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Rahmani S, Naraki K, Roohbakhsh A, Hayes AW, Karimi G. The protective effects of rutin on the liver, kidneys, and heart by counteracting organ toxicity caused by synthetic and natural compounds. Food Sci Nutr 2022; 11:39-56. [PMID: 36655104 PMCID: PMC9834893 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Rutin is a flavonoid present in many plant species. Because of its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic properties, rutin is of interest for its potential protective effects against toxic agents. The hepatoprotective, renoprotective, and cardioprotective effects of rutin are reviewed. The antioxidant effects of rutin are elicited by enhancing antioxidant enzymes such as GST, GGT, CAT, GPx, SOD, and GR, activating the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway, elevating GSH content, and the reduction in MDA. The anti-inflammatory effects of rutin are mediated by the inhibition of IL-1β, IL-6, TGF-β1, COX-2, iNOS, TLR4, and XO. Rutin exerted its antiapoptotic effects by inhibition of free radicals, caspase-3/-7/-9, hsp70, HMGB1, and p53, and the elevation of the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2. Rutin has potential therapeutic effectiveness against several toxicants, and its beneficial effects are more than likely mediated by its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and/or antiapoptotic property.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohrab Rahmani
- Student Research CommitteeMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran,Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of PharmacyMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
| | - Karim Naraki
- Student Research CommitteeMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran,Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of PharmacyMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
| | - Ali Roohbakhsh
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Institute of Pharmaceutical TechnologyMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
| | - A. Wallace Hayes
- Center for Environmental Occupational Risk Analysis and Management, College of Public HealthUniversity of South FloridaTampaFloridaUSA,Institute for Integrative ToxicologyMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA
| | - Gholamreza Karimi
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of PharmacyMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran,Pharmaceutical Research Center, Institute of Pharmaceutical TechnologyMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
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Changez M, Anwar MF, Al-Ghenaime S, Kapoor S, Balushi RA, Chaudhuri A. Synergic effect of aqueous extracts of Ocimum sanctum and Trigonella foenum-graecum L on the in situ green synthesis of silver nanoparticles and as a preventative agent against antibiotic-resistant food spoiling organisms. RSC Adv 2022; 12:1425-1432. [PMID: 35425194 PMCID: PMC8978925 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra08098a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The combination of Ocimum sanctum and Trigonella foenum-graecum L leaf water extract synergistically acts as a reducing and capping agent for the synthesis of narrow polydisperse silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) with controlled sizes depending on the precursor (AgNO3) concentration in the plant extract. The toxicity of 40 nm-sized green synthesized Ag NPs is less than that of 10 nm-sized NPs. The Ag NP solution in Ocimum sanctum and Trigonella foenum-graecum L leaf water extract shows synergic antibacterial effect on Gram-negative bacteria by effecting the ester group of the lipids (hydrolysis) and also breaking the amide bonds of the bacterial chemical constituents, which leads to their rapid death. Combining Ocimum sanctum and Trigonella foenum-graecum L leaf water extracts synergistically act as a reducing and capping agent for the synthesis of narrow polydisperse silver nanoparticles with controlled sizes depending on the precursor (AgNO3) concentration.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Changez
- College of Applied and Health Sciences, A' Sharqiyah University Ibra 400 Sultanate of Oman
| | | | - Said Al-Ghenaime
- College of Applied and Health Sciences, A' Sharqiyah University Ibra 400 Sultanate of Oman
| | - Sumeet Kapoor
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi (IITD) India
| | - Rayya Al Balushi
- College of Applied and Health Sciences, A' Sharqiyah University Ibra 400 Sultanate of Oman
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Sharifi-Rad J, Adetunji CO, Olaniyan OT, Ojo SK, Samuel MO, Temitayo BT, Roli OI, Nimota OO, Oluwabunmi BT, Adetunji JB, Sharopov F, Cruz-Martins N, del Mar Contreras M. Antimicrobial, Antioxidant and Other Pharmacological Activities of Ocimum Species: Potential to Be Used as Food Preservatives and Functional Ingredients. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2021.1934693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Javad Sharifi-Rad
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Facultad De Medicina, Universidad Del Azuay, Cuenca, Ecuador
| | - Charles Oluwaeun Adetunji
- Department of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Nanotechnology Laboratory, Edo University Iyamho, Edo State, Nigeria
| | - Olugbemi T. Olaniyan
- Laboratory for Reproductive Biology and Developmental Programming, Department of Physiology, Edo University, Iyahmo, Edo State, Nigeria
| | - Stephen Kayode Ojo
- Department of Microbiology, Federal University, Oye-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - Micheal Olugbenga Samuel
- Cardiometabolic Research Unit, Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences, Bowen University, Iwo, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Banjo Temitope Temitayo
- Institute for Human Resources Development, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Osahon Itohan Roli
- Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Science Edo University Iyamho, Nigeria
| | | | | | - Juliana Bunmi Adetunji
- Nutritional and Toxicological Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Osun State University, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Farukh Sharopov
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Avicenna Tajik State Medical University, Rudaki, Dushanbe, Tajikistan
| | - Natália Cruz-Martins
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (I3s), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory of Neuropsychophysiology, Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - María del Mar Contreras
- Department of Chemical, Environmental, and Materials Engineering, University of Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas, Jaén, Spain
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Abstract
Background:
Peptic ulcer is a deep gastrointestinal erosion disorder that involves
the entire mucosal thickness and can even penetrate the muscular mucosa. Nowadays, several
plants and compounds derived from it have been screened for their antiulcer activity. In
the last few years, there has been an exponential growth in the field of herbal medicine. This
field has gained popularity in both developing and developed countries because of their natural
origin and less side effects.
