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Nakatani T, Partridge NC. MEF2C Interacts With c-FOS in PTH-Stimulated Mmp13 Gene Expression in Osteoblastic Cells. Endocrinology 2017; 158:3778-3791. [PMID: 28973134 PMCID: PMC5695834 DOI: 10.1210/en.2017-00159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) regulates the transcription of many genes in the osteoblast. One of these genes is Mmp13, which is involved in bone remodeling and early stages of endochondral bone formation. Previously, we reported that PTH induces Mmp13 transcription by regulating the dissociation of histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4) from runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), and the association of the HATs, p300, and p300/CREB binding protein (CBP)-associated factor. It is known that, in addition to Runx2, HDAC4 binds to the transcription factor, myocyte-specific enhancer factor 2c (MEF2C), and represses its activity. In this work, we investigated whether MEF2C participates in PTH-stimulated Mmp13 gene expression in osteoblastic cells and how it does so. Knockdown of Mef2c in UMR 106-01 cells repressed Mmp13 messenger RNA expression and promoter activity with or without PTH treatment. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays showed that MEF2C associated with the Mmp13 promoter; this increased after 4 hours of PTH treatment. ChIP-reChIP results indicate that endogenous MEF2C associates with HDAC4 on the Mmp13 promoter; after PTH treatment, this association decreased. From gel shift, ChIP, and promoter-reporter assays, MEF2C was found to associate with the activator protein-1 (AP-1) site without directly binding to DNA and had its stimulatory effect through interaction with c-FOS. In conclusion, MEF2C is necessary for Mmp13 gene expression at the transcriptional level and participates in PTH-stimulated Mmp13 gene expression by increased binding to c-FOS at the AP-1 site in the Mmp13 promoter. The observation of MEF2C interacting with a member of the AP-1 transcription factor family provides knowledge of the functions of HDAC4, c-FOS, and MEF2C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teruyo Nakatani
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York 10010
| | - Nicola C. Partridge
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York 10010
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2
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Ricarte F, Nakatani T, Partridge N. PTH Signaling and Epigenetic Control of Bone Remodeling. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 2:55-61. [PMID: 27152252 DOI: 10.1007/s40610-016-0033-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
As our understanding of the mechanisms that govern bone development advance, the role of epigenetic modifications in these processes become increasingly evident. Interestingly, in parathyroid hormone (PTH)-induced bone metabolism and remodeling, recent evidence shows that PTH signaling employs a particular facet of the epigenetic machinery to elicit its desired effects. In this review, we briefly discuss the known epigenetic events occurring in cells of the osteoblast lineage. More specifically, we elaborate on current findings that reveal the utilization of histone deacetylating enzymes (HDACs) in PTH-regulated modulation of gene expression in bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florante Ricarte
- New York University School of Medicine, Sackler Institute of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York, NY 10016
| | - Teruyo Nakatani
- New York University College of Dentistry, Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York, NY 10010
| | - Nicola Partridge
- New York University School of Medicine, Sackler Institute of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York, NY 10016; New York University College of Dentistry, Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York, NY 10010
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3
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Fei Y, Shimizu E, McBurney MW, Partridge NC. Sirtuin 1 is a negative regulator of parathyroid hormone stimulation of matrix metalloproteinase 13 expression in osteoblastic cells: role of sirtuin 1 in the action of PTH on osteoblasts. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:8373-82. [PMID: 25631045 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.602763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is the only current anabolic treatment for osteoporosis in the United States. PTH stimulates expression of matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP13) in bone. Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), an NAD-dependent deacetylase, participates in a variety of human diseases. Here we identify a role for SIRT1 in the action of PTH in osteoblasts. We observed increased Mmp13 mRNA expression and protein levels in bone from Sirt1 knock-out mice compared with wild type mice. PTH-induced Mmp13 expression was significantly blocked by the SIRT1 activator, resveratrol, in osteoblastic UMR 106-01 cells. In contrast, the SIRT1 inhibitor, EX527, significantly enhanced PTH-induced Mmp13 expression. Two h of PTH treatment augmented SIRT1 association with c-Jun, a component of the transcription factor complex, activator protein 1 (AP-1), and promoted SIRT1 association with the AP-1 site of the Mmp13 promoter. This binding was further increased by resveratrol, implicating SIRT1 as a feedback inhibitor regulating Mmp13 transcription. The AP-1 site of the Mmp13 promoter is required for PTH stimulation of Mmp13 transcriptional activity. When the AP-1 site was mutated, EX527 was unable to increase PTH-stimulated Mmp13 promoter activity, indicating a role for the AP-1 site in SIRT1 inhibition. We further showed that SIRT1 deacetylates c-Jun and that the cAMP pathway participates in this deacetylation process. These data indicate that SIRT1 is a negative regulator of MMP13 expression, SIRT1 activation inhibits PTH stimulation of Mmp13 expression, and this regulation is mediated by SIRT1 association with c-Jun at the AP-1 site of the Mmp13 promoter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurong Fei
- From the Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York 10010 and
| | - Emi Shimizu
- From the Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York 10010 and
| | - Michael W McBurney
- the Ottawa Health Research Center Institute, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - Nicola C Partridge
- From the Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York 10010 and
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The PTH-Gαs-protein kinase A cascade controls αNAC localization to regulate bone mass. Mol Cell Biol 2014; 34:1622-33. [PMID: 24550008 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.01434-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The binding of PTH to its receptor induces Gα(s)-dependent cyclic AMP (cAMP) accumulation to turn on effector kinases, including protein kinase A (PKA). The phenotype of mice with osteoblasts specifically deficient for Gα(s) is mimicked by a mutation leading to cytoplasmic retention of the transcriptional coregulator αNAC, suggesting that Gαs and αNAC form part of a common genetic pathway. We show that treatment of osteoblasts with PTH(1-34) or the PKA-selective activator N(6)-benzoyladenosine cAMP (6Bnz-cAMP) leads to translocation of αNAC to the nucleus. αNAC was phosphorylated by PKA at serine 99 in vitro. Phospho-S99-αNAC accumulated in osteoblasts exposed to PTH(1-34) or 6Bnz-cAMP but not in treated cells expressing dominant-negative PKA. Nuclear accumulation was abrogated by an S99A mutation but enhanced by a phosphomimetic residue (S99D). Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) analysis showed that PTH(1-34) or 6Bnz-cAMP treatment leads to accumulation of αNAC at the Osteocalcin (Ocn) promoter. Altered gene dosages for Gα(s) and αNAC in compound heterozygous mice result in reduced bone mass, increased numbers of osteocytes, and enhanced expression of Sost. Our results show that αNAC is a substrate of PKA following PTH signaling. This enhances αNAC translocation to the nucleus and leads to its accumulation at target promoters to regulate transcription and affect bone mass.
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Shah M, Huang D, Blick T, Connor A, Reiter LA, Hardink JR, Lynch CC, Waltham M, Thompson EW. An MMP13-selective inhibitor delays primary tumor growth and the onset of tumor-associated osteolytic lesions in experimental models of breast cancer. PLoS One 2012; 7:e29615. [PMID: 22253746 PMCID: PMC3256168 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0029615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2011] [Accepted: 12/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effects of the matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP13)-selective inhibitor, 5-(4-{4-[4-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,3-oxazol-2-yl]phenoxy}phenoxy)-5-(2-methoxyethyl) pyrimidine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione (Cmpd-1), on the primary tumor growth and breast cancer-associated bone remodeling using xenograft and syngeneic mouse models. We used human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells inoculated into the mammary fat pad and left ventricle of BALB/c Nu/Nu mice, respectively, and spontaneously metastasizing 4T1.2-Luc mouse mammary cells inoculated into mammary fat pad of BALB/c mice. In a prevention setting, treatment with Cmpd-1 markedly delayed the growth of primary tumors in both models, and reduced the onset and severity of osteolytic lesions in the MDA-MB-231 intracardiac model. Intervention treatment with Cmpd-1 on established MDA-MB-231 primary tumors also significantly inhibited subsequent growth. In contrast, no effects of Cmpd-1 were observed on soft organ metastatic burden following intracardiac or mammary fat pad inoculations of MDA-MB-231 and 4T1.2-Luc cells respectively. MMP13 immunostaining of clinical primary breast tumors and experimental mice tumors revealed intra-tumoral and stromal expression in most tumors, and vasculature expression in all. MMP13 was also detected in osteoblasts in clinical samples of breast-to-bone metastases. The data suggest that MMP13-selective inhibitors, which lack musculoskeletal side effects, may have therapeutic potential both in primary breast cancer and cancer-induced bone osteolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Shah
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, St. Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.
