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Liang Q, Hu JX, Liang ZS, Xiao LL, Xu WH. Euphorbia pekinensis Rupr. roots: a comprehensive review of botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, quality control, and toxicology. Nat Prod Res 2024:1-17. [PMID: 39205630 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2024.2397554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Euphorbia pekinensis Rupr. is a traditional herb generally distributed in most areas of China, north Korea and Japan. The dried roots of Euphorbia pekinensis Rupr. (REP), famous as 'Jing Da Ji' () have been applied as traditional herb medicines to expel water and rheum; disperse swelling, dissipate binds and to treat edoema, pleural effusions, uraemia, nephritis, cirrhosis with ascites, as well as other diseases. Recent advances in botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, quality control, and toxicology of E. pekinensis roots are methodically outlined and current limitations as well as future perspectives also are discussed in order to guide scientifical investigation and rational application of REP. Up to now, 79 structurally diverse compounds have been obtained and characterised from REP, principally including diterpenoids, triterpenoids, tannins, phenols, and 29 volatile constituents. Among which, diterpenoids are considered as primary characteristic and active constituents. The extracts and individual compounds from REP have demonstrated significant pharmacological effects such as diuretic and purgative, anti-inflammatory, and cytotoxic effects. REP are widely used in traditional medicine due to diverse chemical constituents with obvious pharmacological effects. Modern phytochemical and pharmacological studies justified and explained relevant traditional uses of REP and offer worthy clues for new medical fields of industrial application. Nevertheless, a great number of thorough and detailed investigations should be carried out in active constituents, mechanisms of action, quality-marker, toxicology assessment, and detoxification mechanisms of REP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Liang
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, PR China
| | - Jia-Xin Hu
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, PR China
| | - Zong-Suo Liang
- Shaoxing Academy of Biomedicine of Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Shaoxing, PR China
| | - Li-Lin Xiao
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, PR China
| | - Wen-Hui Xu
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, PR China
- Shaoxing Academy of Biomedicine of Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Shaoxing, PR China
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Latansio de Oliveira T, Reder Custodio de Souza A, Dias Fontana P, Carvalho Carneiro M, Beltrame FL, de Messias Reason IJ, Bavia L. Bioactive Secondary Plant Metabolites from Euphorbia umbellata (PAX) BRUYNS (Euphorbiaceae). Chem Biodivers 2022; 19:e202200568. [PMID: 36259393 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202200568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The species Euphorbia umbellata has been used to treat inflammatory diseases, cancer, and ulcers. Biological activities reported in the literature, including antiproliferative, cytotoxic and anti-inflammatory, are attributed to the chemical constituents present in its composition as terpenes and polyphenolic compounds. The most recurrently verified metabolites in the Euphorbiaceae family plant species are terpenes, of which euphol is a major constituent with broadly reported cytotoxic, antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects; it frequently appears in various extracts obtained from the plant. Euphol has a documented inhibitory effect on neutrophil chemotaxis and can modulate the complement system. Since complement system activation is intimately intertwined with autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, tumor growth promotion and metastasis, plant metabolites from Euphorbia umbellata might influence the outcomes of inflammatory processes. We believe that this is the first review presenting the current knowledge on Euphorbia umbellata secondary metabolites and their biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thais Latansio de Oliveira
- Center for Biological and Health Sciences, UniCesumar, Desembargador Westphalen, 60, 84036-350, Paraná, Ponta Grossa, Brazil
| | - Ariádine Reder Custodio de Souza
- Department of Food Engineering, State University of Midwest, Alameda Élio Antonio Dalla Vecchia, 838, 85040-167, Paraná, Guarapuava, Brazil
| | - Pâmela Dias Fontana
- Department of Medical Pathology, Federal University of Paraná, 80060-900, Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Milena Carvalho Carneiro
- Department of Immunology, University of São Paulo, Prof. Lineu Prestes Avenue, 05508-000, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Flávio Luís Beltrame
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, State University of Ponta Grossa, Avenue General Carlos Cavalcanti, 4748, 84030-900, Paraná, Ponta Grossa, Brazil
| | - Iara Jose de Messias Reason
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, State University of Ponta Grossa, Avenue General Carlos Cavalcanti, 4748, 84030-900, Paraná, Ponta Grossa, Brazil
| | - Lorena Bavia
- Department of Cell Biology, Federal University of Paraná, Avenida Coronel Francisco H. dos Santos, 100, 19031, 81531-980, Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
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de Oliveira TL, Bavia L, Fontana PD, Cruz LS, Paludo KS, Crisma AR, Messias-Reason IJ, Beltrame FL. Immunomodulatory and cytotoxic activities of euphol. Life Sci 2021; 280:119700. [PMID: 34111465 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This study evaluated the effect of euphol isolated from Euphorbia umbellata (Pax) Bruyns latex on the activation of complement pathways (classical (CP), alternative (AP) and lectin (LP)), neutrophil chemotaxis, cytotoxic activity, cell morphology and death in HRT-18 and 3T3 cells lines. MAIN METHODS CP and AP were assessed using hemolytic assays and ELISA for LP; neutrophil chemotaxis was performed using Boyden's chamber; cytotoxicity was evaluated by neutral red methodology and characteristics of cell death were assessed by cell morphology with hematological staining. KEY FINDINGS Although euphol increased CP activation (38% at a concentration of 976.1 μM), an inhibitory effect on AP, LP (31% and 32% reduction in the concentration of 976.1 μM) and neutrophil chemotaxis (inhibit 84% of neutrophil migration at a concentration 292.9 μM) was observed. In addiction euphol was able to induce significant cell death in a time-dependent manner, presenting an IC50 of 70.8 μM and 39.2 μM for HRT-18 and 3T3 cell lines respectively and it was also observed apoptotic characteristics as cellular rounding, chromatin condensation and blebs formation for both cell lines. SIGNIFICANCE Euphol has a potential use for the treatment of complement-related inflammatory diseases due to its ability to downregulate inflammation. On the other hand, the controlled activation of CP can contribute to complement-dependent cytotoxicity in the context of monoclonal antibody-based cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thais Latansio de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunopathology, Clinical Hospital, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil.
| | - Lorena Bavia
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunopathology, Clinical Hospital, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Pâmela Dias Fontana
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunopathology, Clinical Hospital, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Luiza Stolz Cruz
- Laboratory of Phytotherapy, Phytotherapy Technology and Chemistry of Natural Products, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, Brazil
| | - Katia Sabrina Paludo
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Biological Sciences and Health, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, Brazil
| | | | - Iara Jose Messias-Reason
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunopathology, Clinical Hospital, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Flávio Luís Beltrame
- Laboratory of Phytotherapy, Phytotherapy Technology and Chemistry of Natural Products, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, Brazil
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Zhang T, Liu R, Chang M, Jin Q, Zhang H, Wang X. Health benefits of 4,4-dimethyl phytosterols: an exploration beyond 4-desmethyl phytosterols. Food Funct 2020; 11:93-110. [PMID: 31804642 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo01205b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
4,4-Dimethyl phytosterols possess two methyl groups at the carbon-4 atom of the aliphatic A-ring. The methyl groups are crucial for the molecular recognition of endogenous and exogenous bioactive compounds. Phytosterols have received worldwide attention owing to their recognized health benefits. However, 4,4-dimethyl phytosterols are less appreciated. Recent research studies revealed that 4,4-dimethyl phytosterols exert numerous beneficial effects on disease prevention, and are particularly involved in the endogenous cannabinoid system (ECS). The purpose of this review is to summarize and highlight the currently available information regarding the structures and sources of 4,4-dimethyl phytosterols, and to provide detailed preclinical studies performed to evaluate their potential for treating various diseases. Future research on 4,4-dimethyl phytosterols is warranted to confirm their relationship with the ECS, and to elucidate the mechanism directly toward clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Gonçalves ECD, Baldasso GM, Bicca MA, Paes RS, Capasso R, Dutra RC. Terpenoids, Cannabimimetic Ligands, beyond the Cannabis Plant. Molecules 2020; 25:E1567. [PMID: 32235333 PMCID: PMC7181184 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25071567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Medicinal use of Cannabis sativa L. has an extensive history and it was essential in the discovery of phytocannabinoids, including the Cannabis major psychoactive compound-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC)-as well as the G-protein-coupled cannabinoid receptors (CBR), named cannabinoid receptor type-1 (CB1R) and cannabinoid receptor type-2 (CB2R), both part of the now known endocannabinoid system (ECS). Cannabinoids is a vast term that defines several compounds that have been characterized in three categories: (i) endogenous, (ii) synthetic, and (iii) phytocannabinoids, and are able to modulate the CBR and ECS. Particularly, phytocannabinoids are natural terpenoids or phenolic compounds derived from Cannabis sativa. However, these terpenoids and phenolic compounds can also be derived from other plants (non-cannabinoids) and still induce cannabinoid-like properties. Cannabimimetic ligands, beyond the Cannabis plant, can act as CBR agonists or antagonists, or ECS enzyme inhibitors, besides being able of playing a role in immune-mediated inflammatory and infectious diseases, neuroinflammatory, neurological, and neurodegenerative diseases, as well as in cancer, and autoimmunity by itself. In this review, we summarize and critically highlight past, present, and future progress on the understanding of the role of cannabinoid-like molecules, mainly terpenes, as prospective therapeutics for different pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine C. D. Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Autoimmunity and Immunopharmacology (LAIF), Department of Health Sciences, Campus Araranguá, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Araranguá 88906-072, Brazil; (E.C.D.G.); (G.M.B.); (R.S.P.)