Objective:
This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of currently available
knowledge of medicinal plants and phytoconstituents reported for their anti-ulcer properties.
Methods:
The worldwide accepted database like SCOPUS, PUBMED, SCIELO, NISCAIR,
ScienceDirect, Springerlink, Web of Science, Wiley, SciFinder and Google Scholar were
used to retrieve available published literature.
Results:
A comprehensive review of the present paper is an attempt to list the plants with
antiulcer activity. The review narrates the dire need to explore potential chemical moieties
that exert an antiulcer effect, from unexploited traditional plants. Furthermore, the present
study reveals the intense requirement to exploit the exact mechanism through which either
the plant extracts or their active constituents exhibit their antiulcer properties.
Conclusion:
This article is the compilation of the plants and its constituents reported for the
treatment of peptic ulcers. The Comprehensive data will surely attract the number of investigators
to initiate further research that might lead to the drugs for the treatment of ulcers. As
sufficient scientific data is not available on plants, most of the herbals cannot be recommended
for the treatment of diseases. This can be achieved by research on pure chemical
structures derived from plants or to prepare new lead compounds with proven beneficial
preclinical in vitro and in vivo effects. However, a lot remains to be done in further investigations
for the better status of medicinal plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minky Mukhija
- Ch. Devi Lal College of Pharmacy, Buria Road, Bhagwangarh, Jagadhri-135003, India
| | - Bhuwan Chandra Joshi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sardar Bhagwan Singh Post Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Research, Balawala, Dehradun-248001, India
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Beneficial Effect of Ocimum sanctum (Linn) against Monocrotaline-Induced Pulmonary Hypertension in Rats. MEDICINES 2018; 5:medicines5020034. [PMID: 29673152 PMCID: PMC6023537 DOI: 10.3390/medicines5020034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: The study was designed to explore any beneficial effect of Ocimum sanctum (Linn) (OS) in experimental pulmonary hypertension (PH) in rats. OS is commonly known as “holy basil” and “Tulsi” and is used in the Indian System of Medicine as antidiabetic, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, adaptogenic, and cardioprotective. Methods: Monocrotaline (MCT) administration caused development of PH in rats after 28 days and rats were observed for 42 days. Treatments (sildenafil; 175 µg/kg, OS; 200 mg/kg) were started from day 29 after the development of PH and continued for 14 days. Parameters to assess the disease development and effectiveness of interventions were echocardiography, right and left ventricular systolic pressures, and right ventricular end diastolic pressure, percentage medial wall thickness (%MWT) of pulmonary artery, oxidative stress markers in lung tissue, NADPH oxidase (Nox-1) protein expression in lung, and mRNA expression of Bcl2 and Bax in right ventricular tissue. Results: OS (200 mg/kg) treatment ameliorated increased lung weight to body weight ratio, right ventricular hypertrophy, increased RVSP, and RVoTD/AoD ratio. Moreover, OS treatment decreases Nox-1 expression and increases expression of Bcl2/Bax ratio caused by MCT. Conclusion: The present study demonstrates that OS has therapeutic ability against MCT-induced PH in rat which are attributed to its antioxidant effect. The effect of OS was comparable with sildenafil.
