analysis of fetal urine cells. Prenat Diagn 2009; 29:287-9. [PMID: 19194868 DOI: 10.1002/pd.2213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
8
|
Ovarian cryopreservation and transplantation for fertility preservation for medical indications: report of an ongoing experience. Fertil Steril 2008; 93:762-8. [PMID: 19013568 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2008] [Revised: 09/28/2008] [Accepted: 10/03/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the indications, safety, utilization, and success of ovarian tissue freezing and transplantation. DESIGN Prospective longitudinal analysis. SETTING Academic medical centers. PATIENT(S) Fifty-nine women who underwent ovarian tissue cryopreservation with a slow freezing technique between May 1997 and March 2008. A follow-up was conducted 36.8 +/- 3.6 months after the procedure. INTERVENTION(S) Ovarian tissue harvesting and cryopreservation. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Indications, safety, and utilization rates. RESULT(S) The mean age (+/- SE) was 26.7 +/-1.2 years (range 4-44 years). The majority of patients had either hematologic malignancies (45.7%) or breast cancer (22%). Of these, 57.6% underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. No complications occurred and no histologic evidence of cancer was found in the harvested tissue. The median length of storage was 3.5 +/- 0.3 years (0.06-10.5 years). Fifty-six of 59 patients have not yet used their ovarian tissue. The reasons for nonutilization were social/personal, being still under treatment, and death in 54%, 38%, and 8%, respectively. Only three women (5.1%) underwent transplantation, two with the heterotopic (abdominal wall) and one with the orthotopic technique. One woman with a heterotopic transplant conceived spontaneously and delivered. Of the three transplants, one ceased function after 9 months and two are still functioning at up to 7 years follow-up. CONCLUSION(S) Ovarian tissue harvesting appears to be safe but the experience with ovarian transplantation is still limited due to low utilization. As a result, the true value of this procedure remains to be determined.
Collapse
|
9
|
The changing phenotype in diploid/triploid mosaicism may mimic genetic syndromes with aberrant genomic imprinting: Follow up in a 14-year-old girl. Eur J Med Genet 2008; 51:573-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2008.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2008] [Accepted: 07/13/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|