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Datta NS. Osteoporotic fracture and parathyroid hormone. World J Orthop 2011; 2:67-74. [PMID: 22474638 PMCID: PMC3302045 DOI: 10.5312/wjo.v2.i8.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2011] [Revised: 04/19/2011] [Accepted: 06/01/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis and age-related bone loss is associated with changes in bone remodeling characterized by decreased bone formation relative to bone resorption, resulting in bone fragility and increased risk of fractures. Stimulating the function of bone-forming osteoblasts, is the preferred pharmacological intervention for osteoporosis. Recombinant parathyroid hormone (PTH), PTH(1-34), is an anabolic agent with proven benefits to bone strength and has been characterized as a potential therapy for skeletal repair. In spite of PTH's clinical use, safety is a major consideration for long-term treatment. Studies have demonstrated that intermittent PTH treatment enhances and accelerates the skeletal repair process via a number of mechanisms. Recent research into the molecular mechanism of PTH action on bone tissue has led to the development of PTH analogs to control osteoporotic fractures. This review summarizes a number of advances made in the field of PTH and bone fracture to combat these injuries in humans and in animal models. The ultimate goal of providing an alternative to PTH, currently the sole anabolic therapy in clinical use, to promote bone formation and improve bone strength in the aging population is yet to be achieved.
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Lee M, Partridge NC. Parathyroid hormone activation of matrix metalloproteinase-13 transcription requires the histone acetyltransferase activity of p300 and PCAF and p300-dependent acetylation of PCAF. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:38014-22. [PMID: 20870727 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.142141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) regulates the transcription of many genes involved in bone remodeling in osteoblasts. One of these genes is matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13), which is involved in bone remodeling and early stages of endochondral bone formation. We have previously shown that Mmp-13 gene expression is highly induced by PTH treatment in osteoblastic UMR 106-01 cells, as well as primary osteoblasts. Here, we show that p300/CBP-associated factor (PCAF), in addition to p300 and Runx2, is required for PTH activation of Mmp-13 transcription. PCAF was increasingly recruited to the MMP-13 proximal promoter region after PTH treatment, and this was associated with an increase in RNA polymerase II recruitment and histone acetylation. In addition, PTH treatment increased the acetylation of PCAF, a process that required p300. Knockdown of PCAF, p300, or Runx2 by siRNA decreased Mmp-13 mRNA expression after PTH treatment in both UMR 106-01 cells and primary osteoblasts. We found that there is a mutual dependence between p300 and PCAF to be recruited to the Mmp-13 promoter after PTH treatment. In promoter-reporter assays, p300 and PCAF had an additive effect on PTH stimulation of MMP-13 promoter activity, and this required their histone acetyltransferase activity. Our findings demonstrate that PCAF acts downstream of PTH signaling as a transcriptional coactivator that is required for PTH stimulation of MMP-13 transcription. PCAF cooperates with p300 and Runx2 to mediate PTH activation of MMP-13 transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minnkyong Lee
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
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Shimizu E, Selvamurugan N, Westendorf JJ, Olson EN, Partridge NC. HDAC4 represses matrix metalloproteinase-13 transcription in osteoblastic cells, and parathyroid hormone controls this repression. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:9616-9626. [PMID: 20097749 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.094862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is a hormone regulating bone remodeling through its actions on both bone formation and bone resorption. Previously we reported that PTH induces matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13) transcription in osteoblastic cells. Here, we show that histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4) interacts with Runx2, binds the MMP-13 promoter, and suppresses MMP-13 gene transcription in the rat osteoblastic cell line, UMR 106-01. PTH induces the rapid cAMP-dependent protein kinase-dependent release of HDAC4 from the MMP-13 promoter and subsequent transcription of MMP-13. Knock-out of HDAC4 either by siRNA in vitro or by gene deletion in vivo leads to an increase in MMP-13 expression, and overexpression of HDAC4 decreases the PTH induction of MMP-13. All of these observations indicate that HDAC4 represses MMP-13 gene transcription in bone. Moreover, PTH stimulates HDAC4 gene expression and enzymatic activity at times corresponding to the reassociation of HDAC4 with the MMP-13 promoter and a decline in its transcription. Thus, HDAC4 is a basal repressor of MMP-13 transcription, and PTH regulates HDAC4 to control MMP-13 promoter activity. These data identify a novel and discrete mechanism of regulating HDAC4 levels and, subsequently, gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emi Shimizu
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York 10010
| | - Nagarajan Selvamurugan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, Sri Ramaswamy Memorial University, Kattankulathur 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jennifer J Westendorf
- Departments of Orthopedic Surgery and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
| | - Eric N Olson
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390
| | - Nicola C Partridge
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York 10010.
