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Ma C, Li Q, Yang Y, Ge L, Cai J, Wang J, Zhu M, Xiong Y, Zhang W, Xie J, Cao Y, Zhao H, Wei Q, Huang C, Shi J, Zhang JV, Duan E, Lei X. mTOR hypoactivity leads to trophectoderm cell failure by enhancing lysosomal activation and disrupting the cytoskeleton in preimplantation embryo. Cell Biosci 2023; 13:219. [PMID: 38037142 PMCID: PMC10688112 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-023-01176-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic homeostasis is closely related to early impairment of cell fate determination and embryo development. The protein kinase mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a key regulator of cellular metabolism in the body. Inhibition of mTOR signaling in early embryo causes postimplantation development failure, yet the mechanisms are still poorly understood. METHODS Pregnancy mice and preimplantation mouse embryo were treated with mTOR inhibitor in vivo and in vitro respectively, and subsequently examined the blastocyst formation, implantation, and post-implantation development. We used immunofluorescence staining, RNA-Seq smart2, and genome-wide bisulfite sequencing technologies to investigate the impact of mTOR inhibitors on the quality, cell fate determination, and molecular alterations in developing embryos. RESULTS We showed mTOR suppression during preimplantation decreases the rate of blastocyst formation and the competency of implantation, impairs the post implantation embryonic development. We discovered that blocking mTOR signaling negatively affected the transformation of 8-cell embryos into blastocysts and caused various deficiencies in blastocyst quality. These included problems with compromised trophectoderm cell differentiation, as well as disruptions in cell fate specification. mTOR suppression significantly affected the transcription and DNA methylation of embryos. Treatment with mTOR inhibitors increase lysosomal activation and disrupts the organization and dynamics of the actin cytoskeleton in blastocysts. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that mTOR plays a crucial role in 8-cell to blastocyst transition and safeguards embryo quality during early embryo development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiyuan Ma
- Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Qin Li
- Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yuxin Yang
- Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences and Life Sciences, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China
| | - Lei Ge
- Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Jiaxuan Cai
- Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Maoxian Zhu
- Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yue Xiong
- Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Wenya Zhang
- Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Jingtong Xie
- Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences and Life Sciences, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China
| | - Yujing Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Huashan Zhao
- Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Qing Wei
- Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Chen Huang
- Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Junchao Shi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Jian V Zhang
- Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Enkui Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Xiaohua Lei
- Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
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Bora G, Önel T, Yıldırım E, Yaba A. Circadian regulation of mTORC1 signaling via Per2 dependent mechanism disrupts folliculogenesis and oocyte maturation in female mice. J Mol Histol 2023:10.1007/s10735-023-10126-9. [PMID: 37162693 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-023-10126-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
mTOR (mammalian target of Rapamycin) is an important signaling pathway involved in several crucial ovarian functions including folliculogenesis and oocyte maturation. The circadian rhythm regulates multiple physiological processes and PER2 is one of the core circadian rhythm components. mTOR is regulated by the circadian clock and in turn, the rhythmic mTOR activities strengthen the clock function. Our current study aims to investigate a possible interconnection between the circadian clock and the mTORC1 signaling pathway in folliculogenesis and oocyte maturation. Here we demonstrate that the circadian system regulates mTORC1 signaling via Per2 dependent mechanism in the mouse ovary. To investigate the effect of constant light on ovarian and oocyte morphology, animals were housed 12:12 h L:D group in standard lightening conditions and the 12:12 h L:L group in constant light for one week. Food intake and body weight changes were measured. Ovarian morphology, follicle counting, and oocyte aging were evaluated. Afterward, western blot for mTOR, p-mTOR, p70S6K, p-p70S6K, PER2, and Caspase-3 protein levels was performed. The study demonstrated that circadian rhythm disruption caused an alteration in their food intake and decrease in primordial follicle numbers and an increase in the number of atretic follicles. It caused an increase in oxidative stress and a decrease in ZP3 expression in oocytes. Decreased protein levels of mTOR, p-mTOR, p70S6K, and PER2 were shown. The results showed that the circadian clock regulates mTORC1 through PER2 dependent mechanism and that decreased mTORC1 activity can contribute to premature aging of mouse ovary. In conclusion, these results suggest that the circadian clock may control ovarian aging by regulating mTOR signaling pathway through Per2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gizem Bora
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Yeditepe University Faculty of Medicine, 34755, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Tuğçe Önel
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Yeditepe University Faculty of Medicine, 34755, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Ecem Yıldırım
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Yeditepe University Faculty of Medicine, 34755, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Aylin Yaba
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Yeditepe University Faculty of Medicine, 34755, İstanbul, Turkey.
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3
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Untargeted Metabolomics Revealed Potential Biomarkers of Small Yellow Follicles of Chickens during Sexual Maturation. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13020176. [PMID: 36837802 PMCID: PMC9964950 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13020176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Sexual maturation provides economically important traits in poultry production. Research on the initiation mechanism of sexual maturity is of great significance for breeding high-yield laying hens. However, the underlying mechanisms are not fully clear. Here, one hundred and fifty Chahua No. 2 laying hens (the CH2 group, which has precocious puberty) and one hundred and fifty Wu Liang Shan black-bone laying hens (the WLS group, a late-maturing chicken breed) with similar weights and ages were randomly selected. ELISA was used to determine the secretion levels of luteinizing hormone (LH), estradiol (E2), and progesterone (P4) in 150-day-old serum and small yellow follicle (SYF) tissues. A histology examination, immunohistochemistry, and quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) were used to explore the molecular mechanism of how some genes related to oxidative stress affect sexual maturation. The results showed that the secretion levels of LH, E2, and P4 in the CH2 group serum and SYF were higher than those in the WLS group. The results of the real-time PCR of all genes showed that the expression levels of cytochrome P450 family 11 subfamily A member 1, steroidogenic acute regulatory protein, follicle-stimulating hormone receptor, and cytochrome P450 family 19 subfamily A member 1 in the CH2 group were significantly higher than those in the WLS groups (p < 0.001). Untargeted metabolomics combined with multivariate statistical analysis was used to identify biomarkers of SYF tissues in the CH2 and WLS groups. A trajectory analysis of the principal component analysis (PCA) results showed that the samples within the group were clustered and that the samples were dispersed between the CH2 and the WLS groups, indicating that the results of the measured data were reliable and could be used for further research. Further analysis showed that a total of 319 metabolites in small yellow follicles of the CH2 and WLS groups were identified, among which 54 downregulated differential metabolites were identified. These 54 metabolites were found as potential CH2 biomarkers compared with WLS at 150 days, and the different expressions of L-arginine, L-prolinamide, (R)-4-hydroxymandelate, glutathione, and homovanillic acid were more significant. Twenty metabolic pathways were found when significantly differential metabolites were queried in the KEGG database. According to the impact values of the metabolic pathways, eighteen differential metabolites belonged to the mTOR signaling pathway, glutathione metabolism, ABC transporters, the cell ferroptosis pathway, and D-arginine and D-ornithine metabolism. Interestingly, we identified that the cell ferroptosis pathway played an important role in chicken follicle selection for the first time. The histology and immunohistochemistry of SYF showed that the number of granulosa cells increased in the CH2 groups and the expression levels of glutathione peroxidase 4, tumor protein p53, ribosomal protein S6 kinase, and sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 in the granulosa cell layer were upregulated in the CH2 group at the time of sexual maturation. Furthermore, we also speculated that the antioxidant system may play an indispensable role in regulating sexual maturity in chickens. Overall, our findings suggest differentially expressed metabolites and metabolic pathways between CH2 and WLS chickens, providing new insights into the initiation mechanism of sexual maturation.