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Brahmachari G, Sarkar S, Ghosh R, Barman S, Mandal NC, Jash SK, Banerjee B, Roy R. Sunlight-induced rapid and efficient biogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticles using aqueous leaf extract of Ocimum sanctum Linn. with enhanced antibacterial activity. Org Med Chem Lett 2014; 4:18. [PMID: 25621198 PMCID: PMC4297304 DOI: 10.1186/s13588-014-0018-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nanotechnology is now regarded as a distinct field of research in modern science and technology with multifaceted areas including biomedical applications. Among the various approaches currently available for the generation of metallic nanoparticles, biogenic synthesis is of increasing demand for the purpose of green nanotechnology. Among various natural sources, plant materials are the most readily available template-directing matrix offering cost-effectiveness, eco-friendliness, and easy handling. Moreover, the inherent pharmacological potentials of these medicinal plant extracts offer added biomedical implementations of the synthesized metal nanoparticles. RESULTS A robust practical method for eco-friendly synthesis of silver nanoparticles using aqueous leaf extract of Ocimum sanctum (Tulsi) as both reducing and capping agent, under the influence of direct sunlight has been developed without applying any other chemical additives. The nanoparticles were characterized with the help of UV-visible spectrophotometer and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The prepared silver nanoparticles exhibited considerable antibacterial activity. The effects were more pronounced on non-endospore-forming Gram-positive bacteria viz., Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Listeria monocytogenes than endospore-forming species Bacillus subtilis. The nanoparticles also showed prominent activity on Gram-negative human pathogenic Salmonella typhimurium, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and plant pathogenic Pantoea ananatis. A bactericidal mode of action was observed for both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria by the nanoparticles. CONCLUSIONS We have developed a very simple, efficient, and practical method for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles using aqueous leaf extract of O. sanctum under the influence of direct sunlight. The biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles making use of such a traditionally important medicinal plant without applying any other chemical additives, thus offers a cost-effective and environmentally benign route for their large-scale commercial production. The nanoparticles dispersed in the mother solution showed promising antibacterial efficacy. Graphical AbstractSunlight-induced rapid and efficient biogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticles using aqueous leaf extract of Ocimum sanctum Linn. with enhanced antibacterial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goutam Brahmachari
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Natural Products and Organic Synthesis, Visva-Bharati (a Central University), Santiniketan, 731 235 West Bengal India
| | - Sajal Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Natural Products and Organic Synthesis, Visva-Bharati (a Central University), Santiniketan, 731 235 West Bengal India
| | - Ranjan Ghosh
- Department of Botany, Microbiology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Visva-Bharati (a Central University), Santiniketan, 731 235 West Bengal India
| | - Soma Barman
- Department of Botany, Microbiology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Visva-Bharati (a Central University), Santiniketan, 731 235 West Bengal India
| | - Narayan C Mandal
- Department of Botany, Microbiology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Visva-Bharati (a Central University), Santiniketan, 731 235 West Bengal India
| | - Shyamal K Jash
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Natural Products and Organic Synthesis, Visva-Bharati (a Central University), Santiniketan, 731 235 West Bengal India
| | - Bubun Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Natural Products and Organic Synthesis, Visva-Bharati (a Central University), Santiniketan, 731 235 West Bengal India
| | - Rajiv Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Natural Products and Organic Synthesis, Visva-Bharati (a Central University), Santiniketan, 731 235 West Bengal India
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Sakr SA, Nooh HZ. Effect of Ocimum basilicum extract on cadmium-induced testicular histomorphometric and immunohistochemical alterations in albino rats. Anat Cell Biol 2013; 46:122-30. [PMID: 23869259 PMCID: PMC3713276 DOI: 10.5115/acb.2013.46.2.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2013] [Revised: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 06/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study examined the efficacy of Ocimum basilicum (basil) extract, a natural herb, with antioxidant properties, against testicular toxicity induced by cadmium (Cd), which is one of the most important toxic heavy metals. The intoxicated rats showed significant alterations in the testicular tissue including decreased seminiferous epithelium height and changes in the arrangement of spermatogenic layers. Hypospermatogensis with cytoplasmic vacuolization and pyknotic nuclei were observed. Intertubular hemorrahage and absence of spermatozoa were noted. Decreased cell proliferation was reflected by a decrease in Ki-67 expression, whereas the increase in apoptotic rate was associated with a decrease in the Bcl/Bax ratio. Concomitant treatment with aqueous basil extract led to an improvement in histological, morphometrical and immunohistochemical changes induced by Cd. The beneficial effects of basil extract could be attributed to its antioxidant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saber A Sakr