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9
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Abstract
The striking clinical benefit of PTH in osteoporosis began a new era of skeletal anabolic agents. Several studies have been performed, new studies are emerging out and yet controversies remain on PTH anabolic action in bone. This review focuses on the molecular aspects of PTH and PTHrP signaling in light of old players and recent advances in understanding the control of osteoblast proliferation, differentiation and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabanita S Datta
- Division Endocrinology, Department Internal Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 421 East Canfield Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA.
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Boumah CE, Lee M, Selvamurugan N, Shimizu E, Partridge NC. Runx2 recruits p300 to mediate parathyroid hormone's effects on histone acetylation and transcriptional activation of the matrix metalloproteinase-13 gene. Mol Endocrinol 2009; 23:1255-63. [PMID: 19423655 DOI: 10.1210/me.2008-0217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
PTH regulates transcription of a number of genes involved in bone remodeling and calcium homeostasis. We have previously shown that the matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13) gene is induced by PTH in osteoblastic cells as a secondary response through the protein kinase A pathway requiring the runt domain and activator protein 1 binding sites of the proximal promoter. Here, we investigated the changes PTH causes in histone acetylation in this region (which contains the only deoxyribonuclease-hypersensitive sites in the promoter) leading to MMP-13 gene activation in these cells. Chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments revealed that PTH rapidly increased histone H4 acetylation followed by histone H3 acetylation associated with the different regions of the MMP-13 proximal promoter. The hormone also stimulated p300 histone acetyl transferase activity and increased p300 bound to the MMP-13 proximal promoter, and this required protein synthesis. Upon PTH treatment, Runx2, already bound to the runt domain site of the MMP-13 promoter, interacted with p300, which then acetylated histones H4 and H3. The knockdown of either Runx2 or p300 by RNA interference reduced PTH-induced acetylation of histones H3 and H4, association of p300 with the MMP-13 promoter, and resultant MMP-13 gene transcription. Overall, our studies suggest that without altering the gross chromatin structure, PTH stimulates acetylation of histones H3 and H4 via recruitment of p300 to Runx2 bound to the MMP-13 promoter, resulting in gene activation. This work establishes the molecular basis of transcriptional regulation in osteoblasts by PTH, a hormone acting through a G-protein coupled receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine E Boumah
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
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Selvamurugan N, Shimizu E, Lee M, Liu T, Li H, Partridge NC. Identification and characterization of Runx2 phosphorylation sites involved in matrix metalloproteinase-13 promoter activation. FEBS Lett 2009; 583:1141-6. [PMID: 19264160 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2009.02.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2008] [Revised: 01/24/2009] [Accepted: 02/24/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13) plays a critical role in parathyroid hormone (PTH)-induced bone resorption. PTH acts via protein kinase A (PKA) to phosphorylate and stimulate the transactivation of Runx2 for MMP-13 promoter activation. We show here that PTH stimulated Runx2 phosphorylation in rat osteoblastic cells. Runx2 was phosphorylated on serine 28 and threonine 340 after 8-bromo cyclic adenosine mono phosphate (8-Br-cAMP) treatment. We further demonstrate that in the presence of 8-Br-cAMP, the wild-type Runx2 construct stimulated MMP-13 promoter activity, while the Runx2 construct having mutations at three phosphorylation sites (S28, S347 and T340) was unable to stimulate MMP-13 promoter activity. Thus, we have identified the Runx2 phosphorylation sites necessary for PKA stimulated MMP-13 promoter activation and this event may be critical for bone remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagarajan Selvamurugan
- Department of Endocrinology, Dr. ALM Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani, Chennai, India
