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DeBenedictis JN, Baars E, Ochoteco-Asensio J, van Breda SG, de Kok TM. Genetic Variability Impacts Genotoxic and Transcriptome Responses in the Human Colon after the Consumption of Processed Red Meat Products and Those with Added Phytochemical Extracts. Nutrients 2024; 16:425. [PMID: 38337709 PMCID: PMC10857093 DOI: 10.3390/nu16030425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The PHYTOME study investigated the effect of consuming processed meat products on outcomes related to colorectal cancer risk without testing the impact of genetic variability on these responses. This research aims to elucidate the genetic impact on apparent total N-nitroso compound (ATNC) excretion, colonic DNA adduct formation, ex vivo-induced DNA damage, and gene expression changes in colon biopsies of healthy participants. Through a systematic literature review, candidate polymorphisms were selected and then detected using TaqMan and PCR analysis. The effect of genotype on study outcomes was determined via a linear mixed model and analysis of variance. Machine learning was used to evaluate relative allele importance concerning genotoxic responses, which established a ranking of the most protective alleles and a combination of genotypes (gene scores). Participants were grouped by GSTM1 genotype and differentially expressed genes (DEGs), and overrepresented biological pathways were compared between groups. Stratifying participants by ten relevant genes revealed significant variations in outcome responses. After consumption of processed red meat, variations in NQO1 and COMT impacted responses in ATNC levels (µmol/L) (+9.56 for wildtype vs. heterozygous) and DNA adduct levels (pg/µg DNA) (+1.26 for variant vs. wildtype and +0.43 for variant vs. heterozygous), respectively. After phytochemicals were added to the meat, GSTM1 variation impacted changes in DNA adduct levels (-6.12 for deletion vs. wildtype). The gene scores correlated with these responses and DEGs were identified by GSTM1 genotype. The altered pathways specific to the GSTM1 wildtype group included 'metabolism', 'cell cycle', 'vitamin D receptor', and 'metabolism of water-soluble vitamins and co-factors'. Genotype impacted both the potential genotoxicity of processed red meat and the efficacy of protective phytochemical extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Simone G. van Breda
- Toxicogenomics Department, GROW School of Oncology & Reproduction, Faculty of Health, Medicine & Life Sciences, Maastricht University, 6211 LK Maastricht, The Netherlands (J.O.-A.)
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Chen Y, Xia G, Wang C, Wu H, Xu X, Mao G, Wu J, Zhao Z. Impact of dietary plant flavonoids on 7,8-dihydroxyflavone transepithelial transport in human intestinal Caco-2 cells. Food Sci Nutr 2023; 11:6888-6898. [PMID: 37970375 PMCID: PMC10630842 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
7,8-dihydroxyflavone (7,8-DHF) is a biologically active flavone with various physiological activities, including neuroprotection, anti-inflammation, and weight loss. Previous studies have found that the efflux protein P-glycoprotein (P-gp) significantly affects the transepithelial transport of 7,8-DHF in the intestine, resulting in its low oral bioavailability. Based on this, in this study, a Caco-2 monolayer cell model was used to investigate 14 dietary plant flavonoids as potential P-gp inhibitors, and their effects on the transepithelial transport and in vitro digestion of 7,8-DHF were explored. The results showed that among the 14 plant flavonoids, hesperetin, epigallocatechin gallate, fisetin, kaempferol, quercetin, and isoorientin increased and the apparent permeability coefficients (P app) of 7,8-DHF at AP → BL direction and lowered P app value at BL → AP direction to varying degrees, reducing the efflux ratio of 7,8-DHF less than 1.5. In particular, kaempferol and quercetin exhibited the best effect on promoting the transepithelial transport of 7,8-DHF, especially when used at molar concentration ratios of 1:1 and 1:2 with 7,8-DHF. This is beneficial for improving the oral bioavailability of 7,8-DHF. Meanwhile, 7,8-DHF was found to maintain structural stability in simulated saliva, gastric juice, and intestinal juice, and its stability was not affected by the coexistence of quercetin and kaempferol. Overall, this study provided a theoretical basis for seeking natural and safe P-gp inhibitors to improve the oral absorption of natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Chen
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro‐Food Processing, Zhejiang Engineering Center for Food Technology and EquipmentZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Geriatrics and Geriatrics Institute of Zhejiang Province, Department of GeriatricsZhejiang HospitalHangzhouChina
- Ningbo Today Food Co LtdNingboChina
| | - Guobin Xia
- Section of Neonatology, Department of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Chunfeng Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Geriatrics and Geriatrics Institute of Zhejiang Province, Department of GeriatricsZhejiang HospitalHangzhouChina
| | | | - Xiaogang Xu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Geriatrics and Geriatrics Institute of Zhejiang Province, Department of GeriatricsZhejiang HospitalHangzhouChina
| | - Genxiang Mao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Geriatrics and Geriatrics Institute of Zhejiang Province, Department of GeriatricsZhejiang HospitalHangzhouChina
