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Ježek P, Holendová B, Jabůrek M, Tauber J, Dlasková A, Plecitá-Hlavatá L. The Pancreatic β-Cell: The Perfect Redox System. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10020197. [PMID: 33572903 PMCID: PMC7912581 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10020197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic β-cell insulin secretion, which responds to various secretagogues and hormonal regulations, is reviewed here, emphasizing the fundamental redox signaling by NADPH oxidase 4- (NOX4-) mediated H2O2 production for glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). There is a logical summation that integrates both metabolic plus redox homeostasis because the ATP-sensitive K+ channel (KATP) can only be closed when both ATP and H2O2 are elevated. Otherwise ATP would block KATP, while H2O2 would activate any of the redox-sensitive nonspecific calcium channels (NSCCs), such as TRPM2. Notably, a 100%-closed KATP ensemble is insufficient to reach the -50 mV threshold plasma membrane depolarization required for the activation of voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels. Open synergic NSCCs or Cl- channels have to act simultaneously to reach this threshold. The resulting intermittent cytosolic Ca2+-increases lead to the pulsatile exocytosis of insulin granule vesicles (IGVs). The incretin (e.g., GLP-1) amplification of GSIS stems from receptor signaling leading to activating the phosphorylation of TRPM channels and effects on other channels to intensify integral Ca2+-influx (fortified by endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+). ATP plus H2O2 are also required for branched-chain ketoacids (BCKAs); and partly for fatty acids (FAs) to secrete insulin, while BCKA or FA β-oxidation provide redox signaling from mitochondria, which proceeds by H2O2 diffusion or hypothetical SH relay via peroxiredoxin "redox kiss" to target proteins.
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Villard O, Armanet M, Couderc G, Bony C, Moreaux J, Noël D, De Vos J, Klein B, Veyrune JL, Wojtusciszyn A. Characterization of immortalized human islet stromal cells reveals a MSC-like profile with pancreatic features. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:158. [PMID: 32303252 PMCID: PMC7165390 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01649-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) represent an interesting tool to improve pancreatic islet transplantation. They have immunomodulatory properties and secrete supportive proteins. However, the functional properties of MSCs vary according to many factors such as donor characteristics, tissue origin, or isolation methods. To counteract this heterogeneity, we aimed to immortalize and characterize adherent cells derived from human pancreatic islets (hISCs), using phenotypic, transcriptomic, and functional analysis. METHODS Adherent cells derived from human islets in culture were infected with a hTERT retrovirus vector and then characterized by microarray hybridization, flow cytometry analysis, and immunofluorescence assays. Osteogenic, adipogenic, and chondrogenic differentiation as well as PBMC proliferation suppression assays were used to compare the functional abilities of hISCs and MSCs. Extracellular matrix (ECM) gene expression profile analysis was performed using the SAM (Significance Analysis of Microarrays) software, and protein expression was confirmed by western blotting. RESULTS hISCs kept an unlimited proliferative potential. They exhibited several properties of MSCs such as CD73, CD90, and CD105 expression and differentiation capacity. From a functional point of view, hISCs inhibited the proliferation of activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The transcriptomic profile of hISCs highly clusterized with bone marrow (BM)-MSCs and revealed a differential enrichment of genes involved in the organization of the ECM. Indeed, the expression and secretion profiles of ECM proteins including collagens I, IV, and VI, fibronectin, and laminins, known to be expressed in abundance around and within the islets, were different between hISCs and BM-MSCs. CONCLUSION We generated a new human cell line from pancreatic islets, with MSCs properties and retaining some pancreatic specificities related to the production of ECM proteins. hISCs appear as a very promising tool in islet transplantation by their availability (as a source of inexhaustible source of cells) and ability to secrete a supportive "pancreatic" microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orianne Villard
- Laboratory of Cell Therapy for Diabetes, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapy, Univ. Montpellier, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Univ. Montpellier, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Mathieu Armanet
- Laboratory of Cell Therapy for Diabetes, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapy, Univ. Montpellier, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Cell Therapy Unit, Hospital Saint- Louis, AP-HP, Paris, France
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Lausanne University Hospital, 8 avenue de la Sallaz - 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Guilhem Couderc
- Department of Biological Haematology, Univ. Montpellier, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Department of Cell and Tissue Engineering, Univ. Montpellier, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Claire Bony
- IRMB, INSERM U 1183, Univ Montpellier, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Jerome Moreaux
- Department of Biological Haematology, Univ. Montpellier, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- IGH, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Daniele Noël
- IRMB, INSERM U 1183, Univ Montpellier, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - John De Vos
- Department of Biological Haematology, Univ. Montpellier, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Department of Cell and Tissue Engineering, Univ. Montpellier, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- IRMB, INSERM U 1183, Univ Montpellier, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Bernard Klein
- Department of Cell and Tissue Engineering, Univ. Montpellier, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Luc Veyrune
- Department of Biological Haematology, Univ. Montpellier, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Department of Cell and Tissue Engineering, Univ. Montpellier, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Anne Wojtusciszyn
- Laboratory of Cell Therapy for Diabetes, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapy, Univ. Montpellier, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Univ. Montpellier, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Lausanne University Hospital, 8 avenue de la Sallaz - 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Ježek P, Jabůrek M, Plecitá-Hlavatá L. Contribution of Oxidative Stress and Impaired Biogenesis of Pancreatic β-Cells to Type 2 Diabetes. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 31:722-751. [PMID: 30450940 PMCID: PMC6708273 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2018.7656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Type 2 diabetes development involves multiple changes in β-cells, related to the oxidative stress and impaired redox signaling, beginning frequently by sustained overfeeding due to the resulting lipotoxicity and glucotoxicity. Uncovering relationships among the dysregulated metabolism, impaired β-cell "well-being," biogenesis, or cross talk with peripheral insulin resistance is required for elucidation of type 2 diabetes etiology. Recent Advances: It has been recognized that the oxidative stress, lipotoxicity, and glucotoxicity cannot be separated from numerous other cell pathology events, such as the attempted compensation of β-cell for the increased insulin demand and dynamics of β-cell biogenesis and its "reversal" at dedifferentiation, that is, from the concomitantly decreasing islet β-cell mass (also due to transdifferentiation) and low-grade islet or systemic inflammation. Critical Issues: At prediabetes, the compensation responses of β-cells, attempting to delay the pathology progression-when exaggerated-set a new state, in which a self-checking redox signaling related to the expression of Ins gene expression is impaired. The resulting altered redox signaling, diminished insulin secretion responses to various secretagogues including glucose, may lead to excretion of cytokines or chemokines by β-cells or excretion of endosomes. They could substantiate putative stress signals to the periphery. Subsequent changes and lasting glucolipotoxicity promote islet inflammatory responses and further pathology spiral. Future Directions: Should bring an understanding of the β-cell self-checking and related redox signaling, including the putative stress signal to periphery. Strategies to cure or prevent type 2 diabetes could be based on the substitution of the "wrong" signal by the "correct" self-checking signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Ježek
- Department of Mitochondrial Physiology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Jabůrek
- Department of Mitochondrial Physiology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lydie Plecitá-Hlavatá
- Department of Mitochondrial Physiology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
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