- Graduate Program of Neuroscience, Center of Biological Sciences, Campus Florianópolis, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Gabriela M. Baldasso
- Laboratory of Autoimmunity and Immunopharmacology (LAIF), Department of Health Sciences, Campus Araranguá, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Araranguá 88906-072, Brazil; (E.C.D.G.); (G.M.B.); (R.S.P.)
| | - Maíra A. Bicca
- Neurosurgery Department, Neurosurgery Pain Research institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA;
| | - Rodrigo S. Paes
- Laboratory of Autoimmunity and Immunopharmacology (LAIF), Department of Health Sciences, Campus Araranguá, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Araranguá 88906-072, Brazil; (E.C.D.G.); (G.M.B.); (R.S.P.)
| | - Raffaele Capasso
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80,055 Portici, Italy
| | - Rafael C. Dutra
- Laboratory of Autoimmunity and Immunopharmacology (LAIF), Department of Health Sciences, Campus Araranguá, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Araranguá 88906-072, Brazil; (E.C.D.G.); (G.M.B.); (R.S.P.)
- Graduate Program of Neuroscience, Center of Biological Sciences, Campus Florianópolis, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, Brazil
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Nishiyama M, Tonouchi A, Maeda H, Hashimoto M. DFT calculation–assisted stereo‐structural assignment of arundifungin. Chirality 2019; 32:17-31. [DOI: 10.1002/chir.23151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mami Nishiyama
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life ScienceHirosaki University Hirosaki Japan
| | - Akio Tonouchi
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life ScienceHirosaki University Hirosaki Japan
| | - Hayato Maeda
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life ScienceHirosaki University Hirosaki Japan
| | - Masaru Hashimoto
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life ScienceHirosaki University Hirosaki Japan
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Yam-Puc A, Santana-Hernández AA, Yah-Nahuat PN, Ramón-Sierra JM, Cáceres-Farfán MR, Borges-Argáez RL, Ortiz-Vázquez E. Pentacyclic triterpenes and other constituents in propolis extract from Melipona beecheii collected in Yucatan, México. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE FARMACOGNOSIA-BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOGNOSY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjp.2019.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Özbilgin S, Acıkara ÖB, Akkol EK, Süntar I, Keleş H, İşcan GS. In vivo wound-healing activity of Euphorbia characias subsp. wulfenii: Isolation and quantification of quercetin glycosides as bioactive compounds. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 224:400-408. [PMID: 29920357 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The latex and the aerial parts of Euphorbia characias L. (Euphorbiaceae) have been used as medicinal plant to treat wounds and warts in traditional medicine. AIM OF THE STUDY The effect of the plant extract was tested in vivo and in vitro with experimental models to find scientific evidence for traditional use in wound healing. Potentially active wound-healer compounds were isolated from the active fraction using fractionation procedures under the guidance of biological assay and the possible role of the compounds in the wound healing process was also determined. MATERIAL AND METHODS N-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol extracts were successively prepared from the aerial parts of E. characias subsp. wulfenii. The extracts were tested with linear incision, circular excision wound models and the hydroxyproline assay method to assess the wound-healing activity. The inhibition of the increase in capillary permeability induced by acetic acid, an acute inflammation model, was used to assay the anti-inflammatory activity. Different chromatographic separation techniques on sephadex and silica gel columns, and bioassay guided assay techniques have been used to isolate the active compounds of the plant. Moreover, hyaluronidase, collagenase and elastase enzymes inhibitory effect of active principle were investigated in vitro to find out the mechanism of action. RESULTS The methanol (MeOH-ex) extract of the aerial parts of E. characias subsp. wulfenii showed significant wound healing activity (linear incision wound model: 43.04%; circular excision wound model 65.24%) and anti-inflammatory activity (34.74%). The methanol extract was separated into its fractions by column chromatography for isolation of efficient compounds. Biological activity of the fractions were assessed and further isolation and purification processes have been carried out in the active fraction. Isolation studies were carried out from the MeOH-ex fraction to obtain active constituents and their structures were elucidated to be quercetin-3-O-rhamnoside (quercitrin), quercetin-3-O-galactoside (hyperoside), and quercetin-3-O-arabinoside (guaijaverin). Further in vitro and in vivo assays showed that quercetin derivatives were responsible for the wound-healing activity of the plant, and also found to be significant anti-elastase and anti-collagenase activities. The amounts of three compounds, isolated from active fraction, were determined by using high performance liquid chromatography. Calibration equation was calculated with dilutions, prepared from pure substances, and assay was performed in total extract, prepared from E. characias subsp. wulfenii. It was detected that the plant had 1.22% quercitrin, 0.35% hyperoside, and 0.11% guaijaverin. The validation of the analytical method was performed by linearity, precision, limit of detection, and limit of quantification parameters. CONCLUSION Present study supported the traditional use of the aerial parts E. characias subsp. wulfenii as wound healer and quercetin derivatives were isolated as active components from the active fraction by using bioassay-guided fractionation technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serkan Özbilgin
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, 06100 Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Özlem Bahadır Acıkara
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, 06100 Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Esra Küpeli Akkol
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Etiler, 06330 Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Ipek Süntar
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Etiler, 06330 Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Hikmet Keleş
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, 03200 Afyonkarahisar, Turkey.
| | - Gülçin Saltan İşcan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, 06100 Ankara, Turkey.
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Hegazy MEF, Hamed AR, Ibrahim MAA, Talat Z, Reda EH, Abdel-Azim NS, Hammouda FM, Nakamura S, Matsuda H, Haggag EG, Paré PW, Efferth T. Euphosantianane A⁻D: Antiproliferative Premyrsinane Diterpenoids from the Endemic Egyptian Plant Euphorbia Sanctae-Catharinae. Molecules 2018; 23:E2221. [PMID: 30200407 PMCID: PMC6225227 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23092221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Euphorbia species are rich in diterpenes. A solvent extraction of Euphorbia sanctae-catharinae, a species indigenous to the Southern Sinai of Egypt, afforded several premyrsinane diterpenoids (1⁻4) as well as previously reported metabolites (5⁻13) that included three flavonoids. Isolated compounds were chemically characterized by spectroscopic analysis. Identified compounds were bioassayed for anti-proliferative activity in vitro against colon (Caco-2) and lung (A549) tumor cell lines. Compound 9 exhibited robust anti-proliferative activity against A549 cells (IC50 = 3.3 µM). Absolute configurations for 8 versus 9 were determined by experimental and TDDFT-calculated electronic circular dichorism (ECD) spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed-Elamir F Hegazy
- Chemistry of Medicinal Plants Department, National Research Centre, 33 El-Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Ahmed R Hamed
- Chemistry of Medicinal Plants Department, National Research Centre, 33 El-Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt.
- Biology Unit, Central Laboratory for Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division, National Research Centre, 33 El-Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt.
| | - Mahmoud A A Ibrahim
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt.
| | - Zienab Talat
- Phytochemistry Lab., National Organization for Drug Control and Research, Giza 12622, Egypt.
| | - Eman H Reda
- Phytochemistry Lab., National Organization for Drug Control and Research, Giza 12622, Egypt.
| | - Nahla S Abdel-Azim
- Chemistry of Medicinal Plants Department, National Research Centre, 33 El-Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt.
| | - Faiza M Hammouda
- Chemistry of Medicinal Plants Department, National Research Centre, 33 El-Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt.
| | - Seikou Nakamura
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Misasagi, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8412, Japan.
| | - Hisashi Matsuda
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Misasagi, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8412, Japan.
| | - Eman G Haggag
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Helwan University, Cairo 12622, Egypt.
| | - Paul W Paré
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA.