| | - Jiong Wu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Geriatrics and Geriatrics Institute of Zhejiang Province, Department of GeriatricsZhejiang HospitalHangzhouChina
| | - Zhenlei Zhao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Geriatrics and Geriatrics Institute of Zhejiang Province, Department of GeriatricsZhejiang HospitalHangzhouChina
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3
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Mishra S, Gandhi D, Tiwari RR, Rajasekaran S. Beneficial role of kaempferol and its derivatives from different plant sources on respiratory diseases in experimental models. Inflammopharmacology 2023; 31:2311-2336. [PMID: 37410224 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-023-01282-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Respiratory illnesses impose a significant health burden and cause deaths worldwide. Despite many advanced strategies to improve patient outcomes, they are often less effective. There is still considerable room for improvement in the treatment of various respiratory diseases. In recent years, alternative medicinal agents derived from food plants have shown better beneficial effects against a wide variety of disease models, including cancer. In this regard, kaempferol (KMF) and its derivatives are the most commonly found dietary flavonols. They have been found to exhibit protective effects on multiple chronic diseases like diabetes, fibrosis, and so on. A few recent articles have reviewed the pharmacological actions of KMF in cancer, central nervous system diseases, and chronic inflammatory diseases. However, there is no comprehensive review that exists regarding the beneficial effects of KMF and its derivatives on both malignant- and non-malignant respiratory diseases. Many experimental studies reveal that KMF and its derivatives are helpful in managing a wide range of respiratory diseases, including acute lung injury, fibrosis, asthma, cancer, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and their underlying molecular mechanisms. In addition, we also discussed the chemistry and sources, the absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) properties, methods to enhance bioavailability, as well as our perspective on future research with KMF and its derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sehal Mishra
- Department of Biochemistry, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462030, India
| | - Deepa Gandhi
- Department of Biochemistry, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462030, India
| | - Rajnarayan R Tiwari
- Department of Biochemistry, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462030, India
| | - Subbiah Rajasekaran
- Department of Biochemistry, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462030, India.
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4
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Shi Z, Zhang C, Lei H, Chen C, Cao Z, Song Y, Chen G, Wu F, Zhou J, Lu Y, Zhang L. Structural Insights into Amelioration Effects of Quercetin and Its Glycoside Derivatives on NAFLD in Mice by Modulating the Gut Microbiota and Host Metabolism. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:14732-14743. [PMID: 36351282 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c06212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The sugar moieties of natural flavonoids determine their absorption, bioavailability, and bioactivity in humans. To explore structure-dependent bioactivities of quercetin, isoquercetin, and rutin, which have the same basic skeleton linking different sugar moieties, we systemically investigated the ameliorative effects of dietary these flavonoids on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) of mice. Our results revealed that isoquercetin exhibits the strongest capability in improving NAFLD phenotypes of mice, including body and liver weight gain, glucose intolerance, and systemic inflammation in comparison with quercetin and rutin. At the molecular level, dietary isoquercetin markedly ameliorated liver dysfunction and host metabolic disorders in mice with NAFLD. At the microbial level, the three flavonoids compounds, especially isoquercetin, can effectively regulate the gut microbiota composition, such as genera Akkermansia, Bifidobacterium, and Lactobacillus, which were significantly disrupted in NAFLD mice. These comparative findings offer new insights into the structure-dependent activities of natural flavonoids for NAFLD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zunji Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Wuhan 430071, China
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Center for Grassland Microbiome, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Ce Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Wuhan 430071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hehua Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Chuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Wuhan 430071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zheng Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Wuhan 430071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuchen Song
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Wuhan 430071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Gui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Wuhan 430071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Wuhan 430071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jinlin Zhou