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HSD3B1 Expression Is Upregulated by Interleukin 4 in HT-29 Colon Cancer Cells via Multiple Signaling Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232113572. [DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
3β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/isomerase is essential for the synthesis of active steroid hormones. Interleukin 4 (IL4) induces the expression of HSD3B1 in various human cancer cell lines. Here, we demonstrated that administration of IL4 to an HT-29 colon cancer cell line induced high expression of HSD3B1 at the mRNA and protein levels. In the HT-29 cells, IL4 stimulated the activity of signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6) and promoted its binding to the STAT6-binding site in the HSD3B1 promoter. The STAT6 inhibitor significantly suppressed HSD3B1 induction by IL4 in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, inhibition of the PI3-kinase/AKT pathway strongly suppressed the IL4-induced HSD3B1 expression. Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3), a downstream target of AKT, had a stimulatory effect on the IL4-induced HSD3B1 expression. However, IL4 stimulated the phosphorylation of AKT, which inhibited the GSK3 activity at the early stage. Hence, GSK3 potentiated the HSD3B1 levels at the late stage of the IL4 stimulation. Additionally, inhibitors of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), ERK1/2 and p38, but not of JNK, partly reduced the HSD3B1 expression following the IL4 stimulation. We further demonstrated that IL4 potently promoted steroid synthesis. Our results indicate that IL4 induces HSD3B1 expression via multiple signaling pathways in HT-29 cells and may play a role in the regulation of steroid synthesis.
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Wan S, Sun Y, Fu J, Song H, Xiao Z, Yang Q, Wang S, Yu G, Feng P, Lv W, Luo L, Guan Z, Liu F, Zhou Q, Yin Z, Yang M. mTORC1 signaling pathway integrates estrogen and growth factor to coordinate vaginal epithelial cells proliferation and differentiation. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:862. [PMID: 36220823 PMCID: PMC9553898 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05293-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The mouse vaginal epithelium cyclically exhibits cell proliferation and differentiation in response to estrogen. Estrogen acts as an activator of mTOR signaling but its role in vaginal epithelial homeostasis is unknown. We analyzed reproductive tract-specific Rptor or Rictor conditional knockout mice to reveal the role of mTOR signaling in estrogen-dependent vaginal epithelial cell proliferation and differentiation. Loss of Rptor but not Rictor in the vagina resulted in an aberrant proliferation of epithelial cells and failure of keratinized differentiation. As gene expression analysis indicated, several estrogen-mediated genes, including Pgr and Ereg (EGF-like growth factor) were not induced by estrogen in Rptor cKO mouse vagina. Moreover, supplementation of EREG could activate the proliferation and survival of vaginal epithelial cells through YAP1 in the absence of Rptor. Thus, mTORC1 signaling integrates estrogen and growth factor signaling to mediate vaginal epithelial cell proliferation and differentiation, providing new insights into vaginal atrophy treatment for post-menopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Wan
- grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632 China ,grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine Zhuhai People’s Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai, 519000 Guangdong China ,grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 Guangdong China
| | - Yadong Sun
- grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine Zhuhai People’s Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai, 519000 Guangdong China ,grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 Guangdong China
| | - Jiamin Fu
- grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine Zhuhai People’s Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai, 519000 Guangdong China ,grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 Guangdong China
| | - Hongrui Song
- grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine Zhuhai People’s Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai, 519000 Guangdong China ,grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 Guangdong China
| | - Zhiqiang Xiao
- grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine Zhuhai People’s Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai, 519000 Guangdong China ,grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 Guangdong China
| | - Quanli Yang
- grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine Zhuhai People’s Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai, 519000 Guangdong China ,grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 Guangdong China
| | - Sanfeng Wang
- grid.459579.30000 0004 0625 057XGuangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510010 China
| | - Gongwang Yu
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XDepartment of Medical Genetics, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| | - Peiran Feng
- grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine Zhuhai People’s Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai, 519000 Guangdong China ,grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 Guangdong China
| | - Wenkai Lv
- grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine Zhuhai People’s Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai, 519000 Guangdong China ,grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 Guangdong China
| | - Liang Luo
- grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine Zhuhai People’s Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai, 519000 Guangdong China ,grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 Guangdong China
| | - Zerong Guan
- grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine Zhuhai People’s Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai, 519000 Guangdong China ,grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 Guangdong China
| | - Feng Liu
- grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine Zhuhai People’s Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai, 519000 Guangdong China ,grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 Guangdong China
| | - Qinghua Zhou
- grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632 China ,grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine Zhuhai People’s Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai, 519000 Guangdong China ,grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 Guangdong China
| | - Zhinan Yin
- grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine Zhuhai People’s Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai, 519000 Guangdong China ,grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 Guangdong China
| | - Meixiang Yang
- grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632 China ,grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine Zhuhai People’s Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai, 519000 Guangdong China ,grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 Guangdong China
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Zhang J, Yang X, Chen M, Yan X, Gao L, Xu Y, Lu J, Li Z, Lu C, Deng Y, Li H, Shi D, Lu F. Hypoxia promotes steroidogenic competence of buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) theca cells. Theriogenology 2021; 180:113-120. [PMID: 34971972 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2021.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Theca cells (TCs) play an important role in follicular development and atresia. TCs synthesize androgens that act as substrate for granulosa cells aromatization to estrogens needed for follicular growth. However, the effects of hypoxia on steroidogenesis in buffalo TCs remain unclear. In the present study, the impacts of hypoxic conditions (5% oxygen) on androgen synthesis in buffalo TCs were examined. The results showed that hypoxia improved both the expression levels of androgen synthesis-related genes (CYP11A1, CYP17A1, and 3β-HSD) and the secretion levels of testosterone in buffalo TCs. Hypoxic conditions promoted the sensitivity of buffalo TCs to LH. Furthermore, inhibition of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway reduced both the expression levels of androgen synthesis-related genes (CYP11A1, CYP17A1, and 3β-HSD) and the secretion levels of testosterone in hypoxia-cultured buffalo TCs. Besides, inhibition of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway lowered the sensitivity of buffalo TCs to LH under hypoxic conditions. This study indicated that hypoxia enhanced the steroidogenic competence of buffalo TCs main through activating PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and subsequently facilitating the responsiveness of TCs to LH. This study provides a basis for further exploration of ovarian endocrine mechanism for steroidogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
| | - Xiaofen Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
| | - Mengjia Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
| | - Xi Yan
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
| | - Lv Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
| | - Ye Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
| | - Jiaka Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
| | - Zhengda Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
| | - Canqiang Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
| | - Yanfei Deng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
| | - Hui Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
| | - Deshun Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
| | - Fenghua Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China.