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
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Sun Y, Gao LL, Tang MY, Feng BM, Pei YH, Yasukawa K. Triterpenoids from Euphorbia maculata and Their Anti-Inflammatory Effects. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23092112. [PMID: 30135395 PMCID: PMC6225269 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23092112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Euphorbia maculata is a medicinal plant of the Euphorbiaceae family, which can produce anti-inflammatory and cancer chemopreventive agents of triterpenoids. The present study reports on the bioactive triterpenoids of this plant. Two new lanostane-type triterpenoids, named (3S,4S,7S,9R)-4-methyl-3,7-dihydroxy-7(8→9) abeo-lanost-24(28)-en-8-one (1) and 24-hydroperoxylanost-7,25-dien-3β-ol (2), together with 15 known triterpene derivatives, were isolated from Euphorbia maculata. The structures of the new compounds were determined on the basis of extensive spectroscopic data (UV, MS, 1H and 13C-NMR, and 2D NMR) analysis. All tetracyclic triterpenoids (1–11) were evaluated for their anti-inflammatory effects in the test of TPA-induced inflammation (1 μg/ear) in mice. The triterpenes exhibited significant anti-inflammatory activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Sun
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
- School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, 7-7-1, Narashinodai, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8555, Japan.
| | - Liang-Liang Gao
- College of Food and Medicine, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, China.
| | - Meng-Yue Tang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
- Pharmacy College, Harbing Medical University, Harbin 150081, China.
| | - Bao-Min Feng
- School of Life and Sciences and Biotechnology, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, China.
| | - Yue-Hu Pei
- Pharmacy College, Harbing Medical University, Harbin 150081, China.
| | - Ken Yasukawa
- School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, 7-7-1, Narashinodai, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8555, Japan.
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11
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Cruz LS, de Oliveira TL, Kanunfre CC, Paludo KS, Minozzo BR, Prestes AP, Wang M, Fernandes D, Santos FAD, Manda VK, Khan SI, Ali Z, de Messias-Reason IJ, Avula B, Khan IA, Beltrame FL. Pharmacokinetics and cytotoxic study of euphol from Euphorbia umbellata (Bruyns) Pax latex. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 47:105-112. [PMID: 30166094 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.04.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medicinal plants are an important source to identify new active pharmaceutical compounds. Traditionally, the sap of Euphorbia umbellata is widely used to treat cancer and inflammatory conditions. These effects have been attributed to the presence of terpenes and phenolic compounds in the extracts of this plant. Euphol, a tetracyclic triterpene alcohol, is one of the major compounds present in Euphorbia species, and some biological activities have been attributed to this compound. PURPOSE This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro cytotoxicity of euphol against Jurkat, HL-60, K-562, B16F10, and HRT-18 cells lines, as well as the biological stability, distribution, metabolism properties in vitro, and the determination of the concentration of euphol in the plasma and liver of rats. METHODS The MTT reduction assay was used to evaluate the cytotoxicity of euphol against cancer cell lines, and the selectivity index, the morphology and cell cycle assays to evaluate the death mechanisms in K-562 and B16F10 lineages. UHPLC-MS was applied for the in vivo evaluation of the concentration of euphol in plasma and liver, and in vitro metabolic stability in human liver microsomes and S9 fraction, plasma protein binding, and stability in simulated gastric and intestinal fluids assays. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that euphol exhibited cytotoxic effects against a variety of cancer cells lines, selectivity against leukemia and possibly, the mechanism involved is apoptosis. The evaluation of stability, distribution, and metabolism properties showed that euphol was unstable in gastric and intestinal fluids, presenting moderate plasma protein binding with two hours elimination half-life and possible phase II liver metabolism. All the results suggested that further studies could be developed to prove the viability of euphol as an anticancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiza S Cruz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of Ponta Grossa, Carlos Cavalcanti Avenue, 4748, Uvaranas, Ponta Grossa, Paraná 84030-900, Brazil
| | - Thais L de Oliveira
- Department of Medical Pathology, Federal University of Parana, General Carneiro Street, 460, Downtown, Curitiba, Paraná 80060-900, Brazil
| | - Carla C Kanunfre
- Department of Structural and Molecular Biology and Genetics, State University of Ponta Grossa, Carlos Cavalcanti Avenue, 4748, Uvaranas, Ponta Grossa, Paraná 84030-900, Brazil
| | - Katia S Paludo
- Department of Structural and Molecular Biology and Genetics, State University of Ponta Grossa, Carlos Cavalcanti Avenue, 4748, Uvaranas, Ponta Grossa, Paraná 84030-900, Brazil
| | - Bruno R Minozzo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of Ponta Grossa, Carlos Cavalcanti Avenue, 4748, Uvaranas, Ponta Grossa, Paraná 84030-900, Brazil
| | - Ana P Prestes
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of Ponta Grossa, Carlos Cavalcanti Avenue, 4748, Uvaranas, Ponta Grossa, Paraná 84030-900, Brazil
| | - Mei Wang
- National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, MS 38677, USA
| | - Daniel Fernandes
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of Ponta Grossa, Carlos Cavalcanti Avenue, 4748, Uvaranas, Ponta Grossa, Paraná 84030-900, Brazil
| | - Fábio A Dos Santos
- Department of Dendistry, State University of Ponta Grossa, Carlos Cavalcanti Avenue, 4748, Uvaranas, Ponta Grossa, Paraná 84030-900, Brazil
| | - Vamshi K Manda
- National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, MS 38677, USA
| | - Shabana I Khan
- National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, MS 38677, USA
| | - Zulfiqar Ali
- National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, MS 38677, USA
| | - Iara J de Messias-Reason
- Department of Medical Pathology, Federal University of Parana, General Carneiro Street, 460, Downtown, Curitiba, Paraná 80060-900, Brazil
| | - Bharathi Avula
- National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, MS 38677, USA
| | - Ikhlas A Khan
- National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, MS 38677, USA
| | - Flávio L Beltrame
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of Ponta Grossa, Carlos Cavalcanti Avenue, 4748, Uvaranas, Ponta Grossa, Paraná 84030-900, Brazil.