- Engineering Research Academy of High Value Utilization of Green Plants, Meizhou 514021, China
- Golden Health (Guangdong) Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Foshan 528225, China
| | - Yujing Lu
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Engineering Research Academy of High Value Utilization of Green Plants, Meizhou 514021, China
| | - Limin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Wuhan 430071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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5
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Wasef AK, Wahdan SA, Saeed NM, El-Demerdash E. Effects of aged garlic and ginkgo biloba extracts on the pharmacokinetics of sofosbuvir in rats. Biopharm Drug Dispos 2022; 43:152-162. [PMID: 35975782 DOI: 10.1002/bdd.2326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Sofosbuvir is a direct acting antiviral (DAA) approved for the treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV). Sofosbuvir is a substrate of P-glycoprotein (P-gp). For this reason, inhibitors, or inducers of intestinal P-gp may alter plasma concentration of sofosbuvir and increase or decrease its efficacy causing a significant change in its pharmacokinetic parameters. The purpose of study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetic interaction between either aged garlic or ginkgo biloba extracts with sofosbuvir through targeting P-gp as well as the possible toxicities in rats. Rats were divided into four groups and treated for 14 days with saline, verapamil (15 mg/kg, PO), aged garlic extract (120 mg/kg, PO) or ginkgo biloba extract (25 mg/kg, PO) followed by a single oral dose of sofosbuvir (40 mg/kg). Validated LC-MS/MS was used to determine sofosbuvir and its metabolite GS-331007 in rat plasma. Aged garlic extract caused a significant decrease of sofosbuvir AUC(0-t) by 36% while ginkgo biloba extract caused a significant increase of sofosbuvir AUC(0-t) by 11%. Ginkgo biloba extract exhibited significant increase of sofosbuvir t1/2 by 60%, while aged garlic extract significantly increased sofosbuvir clearance by 63%. The pharmacokinetic parameters of GS-331007 were not affected. The inhibitory action of ginkgo biloba on P-gp and the subsequent increase in sofosbuvir plasma concentration did not show a significant risk of renal or hepatic toxicity. Conversely, although aged garlic extracts increased intestinal P-gp expression, they did not alter Cmax and Tmax of sofosbuvir and did not induce significant hepatic or renal toxicities. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abanoub K Wasef
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sinai University (Kantara campus), Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Sara A Wahdan
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Noha M Saeed
- Pharmacology and Toxicology department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ebtehal El-Demerdash
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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6
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Sánchez-Recillas E, Campos-Vega R, Pérez-Ramírez IF, Luzardo-Ocampo I, Cuéllar-Núñez ML, Vergara-Castañeda HA. Garambullo ( Myrtillocactus geometrizans): effect of in vitro gastrointestinal digestion on the bioaccessibility and antioxidant capacity of phytochemicals. Food Funct 2022; 13:4699-4713. [PMID: 35380561 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo04392g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Garambullo (Myrtillocactus geometrizans), endemic fruit from Mexico, contains several bioactive compounds (phenolic compounds, betalains, antioxidant fiber), highlighting it as a good functional food. In this research, the impact of the in vitro gastrointestinal digestion on phytochemical bioaccessibility from garambullo and its antioxidant capacity are studied. The fruit contained previously unidentified phytochemicals in the polar and non-polar extracts (acetone and hexane). The bioaccessibility decreased in the mouth and stomach for flavanones (up to 11.9 and 8.9%, respectively), isoflavones (up to 20.0 and 9.2%, respectively), flavonols (up to 15.2 and 15.7%, respectively), hydroxycinnamic acids (up to 21.7 and 13.1%, respectively), and betalains (up to 10.5 and 4.2%, respectively); hydroxybenzoic acids were increased (up to 752.8 and 552.6%, respectively), while tocopherols increased in the mouth (127.7%) and decreased in the stomach (up to 90.3%). In the intestinal phase, the digestible fraction showed low phytochemicals bioaccessibility, and some compounds were recovered in the non-digestible fraction. The antioxidant capacity decreased in different compartments of the gastrointestinal tract, being higher in the mouth (872.9, 883.6, 385.2, and 631.2 μmol TE per g dw by ABTS, DPPH, ORAC, and FRAP, respectively) and stomach (836.2, 942.1, 289.0, and 494.9 μmol TE per g dw ABTS, DPPH, ORAC, and FRAP, respectively). The results indicate that digestion positively or negatively affects compounds' bioaccessibility depending on their structural family, and the antioxidant capacity decreases but remains higher than other functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edelmira Sánchez-Recillas
- Advanced Biomedical Research Center, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Querétaro, Qro. 76140, Mexico.