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7
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Bernabò N, Di Berardino C, Capacchietti G, Peserico A, Buoncuore G, Tosi U, Crociati M, Monaci M, Barboni B. In Vitro Folliculogenesis in Mammalian Models: A Computational Biology Study. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:737912. [PMID: 34859047 PMCID: PMC8630647 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.737912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In vitro folliculogenesis (ivF) has been proposed as an emerging technology to support follicle growth and oocyte development. It holds a great deal of attraction from preserving human fertility to improving animal reproductive biotechnology. Despite the mice model, where live offspring have been achieved,in medium-sized mammals, ivF has not been validated yet. Thus, the employment of a network theory approach has been proposed for interpreting the large amount of ivF information collected to date in different mammalian models in order to identify the controllers of the in vitro system. The WoS-derived data generated a scale-free network, easily navigable including 641 nodes and 2089 links. A limited number of controllers (7.2%) are responsible for network robustness by preserving it against random damage. The network nodes were stratified in a coherent biological manner on three layers: the input was composed of systemic hormones and somatic-oocyte paracrine factors; the intermediate one recognized mainly key signaling molecules such as PI3K, KL, JAK-STAT, SMAD4, and cAMP; and the output layer molecules were related to functional ivF endpoints such as the FSH receptor and steroidogenesis. Notably, the phenotypes of knock-out mice previously developed for hub.BN indirectly corroborate their biological relevance in early folliculogenesis. Finally, taking advantage of the STRING analysis approach, further controllers belonging to the metabolic axis backbone were identified, such as mTOR/FOXO, FOXO3/SIRT1, and VEGF, which have been poorly considered in ivF to date. Overall, this in silico study identifies new metabolic sensor molecules controlling ivF serving as a basis for designing innovative diagnostic and treatment methods to preserve female fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Bernabò
- Unit of Basic and Applied Biosciences, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
- National Research Council, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Alessia Peserico
- Unit of Basic and Applied Biosciences, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Giorgia Buoncuore
- Unit of Basic and Applied Biosciences, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Umberto Tosi
- Unit of Basic and Applied Biosciences, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Martina Crociati
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
- Centre for Perinatal and Reproductive Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Maurizio Monaci
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
- Centre for Perinatal and Reproductive Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Barbara Barboni
- Unit of Basic and Applied Biosciences, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
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8
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Guo Z, Chen X, Feng P, Yu Q. Short-term rapamycin administration elevated testosterone levels and exacerbated reproductive disorder in dehydroepiandrosterone-induced polycystic ovary syndrome mice. J Ovarian Res 2021; 14:64. [PMID: 33947426 PMCID: PMC8097915 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-021-00813-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a multifactorial endocrinopathy that affects reproduction and metabolism. Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) has been shown to participate in female reproduction under physiological and pathological conditions. This study aimed to investigate the role of mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling in dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)-induced PCOS mice. Results Female C57BL/6J mice were randomly assigned into three groups: control group, DHEA group, and DHEA + rapamycin group. All DHEA-treated mice were administered 6 mg/100 g DHEA for 21 consecutive days, and the DHEA + rapamycin group was intraperitoneally injected with 4 mg/kg rapamycin every other day for the last 14 days of the DHEA treatment. There was no obvious change in the expression of mTORC1 signaling in the ovaries of the control and DHEA groups. Rapamycin did not protect against DHEA-induced acyclicity and PCO morphology, but impeded follicle development and elevated serum testosterone levels in DHEA-induced mice, which was related with suppressed Hsd3b1, Cyp17a1, and Cyp19a1 expression. Moreover, rapamycin also exacerbated insulin resistance but relieved lipid metabolic disturbance in the short term. Conclusions Rapamycin exacerbated reproductive imbalance in DHEA-induced PCOS mice, which characterized by elevated testosterone levels and suppressed steroid synthesis. This underscores the need for new mTORC1-specific and tissue-specific mTOR-related drugs for reproductive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaixin Guo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohan Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Penghui Feng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Yu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
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9
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Estienne A, Bongrani A, Ramé C, Kurowska P, Błaszczyk K, Rak A, Ducluzeau PH, Froment P, Dupont J. Energy sensors and reproductive hypothalamo-pituitary ovarian axis (HPO) in female mammals: Role of mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin), AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase) and SIRT1 (Sirtuin 1). Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 521:111113. [PMID: 33301839 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.111113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In female, energy metabolism influences reproductive function by modulating the Hypothalamic Pituitary Ovarian axis including the hypothalamic GnRH neuronal network, the pituitary gonadotropin secretion and the ovarian follicle growth and steroidogenesis. Several hormones and neuropeptides or metabolites are important signals between energy balance and reproduction. These energy sensors mediate their action on reproductive cells through specific kinases or signaling pathways. This review focuses on the role of three main enzymes-specifically, mTOR, AMPK, and SIRT1 at the hypothalamic pituitary and ovarian axis in normal female fertility and then we discuss their possible involvement in some women reproductive disorders known to be associated with metabolic complications, such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and premature ovarian failure (POF).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Estienne
- INRAE UMR85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380, Nouzilly, France; CNRS UMR7247 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380, Nouzilly, France; Université François Rabelais de Tours, F-37041, Tours, France; IFCE, F-37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Alice Bongrani
- INRAE UMR85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380, Nouzilly, France; CNRS UMR7247 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380, Nouzilly, France; Université François Rabelais de Tours, F-37041, Tours, France; IFCE, F-37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Christelle Ramé
- INRAE UMR85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380, Nouzilly, France; CNRS UMR7247 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380, Nouzilly, France; Université François Rabelais de Tours, F-37041, Tours, France; IFCE, F-37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Patrycja Kurowska
- Department of Physiology and Toxicology of Reproduction, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Klaudia Błaszczyk
- Department of Physiology and Toxicology of Reproduction, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Rak
- Department of Physiology and Toxicology of Reproduction, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Pierre-Henri Ducluzeau
- INRAE UMR85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380, Nouzilly, France; CNRS UMR7247 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380, Nouzilly, France; Université François Rabelais de Tours, F-37041, Tours, France; IFCE, F-37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Pascal Froment
- INRAE UMR85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380, Nouzilly, France; CNRS UMR7247 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380, Nouzilly, France; Université François Rabelais de Tours, F-37041, Tours, France; IFCE, F-37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Joëlle Dupont
- INRAE UMR85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380, Nouzilly, France; CNRS UMR7247 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380, Nouzilly, France; Université François Rabelais de Tours, F-37041, Tours, France; IFCE, F-37380, Nouzilly, France.