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12
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Lou JW, Cao LL, Zhang Q, Jiang DJ, Yao WF, Bao BH, Cao YD, Tang YP, Zhang L, Wang K, Dai GC. The toxicity and efficacy evaluation of different fractions of Kansui fry-baked with vinegar on Walker-256 tumor-bearing malignant ascites effusion rats and normal rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 219:257-268. [PMID: 29559373 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Kansui, the root of Euphorbia kansui S.L.Liou ex S.B.Ho (E.kansui), is a classical traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) with certain toxicity. According to the theory of TCM, kansui fry-baked wtith vinegar (VEK) possesses low toxicity and mild diuretic and purgative efficacy. In clinical practice, it is commonly used for the treatmtablent of ascites and oliguria. The present study aimed to evaluate the toxicity and efficacy of different fractions of VEK and reveal the underlying material basis by employing an animal model of malignant ascites effusion (MAE) in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODSTA The MAE rats as the model were constructed in SPF male wistar rats by intraperitoneal injection of Walker-256 tumor cells. The MAE rats were used and randomly divided into the control group (normal rats), control groups with different fractions (VEKA, VEKB, VEKC and VEKD), model group (MAE rats), positive control group (model group with furosemide), model groups with different fractions (VEKA, VEKB, VEKC and VEKD). Histopathological observation was used to confirm Walker-256 tumor-bearing organ injuries in rats. For the efficacy evaluation, the ascites and urine volumes, the urinary electrolyte concentrations (Na+, K+ and Cl-) and pH, the ascites levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-2, IL-6, TNF-α, IFN-γ and VEGF), PRA, the serum levels of Ang II, ALD and ADH, as well as AQP8 protein expression in the gastrointestinal tract were detected. Furthermore, different levels of indicators were measured in the toxicity evaluation of different fractions both on normal and model rats, including serum liver enzymes (AST and ALT), serum oxidative damage parameters (GSH, MDA, LDH and SOD), expressions of inflammatory parameters (NF-κB, ICAM-1 and E-cadherin) and apoptosis signals (caspase-3, -8, -9, Bcl-2 and Bax) in the liver and gastrointestinal tract. RESULTS Walker-256 tumor-bearing malignant ascites effusion rats showed obvious hepatic and gastrointestinal injuries by histopathological observation. In the efficacy evaluation, model rats treated with VEKB and VEKC showed significant urine increase (VEKB, P < 0.01; VEKC, P < 0.01) and ascites reduction (VEKB, P < 0.01; VEKC, P < 0.01). These two fractions also balanced the concentrations of Na+, K+ and Cl- in urine (VEKB, all P < 0.05; VEKC, all P < 0.05), remarkably decreased urinary pH (VEKB, P < 0.01; VEKC, P < 0.01), and reduced the ascites levels of IL-2, IL-6, TNF-α, IFN-γ and VEGF (VEKB, all P < 0.01; VEKC, all P < 0.01) in the model rats. Moreover, levels of PRA, the serum Ang II, ALD and ADH of model rats were decreased after treated by VEKB and VEKC (VEKB, all P < 0.05; VEKC, all P < 0.05). Meanwhile, the expression of gastrointestinal AQP8 of the model rats was also enhanced after treated by VEKB and VEKC (VEKB, P < 0.01; VEKC, P < 0.01). In the toxicity evaluation, although VEKB and VEKC caused toxic indexes moved to the worse aspects in normal rats, nearly all of these indicators notably improved in the model rats. Additionally, VEKA showed no effect on the indicators, either in the efficacy evaluation or in the toxicity evaluation. And VEKD could significantly improve some indicators (urine volume, concentration of K+ in urine, serum MDA, AI and caspase-9) in MAE rats. CONCLUSIONS VEKB and VEKC were demonstrated a significant efficacy in treating malignant ascites effusion, which could reduce hepatic and gastrointestinal damage on the model rats but cause the same damage to the normal. These data embody the traditional Chinese medicine application principle: You Gu Wu Yun. And these results will provide reference for the safer and better clinical utilization of kansui.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Wei Lou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine and Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Liang-Liang Cao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine and Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210001, China
| | - Qiao Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine and Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Dong-Jing Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine and Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wei-Feng Yao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine and Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Bei-Hua Bao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine and Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yu-Dan Cao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine and Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yu-Ping Tang
- College of Pharmacy and Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 712046, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine and Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Kun Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine and Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Guan-Cheng Dai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine and Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
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13
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Hou JJ, Shen Y, Yang Z, Fang L, Cai LY, Yao S, Long HL, Wu WY, Guo DA. Anti-proliferation activity of terpenoids isolated from Euphorbia kansui in human cancer cells and their structure-activity relationship. Chin J Nat Med 2018; 15:766-774. [PMID: 29103462 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(17)30108-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Euphorbia kansui is a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of edema, pleural effusion, and asthma, etc. According to the previous researches, terpenoids in E. kansui possess various biological activities, e.g., anti-virus, anti-allergy, antitumor effects. In this work, twenty five terpenoids were isolated from E. kansui, including thirteen ingenane- and eight jatrophane-type diterpenoids (with two new compounds, kansuinin P and Q) and four triterpenoids. Eighteen of them were analyzed by MTS assay for in vitro anticancer activity in five human cancer cell lines. Structure-activity relationship for 12 ingenane-type diterpenoids in colorectal cancer Colo205 cells were preliminary studied. Significant anti-proliferation activities were observed in human melanoma cells breast cancer MDA-MB-435 cells and Colo205 cells. More than half of the isolated ingenane-type diterpenoids showed inhibitory activities in MDA-MB-435 cells. Eight ingenane- and one jatrophane-type diterpenoids possessed much lower IC50 values in MDA-MB-435 cells than positive control staurosporine. Preliminary structure-activity relationship analysis showed that substituent on position 20 was important for the activity of ingenane-type diterpenoids in Colo205 cells and substituent on position 3 contributed more significant biological activity of the compounds than that on position 5 in both MDA-MB-435 and Colo205 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Jun Hou
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Haike Road 501, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yao Shen
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Haike Road 501, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhou Yang
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Haike Road 501, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Lin Fang
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Haike Road 501, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Lu-Ying Cai
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Haike Road 501, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Shuai Yao
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Haike Road 501, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hua-Li Long
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Haike Road 501, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wan-Ying Wu
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Haike Road 501, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - De-An Guo
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Haike Road 501, Shanghai 201203, China.
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14
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Silva VAO, Rosa MN, Tansini A, Oliveira RJS, Martinho O, Lima JP, Pianowski LF, Reis RM. In vitro screening of cytotoxic activity of euphol from Euphorbia tirucalli on a large panel of human cancer-derived cell lines. Exp Ther Med 2018; 16:557-566. [PMID: 30112023 PMCID: PMC6090420 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A large number of classic antineoplastic agents are derived from plants. Euphorbia tirucalli L. (Euphorbiaceae) is a subtropical and tropical plant, used in Brazilian folk medicine against many diseases, including cancer, yet little is known about its true anticancer properties. The present study evaluated the antitumor effect of the tetracyclic triterpene alcohol, euphol, the main constituent of E. tirucalli in a panel of 73 human cancer lines from 15 tumor types. The biological effect of euphol in pancreatic cells was also assessed. The combination index was further used to explore euphol interactions with standard drugs. Euphol showed a cytotoxicity effect against several cancer cell lines (IC50 range, 1.41–38.89 µM), particularly in esophageal squamous cell (11.08 µM) and pancreatic carcinoma cells (6.84 µM), followed by prostate, melanoma, and colon cancer. Cytotoxicity effects were seen in all cancer cell lines, with more than half deemed highly sensitive. Euphol inhibited proliferation, motility and colony formation in pancreatic cancer cells. Importantly, euphol exhibited synergistic interactions with gemcitabine and paclitaxel in pancreatic and esophageal cell lines, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, this study constitutes the largest in vitro screening of euphol efficacy on cancer cell lines and revealed its in vitro anti-cancer properties, particularly in pancreatic and esophageal cell lines, suggesting that euphol, either as a single agent or in combination with conventional chemotherapy, is a potential anti-cancer drug.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcela Nunes Rosa
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, SP 14784 400, Brazil
| | - Aline Tansini
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, SP 14784 400, Brazil
| | - Renato J S Oliveira
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, SP 14784 400, Brazil
| | - Olga Martinho
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, SP 14784 400, Brazil.,Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga 4710-057, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães 4806-909, Portugal
| | - João Paulo Lima