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin El-kom, Egypt
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Mahajan N, Rawal S, Verma M, Poddar M, Alok S. A phytopharmacological overview on Ocimum species with special emphasis on Ocimum sanctum. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bionut.2012.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Effect ofOcimum sanctum (Tulsi) and vitamin E on biochemical parameters and retinopathy in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Indian J Clin Biochem 2012; 21:181-8. [PMID: 23105641 DOI: 10.1007/bf02912939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
This study was carried out to see the effect of the aqueous extract ofOcitum sanctum Linn (Tulsi) with Vitamin E on biochemical parameters and retinopathy in the streptozotocin-induced diabetic albino male rats. Adult albino male rats weighing 150-200 gm were made diabetic by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin in the dose 60 mg/kg in citrate buffer (pH 6.3). The diabetic animals were left for one month to develop retinopathy. Biochemical parameters like plasma glucose, oral glucose tolerance and glycosylated hemoglobin HbA(1c), were measured along with lipid profile, and enzymes like glutathione peroxidase (GPX), lipid peroxidase (LPO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) in normal, untreated diabetic rats and diabetic rats treated withOcimum sanctum L extracts and vitamin E. Fluorescein angiography test was done for assessing retinopathy. Results on biochemical parameters were analyzed statistically by using ANOVA followed by Dunnet's 't'-test. A p-value of <0.05 was considered as significant. Evaluation of biochemical profile in treated groups showed statistically significant reduction in plasma levels of glucose, HbA(1c), lipid profile and LPO, and elevation of GPX, SOD, CAT and GST. Treatment of the diabetic animals withOcimum sanctum and Vitamin E, alone and in combination for 16 weeks showed reversal of most of the parameters studied including plasma glucose levels. Angiography showed improvement in retinal changes following combined antidiabetic treatment.
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Application of HPLC fingerprints for defining in vivo safety profile of Tulsi (Ocimum Sanctum). Med Chem Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-012-0022-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Pattanayak P, Behera P, Das D, Panda SK. Ocimum sanctum Linn. A reservoir plant for therapeutic applications: An overview. Pharmacogn Rev 2010; 4:95-105. [PMID: 22228948 PMCID: PMC3249909 DOI: 10.4103/0973-7847.65323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2010] [Revised: 03/18/2010] [Accepted: 07/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The medicinal plants are widely used by the traditional medicinal practitioners for curing various diseases in their day to day practice. In traditional system of medicine, different parts (leaves, stem, flower, root, seeds and even whole plant) of Ocimum sanctum Linn. have been recommended for the treatment of bronchitis, malaria, diarrhea, dysentery, skin disease, arthritis, eye diseases, insect bites and so on. The O. sanctum L. has also been suggested to possess anti-fertility, anticancer, antidiabetic, antifungal, antimicrobial, cardioprotective, analgesic, antispasmodic and adaptogenic actions. Eugenol (1-hydroxy-2-methoxy-4-allylbenzene), the active constituents present in O. sanctum L. have been found to be largely responsible for the therapeutic potentials. The pharmacological studies reported in the present review confirm the therapeutic value of O. sanctum L. The results of the above studies support the use of this plant for human and animal disease therapy and reinforce the importance of the ethno-botanical approach as a potential source of bioactive substances.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pritishova Behera
- Jeypore College of Pharmacy, Jeypore (K), Bhubaneswar, Orissa, India
| | - Debajyoti Das
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, SOA University, Bhubaneswar, Orissa, India
| | - Sangram K. Panda
- Jeypore College of Pharmacy, Jeypore (K), Bhubaneswar, Orissa, India
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Suanarunsawat T, Devakul Na Ayutthaya W, Songsak T, Thirawarapan S, Poungshompoo S. Antioxidant Activity and Lipid-Lowering Effect of Essential Oils Extracted from Ocimum sanctum L. Leaves in Rats Fed with a High Cholesterol Diet. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2009; 46:52-9. [PMID: 20104265 PMCID: PMC2803133 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.09-52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2009] [Accepted: 07/14/2009] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been reported that Ocimum sanctum L. (OS) leaves decrease serum lipid profile in normal and diabetic animals. No experimental evidences support the anti-hyperlipidemic and antioxidative actions against hypercholesterolemia. Moreover the identity of the specific chemical ingredients in OS leaves responsible for these pharmacological effects are unknown. Since OS leaves are rich in essential oil (EO). Therefore the present study was conducted to investigate the anti-hyperlipidemic and antioxidative activities of EO extracted from OS leaves in rats fed with high cholesterol (HC) diet. EO was extracted by the hydrodistillation method and the chemical constituents were then identified by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. The experiment was performed in Male Wistar rats fed with 2.5 g%(w/w) of cholesterol diet for seven weeks. During the last 3 weeks, rats were daily fed with EO. The results showed that phenyl propanoid compounds including eugenol and methyl eugenol were the major constituents of EO. EO suppressed the high serum lipid profile and atherogenic index as well as serum lactate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase MB subunit without significant effect on high serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase in rats fed with HC diet. In addition, EO was found to decrease the high levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) without impacting catalase (CAT) in the cardiac tissue while in the liver, it decreased high level of TBARS without significantly effecting GPx, SOD and CAT. Histopathological results confirmed that EO preserved the myocardial tissue. It can be concluded that EO extracted from OS leaves has lipid-lowering and antioxidative effects that protect the heart against hypercholesterolemia. Eugenol that is contained in EO likely contribute to these pharmacological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thamolwan Suanarunsawat
- Physiology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Rangsit University, Pathumtani, 12000 Thailand
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Sood S, Narang D, Thomas MK, Gupta YK, Maulik SK. Effect of Ocimum sanctum Linn. on cardiac changes in rats subjected to chronic restraint stress. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2006; 108:423-7. [PMID: 16965878 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2006.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2005] [Revised: 03/19/2006] [Accepted: 06/05/2006] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Male Wistar rats were subjected to chronic restraint stress (CRS; 6 h/day for 21 days) alone or along with either hydroalcoholic extract of Ocimum sanctum (Os; 100 mg/kg; orally) or MK-801, an NMDA receptor antagonist (0.3 mg/kg; i.p.). In the rats subjected to only CRS, plasma cAMP level was significantly raised on day 21, with no significant change in plasma corticosterone level. There was a significant (p < 0.05) fall in myocardial glutathione level, along with a significant (p < 0.05) rise in myocardial superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase activities, while light microscopy showed evidence of myocardial edema. Both Os and MK-801 significantly prevented the CRS-induced rise in plasma cAMP level, myocardial SOD and catalase activities as well as the light microscopic changes in the myocardium. This study revealed that Ocimum sanctum protects rat heart from chronic restraint stress induced changes, through its central effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sood
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
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Rezzani R, Rodella LF, Bonomini F, Tengattini S, Bianchi R, Reiter RJ. Beneficial effects of melatonin in protecting against cyclosporine A-induced cardiotoxicity are receptor mediated. J Pineal Res 2006; 41:288-95. [PMID: 16948792 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-079x.2006.00368.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin, the chief product secreted by pineal gland, is capable of reducing free radical damage by acting directly as a free radical scavenger, and indirectly, by stimulating of antioxidant enzymes. Cyclosporine A (CsA) is the most widely used immunosuppressive drug, but its therapeutic use has several side effects including, i.e. nephrotoxicity and cardiotoxicity. This study was designed to examine the beneficial effects of melatonin in preventing CsA-induced cardiotoxicity. Additionally, we investigated the ability of melatonin to protect the rat heart via melatonin receptor. In one group of Wistar rats, melatonin (1 mg/kg/day i.p.) was administered concurrently with CsA (15 mg/kg/day s.c.) for 21 days. In another group of animals, melatonin was injected with CsA and luzindole, an antagonist of melatonin receptors. Oxidative stress in heart tissue homogenates was estimated using thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), reduced glutathione levels and antioxidant enzyme activities including catalase and superoxide dismutase. CsA administration for 21 days produced elevated levels of TBARS, marked depletion of cardiac antioxidant enzymes and caused morphological alterations in myocardial fibers. Melatonin markedly reduced TBARS levels, increased the antioxidant enzyme levels and normalized altered cardiac morphology. The protective effects of melatonin were lost when the animals received the melatonin receptor antagonist. In conclusion our study shows that, (a) melatonin significantly reduces CsA cardiotoxicity, and (b) the reduction in CsA-induced cardiotoxicity was mediated by the binding of melatonin to its membrane receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Rezzani
- Division of Human Anatomy, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