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10
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Kechiche S, Venditti M, Knani L, Jabłońska K, Dzięgiel P, Messaoudi I, Reiter RJ, Minucci S. First evidence of the protective role of melatonin in counteracting cadmium toxicity in the rat ovary via the mTOR pathway. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 270:116056. [PMID: 33199064 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.116056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Herein, the first evidence of the ability of melatonin (MLT) to counteract cadmium (Cd) toxic effects on the rat ovary is reported. Cd treatment, enhancing oxidative stress, provoked clear morphological, histological and biomolecular alterations, i.e. in the estrous cycle duration, in the ovarian and serum E2 concentration other than in the steroidogenic and folliculogenic genes expression. Results demonstrated that the use of MLT, in combination with Cd, avoided the changes, strongly suggesting that it is an efficient antioxidant for preventing oxidative stress in the rat ovary. Moreover, to explore the underlying mechanism involved, at molecular level, in the effects of Cd-MLT interaction, the study focused on the mTOR and ERK1/2 pathways. Interestingly, data showed that Cd influenced the phosphorylation status of mTOR, of its downstream effectors and of ERK1/2, inducing autophagy and apoptosis, while cotreatment with MLT nullified these changes. This work highlights the beneficial role exerted by MLT in preventing Cd-induced toxicity in the rat ovary, encouraging further studies to confirm its action on human ovarian health with the aim to use this indolamine to ameliorate oocyte quality in women with fertility disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safa Kechiche
- Laboratoire LR11ES41 Génétique Biodiversité et Valorisation des Bio-ressources, Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Monastir, Université de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Massimo Venditti
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Sez. Fisiologia Umana e Funzioni Biologiche Integrate "F. Bottazzi", Università Della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Napoli, Italy
| | - Latifa Knani
- Laboratoire LR11ES41 Génétique Biodiversité et Valorisation des Bio-ressources, Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Monastir, Université de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Karolina Jabłońska
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Dzięgiel
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Imed Messaoudi
- Laboratoire LR11ES41 Génétique Biodiversité et Valorisation des Bio-ressources, Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Monastir, Université de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, UT Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Sergio Minucci
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Sez. Fisiologia Umana e Funzioni Biologiche Integrate "F. Bottazzi", Università Della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Napoli, Italy.
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11
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Baena V, Owen CM, Uliasz TF, Lowther KM, Yee SP, Terasaki M, Egbert JR, Jaffe LA. Cellular Heterogeneity of the Luteinizing Hormone Receptor and Its Significance for Cyclic GMP Signaling in Mouse Preovulatory Follicles. Endocrinology 2020; 161:5834711. [PMID: 32384146 PMCID: PMC7574965 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqaa074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Meiotic arrest and resumption in mammalian oocytes are regulated by 2 opposing signaling proteins in the cells of the surrounding follicle: the guanylyl cyclase natriuretic peptide receptor 2 (NPR2), and the luteinizing hormone receptor (LHR). NPR2 maintains a meiosis-inhibitory level of cyclic guanosine 5'-monophosphate (cGMP) until LHR signaling causes dephosphorylation of NPR2, reducing NPR2 activity, lowering cGMP to a level that releases meiotic arrest. However, the signaling pathway between LHR activation and NPR2 dephosphorylation remains incompletely understood, due in part to imprecise information about the cellular localization of these 2 proteins. To investigate their localization, we generated mouse lines in which hemagglutinin epitope tags were added to the endogenous LHR and NPR2 proteins, and used immunofluorescence and immunogold microscopy to localize these proteins with high resolution. The results showed that the LHR protein is absent from the cumulus cells and inner mural granulosa cells, and is present in only 13% to 48% of the outer mural granulosa cells. In contrast, NPR2 is present throughout the follicle, and is more concentrated in the cumulus cells. Less than 20% of the NPR2 is in the same cells that express the LHR. These results suggest that to account for the LH-induced inactivation of NPR2, LHR-expressing cells send a signal that inactivates NPR2 in neighboring cells that do not express the LHR. An inhibitor of gap junction permeability attenuates the LH-induced cGMP decrease in the outer mural granulosa cells, consistent with this mechanism contributing to how NPR2 is inactivated in cells that do not express the LHR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Baena
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Corie M Owen
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Tracy F Uliasz
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Katie M Lowther
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Siu-Pok Yee
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Mark Terasaki
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Jeremy R Egbert
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Laurinda A Jaffe
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut
- Correspondence: Laurinda A. Jaffe, Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030 USA. E-mail:
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12
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Li J, Zhang Y, Zheng N, Li B, Yang J, Zhang C, Xia G, Zhang M. CREB activity is required for mTORC1 signaling-induced primordial follicle activation in mice. Histochem Cell Biol 2020; 154:287-299. [PMID: 32495040 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-020-01888-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In mammals, progressive activation of primordial follicles is essential for maintenance of the reproductive lifespan. Several reports have demonstrated that mitogen-activated protein kinases 3 and 1 (MAPK3/1)-mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling in pre-granulosa cells promotes primordial follicle activation by increasing KIT ligand (KITL) expression and then stimulating phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase signaling in oocytes. However, the mechanism of mTORC1 signaling in the promotion of KITL expression is unclear. Immunofluorescence staining results showed that phosphorylated cyclic AMP response element-binding protein (CREB) was mainly expressed in pre-granulosa cells. The CREB inhibitor KG-501 and CREB knockdown by Creb siRNA significantly suppressed primordial follicle activation, reduced pre-granulosa cell proliferation and dramatically increased oocyte apoptosis. Western blotting results demonstrated that both the MAPK3/1 inhibitor U0126 and mTORC1 inhibitor rapamycin significantly decreased the levels of phosphorylated CREB, indicating that MAPK3/1-mTORC1 signaling is required for CREB activation. Furthermore, CREB could bind to the Kitl promoter region, and KG-501 significantly decreased the expression levels of KITL. In addition, KG-501 and CREB knockdown significantly decreased the levels of phosphorylated Akt, leading to a reduced number of oocytes with Foxo3a nuclear export. KG-501 also inhibited bpV (HOpic)-stimulated primordial follicle activation. Taken together, the results show that CREB is required for MAPK3/1-mTORC1 signaling-promoted KITL expression followed by the activation of primordial follicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Li
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P.R. China
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P.R. China
| | - Nana Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P.R. China
| | - Biao Li
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P.R. China
| | - Jing Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P.R. China
| | - Chunyu Zhang
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P.R. China
| | - Guoliang Xia
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P.R. China
| | - Meijia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P.R. China.