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Behonick DJ, Xing Z, Lieu S, Buckley JM, Lotz JC, Marcucio RS, Werb Z, Miclau T, Colnot C. Role of matrix metalloproteinase 13 in both endochondral and intramembranous ossification during skeletal regeneration. PLoS One 2007; 2:e1150. [PMID: 17987127 PMCID: PMC2063465 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0001150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2007] [Accepted: 10/07/2007] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling is important during bone development and repair. Because matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP13, collagenase-3) plays a role in long bone development, we have examined its role during adult skeletal repair. In this study we find that MMP13 is expressed by hypertrophic chondrocytes and osteoblasts in the fracture callus. We demonstrate that MMP13 is required for proper resorption of hypertrophic cartilage and for normal bone remodeling during non-stabilized fracture healing, which occurs via endochondral ossification. However, no difference in callus strength was detected in the absence of MMP13. Transplant of wild-type bone marrow, which reconstitutes cells only of the hematopoietic lineage, did not rescue the endochondral repair defect, indicating that impaired healing in Mmp13−/− mice is intrinsic to cartilage and bone. Mmp13−/− mice also exhibited altered bone remodeling during healing of stabilized fractures and cortical defects via intramembranous ossification. This indicates that the bone phenotype occurs independently from the cartilage phenotype. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that MMP13 is involved in normal remodeling of bone and cartilage during adult skeletal repair, and that MMP13 may act directly in the initial stages of ECM degradation in these tissues prior to invasion of blood vessels and osteoclasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle J. Behonick
- Department of Anatomy and Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Zhiqing Xing
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Shirley Lieu
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Jenni M. Buckley
- Orthopaedic Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey C. Lotz
- Orthopaedic Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Ralph S. Marcucio
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Zena Werb
- Department of Anatomy and Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Theodore Miclau
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Céline Colnot
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- * To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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Cho ES, Yu JH, Kim MS, Yim M. Rolipram, a phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor, stimulates inducible cAMP early repressor expression in osteoblasts. Yonsei Med J 2005; 46:149-54. [PMID: 15744818 PMCID: PMC2823041 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2005.46.1.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphodiesterase (PDE) 4 inhibitors have been shown to induce the cAMP-mediated signaling pathway by inhibiting cAMP hydrolysis. This study investigated the effect of a PDE4 inhibitor on the expression of the inducible cAMP early repressor (ICER), which is an endogenous inhibitor of CRE- mediated transcription, in osteoblastic cells. RT-PCR analysis revealed that rolipram, a PDE4 inhibitor, stimulates the ICER mRNA in a dose dependent manner. The induction of ICER mRNA expression by rolipram was suppressed by the inhibitors of protein kinase A (PKA) and p38 MAPK, suggesting the involvement of PKA and p38 MAPK activation in ICER expression by rolipram. It was previously shown that rolipram induced the expression of TNF-related activation-induced cytokine (TRANCE, also known as RANKL, ODF, or OPGL) in osteoblasts. This paper provides evidences that a transcriptional repressor like ICER might modulate TRANCE mRNA expression by rolipram in osteoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Sook Cho
- College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ja Heon Yu
- College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mi Sun Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mijung Yim
- College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Korea
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14