| | - Rocio Campos-Vega
- Research and Graduate Studies in Food Science, School of Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Querétaro, Qro. 76076, Mexico
| | - Iza Fernanda Pérez-Ramírez
- School of Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, C.U., Cerro de las Campanas S/N, Querétaro, Qro. 76076, Mexico
| | - Ivan Luzardo-Ocampo
- Institute of Neurobiology, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM)-Juriquilla, Juriquilla, Qro. 76230, Mexico
| | - Mardey Liceth Cuéllar-Núñez
- Advanced Biomedical Research Center, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Querétaro, Qro. 76140, Mexico.
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7
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Li J, Wu Y, Ma Y, Bai L, Li Q, Zhou X, Xu P, Li X, Xue M. A UPLC-MS/MS method reveals the pharmacokinetics and metabolism characteristics of kaempferol in rats under hypoxia. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2022; 43:100440. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dmpk.2021.100440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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8
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Tao Y, Zhu F, Pan M, Liu Q, Wang P. Pharmacokinetic, Metabolism, and Metabolomic Strategies Provide Deep Insight Into the Underlying Mechanism of Ginkgo biloba Flavonoids in the Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease. Front Nutr 2022; 9:857370. [PMID: 35399672 PMCID: PMC8984020 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.857370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ginkgo biloba, known as the “living fossil,” has a long history of being used as botanical drug for treating cardiovascular diseases and the content of flavonoids as high as 24%. More than 110 different kinds of flavonoids and their derivatives have been separated from G. biloba, including flavones, flavonols, biflavonoids, catechins, and their glycosides, etc., all of which display the ability to dilate blood vessels, regulate blood lipids, and antagonize platelet activating factor, and protect against ischemic damage. At present, many types of preparations based on G. biloba extract or the bioactive flavonoids of it have been developed, which are mostly used for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. We herein review recent progress in understanding the metabolic regulatory processes and gene regulation of cellular metabolism in cardiovascular diseases of G. biloba flavonoids. First, we present the cardioprotective flavonoids of G. biloba and their possible pharmacological mechanism. Then, it is the pharmacokinetic and liver and gut microbial metabolism pathways that enable the flavonoids to reach the target organ to exert effect that is analyzed. In the end, we review the possible endogenous pathways toward restoring lipid metabolism and energy metabolism as well as detail novel metabolomic methods for probing the cardioprotective effect of flavonoids of G. biloba.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Tao
- *Correspondence: Yi Tao, ,
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Famta P, Shah S, Chatterjee E, Singh H, Dey B, Guru SK, Singh SB, Srivastava S. Exploring new Horizons in overcoming P-glycoprotein-mediated multidrug-resistant breast cancer via nanoscale drug delivery platforms. CURRENT RESEARCH IN PHARMACOLOGY AND DRUG DISCOVERY 2021; 2:100054. [PMID: 34909680 PMCID: PMC8663938 DOI: 10.1016/j.crphar.2021.100054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The high probability (13%) of women developing breast cancer in their lifetimes in America is exacerbated by the emergence of multidrug resistance after exposure to first-line chemotherapeutic agents. Permeation glycoprotein (P-gp)-mediated drug efflux is widely recognized as the major driver of this resistance. Initial in vitro and in vivo investigations of the co-delivery of chemotherapeutic agents and P-gp inhibitors have yielded satisfactory results; however, these results have not translated to clinical settings. The systemic delivery of multiple agents causes adverse effects and drug-drug interactions, and diminishes patient compliance. Nanocarrier-based site-specific delivery has recently gained substantial attention among researchers for its promise in circumventing the pitfalls associated with conventional therapy. In this review article, we focus on nanocarrier-based co-delivery approaches encompassing a wide range of P-gp inhibitors along with chemotherapeutic agents. We discuss the contributions of active targeting and stimuli responsive systems in imparting site-specific cytotoxicity and reducing both the dose and adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paras Famta
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Saurabh Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Essha Chatterjee