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Lee SO, Lee HW, Lee IS, Im HG. The pharmacological potential of Sorbus commixta cortex on blood alcohol concentration and hepatic lipid peroxidation in acute alcohol-treated rats. J Pharm Pharmacol 2006; 58:685-93. [PMID: 16640838 DOI: 10.1211/jpp.58.5.0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The effect of Sorbus commixta cortex, a traditional herbal medicine used for the treatment of bronchitis, gastritis and dropsy, on blood alcohol concentration (BAC) and hepatic lipid peroxidation was examined in acute alcohol-treated rats. A 30-min pretreatment with a methanol extract of S. commixta cortex (SC) at concentrations higher than 200 mg kg(-1) resulted in a significant decrease in BAC and the ethyl acetate fraction (SE) of the extract showed the highest potency, with a maximum of a 46% decrease at 150 mg kg(-1) 2 h after alcohol administration (3.0 g kg(-1)) compared with the control group (P < 0.005). The rapid reduction in BAC did not appear to be due to the protection or activation of hepatic alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) activity by SE. Hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were significantly increased by acute alcohol administration within 6 h, although pretreatment with the SE caused a significant decrease in MDA levels compared with alcohol treatment alone. Hepatic glutathione (GSH) levels and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity remained unchanged by alcohol, SE alone or by the combined treatment of alcohol and SE. However, catalase activity was significantly reduced by acute alcohol administration and pretreatment with the SE led to significant protection of its activity. These results suggest that pretreatment with SE reduces hepatic lipid peroxidation by decreasing the bioavailability of alcohol and its oxidative metabolites, such as H2O2, at least partly, through the protection of hepatic catalase in acute alcohol-treated rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syng-Ook Lee
- Department of Food Science and Technology and The Center for Traditional Microorganism Resources (TMR), Keimyung University, Daegu 704-701, Republic of Korea
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Trivedi CJ, Balaraman R, Majithiya JB, Bothara SB. Effect of Atorvastatin Treatment on Isoproterenol-Induced Myocardial Infarction in Rats. Pharmacology 2006; 77:25-32. [PMID: 16567950 DOI: 10.1159/000092308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2005] [Accepted: 01/20/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, chronic treatment of atorvastatin was evaluated on isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (200 +/- 25 g) were randomized into the following four groups: (1) control group, (2) isoproterenol-treated group, (3) atorvastatin-treated group, and (4) isoproterenol- and atorvastatin-treated group. Various serum and tissue parameters as well as histopathological studies were carried out in all groups. Isoproterenol administration produced severe myocardial damage and oxidative stress in rats. Atorvastatin treatment reduced myocardial infarction which has been reflected by improvement in serum parameters, ATPase activities and histopathological lesions. However, it could not reduce oxidative stress and hypertrophy induced by isoproterenol. Hence, it can be concluded that atorvastatin may protect myocardial infarction induced by isoproterenol independent of its antioxidant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chitrang J Trivedi
- Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Technology and Engineering, M.S. University of Baroda, Kalabhavan, Baroda, Gujarat, India.
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Olalde Rangel JA. The systemic theory of living systems and relevance to CAM: the theory (Part III). EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2005; 2:267-75. [PMID: 16136205 PMCID: PMC1193559 DOI: 10.1093/ecam/neh119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2005] [Accepted: 07/29/2005] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Western medical science lacks a solid philosophical and theoretical approach to disease cognition and therapeutics. My first two articles provided a framework for a humane medicine based on Modern Biophysics. Its precepts encompass modern therapeutics and CAM. Modern Biophysics and its concepts are presently missing in medicine, whether orthodox or CAM, albeit they probably provide the long sought explanation that bridges the abyss between East and West. Key points that differentiate Systemic from other systems' approaches are ‘Intelligence’, ‘Energy’ and the objective ‘to survive’. The General System Theory (GST) took a forward step by proposing a departure from the mechanistic biological concept—of analyzing parts and processes in isolation—and brought us towards an organismic model. GST examines the system's components and results of their interaction. However, GST still does not go far enough. GST assumes ‘Self-Organization’ as a spontaneous phenomenon, ignoring a causative entity or central controller to all systems: Intelligence. It also neglects ‘Survive’ as the directional motivation common to any living system, and scarcely assigns ‘Energy’ its true inherent value. These three parameters, Intelligence, Energy and Survive, are vital variables to be considered, in our human quest, if we are to achieve a unified theory of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- José A Olalde Rangel
- Adaptógenos Internacionales, Calle El Arenal c/c Luis de Camoes La Trinidad, Caracas 1080, Venezuela.
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