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Shah R, Alvarez M, Jones DR, Torrungruang K, Watt AJ, Selvamurugan N, Partridge NC, Quinn CO, Pavalko FM, Rhodes SJ, Bidwell JP. Nmp4/CIZ regulation of matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP-13) response to parathyroid hormone in osteoblasts. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2004; 287:E289-96. [PMID: 15026307 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00517.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) regulation of matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13) expression in osteoblasts contributes to normal bone turnover. The PTH response region of the rat MMP-13 gene spans nucleotides (nt) -148 to -38 and supports binding of numerous transcription factors, including Runx2, necessary for osteoblast differentiation, c-Fos/c-Jun, and Ets-1. These trans-acting proteins mediate hormone induction via incompletely defined combinatorial interactions. Within this region, adjacent to the distal Runx2 site, is a homopolymeric(dA:dT) element (-119/-110 nt) that conforms to the consensus site for the novel transcription factor nuclear matrix protein-4/cas interacting zinc finger protein (Nmp4/CIZ). This protein regulates bone cell expression of type I collagen and suppresses BMP2-enhanced osteoblast differentiation. The aim of this study was to determine whether Nmp4/CIZ contributes to MMP-13 basal transcription and PTH responsiveness in osteoblasts. Electrophoretic mobility shift analysis confirms Nmp4/CIZ binding within the MMP-13 PTH response region. Mutation of the Nmp4/CIZ element decreases basal activity of an MMP-13 promoter-reporter construct containing the first 1329 nt of the 5'-regulatory region, and overexpression of Nmp4/CIZ protein enhances the activity of the wild-type promoter. The same mutation of the homopolymeric(dA:dT) element enhances the MMP-13 response to PTH and PGE(2). Overexpression of Nmp4/CIZ diminishes hormone induction. Mutation of both the homopolymeric(dA:dT) element and the adjacent Runx2 site further augments the PTH response. On the basis of these data and previous studies, we propose that Nmp4/CIZ is a component of a multiprotein assemblage or enhanceosome within the MMP-13 PTH response region and that, within this context, Nmp4/CIZ promotes both basal expression and hormonal synergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Shah
- Department of Anatomy, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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15
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Quinn CO, Bizek GM, Agapova OA. Induction of rat interstitial collagenase (MMP-13) mRNA in a development-dependent manner by parathyroid hormone in osteoblastic cells. Endocrine 2000; 12:227-36. [PMID: 10963042 DOI: 10.1385/endo:12:3:227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/1999] [Revised: 12/21/1999] [Accepted: 01/04/2000] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine whether the production of interstitial collagenase mRNA in response to parathyroid hormone (PTH) changes with osteoblast phenotypic development. To accomplish this, cells derived from fetal rat calvaria were examined. The calvarial osteoblasts, which proliferate when placed in culture, can be made to differentiate after confluence. Studies were performed on cells while they were proliferating, at confluence, and during the differentiation process. The cells were treated with PTH for various times, and interstitial collagenase mRNA was quantified by RNase protection assay. We concluded that the ability of PTH to induce interstitial collagenase mRNA in these cells increased with osteoblast phenotypic development. We also determined that the response could be mimicked by combining the effect of 8-bromo-cAMP and 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate, stimulators of the protein kinase A and protein kinase C pathways, respectively, both known to be activated by PTH. The binding of nuclear factors to two regions previously reported to be important for PTH induction of the gene in UMR 106-01 cells was also examined. These data indicated that the binding of nuclear factors to oligonucleotides encompassing the TRE (-51) or the PEA3 (-80) elements changed with development of the osteoblast phenotype. The latter was also shown to be PTH responsive.
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Affiliation(s)
- C O Quinn
- Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, St. Louis University Health Sciences Center, MO 63110, USA.
