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Kadyrov M, Whiley L, Brown B, Erickson KI, Holmes E. Associations of the Lipidome with Ageing, Cognitive Decline and Exercise Behaviours. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12090822. [PMID: 36144226 PMCID: PMC9505967 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12090822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the most recognisable features of ageing is a decline in brain health and cognitive dysfunction, which is associated with perturbations to regular lipid homeostasis. Although ageing is the largest risk factor for several neurodegenerative diseases such as dementia, a loss in cognitive function is commonly observed in adults over the age of 65. Despite the prevalence of normal age-related cognitive decline, there is a lack of effective methods to improve the health of the ageing brain. In light of this, exercise has shown promise for positively influencing neurocognitive health and associated lipid profiles. This review summarises age-related changes in several lipid classes that are found in the brain, including fatty acyls, glycerolipids, phospholipids, sphingolipids and sterols, and explores the consequences of age-associated pathological cognitive decline on these lipid classes. Evidence of the positive effects of exercise on the affected lipid profiles are also discussed to highlight the potential for exercise to be used therapeutically to mitigate age-related changes to lipid metabolism and prevent cognitive decline in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Kadyrov
- Australian National Phenome Centre, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Harry Perkins Building, 5 Robin Warren Drive, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
- Centre for Computational and Systems Medicine, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Harry Perkins Building, 5 Robin Warren Drive, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
- Discipline of Exercise Science, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
- Centre for Healthy Ageing, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
- Correspondence: (M.K.); (B.B.); (E.H.)
| | - Luke Whiley
- Australian National Phenome Centre, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Harry Perkins Building, 5 Robin Warren Drive, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
- Centre for Computational and Systems Medicine, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Harry Perkins Building, 5 Robin Warren Drive, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Belinda Brown
- Discipline of Exercise Science, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
- Centre for Healthy Ageing, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
- Correspondence: (M.K.); (B.B.); (E.H.)
| | - Kirk I. Erickson
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
- AdventHealth Research Institute, Neuroscience Institute, Orlando, FL 32804, USA
- PROFITH “PROmoting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity” Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Elaine Holmes
- Australian National Phenome Centre, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Harry Perkins Building, 5 Robin Warren Drive, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
- Centre for Computational and Systems Medicine, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Harry Perkins Building, 5 Robin Warren Drive, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
- Division of Integrative Systems and Digestive Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
- Correspondence: (M.K.); (B.B.); (E.H.)
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Jarrell ZR, Smith MR, Hu X, Orr M, Liu KH, Quyyumi AA, Jones DP, Go YM. Plasma acylcarnitine levels increase with healthy aging. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:13555-13570. [PMID: 32554854 PMCID: PMC7377890 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Acylcarnitines transport fatty acids into mitochondria and are essential for β-oxidation and energy metabolism. Decreased mitochondrial activity results in increased plasma acylcarnitines, and increased acylcarnitines activate proinflammatory signaling and associate with age-related disease. Changes in acylcarnitines associated with healthy aging, however, are not well characterized. In the present study, we examined the associations of plasma acylcarnitines with age (range: 20-90) in 163 healthy, non-diseased individuals from the predictive medicine research cohort (NCT00336570) and tested for gender-specific differences. The results show that long-chain and very long-chain acylcarnitines increased with age, while many odd-chain acylcarnitines decreased with age. Gender-specific differences were observed for several acylcarnitines, e.g., eicosadienoylcarnitine varied with age in males, and hydroxystearoylcarnitine varied in females. Metabolome-wide association study (MWAS) of age-associated acylcarnitines with all untargeted metabolic features showed little overlap between genders. These results show that plasma concentrations of acylcarnitines vary with age and gender in individuals selected for criteria of health. Whether these variations reflect mitochondrial dysfunction with aging, mitochondrial reprogramming in response to chronic environmental exposures, early pre-disease change, or an adaptive response to healthy aging, is unclear. The results highlight a potential utility for untargeted metabolomics research to elucidate gender-specific mechanisms of aging and age-related disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachery R. Jarrell
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - M. Ryan Smith
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Xin Hu
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Michael Orr
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Ken H. Liu
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Arshed A. Quyyumi
- Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Dean P. Jones
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Young-Mi Go
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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Ranea-Robles P, Yu C, van Vlies N, Vaz FM, Houten SM. Slc22a5 haploinsufficiency does not aggravate the phenotype of the long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase KO mouse. J Inherit Metab Dis 2020; 43:486-495. [PMID: 31845336 PMCID: PMC7205564 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Secondary carnitine deficiency is commonly observed in inherited metabolic diseases characterised by the accumulation of acylcarnitines such as mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation (FAO) disorders. It is currently unclear if carnitine deficiency and/or acylcarnitine accumulation play a role in the pathophysiology of FAO disorders. The long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (LCAD) KO mouse is a model for long-chain FAO disorders and is characterised by decreased levels of tissue and plasma free carnitine. Tissue levels of carnitine are controlled by SLC22A5, the plasmalemmal carnitine transporter. Here, we have further decreased carnitine availability in the LCAD KO mouse through a genetic intervention by introducing one defective Slc22a5 allele (jvs). Slc22a5 haploinsufficiency decreased free carnitine levels in liver, kidney, and heart of LCAD KO animals. The resulting decrease in the tissue long-chain acylcarnitines levels had a similar magnitude as the decrease in free carnitine. Levels of cardiac deoxycarnitine, a carnitine biosynthesis intermediate, were elevated due to Slc22a5 haploinsufficiency in LCAD KO mice. A similar increase in heart and muscle deoxycarnitine was observed in an independent experiment using Slc22a5jvs/jvs mice. Cardiac hypertrophy, fasting-induced hypoglycemia and increased liver weight, the major phenotypes of the LCAD KO mouse, were not affected by Slc22a5 haploinsufficiency. This may suggest that secondary carnitine deficiency does not play a major role in the pathophysiology of these phenotypes. Similarly, our data do not support a major role for toxicity of long-chain acylcarnitines in the phenotype of the LCAD KO mouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Ranea-Robles
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Chunli Yu
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Mount Sinai Genomics, Inc., New York, New York
| | - Naomi van Vlies
- Institute for Translational Vaccinology, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism, Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frédéric M Vaz
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism, Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sander M Houten
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
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Muilwijk M, Goorden SMI, Celis-Morales C, Hof MH, Ghauharali-van der Vlugt K, Beers-Stet FS, Gill JMR, Vaz FM, van Valkengoed IGM. Contributions of amino acid, acylcarnitine and sphingolipid profiles to type 2 diabetes risk among South-Asian Surinamese and Dutch adults. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2020; 8:8/1/e001003. [PMID: 32376636 PMCID: PMC7228466 DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2019-001003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION People of South Asian origin are at high risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D), but the underpinning mechanisms are not fully understood. We determined ethnic differences in acylcarnitine, amino acid and sphingolipid concentrations and determined the associations with T2D. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Associations between these metabolites and incident T2D among Dutch and South-Asian Surinamese were determined in participants from the Healthy Life in an Urban Setting (HELIUS) study (Amsterdam, the Netherlands) using Prentice-weighted Cox regression. The HELIUS study includes 95 incident T2D cases and a representative subcohort of 700 people from a cohort of 5977 participants with a mean follow-up of 4 years. RESULTS Concentrations of acylcarnitines were comparable between both ethnic groups. Amino acid and lactosylceramide concentrations were higher among South-Asian Surinamese than Dutch (eg, isoleucine 65.7 (SD 16.3) vs 60.7 (SD 15.6) µmol/L). Ceramide concentrations were lower among South-Asian Surinamese than Dutch (eg, Cer d18:1 8.48 (SD 2.04) vs 9.08 (SD 2.29) µmol/L). Metabolic dysregulation preceded T2D without evidence for a multiplicative interaction by ethnicity. Most amino acids and (dihydro)ceramides were associated with increased risk (eg, Cer d18:1 HR 2.38, 95% CI 1.81 to 3.12) while acylcarnitines, glycine, glutamine and lactosylceramides were associated with decreased risk for T2D (eg, LacCer d18:2 HR 0.56, 95% CI 0.42 to 0.77). CONCLUSIONS Overall, these data suggest that the disturbances underlying amino acid and sphingolipid metabolism may be predictive of T2D risk in populations of both South Asian and European background. These observations may be used as starting point to unravel the underlying metabolic disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirthe Muilwijk
- Department of Public Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Susan M I Goorden
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Carlos Celis-Morales
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Michel H Hof
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Femke S Beers-Stet
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jason M R Gill
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Frédéric M Vaz
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Irene G M van Valkengoed
- Department of Public Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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