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P.R. China.
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13
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Li Y, Chen C, Ma Y, Xiao J, Luo G, Li Y, Wu D. Multi-system reproductive metabolic disorder: significance for the pathogenesis and therapy of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Life Sci 2019; 228:167-175. [PMID: 31029778 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.04.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), a multisystem disease, is a major reason for female infertility around the world. It is no longer considered simply as a disease of ovary. Now researchers growing awareness of the multisystem features of this disease. PCOS has a higher relationship with metabolic disturbance and hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis (HPOA) function disorders. This syndrome results in hyperandrogenemia (HA), hyperinsulinemia/insulin resistance (IR), increased estrone, luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) ratio imbalance, infertility, cardiovascular diseases, endometrial dysfunction, obesity, and including a litany of other health issues. Furthermore, PCOS has been garnered in recent times. Interventions like metformin, orlistat, hormonal contraceptives, GLP1 agonists, and VitD have been applied to ameliorate or reverse the pathological characterization of PCOS. Moreover, drug-combined therapy of PCOS is superior to single drug administration. This review will focus on the recent progress in pathogenesis and therapy of PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, PR China; Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of Citic-Xiangya, Changsha, Hunan 410078, PR China
| | - Changye Chen
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang 421001, PR China
| | - Yan Ma
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang 421001, PR China
| | - Jiao Xiao
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang 421002, PR China
| | - Guifang Luo
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang 421001, PR China
| | - Yukun Li
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Cellular and Molecular Pathology, College of Hunan Province, Cancer Research Institute, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China; Clinical Anatomy & Reproductive Medicine Application Institute, Department of Histology and Embryology, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China.
| | - Daichao Wu
- Clinical Anatomy & Reproductive Medicine Application Institute, Department of Histology and Embryology, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China; University of Maryland Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.
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14
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Wang X, Meng K, He Y, Wang H, Zhang Y, Quan F. Melatonin Stimulates STAR Expression and Progesterone Production via Activation of the PI3K/AKT Pathway in Bovine Theca Cells. Int J Biol Sci 2019; 15:404-415. [PMID: 30745830 PMCID: PMC6367557 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.27912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Melatonin is present in mammalian follicular fluid and plays an important role in regulating steroidogenesis in follicular cells. In this study, we report the effect of melatonin on steroidogenesis in the theca interna (TI) in small bovine follicles and theca cells (TCs) cultured in vitro. Treatment with melatonin significantly increased the expression of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (STAR) and the production of progesterone in both TI and in TCs. Melatonin stimulated the phosphorylation of AKT but not ERK1/2, and the addition of luzindole (a nonspecific MT1 and MT2 inhibitor) or 4P-PDOT (specific MT2 inhibitor) reduced melatonin-induced STAR expression, progesterone secretion, and PI3K/AKT pathway activation. The effect of melatonin on the TI in follicles was more obvious than on the TCs in vitro. Results indicate that melatonin stimulates the steroidogenesis of TCs mainly via the activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway by MT1 and MT2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Bio-Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kai Meng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Bio-Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuanyuan He
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Bio-Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hengqin Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Bio-Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Bio-Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fusheng Quan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Bio-Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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15
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Abstract
Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a conserved serine/threonine kinase of the phosphatidylinositol kinase-related kinase family that regulates cell growth, metabolism, and autophagy. Extensive research has linked mTOR to several human diseases including cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, and aging. In this review, recent publications regarding the mechanisms underlying the role of mTOR in female reproduction under physiological and pathological conditions are summarized. Moreover, we assess whether strategies to improve or suppress mTOR expression could have therapeutic potential for reproductive diseases like premature ovarian failure, polycystic ovarian syndrome, and endometriosis.