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Zhao W, Byrne MH, Boyce BF, Krane SM. Bone resorption induced by parathyroid hormone is strikingly diminished in collagenase-resistant mutant mice. J Clin Invest 1999; 103:517-24. [PMID: 10021460 PMCID: PMC408105 DOI: 10.1172/jci5481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) stimulates bone resorption by acting directly on osteoblasts/stromal cells and then indirectly to increase differentiation and function of osteoclasts. PTH acting on osteoblasts/stromal cells increases collagenase gene transcription and synthesis. To assess the role of collagenase in the bone resorptive actions of PTH, we used mice homozygous (r/r) for a targeted mutation (r) in Col1a1 that are resistant to collagenase cleavage of type I collagen. Human PTH(1-34) was injected subcutaneously over the hemicalvariae in wild-type (+/+) or r/r mice four times daily for three days. Osteoclast numbers, the size of the bone marrow spaces and periosteal proliferation were increased in calvariae from PTH-treated +/+ mice, whereas in r/r mice, PTH-induced bone resorption responses were minimal. The r/r mice were not resistant to other skeletal effects of PTH because abundant interstitial collagenase mRNA was detected in the calvarial periosteum of PTH-treated, but not vehicle-treated, r/r and +/+ mice. Calcemic responses, 0.5-10 hours after intraperitoneal injection of PTH, were blunted in r/r mice versus +/+ mice. Thus, collagenase cleavage of type I collagen is necessary for PTH induction of osteoclastic bone resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Zhao
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Medical Services (Arthritis Unit), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
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Porte D, Tuckermann J, Becker M, Baumann B, Teurich S, Higgins T, Owen MJ, Schorpp-Kistner M, Angel P. Both AP-1 and Cbfa1-like factors are required for the induction of interstitial collagenase by parathyroid hormone. Oncogene 1999; 18:667-78. [PMID: 9989817 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1202333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
PTH is a major regulator of calcium homeostasis by mobilizing calcium through bone resorption. We show that the expression of collagenase-3 (MMP-13), a member of the family of matrix metalloproteinases, required for the cleavage of collagens in the bone, is increased upon PTH injection in mice. A cis-acting element in the collagenase-3 promoter was identified which, together with AP-1, is required for induction by PTH. This element contains CCACA motifs which are required for binding of the 65 kDa osteoblast-specific splice variant of Cbfal. Introduction of mutations in this binding site that interfere with protein interaction also eliminates PTH inducibility and transactivation by Cbfa/ Runt proteins. While DNA binding activity of AP-1 is increased upon PTH treatment, high basal level of Cbfa/Runt binding activity is detectable in untreated cells which is not further increased by PTH, suggesting that AP-1 and Cbfal contribute to transcriptional activation through different mechanisms. In agreement with the critical role of both proteins defined in tissue culture cells, expression of collagenase-3 is reduced in mice lacking c-fos and is completely absent in cbfa1-/-embryos. These data provide the first evidence for a critical role of Cbfal, a major regulator of bone development, in PTH-dependent processes such as bone resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Porte
- Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Abteilung Signaltransduktion und Wachstumskontrolle, Heidelberg, Germany
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Sömjen D, Vargas V, Waisman A, Wingender E, Tegge W, Kaye AM. Stimulation of creatine kinase activity in rat skeletal tissue in vivo and in vitro by protease-resistant variants of parathyroid hormone fragments. Biochem J 1995; 309 ( Pt 1):85-90. [PMID: 7619087 PMCID: PMC1135803 DOI: 10.1042/bj3090085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
We have reported that mid-region fragments of human parathyroid hormone (hPTH), exemplified by hPTH-(28-48), stimulated [3H]thymidine incorporation into DNA and increased the specific activity of the brain-type isoenzyme of creatine kinase (CK) in both skeletal-derived cell cultures (ROS 17/2.8 cells) and immature rat epiphyseal cartilage and diaphyseal bone, without stimulating cyclic AMP synthesis which is a prerequisite for bone resorption. In the present study, substitution of amino acids in hPTH-(28-48), which resulted in increased resistance to proteolysis, produced variants that stimulated skeletal systems at two orders of magnitude lower concentration than the wild-type fragment. We modified hPTH-(28-48) at Leu-37 by replacement with Met, Thr or Val. Under conditions in which 20% of the native hPTH-(28-48) resisted proteolysis by cathepsin D for 6 h, approx. 40% of the L37V mutant and 70% of the L37T mutant remained intact. Substitution of Met for Phe-34 in addition to Thr for Leu-37, or the substitution of Met for Phe-34 alone, produced 100%-resistant fragments. These variants at residue 34 caused maximal stimulation of CK in ROS 17/2.8 cells at 0.24 nM compared with 24 nM for hPTH-(28-48). The double mutant stimulated CK activity significantly in immature rats, at a minimum dose of 12.5 ng/rat, and caused maximal stimulation at 125 ng/rat, a 10-fold lower dose than for hPTH-(28-48). The effect of the double mutant lasted up to 24 h which differs from the stimulation by hPTH-(28-48) in which CK specific activity returns to the control level at 24 h. This same dose also significantly stimulated CK activity in gonadectomized rats. These results show the advantage of using protease-resistant mid-region variants of hPTH-(28-48) to stimulate bone cells, in terms of lower doses and longer duration of effectiveness, both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Sömjen
- Tel Aviv Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
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