- Medical Oncology Department, AC Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, SP 01509-010, Brazil
| | - Luiz F Pianowski
- Kyolab Laboratório de Pesquisa Farmacêutica Ltda, Valinhos, SP 13273-105, Brazil
| | - Rui M Reis
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, SP 14784 400, Brazil.,Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga 4710-057, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães 4806-909, Portugal
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15
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Chaturonrutsamee S, Kuhakarn C, Surawatanawong P, Prabpai S, Kongsaeree P, Jaipetch T, Piyachaturawat P, Jariyawat S, Akkarawongsapat R, Suksen K, Limthongkul J, Napaswad C, Nuntasaen N, Reutrakul V. Polycyclic polyprenylated acylphloroglucinols and biphenyl derivatives from the roots of Garcinia nuntasaenii Ngerns. & Suddee. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2018; 146:63-74. [PMID: 29247893 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Seven previously undescribed compounds, including three polycyclic polyprenylated acylphloroglucinols (garcinuntins A-C), three biphenyl derivatives (garcinuntabiphenyls A-C) and a lanostane triterpene (garcinuntine), along with thirteen known compounds were isolated from the root of Garcinia nuntasaenii Ngerns. & Suddee. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic techniques. For garcinuntins A-C, the absolute configurations were confirmed by the combination of single X-ray crystallography and ECD calculations. Anti-HIV activity using anti-HIV-1 reverse transcriptase and syncytium inhibition assays, and cytotoxic activity against a panel of cultured mammalian cancer cell lines of isolated compounds were investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suppisak Chaturonrutsamee
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH-CIC), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; Research and Development Department, International Laboratories Corp., Ltd., Bang Phli, Samut Prakan 10540, Thailand
| | - Chutima Kuhakarn
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH-CIC), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Panida Surawatanawong
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH-CIC), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Samran Prabpai
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH-CIC), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Palangpon Kongsaeree
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH-CIC), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Thaworn Jaipetch
- Mahidol University, Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH-CIC), Kanchanaburi Campus, Saiyok, Kanchanaburi 71150, Thailand
| | - Pawinee Piyachaturawat
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Surawat Jariyawat
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Radeekorn Akkarawongsapat
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Kanoknetr Suksen
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Jitra Limthongkul
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Chanita Napaswad
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Narong Nuntasaen
- The Forest Herbarium, Department of National Parks, Wildlife and Plant Conservation, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Vichai Reutrakul
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH-CIC), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
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16
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Luz LEC, Kanunfre CC, Paludo KS, da Silva Justo A, Petry VK, Lemes BM, Barison A, Nepel A, Wang M, Avula B, Khan IA, Beltrame FL. Cytotoxic biomonitored study of Euphorbia umbellata (Pax) Bruyns. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 183:29-37. [PMID: 26906968 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Revised: 01/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Euphorbia umbellata latex (sap) has normally been used in folk medicine in southern Brazil to treat different types of cancers. AIM OF STUDY To carry out a biomonitored investigation of partitioned latex using in vitro assay, to identify the main mechanisms related with the action of the most active fraction as well as to develop a phytochemical study with this material. MATERIALS AND METHODS Biological screening was performed with hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol fractions from the latex of E. umbellata using MTT, trypan blue, and neutral red assays to determine the cytotoxicity against HRT-18, HeLa and Jurkat cells and flow cytometry, DNA quantification, acridine orange and Hoechst 33342 staining to investigate mechanisms of action for the hexane extract. The phytochemical study of the hexane fraction was performed by chromatographic procedures and the substances were identified by NMR analysis. The isolated terpenes were evaluated using MTT to determine the cytotoxicity against Jurkat cells. RESULTS All the fractions presented concentration and time dependent cytotoxicity. The hexane fraction showed the highest cytotoxicity; whereas the Jurkat cell was the lineage with the highest sensitivity (IC50 1.87µg/mL). Fragmentation of DNA and apoptosis are two mechanisms related with the toxicity of hexane fraction. The hexane fraction arrested the cell cycle in the G0/G1 phase, and the selectivity index was 4.30. Phytochemical study of the hexane fraction led to isolation of euphol (main compound) and germanicol acetate. Both substances demonstrated some slight cytotoxic activity against Jurkat cells after 72h; however the activity was minimal compared to vincristine (anticancer standard drug). CONCLUSION The current research proves that the fractions of the latex from E. umbellata have a cytotoxic effect against three different cancer cells lines. The hexane fraction showed high in vitro cytotoxic effects against Jurkat cells demonstrating that the effect may be due to non-polar constituents. The two isolated terpenes (euphol and germanicol acetate) showed poor cytotoxic activity indicating that the anticancer properties of the extract may be caused by other substances present in the hexane fraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lívia Eidam Camargo Luz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Katia Sabrina Paludo
- Department of General Biology, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
| | - Aline da Silva Justo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
| | - Victor Kubaski Petry
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
| | - Bruna Mikulis Lemes
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
| | - Andersson Barison
- Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Centre, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Angelita Nepel
- Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Centre, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Mei Wang
- National Centre for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA
| | - Bharathi Avula
- National Centre for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA
| | - Ikhlas Ahmad Khan
- National Centre for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA; Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA
| | - Flávio Luís Beltrame
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil.
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17
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MA H, YANG S, LU H, ZHANG Y. Bioassay-guided Separation of Anti-tumor Components from Euphorbia kansui by Means of Two-dimensional Preparative High Performance Liquid Chromatography and Real-time Cell Analysis. ANAL SCI 2016; 32:581-6. [DOI: 10.2116/analsci.32.581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hong MA
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University
| | - Shanshan YANG
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University
| | - Hong LU
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University
| | - Yaozhou ZHANG
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University
- Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine
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18
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Gao J, Gao L, Zhang L, Yao W, Cao Y, Bao B, Ding A. 3-O-(2'E,4'Z-decadienoyl)-20-O-acetylingenol induces apoptosis in intestinal epithelial cells of rats via mitochondrial pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 174:331-338. [PMID: 26318745 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Revised: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Euphorbia kansui is a traditional Chinese medicine widely used for the treatment of edema, ascite and asthma in China for centuries. However, its serious gastrointestinal toxicity restricted its safe clinical application. 3-O-(2'E,4'Z-decadienoyl)-20-O-acetylingenol (3EZ,20Ac-ingenol), a diterpenoid compound derived from kansui, has obvious gastrointestinal cytotoxicity in cells. Until now, its gastrointestinal cytotoxic mechanism is mostly unknown. This study focused on elucidating the cytotoxic mechanism of 3EZ,20Ac-ingenol in intestinal epithelial cells of rats (IEC-6 cells) to guide safer application of this herb in clinic. MATERIALS AND METHODS 3EZ,20Ac-ingenol was isolated from the EtOAc extract of kansui. Cell morphology was detected by inverted phase contrast microscope and transmission electron microscope (TEM). Cell apoptosis was examined by Annexin V-FITC/PI dual-staining or Hoechst staining. ROS generation was detected with DCFH-DA staining by laser scanning confocal microscope. MMP change was examined with JC-1 staining by high content screening (HCS). Further, the release of cytochrome c, the expressions of Bax, Bcl-2, AIF and Apaf-1 were analyzed by western blot and the activities of caspase-3, 8, 9 were determined by ELISA. Additionally, cell cycle analysis was performed to detect the effects of 3EZ,20Ac-ingenol on cell cycle in IEC-6 cells by flow cytometry. RESULTS The study showed that 3EZ,20Ac-ingenol significantly reduced IEC-6 cells viability in a dose-dependent manner and the IC50 value was 5.74 μg/mL. Consistently, 3EZ,20Ac-ingenol could elevate reactive oxygen species (ROS), disrupt mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), induce the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria to cytosol, enhance the expressions of Bax, AIF and Apaf-1, suppress the expression of Bcl-2, then activate caspase-3, 8, 9 cascade, and subsequently result in apoptosis. Additionally, 3EZ,20Ac-ingenol also could cause G2/M phase arrest in IEC-6 cells. CONCLUSIONS The results indicated that 3EZ,20Ac-ingenol induced the cytotoxicity of IEC-6 cells depends on induction of cell apoptosis via mitochondrial pathway and cell cycle arrest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Gao
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Lan Gao
- Nanjing Jiangning Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Teaching Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 211100, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Weifeng Yao
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yudan Cao
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Beihua Bao
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Anwei Ding
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing 210023, China.