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16
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Zhang C, Liu XR, Cao YC, Tian JL, Zhen D, Luo XF, Wang XM, Tian JH, Gao JM. Mammalian target of rapamycin/eukaryotic initiation factor 4F pathway regulates follicle growth and development of theca cells in mice. Reprod Fertil Dev 2018; 29:768-777. [PMID: 26748416 DOI: 10.1071/rd15230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to clarify the roles of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signalling pathway in follicular growth and development of thecal cells. Using in vivo-grown and in vitro-cultured ovaries, histological changes were evaluated using haematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from 0 day post partum (d.p.p.) to 8 d.p.p. ovaries were screened by microarray and verified by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Forty-two DEGs related to cell proliferation and differentiation were screened out, with most DEGs being related to the to mTOR signalling pathway. Then, 3 d.p.p. ovaries were retrieved and used to verify the role of mTOR signalling in follicle and thecal cell development using its activators (Ras homologue enriched in brain (Rheb) and GTP) and inhibitor (rapamycin). The development of follicles and thecal cells was significantly impaired in ovaries cultured in vitro Day 3 to Day 8. In in vitro-cultured ovaries, Rheb and GTP (is 100ngmL-1 Rheb and 500ngmL-1 GTP for 48h) significantly increased follicle diameter, the percentage of primary and secondary follicles and the umber of thecal cells, and upregulated expression of mTOR, phosphorylated eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 (4EBP1), eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF) 4F and cytochrome P450, family 17, subfamily A, polypeptide 1 (CYP17A1). Rapamycin (10nM rapamycin for 24h) had opposite effects to those of Rheb and GTP, and partly abrogated (significant) the effects of Rheb and GTP when added to the culture in combination with these drugs. Thus, mTOR signalling plays an important role in follicle growth and thecal cell development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhang
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Xiao-Ran Liu
- Galactophore Breast Clinic, Peking University School of Oncology, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Yong-Chun Cao
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Jin-Ling Tian
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Di Zhen
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Xiao-Fei Luo
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Xin-Mei Wang
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Jian-Hui Tian
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jian-Ming Gao
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
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17
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Ryan GE, Malik S, Mellon PL. Antiandrogen Treatment Ameliorates Reproductive and Metabolic Phenotypes in the Letrozole-Induced Mouse Model of PCOS. Endocrinology 2018; 159:1734-1747. [PMID: 29471436 PMCID: PMC6097580 DOI: 10.1210/en.2017-03218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), the most common endocrinopathy in women of reproductive age, is characterized by hyperandrogenism, anovulation, and polycystic ovaries. Although its etiology is unknown, excess androgens are thought to be a critical factor driving the pathology of PCOS. We previously demonstrated that continuous exposure to the aromatase inhibitor letrozole (LET) in mice produces many hallmarks of PCOS, including elevated testosterone (T) and luteinizing hormone, anovulation, and obesity. In the current study, we sought to determine whether androgen receptor (AR) actions are responsible for any of the phenotypes observed in LET mice. C57BL/6 female mice were subcutaneously implanted with LET or placebo control and subsequently treated with the nonsteroidal AR antagonist flutamide or vehicle control. Flutamide treatment in LET females reversed elevated T levels and restored ovarian expression of Cyp17a1 (critical for androgen synthesis) to normal levels. Pituitary expression of Lhb was decreased in LET females that received flutamide treatment, with no changes in expression of Fshb or Gnrhr. Flutamide treatment also restored estrous cycling and reduced the number of ovarian cyst-like follicles in LET females. Furthermore, body weight and adipocyte size were decreased in flutamide-treated LET females. Altogether, our findings provide strong evidence that AR signaling is responsible for many key reproductive and metabolic PCOS phenotypes and further establish the LET mouse model as an important tool for the study of androgen excess.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genevieve E Ryan
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Reproductive Science and Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Shaddy Malik
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Reproductive Science and Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Pamela L Mellon
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Reproductive Science and Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Correspondence: Pamela L. Mellon, PhD, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093. E-mail:
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18
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Palaniappan M, Edwards D, Creighton CJ, Medina D, Conneely OM. Reprogramming of the estrogen responsive transcriptome contributes to tamoxifen-dependent protection against tumorigenesis in the p53 null mammary epithelial cells. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0194913. [PMID: 29590203 PMCID: PMC5874056 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor suppressor gene p53 is frequently mutated in human breast cancer and is a marker for poor prognosis and resistance to chemotherapy. Transplantation of p53 null mouse mammary epithelium into syngeneic wild-type mice leads to normal mammary gland development followed by spontaneous mammary tumors that recapitulate many of the phenotypic, molecular and genetic features of human breast cancer. Transient exposure of p53 null mice to the anti-estrogen, tamoxifen leads to sustained and robust protection against tumor development. However the mechanism underlying this anti-tumor activity remains poorly understood. Here we demonstrate that transient exposure to tamoxifen leads to a reduction in mammary ductal side-branching and epithelial cell proliferation after tamoxifen withdrawal. Global gene expression analysis showed that transient tamoxifen exposure leads to persistent changes in the expression of a subset of estrogen regulated gene signatures in mammary epithelial cells (MECs). Among these was the protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor type 5 (Ptpn5). We show that Ptpn5 is a novel tamoxifen regulated target gene which is upregulated in MECs after transient tamoxifen exposure and displays tumor suppressor activity in human breast cancer cells. Further, PTPN5 expression is strongly associated with good clinical outcome in tamoxifen treated human breast cancer patients suggesting that PTPN5 may represent a novel biomarker of tamoxifen response in human breast cancer.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal/pharmacology
- Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Breast Neoplasms/genetics
- Breast Neoplasms/prevention & control
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/metabolism
- Cells, Cultured
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Genes, Tumor Suppressor
- Humans
- Mammary Glands, Animal/drug effects
- Mammary Glands, Animal/metabolism
- Mammary Glands, Animal/pathology
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/drug therapy
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/genetics
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/prevention & control
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Nude
- Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases, Non-Receptor/metabolism
- Receptors, Estrogen/metabolism
- Tamoxifen/pharmacology
- Transcriptome/drug effects
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/genetics
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/metabolism
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Murugesan Palaniappan
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - David Edwards
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Chad J. Creighton
- Division of Biostatistics, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Daniel Medina
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Orla M. Conneely
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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19
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Effect of luteinizing hormone on goat theca cell apoptosis and steroidogenesis through activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway. Anim Reprod Sci 2018; 190:108-118. [PMID: 29422438 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2018.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2017] [Revised: 01/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Luteinizing hormone (LH) is a glycoprotein that regulates the function of ovarian follicular cells. Theca cells (TCs) also have a key role in follicular growth and atresia. The effects and intracellular signaling mechanisms were investigated of LH on apoptosis and steroidogenesis in goat gonadotropin-independent follicular (1.0-4.0 mm) TCs. The results indicated that LH increased androstenedione secretion and relative abundance of CYP17A1 and BCL2 mRNA in the TCs, whereas LH in combination with LY294002, a PI3K/AKT inhibitor, decreased LH-induced function. The apoptosis ratio and expression of the BAX gene in TCs were less with LH treatment, and the extent of this inhibition was decreased by suppressing the PI3K/AKT pathway. In conclusion, results of the present study indicate LH regulates apoptosis and steroidogenesis in goat TCs by activating the PI3K/AKT pathway.