- Department of Pharmacology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Hoshiyar Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Biswajit Dey
- Department of Pharmacology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Santosh Kumar Guru
- Department of Pharmacology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Shashi Bala Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Saurabh Srivastava
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
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Fang Y, Liang F, Xia M, Cao W, Pan S, Wu T, Xu X. Structure-activity relationship and mechanism of flavonoids on the inhibitory activity of P-glycoprotein (P-gp)-mediated transport of rhodamine123 and daunorubicin in P-gp overexpressed human mouth epidermal carcinoma (KB/MDR) cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 155:112381. [PMID: 34217736 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
This study was aimed to investigate the inhibitory activity of flavonoids on P-glycoprotein (P-gp). Effects of 39 flavonoids on the cellular uptake (CU) of rhodamine123 (Rho) and daunomycin (DNR) were investigated in both parental KB and P-gp overexpressed KB/MDR cells. The inhibition mechanism of selected flavonoids was further investigated by measuring the ATPase activity and expression level of P-gp. Twelve flavonoids improved the uptake of Rho (↑RhoF) and nineteen flavonoids increased the uptake of DNR (↑DNRF) in KB/MDR cells with nine flavonoids overlapped. Structure-activity relationship (SAR) indicated that 8-OCH3, and 2'-OH have a negative effect on Rho and DNR transport. Whereas 5-OH, 5-OCH3, 6-OH, 7-OCH3, 3'-OH, and 4'-OH, are essential for inhibition of flavonoids on P-gp and reversing the resistance of Rho and DNR. Eleven selected flavonoids significantly induced the basal P-gp-ATPase activity but much lower than that induced by verapamil. Tangeretin, galangin, kaempferol, quercetin, and morin significantly reversed the ATPase activity stimulated by verapamil. Six of eleven flavonoids significantly decreased P-gp expression, whereas three flavonoids slightly increased P-gp expression. These results provide valuable information that flavonoids can effectively reverse multidrug resistance of P-gp-mediated transport of nutraceutical and drugs by co-administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajing Fang
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, PR China; Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, DK-1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
| | - Fuqiang Liang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
| | - Mengmeng Xia
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, PR China.
| | - Weiwei Cao
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, PR China.
| | - Siyi Pan
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, PR China.
| | - Ting Wu
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, PR China.
| | - Xiaoyun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, PR China.
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11
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Deng Y, Tu Y, Lao S, Wu M, Yin H, Wang L, Liao W. The role and mechanism of citrus flavonoids in cardiovascular diseases prevention and treatment. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:7591-7614. [PMID: 33905288 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1915745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) have been ranked as the leading cause of death in the world, whose global incidence is increasing year by year. Citrus, one of the most popular fruits in the world, is rich in flavonoids. Citrus flavonoids attract special attention due to a variety of biological activities, especially in the prevention and treatment of CVDs. The research progress of citrus flavonoids on CVDs have been constantly updated, but relatively fragmented, which needed to be systematically summarized. Hence, the recent research about citrus flavonoids and CVDs were reviewed, including the types and in vivo processes of citrus flavonoids, epidemiology study and mechanism on prevention and treatment of CVDs by citrus flavonoids. This review would provide a theoretical basis for the citrus flavonoids research and a new idea in the citrus industry development and application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudi Deng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yali Tu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shenghui Lao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Mengting Wu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hantong Yin