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Dutra R, Bicca M, Segat G, Silva K, Motta E, Pianowski L, Costa R, Calixto J. The antinociceptive effects of the tetracyclic triterpene euphol in inflammatory and neuropathic pain models: The potential role of PKCε. Neuroscience 2015; 303:126-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.06.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Revised: 06/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Kikuchi T, Ishii K, Ogihara E, Zhang J, Ukiya M, Tokuda H, Iida T, Tanaka R, Akihisa T. Cytotoxic and Apoptosis-Inducing Activities, and Anti-Tumor-Promoting Effects of Cyanogenated and Oxygenated Triterpenes. Chem Biodivers 2014; 11:491-504. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201300395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Xie X, Li Y, Gao D, Zhang Y, Ren Y. Quantitative determination of euphol in rat plasma by LC-MS/MS and its application to a pharmacokinetic study. Biomed Chromatogr 2014; 28:1229-34. [PMID: 25237707 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xu Xie
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery; The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University; Dalian 116011 People's Republic of China
| | - Yongning Li
- Department of Emergency; The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University; Dalian 116011 People's Republic of China
| | - Dongna Gao
- Department of Emergency; The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University; Dalian 116011 People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Emergency; The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University; Dalian 116011 People's Republic of China
| | - Yanbo Ren
- Department of Emergency; The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University; Dalian 116011 People's Republic of China
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Maru GB, Gandhi K, Ramchandani A, Kumar G. The Role of Inflammation in Skin Cancer. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2014; 816:437-69. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-0348-0837-8_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Zhang H, Guo ZJ, Xu WM, You XJ, Han L, Han YX, Dai LJ. Antitumor effect and mechanism of an ellagic acid derivative on the HepG2 human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line. Oncol Lett 2013; 7:525-530. [PMID: 24396481 PMCID: PMC3881749 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2013.1740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, to identify the effective components of Chinese traditional herbs, Euphorbia hylonoma Hand.-Mazz. (Euphorbiaceae), a folk herb that has been used among the Qinling mountain area for hundreds of years, was investigated. 3,3′-Di-O-methyl ellagic acid-4′-O-β-d-xylopyranoside (JNE2), an ellagic acid derivative, was isolated from the acetone extract of the herb and its antitumor activity against human hepatoma HepG2 cells was detected in vitro. The results showed that JNE2 inhibited the proliferation of HepG2 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner and blocked the cell cycle at the G1/S phase. A high dosage of JNE2 induced apoptosis of the tumor cells, but no significant differences were identified between the treatment groups. The invasiveness of HepG2 cells was also inhibited by JNE2. The mechanism of the antitumor effect of JNE2 at the molecular level was presumed to be due to the upregulation of the protein expression of Bax and caspase-3, and the downregulation of the protein expression of Bcl-2 and CCND1. The results suggested that JNE2 is a potential antitumor agent that merits further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Zeng-Jun Guo
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Ming Xu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Juan You
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Ling Han
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Xia Han
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Liu-Jiang Dai
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
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de Oliveira TL, Munhoz ACM, Lemes BM, Minozzo BR, Nepel A, Barison A, Fávero GM, Campagnoli EB, Beltrame FL. Antitumoural effect of Synadenium grantii Hook f. (Euphorbiaceae) latex. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 150:263-269. [PMID: 24008110 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Revised: 08/04/2013] [Accepted: 08/16/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Synadenium grantii Hook f. has traditionally been used to treat various neoplastic diseases in southern Brazil. AIM OF STUDY Evaluation of the antitumoural potential of Synadenium grantii latex against B16F10 melanoma cell line using in vitro and in vivo models, as well as a phytochemical study of the latex. MATERIALS AND METHODS The in vitro antitumoural activity was performed using MTT and trypan blue assays with different latex concentrations (1.7 µg-7.0 µg/well and 1.22 mg-4.88 mg/well). Flow cytometry was used to determine the progression of the cell cycle. The in vivo activity was performed by subcutaneously injecting melanoma cells in the dorsum of C57BL6 mice, followed by treating the mice with a popular form of use of the latex (garrafada) administered orally. After sacrificing the animals, histological analysis of the organs was performed by hematoxylin-eosin staining. The phytochemical study of the latex was performed by NMR and chromatographic procedures and the extracts and isolated substances were evaluated by IR, 1D and 2D NMR analysis. RESULTS The Synadenium grantii latex exhibited decreased cell viability of the melanoma line in a concentration and time-dependent manner, and also cell cycle arrest in the S-G2/M phase. The latex caused a 40% reduction in the volume of tumours of the mice with melanomas. Histological examination of the organs of these animals showed no differences between groups. The phytochemical investigation resulted in the isolation and identification of triterpene euphol and the steroid citrostadienol, which were tested against the strain of melanoma. Euphol showed no antitumoural activity, while the steroid citrostadienol showed reduced cytotoxic activity. CONCLUSION The Synadenium grantii latex presented in vitro and in vivo cytotoxic effects with antitumoural activity against B16F10 melanoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thais Latansio de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, State University of Ponta Grossa, General Carlos Cavalcanti Avenue 4748, Ponta Grossa 84030-900, Paraná, Brazil
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Wang L, Wang G, Yang D, Guo X, Xu Y, Feng B, Kang J. Euphol arrests breast cancer cells at the G1 phase through the modulation of cyclin D1, p21 and p27 expression. Mol Med Rep 2013; 8:1279-85. [PMID: 23969579 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2013.1650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Euphorbia tirucalli is a long‑established treatment for a wide variety of cancers. However, the mechanism of its anticancer effect is yet to be elucidated. In the present study, we examined the anticancer effect of euphol, a tetracyclic triterpene alcohol isolated from the sap of Euphorbia tirucalli, in T47D human breast cancer cells. Following the treatment of cells with different doses of euphol for 24, 48 and 72 h, the cell proliferation, cell cycle, and mRNA and protein levels of cell cycle regulatory molecules were analyzed, respectively. Treatment of the cells with euphol resulted in decreased cell viability, which was accompanied by an accumulation of cells in the G1 phase. Further studies demonstrated that euphol treatment downregulated cyclin D1 expression and the hypophosphorylation of Rb. Furthermore, this effect was correlated with the downregulation of cyclin‑dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) expression and the upregulation of the CDK inhibitors p21 and p27. Reduced expression levels of cyclin A and B1 were also observed, corresponding to the decreased distribution of cells in the S and G2/M phases, respectively. These findings indicated that euphol is an active agent in Euphorbia tirucalli that exerts anticancer activity by arresting the cell cycle of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Yangpu, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
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Euphorbia kansui roots induced-diarrhea in mice correlates with inflammatory response. Chin J Nat Med 2013; 11:231-9. [DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(13)60021-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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The role of PKC/ERK1/2 signaling in the anti-inflammatory effect of tetracyclic triterpene euphol on TPA-induced skin inflammation in mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2013; 698:413-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2012.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2012] [Revised: 10/04/2012] [Accepted: 10/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Lin MW, Lin AS, Wu DC, Wang SSW, Chang FR, Wu YC, Huang YB. Euphol from Euphorbia tirucalli selectively inhibits human gastric cancer cell growth through the induction of ERK1/2-mediated apoptosis. Food Chem Toxicol 2012; 50:4333-9. [PMID: 22634261 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2011] [Revised: 04/09/2012] [Accepted: 05/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Gastric cancer is one of the most common malignancies worldwide, and the main cause of cancer-related death in Asia. The present study assessed the anticancer effects of euphol, a triterpene alcohol with anti-inflammatory and antiviral activities on human gastric cancer cells. Euphol showed higher cytotoxicity activity against human gastric CS12 cancer cells than against noncancer CSN cells. In addition, it up-regulated the pro-apoptotic protein BAX and down-regulated the prosurvival protein Bcl-2, causing mitochondrial dysfunction, possibly by caspase-3 activation. The anti-proliferative effects of euphol were associated with the increased p27(kip1) levels and decreased cyclin B1 levels. Inhibition of ERK1/2 activation by PD98059 reversed euphol-induced pro-apoptotic protein expression and cell death. Taken together, these findings suggest that euphol selectively induced gastric cancer cells apoptosis by modulation of ERK signaling, and could thus be of value for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Wei Lin
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan, ROC
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Dutra RC, Simão da Silva KAB, Bento AF, Marcon R, Paszcuk AF, Meotti FC, Pianowski LF, Calixto JB. Euphol, a tetracyclic triterpene produces antinociceptive effects in inflammatory and neuropathic pain: the involvement of cannabinoid system. Neuropharmacology 2012; 63:593-605. [PMID: 22613837 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2012.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2012] [Revised: 04/16/2012] [Accepted: 05/10/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Persistent pains associated with inflammatory and neuropathic states are prevalent and debilitating diseases, which still remain without a safe and adequate treatment. Euphol, an alcohol tetracyclic triterpene, has a wide range of pharmacological properties and is considered to have anti-inflammatory action. Here, we assessed the effects and the underlying mechanisms of action of euphol in preventing inflammatory and neuropathic pain. Oral treatment with euphol (30 and 100 mg/kg) reduced carrageenan-induced mechanical hyperalgesia. Likewise, euphol given through the spinal and intracerebroventricular routes prevented mechanical hyperalgesia induced by carrageenan. Euphol consistently blocked the mechanical hyperalgesia induced by complete Freund's adjuvant, keratinocyte-derived chemokine, interleukin-1β, interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha associated with the suppression of myeloperoxidase activity in the mouse paw. Oral treatment with euphol was also effective in preventing the mechanical nociceptive response induced by ligation of the sciatic nerve and also significantly reduced the levels and mRNA of cytokines/chemokines in both paw and spinal cord tissues following i.pl. injection of complete Freund's adjuvant. In addition, the pre-treatment with either CB₁R or CB₂R antagonists, as well as the knockdown gene of the CB₁R and CB₂R, significantly reversed the antinociceptive effect of euphol. Interestingly, even in higher doses, euphol did not cause any relevant action in the central nervous system. Considering that few drugs are currently available for the treatment of chronic pain states, the present results provided evidence that euphol constitutes a promising molecule for the management of inflammatory and neuropathic pain states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Cypriano Dutra