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20
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Wang Y, Hao X, Yang J, Li J, Zhang M. CREB activity is required for luteinizing hormone-induced the expression of EGF-like factors. Mol Reprod Dev 2016; 83:1116-1127. [DOI: 10.1002/mrd.22753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yakun Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology; College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University; Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqiong Hao
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology; College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University; Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology; College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University; Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Li
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology; College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University; Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Meijia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology; College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University; Beijing People's Republic of China
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21
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Moravek MB, Shang M, Menon B, Menon KMJ. HCG-mediated activation of mTORC1 signaling plays a crucial role in steroidogenesis in human granulosa lutein cells. Endocrine 2016; 54:217-224. [PMID: 27503318 PMCID: PMC5071160 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-016-1065-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Luteinizing hormone/human chorionic gonadotropin stimulates progesterone biosynthesis in the corpus luteum by activating cyclic adenosine monophosphate/protein kinase A cascade. Recent studies have shown that cyclic adenosine monophosphate-mediated activation of protein kinase A interacts with the mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathways. Furthermore, the use of mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors for immunosuppression in transplant patients has shown adverse effects in reproductive functions. This study examined whether the mammalian target of rapamycin pathway plays any role in luteinizing hormone-mediated regulation of progesterone production. Human granulosa lutein cells were isolated from follicular aspirates of women undergoing in vitro fertilization. Cells were cultured for 72 h and treated with human chorionic gonadotropin (50 ng/ml) for different time periods with or without pretreatment with mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 inhibitor, rapamycin, (20 nM) for 1 h. Expression of steroidogenic enzymes, including steroidogenic acute regulatory protein, cholesterol side chain cleavage enzyme, and 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 messenger RNA, were examined by real-time polymerase chain reaction after 6 h of human chorionic gonadotropin treatment. Expressions of phospho-ribosomal protein S6 kinase and cholesterol side chain cleavage enzyme were analyzed after 15 min and 24 h of human chorionic gonadotropin treatment, respectively. Progesterone production was analyzed by an enzyme immunoassay kit after human chorionic gonadotropin (50 ng/ml) or forskolin (10 μM) treatment for 24 h. Treatment with human chorionic gonadotropin increased the expression of downstream targets of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1, as well as cholesterol side chain cleavage enzyme, 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 and steroidogenic acute regulatory protein messenger RNAs. These increases were inhibited by rapamycin pretreatment. Increased progesterone production in response to treatment with human chorionic gonadotropin or forskolin was also blocked by rapamycin pretreatment. Our findings support a role for mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 in regulating steroidogenesis in human granulosa lutein cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - KMJ Menon
- Corresponding author and person to whom reprint requests should be addressed: K.M.J. Menon, PhD, 6428 Medical Science Building I, 1150 W. Medical Center Drive, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, Phone: 734-764-8142, Fax: 734-936-8617,
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22
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Blair JA, Bhatta S, McGee H, Casadesus G. Luteinizing hormone: Evidence for direct action in the CNS. Horm Behav 2015; 76:57-62. [PMID: 26172857 PMCID: PMC4741372 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2015.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Revised: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
This article is part of a Special Issue "SBN 2014". Hormonal dysfunction due to aging, especially during menopause, plays a substantial role in cognitive decline as well as the progression and development of neurodegenerative diseases. The hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis has long been implicated in changes in behavior and neuronal morphology. Most notably, estrogens have proven beneficial in the healthy brain through a host of different mechanisms. Recently, luteinizing hormone (LH) has emerged as a candidate for further investigation for its role in the CNS. The basis of this is that both LH and the LH receptor are expressed in the brain, and serum levels of LH correlate with cognitive deficits and Alzheimer's disease (AD) incidence. The study of LH in cognition and AD primarily focuses on evaluating the effects of downregulation of this peptide. This literature has shown that decreasing peripheral LH, through a variety of pharmacological interventions, reduces cognitive deficits in ovariectomy and AD models. However, few studies have researched the direct actions of LH on neurons and glial cells. Here we summarize the role of luteinizing hormone in modulating cognition, and we propose a mechanism that underlies a role for brain LH in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey A Blair
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
| | - Sabina Bhatta
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
| | - Henry McGee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
| | - Gemma Casadesus
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA.
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23
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Abstract
Acne vulgaris, an epidemic inflammatory skin disease of adolescence, is closely related to Western diet. Three major food classes that promote acne are: 1) hyperglycemic carbohydrates, 2) milk and dairy products, 3) saturated fats including trans-fats and deficient ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Diet-induced insulin/insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1)-signaling is superimposed on elevated IGF-1 levels during puberty, thereby unmasking the impact of aberrant nutrigenomics on sebaceous gland homeostasis. Western diet provides abundant branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), glutamine, and palmitic acid. Insulin and IGF-1 suppress the activity of the metabolic transcription factor forkhead box O1 (FoxO1). Insulin, IGF-1, BCAAs, glutamine, and palmitate activate the nutrient-sensitive kinase mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), the key regulator of anabolism and lipogenesis. FoxO1 is a negative coregulator of androgen receptor, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ), liver X receptor-α, and sterol response element binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c), crucial transcription factors of sebaceous lipogenesis. mTORC1 stimulates the expression of PPARγ and SREBP-1c, promoting sebum production. SREBP-1c upregulates stearoyl-CoA- and Δ6-desaturase, enhancing the proportion of monounsaturated fatty acids in sebum triglycerides. Diet-mediated aberrations in sebum quantity (hyperseborrhea) and composition (dysseborrhea) promote Propionibacterium acnes overgrowth and biofilm formation with overexpression of the virulence factor triglyceride lipase increasing follicular levels of free palmitate and oleate. Free palmitate functions as a "danger signal," stimulating toll-like receptor-2-mediated inflammasome activation with interleukin-1β release, Th17 differentiation, and interleukin-17-mediated keratinocyte proliferation. Oleate stimulates P. acnes adhesion, keratinocyte proliferation, and comedogenesis via interleukin-1α release. Thus, diet-induced metabolomic alterations promote the visible sebofollicular inflammasomopathy acne vulgaris. Nutrition therapy of acne has to increase FoxO1 and to attenuate mTORC1/SREBP-1c signaling. Patients should balance total calorie uptake and restrict refined carbohydrates, milk, dairy protein supplements, saturated fats, and trans-fats. A paleolithic-like diet enriched in vegetables and fish is recommended. Plant-derived mTORC1 inhibitors and ω-3-PUFAs are promising dietary supplements supporting nutrition therapy of acne vulgaris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bodo C Melnik
- Department of Dermatology, Environmental Medicine and Health Theory, University of Osnabrück, Germany