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Linqing Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenzhen Liao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Varshney H, Siddique YH. Role of natural plant products against Alzheimer's disease. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS-DRUG TARGETS 2021; 20:904-941. [PMID: 33881973 DOI: 10.2174/1871527320666210420135437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the major neurodegenerative disorder. Deposition of amyloid fibrils and tau protein are associated with various pathological symptoms. Currently limited medication is available for AD treatment. Most of the drugs are basically cholinesterase inhibitors and associated with various side effects. Natural plant products have shown potential as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of AD symptoms. Variety of secondary metabolites like flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids, alkaloids and phenols are used to reduce the progression of the disease. Plant products have less or no side effect and are easily available. The present review gives a detailed account of the potential of natural plant products against the AD symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himanshi Varshney
- Drosophila Transgenic Laboratory, Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Yasir Hasan Siddique
- Drosophila Transgenic Laboratory, Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, Uttar Pradesh, India
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13
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Auxtero MD, Chalante S, Abade MR, Jorge R, Fernandes AI. Potential Herb-Drug Interactions in the Management of Age-Related Cognitive Dysfunction. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:124. [PMID: 33478035 PMCID: PMC7835864 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13010124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Late-life mild cognitive impairment and dementia represent a significant burden on healthcare systems and a unique challenge to medicine due to the currently limited treatment options. Plant phytochemicals have been considered in alternative, or complementary, prevention and treatment strategies. Herbals are consumed as such, or as food supplements, whose consumption has recently increased. However, these products are not exempt from adverse effects and pharmacological interactions, presenting a special risk in aged, polymedicated individuals. Understanding pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions is warranted to avoid undesirable adverse drug reactions, which may result in unwanted side-effects or therapeutic failure. The present study reviews the potential interactions between selected bioactive compounds (170) used by seniors for cognitive enhancement and representative drugs of 10 pharmacotherapeutic classes commonly prescribed to the middle-aged adults, often multimorbid and polymedicated, to anticipate and prevent risks arising from their co-administration. A literature review was conducted to identify mutual targets affected (inhibition/induction/substrate), the frequency of which was taken as a measure of potential interaction. Although a limited number of drugs were studied, from this work, interaction with other drugs affecting the same targets may be anticipated and prevented, constituting a valuable tool for healthcare professionals in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria D. Auxtero
- CiiEM, Interdisciplinary Research Centre Egas Moniz, Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz, Quinta da Granja, Monte de Caparica, 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal; (M.D.A.); (S.C.); (M.R.A.); (R.J.)
| | - Susana Chalante
- CiiEM, Interdisciplinary Research Centre Egas Moniz, Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz, Quinta da Granja, Monte de Caparica, 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal; (M.D.A.); (S.C.); (M.R.A.); (R.J.)
| | - Mário R. Abade
- CiiEM, Interdisciplinary Research Centre Egas Moniz, Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz, Quinta da Granja, Monte de Caparica, 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal; (M.D.A.); (S.C.); (M.R.A.); (R.J.)
| | - Rui Jorge
- CiiEM, Interdisciplinary Research Centre Egas Moniz, Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz, Quinta da Granja, Monte de Caparica, 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal; (M.D.A.); (S.C.); (M.R.A.); (R.J.)
- Polytechnic Institute of Santarém, School of Agriculture, Quinta do Galinheiro, 2001-904 Santarém, Portugal
- CIEQV, Life Quality Research Centre, IPSantarém/IPLeiria, Avenida Dr. Mário Soares, 110, 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal
| | - Ana I. Fernandes
- CiiEM, Interdisciplinary Research Centre Egas Moniz, Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz, Quinta da Granja, Monte de Caparica, 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal; (M.D.A.); (S.C.); (M.R.A.); (R.J.)