- Department of Pharmacology, Centre of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
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Man S, Gao W, Wei C, Liu C. Anticancer drugs from traditional toxic Chinese medicines. Phytother Res 2012; 26:1449-65. [PMID: 22389143 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.4609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2011] [Revised: 12/12/2011] [Accepted: 12/19/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Many anticancer drugs are obtained from natural sources. Nature produces a variety of toxic compounds, which are often used as anticancer drugs. Up to now, there are at least 120 species of poisonous botanicals, animals and minerals, of which more than half have been found to possess significant anticancer properties. In spite of their clinical toxicity, they exhibit pharmacological effects and have been used as important traditional Chinese medicines for the different stages of cancer. The article reviews many structures such as alkaloids of Camptotheca acuminata, Catharanthus roseus and Cephalotaxus fortunei, lignans of Dysosma versipellis and Podophyllum emodi, ketones of Garcinia hanburyi, terpenoids of Mylabris and Ginkgo biloba, diterpenoids of Tripterygium wilfordii, Euphorbia fischeriana, Euphorbia lathyris, Euphorbia kansui, Daphne genkwa, Pseudolarix kaempferi and Brucea javanica, triterpenoids of Melia toosendan, steroids of Periploca sepium, Paris polyphylla and Venenum Bufonis, and arsenic compounds including Arsenicum and Realgar. By comparing their related phytochemistry, toxic effects and the recent advances in understanding the mechanisms of action, this review puts forward some ideals and examples about how to increase antitumour activity and/or reduce the side effects experienced with Chinese medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuli Man
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, (Tianjin University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300457, PR China
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Euphol prevents experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in mice: Evidence for the underlying mechanisms. Biochem Pharmacol 2012; 83:531-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2011.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2011] [Revised: 11/22/2011] [Accepted: 11/23/2011] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Guo C, Wang JS, Zhang Y, Yang L, Wang PR, Kong LY. Relationship of Chemical Structure to in Vitro Anti-inflammatory Activity of Tirucallane Triterpenoids from the Stem Barks of Aphanamixis grandifolia. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2012; 60:1003-10. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c12-00252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University
| | - Jun-Song Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University
| | - Yao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University
| | - Lei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University
| | - Peng-Ran Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University
| | - Ling-Yi Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University
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Galvez-Llompart M, Zanni R, García-Domenech R. Modeling natural anti-inflammatory compounds by molecular topology. Int J Mol Sci 2011; 12:9481-503. [PMID: 22272145 PMCID: PMC3257142 DOI: 10.3390/ijms12129481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2011] [Revised: 12/08/2011] [Accepted: 12/09/2011] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the main pharmacological problems today in the treatment of chronic inflammation diseases consists of the fact that anti-inflammatory drugs usually exhibit side effects. The natural products offer a great hope in the identification of bioactive lead compounds and their development into drugs for treating inflammatory diseases. Computer-aided drug design has proved to be a very useful tool for discovering new drugs and, specifically, Molecular Topology has become a good technique for such a goal. A topological-mathematical model, obtained by linear discriminant analysis, has been developed for the search of new anti-inflammatory natural compounds. An external validation obtained with the remaining compounds (those not used in building up the model), has been carried out. Finally, a virtual screening on natural products was performed and 74 compounds showed actual anti-inflammatory activity. From them, 54 had been previously described as anti-inflammatory in the literature. This can be seen as a plus in the model validation and as a reinforcement of the role of Molecular Topology as an efficient tool for the discovery of new anti-inflammatory natural compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Galvez-Llompart
- Molecular Connectivity & Drug Design Research Unit, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Avenida V.A. Estelles s/n, Burjasot, Valencia 46100, Spain; E-Mails: (M.G.-L.); (R.Z.)
| | - Riccardo Zanni
- Molecular Connectivity & Drug Design Research Unit, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Avenida V.A. Estelles s/n, Burjasot, Valencia 46100, Spain; E-Mails: (M.G.-L.); (R.Z.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio, Bologna 48-40126, Italy
| | - Ramón García-Domenech
- Molecular Connectivity & Drug Design Research Unit, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Avenida V.A. Estelles s/n, Burjasot, Valencia 46100, Spain; E-Mails: (M.G.-L.); (R.Z.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +34-963544291; Fax: +34-963544892
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Hsieh WT, Lin HY, Chen JH, Kuo YH, Fan MJ, Wu RSC, Wu KC, Wood WG, Chung JG. Latex of Euphorbia antiquorum induces apoptosis in human cervical cancer cells via c-jun n-terminal kinase activation and reactive oxygen species production. Nutr Cancer 2011; 63:1339-47. [PMID: 22044063 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2011.608481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Latex of Euphorbia antiquorum (EA) has inhibitory effects on several different cancer cell lines. However, the molecular mechanism of EA inhibitory effects on human cervical cancer HeLa cell growth has not been explored. EA induced apoptosis, which was characterized by morphological change, DNA fragmentation, increased sub-G1 population, and alterations in levels of apoptosis-associated proteins. Treatment with EA increased cell death and expression levels of caspase-8, -9, and -3. EA suppressed expression of Bcl-2, increased Bax, and reduced cleavage of Bid and the translocation of tBid to the mitochondria and the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria. EA caused a loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) and an increase in cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). EA-induced ROS formation was suppressed by cyclosporine A (an inhibitor of the ΔΨm) or allopurinol (an effective scavenger of ROS). EA also increased expression of Fas, FasL, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), p38, and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and decreased expression of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2-p. Co-treatment with the JNK inhibitor SP600125 inhibited EA-induced apoptosis and the activation of caspase-8, -9, and -3. Results of this study provide support for the hypothesis that EA causes cell death via apoptotic pathways in human cervical adenocarcinoma HeLa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Tsong Hsieh
- Department of Pharmacology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Sanz-Biset J, Cañigueral S. Plant use in the medicinal practices known as "strict diets" in Chazuta valley (Peruvian Amazon). JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2011; 137:271-288. [PMID: 21627986 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2011.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2011] [Revised: 04/04/2011] [Accepted: 05/14/2011] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY Strict diets are traditional medicinal practices where plant remedies are consumed with nearly fasting and with some sort of social seclusion. The aim of this work was to describe these practices of Chazuta and the use of plants within, as well as to analyse the possible functions of the last. MATERIAL AND METHODS The information was obtained through interviews to the 6.3% of the district rural adult population (140 individuals, 75% of which was considered Quechua). RESULTS In total, 122 strict diets were recorded and 106 different plant species were reported to be used. Strict diets present a characteristic structure and plant use. The main effects reported in strict diets were antinflammatory, antiinfective, brain function alteration and depuration. CONCLUSIONS Strict diets are well structured traditional medicinal practices, also with a symbolic significance in the life cycle of chazutian men. Plants used in strict diets can contribute to the main effects through antinflammation, antiinfective actions, psychoactivity and depurative related activities. The correlation between literature evidence of activity of most used plants and effects reported for the correspondent diet (i.e. in which the plant was used) are 36% for antinflammatory activity, 29% for antimicrobial activity, 18% for psychoactivity and 5% for depurative related activities. The percentages go to 77%, 64%, 73% and 32%, respectively, when literature evidences on related taxa are also considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaume Sanz-Biset
- Unitat de Farmacologia i Farmacognòsia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal, 643, E-08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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Amirghofran Z, Malek-hosseini S, Gholmoghaddam H, Kalalinia F. Inhibition of tumor cells growth and stimulation of lymphocytes byEuphorbiaspecies. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2010; 33:34-42. [DOI: 10.3109/08923971003699018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Yu F, Lu S, Yu F, Shi J, McGuire PM, Wang R. Cytotoxic activity of an octadecenoic acid extract from Euphorbia kansui (Euphorbiaceae) on human tumour cell strains. J Pharm Pharmacol 2010; 60:253-9. [DOI: 10.1211/jpp.60.2.0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
We have investigated the cytotoxic and antitumour activity of an octadecenoic acid extract, mainly containing oleic and linoleic acids, from Euphorbia kansui on human gastric (SGC-7901), hepatocellular carcinoma (BEL-7402), and leukaemia (HL-60) tumour cell strains. Significant and dose-dependent antiproliferation effects were observed on tumour cells from the dose of 3.2 μg mL−1, which were comparable with or better than those of the common antitumour agent 5-fluorouracil. Results from the clone formation assay and flow cytometry indicated that the mixture of octadecenoic acids resulted in a dose-dependent reduction in the number of tumour cells and significantly inhibited cell proliferation, with induced apoptosis and G0/G1 phase cell cycle arrest. Also, the octadecenoic acids could not only cause cell apoptosis/necrosis but also functionally and structurally damage the tumour cell membrane and cell ultra-structures. These observations encourage further clinical evaluation of the inhibitory effects of octadecenoic acids on various forms of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farong Yu
- School of Public Security, Gansu Institute of Political Science and Law, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Shunqing Lu
- Institute of Biodiversity, Huangshan University, Huangshan 610041, China
| | - Fahong Yu
- ICBR, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Junnian Shi
- School of Public Security, Gansu Institute of Political Science and Law, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Peter M McGuire
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Rui Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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Yasukawa K, Iida T, Fujimoto Y. Relative inhibitory activity of bile acids against 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-induced inflammation, and chenodeoxycholic acid inhibition of tumour promotion in mouse skin two-stage carcinogenesis. J Pharm Pharmacol 2010. [DOI: 10.1211/jpp.61.08.0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
Bile acids are present in Bezoar Bovis and Fel Ursi, traditionally used as antipyretics and antispasmodics. However the anti-inflammatory activity of individual bile acids and related compounds has not yet been investigated. In this paper, we report the structure–activity relationships influencing the anti-inflammatory activity of a variety of structurally different bile acid derivatives and also the inhibitory activity of chenodeoxy-cholic acid against tumour promotion.