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Blair JA, McGee H, Bhatta S, Palm R, Casadesus G. Hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis involvement in learning and memory and Alzheimer's disease: more than "just" estrogen. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2015; 6:45. [PMID: 25859241 PMCID: PMC4373369 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2015.00045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating studies affirm the effects of age-related endocrine dysfunction on cognitive decline and increasing risk of neurodegenerative diseases. It is well known that estrogens can be protective for cognitive function, and more recently androgens and luteinizing hormone have also been shown to modulate learning and memory. Understanding the mechanisms underlying hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis-associated cognitive dysfunction is crucial for therapeutic advancement. Here, we emphasize that reproductive hormones are influential in maintaining neuronal health and enhancing signaling cascades that lead to cognitive impairment. We summarize and critically evaluate age-related changes in the endocrine system, their implications in the development of Alzheimer's disease, and the therapeutic potential of endocrine modulation in the prevention of age-related cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey A. Blair
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
| | - Henry McGee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
| | - Sabina Bhatta
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
| | - Russell Palm
- University of Toledo School of Medicine, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Gemma Casadesus
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
- *Correspondence: Gemma Casadesus, Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, 256 Cunningham Hall, Kent, OH 44242, USA e-mail:
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Makker A, Goel MM, Mahdi AA. PI3K/PTEN/Akt and TSC/mTOR signaling pathways, ovarian dysfunction, and infertility: an update. J Mol Endocrinol 2014; 53:R103-18. [PMID: 25312969 DOI: 10.1530/jme-14-0220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Abnormalities in ovarian function, including defective oogenesis and folliculogenesis, represent a key female reproductive deficiency. Accumulating evidence in the literature has shown that the PI3K/PTEN/Akt and TSC/mTOR signaling pathways are critical regulators of ovarian function including quiescence, activation, and survival of primordial follicles, granulosa cell proliferation and differentiation, and meiotic maturation of oocytes. Dysregulation of these signaling pathways may contribute to infertility caused by impaired follicular development, intrafollicular oocyte development, and ovulation. This article reviews the current state of knowledge of the functional role of the PI3K/PTEN/Akt and TSC/mTOR pathways during mammalian oogenesis and folliculogenesis and their association with female infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annu Makker
- Post-Graduate Department of PathologyDepartment of BiochemistryKing George's Medical University, Lucknow 226003, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Madhu Mati Goel
- Post-Graduate Department of PathologyDepartment of BiochemistryKing George's Medical University, Lucknow 226003, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Abbas Ali Mahdi
- Post-Graduate Department of PathologyDepartment of BiochemistryKing George's Medical University, Lucknow 226003, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Roa J, Tena-Sempere M. Connecting metabolism and reproduction: roles of central energy sensors and key molecular mediators. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2014; 397:4-14. [PMID: 25289807 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2014.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Revised: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
It is well established that pubertal activation of the reproductive axis and maintenance of fertility are critically dependent on the magnitude of body energy reserves and the metabolic state of the organism. Hence, conditions of impaired energy homeostasis often result in deregulation of puberty and reproduction, whereas gonadal dysfunction can be associated with the worsening of the metabolic profile and, eventually, changes in body weight. While much progress has taken place in our knowledge about the neuroendocrine mechanisms linking metabolism and reproduction, our understanding of how such dynamic interplay happens is still incomplete. As paradigmatic example, much has been learned in the last two decades on the reproductive roles of key metabolic hormones (such as leptin, insulin and ghrelin), their brain targets and the major transmitters and neuropeptides involved. Yet, the molecular mechanisms whereby metabolic information is translated and engages into the reproductive circuits remain largely unsolved. In this work, we will summarize recent developments in the characterization of the putative central roles of key cellular energy sensors, such as mTOR, in this phenomenon, and will relate these with other molecular mechanisms likely contributing to the brain coupling of energy balance and fertility. In doing so, we aim to provide an updated view of an area that, despite still underdeveloped, may be critically important to fully understand how reproduction and metabolism are tightly connected in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Roa
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Córdoba, Spain; Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC)/Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Manuel Tena-Sempere
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Córdoba, Spain; Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC)/Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, 14004 Córdoba, Spain.
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27
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Sokalska A, Stanley SD, Villanueva JA, Ortega I, Duleba AJ. Comparison of effects of different statins on growth and steroidogenesis of rat ovarian theca-interstitial cells. Biol Reprod 2014; 90:44. [PMID: 24389875 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.113.114843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Statins are competitive inhibitors of 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA reductase, the rate-limiting enzyme of the cellular production of cholesterol and other products of the mevalonate pathway. Statins exert hepatic and extrahepatic effects, modulating the function of various tissues and organs, including ovaries. Previously, we have demonstrated that simvastatin inhibited cellular proliferation and reduced androgen production by ovarian theca-interstitial cells. The above actions are of translational relevance to the most common endocrine disorder among women in reproductive age: polycystic ovary syndrome. However, different statins may have distinctly different profiles of effects on cholesterol and androgens. The present study was designed to compare the effects of several statins on growth and steroidogenesis of rat theca-interstitial cells. The cells were incubated in the absence (control) or in the presence of simvastatin, lovastatin, atorvastatin, or pravastatin. Assessment of effects of statins on cell growth was carried out by evaluation of DNA synthesis and by estimation of the number of viable cells. Effects on steroidogenesis were evaluated by quantification of steroid production and expression of mRNA for the key enzyme regulating androgen production: Cyp17a1. Among tested statins, simvastatin exerted the greatest inhibitory effects on all tested parameters. The rank order of the effects of the tested statins is as follows: simvastatin > lovastatin > atorvastatin ≥ pravastatin. While the lipophilicity is likely to play a major role in determining the ability of statins to act on nonhepatic cells, other factors unique to individual cell types are also likely to be relevant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Sokalska
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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28
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Palaniappan M, Menon B, Menon KMJ. Stimulatory effect of insulin on theca-interstitial cell proliferation and cell cycle regulatory proteins through MTORC1 dependent pathway. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2013; 366:81-9. [PMID: 23261705 PMCID: PMC3552006 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2012.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2012] [Revised: 11/22/2012] [Accepted: 12/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The present study examined the effect of insulin-mediated activation of the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (MTORC1) signaling network on the proliferation of primary culture of theca-interstitial (T-I) cells. Our results show that insulin treatment increased proliferation of the T-I cells through the MTORC1-dependent signaling pathway by increasing cell cycle regulatory proteins. Inhibition of ERK1/2 signaling caused partial reduction of insulin-induced phosphorylation of RPS6KB1 and RPS6 whereas inhibition of PI3-kinase signaling completely blocked the insulin response. Pharmacological inhibition of MTORC1 with rapamycin abrogated the insulin-induced phosphorylation of EIF4EBP1, RPS6KB1 and its downstream effector, RPS6. These results were further confirmed by demonstrating that knockdown of Mtor using siRNA reduced the insulin-stimulated MTORC1 signaling. Furthermore, insulin-stimulated T-I cell proliferation and the expression of cell cycle regulatory proteins CDK4, CCND3 and PCNA were also blocked by rapamycin. Taken together, the present studies show that insulin stimulates cell proliferation and cell cycle regulatory proteins in T-I cells via activation of the MTORC1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murugesan Palaniappan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
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