Methods
Fifty derivatives of bile acids were examined for their inhibitory activity against the induction of oedema in mouse ear by application of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA). Also, the effect of chenodeoxycholic acid was studied in mouse skin in which tumours had been induced by topical application of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) and promoted by TPA.
Key findings
Many bile acid derivatives had an inhibitory effect against TPA-induced ear oedema at a similar grade to that of indometacin. Chenodeoxycholic acid, methyl 3α,7α,15α-trihydroxy-5β-cholan-24-oate and methyl 3α,7α,15β-trihydroxy-5β-cholan-24-oate showed the most potent activity with an ID50 value of 71–110 nmol/ear, a level corresponding to that of hydrocortisone (69 nmol/ear). Furthermore, chenodeoxycholic acid markedly suppressed tumour-promoting activity by TPA following initiation by DMBA in mouse skin.
Conclusions
This is the first report on the anti-inflammatory activity of bile acids on TPA-induced inflammatory ear oedema in mice. Chenodeoxycholic acid, methyl 3α,7α,15α-trihydroxy-5β-cholan-24-oate and methyl 3α,7α,15β-trihydroxy-5β-cholan-24-oate showed the most potent activity, at a level corresponding to that of hydrocortisone. Furthermore, chenodeoxycholic acid markedly inhibited tumour promotion in a two-stage carcinogenesis model in mouse skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Yasukawa
- College of Pharmacy, Nihon University, Funabashi-shi, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takashi Iida
- College of Humanities and Sciences, Nihon University, Sakurajousui, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuo Fujimoto
- College of Humanities and Sciences, Nihon University, Sakurajousui, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Yu F, Lu S, Yu F, Feng S, McGuire PM, Li R, Wang R. Protective effects of polysaccharide from Euphorbia kansui (Euphorbiaceae) on the swimming exercise-induced oxidative stress in mice. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2006; 84:1071-9. [PMID: 17218972 DOI: 10.1139/y06-052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The present study examined the effects of derivatives of galactosides and glucosides in a polysaccharide extract from Euphorbia kansui (Euphorbiaceae) on exercise-induced oxidative stress in mice. Exhaustive swimming exercise significantly increases the degree of lipid peroxidation in terms of malondialdehyde content and reduces the antioxidant activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). Our findings revealed that chronic oral treatment with the extract elevates enzymatic activities of SOD and GPx accompanied by a corresponding decrease in malondialdehyde. The antioxidative activities of these compounds against exercise-induced oxidative stress are correlated with various activities such as reducing the production of superoxide and hydroxyl radicals, inhibiting lipid peroxidation, enhancing antioxidative defenses, and increasing the production of SOD and GPx activity and expression in different tissues. These compounds may be involved in glycogen metabolism to meet the requirement of working skeletal muscles and act as antioxidants by terminating the chain reaction of lipid peroxidation to maintain the morphological stability of mitochondria in spinal motor neurons. These observations suggest that E. kansui has antioxidative and antifatigue properties and can be given as prophylactic and (or) therapeutic supplements for increasing antioxidant enzyme activities and preventing lipid peroxidation during strenuous exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farong Yu
- School of Public Security, Gansu Institute of Political Science and Law, Lanzhou 730070, China.
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Banno N, Akihisa T, Yasukawa K, Tokuda H, Tabata K, Nakamura Y, Nishimura R, Kimura Y, Suzuki T. Anti-inflammatory activities of the triterpene acids from the resin of Boswellia carteri. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2006; 107:249-53. [PMID: 16621377 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2006.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2005] [Revised: 03/06/2006] [Accepted: 03/10/2006] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Boswellic acids are the main well-known active components of the resin of Boswellia carteri (Burseraceae) and these are still dealing with the ethnomedicinal use for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and other inflammatory diseases. Although several studies have already been reported on the pharmacological properties, especially on the anti-inflammatory activity, of Boswellia carteri resin and boswellic acids, the ethnomedicinal importance of Boswellia carteri and its components, boswellic acids, prompted us to undertake detailed investigation on the constituents of the resin and their anti-inflammatory activity. Fifteen triterpene acids, viz., seven of the beta-boswellic acids (ursane-type) (1-7), two of the alpha-boswellic acids (oleanane-type) (8, 9), two of the lupeolic acids (lupane-type) (10, 11), and four of the tirucallane-type (12-14, 16), along with two cembrane-type diterpenes (17, 18), were isolated and identified from the methanol extract of the resin of Boswellia carteri. Upon evaluation of 17 compounds, 1-14 and 16-18, and compound 15, semi-synthesized from 14 by acetylation, for their inhibitory activity against 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced inflammation (1 microg/ear) in mice, all of the compounds, except for 18, exhibited marked anti-inflammatory activity with a 50% inhibitory dose (ID(50)) of 0.05-0.49 mg/ear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norihiro Banno
- Ichimaru Pharcos Company Ltd., 318-1 Asagi, Motosu, Gifu 501-0475, Japan
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Buenz EJ, Johnson HE, Beekman EM, Motley TJ, Bauer BA. Bioprospecting Rumphius's Ambonese Herbal: Volume I. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2005; 96:57-70. [PMID: 15588651 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2004.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2003] [Revised: 07/06/2004] [Accepted: 08/18/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Collaborating with traditional healers remains a valid method for the identification of potential lead compounds for novel pharmaceuticals. However, the knowledge of these traditional healers is rapidly being lost. Historic herbal texts provide a unique window to identify plants whose specific uses are no longer known. We have identified nine plants in the 17th century Ambonese Herbal: Volume I which were documented as having medicinal properties but which have not been examined in the current literature. We demonstrate that by evaluating plant and herb efficacy reports from historic texts, in the context of comprehensive modern databases such as NAPRALERT, we can ultimately identify candidate specimens deserving further pharmacological study.
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Affiliation(s)
- E J Buenz
- Complementary and Integrative Medicine Program, Mayo College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, 200 First Street NW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
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Abstract
This article describes the most commonly used procedures and recent laboratory methodologies using gas and liquid chromatography developed for separation and quantitation of non-saponifiable steroidal lipids from clinical (human) studies, edible fats and oils or fatty foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Volin
- Caloniuksenk. 10 C 47, Helsinki, Finland
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Akihisa T, Ogihara J, Kato J, Yasukawa K, Ukiya M, Yamanouchi S, Oishi K. Inhibitory effects of triterpenoids and sterols on human immunodeficiency virus-1 reverse transcriptase. Lipids 2001; 36:507-12. [PMID: 11432464 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-001-0750-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Fifty-five triterpenoids consisting of 19 tetracyclic, 32 pentacyclic, and 4 incompletely cyclized triterpenoids, and 2 sterols, mostly isolated from various plant and fungal materials, were examined for their inhibitory effects on a purified human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) reverse transcriptase. Twenty triterpenoids and one sterol showed inhibitory effects with 50% inhibition concentration (IC50) values less than 5.0 microM. Among these cycloartenol ferulate (IC50 = 2.2 microM), 24-methylenecycloartanol ferulate (1.9 microM), lupenone (2.1 microM), betulin diacetate (1.4 microM), and karounidiol 29-benzoate (2.2 microM) inhibited most effectively. Some of the triterpenoids and sterols may be potential new lead compounds to find still more potent HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Akihisa
- College of Science and Technology, Nihon University, Tokyo, Japan.
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Antitumor-promoting and anti-inflammatory activities of triterpenoids and sterols from plants and fungi. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s1572-5995(01)80005-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
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