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Domínguez CJ, Tocchetti GN, Rigalli JP, Mottino AD. Acute regulation of apical ABC transporters in the gut. Potential influence on drug bioavailability. Pharmacol Res 2020; 163:105251. [PMID: 33065282 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The extensive intestinal surface offers an advantage regarding nutrient, ion and water absorptive capacity but also brings along a high exposition to xenobiotics, including drugs of therapeutic use and food contaminants. After absorption of these compounds by the enterocytes, apical ABC transporters play a key role in secreting them back to the intestinal lumen, hence acting as a transcellular barrier. Rapid and reversible modulation of their activity is a subject of increasing interest for pharmacologists. On the one hand, a decrease in transporter activity may result in increased absorption of therapeutic agents given orally. On the other hand, an increase in transporter activity would decrease their absorption and therapeutic efficacy. Although of less relevance, apical ABC transporters also contribute to disposition of drugs systemically administered. This review article summarizes the present knowledge on the mechanisms aimed to rapidly regulate the activity of the main apical ABC transporters of the gut: multidrug resistance protein 1 (MDR1), multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2) and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP). Regulation of these mechanisms by drugs, drug delivery systems, drug excipients and nutritional components are particularly considered. This information could provide the basis for controlled regulation of bioavailability of therapeutic agents and at the same time would help to prevent potential drug-drug interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Juliana Domínguez
- Institute of Experimental Physiology, Faculty of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rosario National University, Suipacha 570, 2000 Rosario, Argentina
| | - Guillermo Nicolás Tocchetti
- Institute of Experimental Physiology, Faculty of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rosario National University, Suipacha 570, 2000 Rosario, Argentina; Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Juan Pablo Rigalli
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Aldo Domingo Mottino
- Institute of Experimental Physiology, Faculty of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rosario National University, Suipacha 570, 2000 Rosario, Argentina.
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15
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Staples JW, Stine JM, Mäki-Lohiluoma E, Steed E, George KM, Thompson CM, Woodahl EL. Food dyes as P-glycoprotein modulators. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 146:111785. [PMID: 33011351 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The drug transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is often investigated in drug-interaction studies because the activity is modulated by a wide variety of xenobiotics including drugs, herbal products, and food components. In this study, we tested six common arylsulfonate food dyes-allura red, carmoisine, ponceau 4R, quinolone yellow, sunset yellow, and tartrazine-as activators and inhibitors of P-gp activity in vitro. The dyes were studied as P-gp activators by measuring ATPase activity in P-gp-expressing membranes. Compared to verapamil, a known activator of P-gp, the six food dyes showed no stimulatory activity. The potential for these six food dyes to act as P-gp inhibitors was tested in an intracellular efflux assay with P-gp-expressing cells. Compared to GF120918, a known P-gp inhibitor, there was no inhibitory activity for these six food dyes. The six food dyes tested do not interact with P-gp in vitro and, therefore, are unlikely cause clinical drug-food dye interactions. Further investigation is necessary to determine whether these food dyes could interact with other drug transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack W Staples
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceuticals Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States
| | - Jessica M Stine
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceuticals Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States
| | - Eero Mäki-Lohiluoma
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceuticals Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States
| | - Emily Steed
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceuticals Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States
| | - Kathleen M George
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceuticals Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States
| | - Charles M Thompson
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceuticals Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States
| | - Erica L Woodahl
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceuticals Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States.
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Endothelium-Independent Vasodilatory Effect of Sailuotong (SLT) on Rat Isolated Tail Artery. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:8125805. [PMID: 33029174 PMCID: PMC7527950 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8125805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Background Sailuotong (SLT) is a standardized three-herb formulation consisting of extracts of Panax ginseng, Ginkgo biloba, and Crocus sativus for the treatment of vascular dementia (VaD). Although SLT has been shown to increase cerebral blood flow, the direct effects of SLT on vascular reactivity have not been explored. This study aims to examine the vasodilatory effects of SLT and the underlying mechanisms in rat isolated tail artery. Methods Male (250-300 g) Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rat tail artery was isolated for isometric tension measurement. The effects of SLT on the influx of calcium through the cell membrane calcium channels were determined in Ca2+-free solution experiments. Results SLT (0.1-5,000 μg/ml) caused a concentration-dependent relaxation in rat isolated tail artery precontracted by phenylephrine. In the contraction experiments, SLT (500, 1,000, and 5,000 μg/mL) significantly inhibited phenylephrine (0.001 to 10 μM)- and KCl (10-80 mM)-induced contraction, in a concentration-dependent manner. In Ca2+-free solution, SLT (500, 1,000, and 5,000 μg/mL) markedly suppressed Ca2+-induced (0.001-3 mM) vasoconstriction in a concentration-dependent manner in both phenylephrine (10 μM) or KCl (80 mM) stimulated tail arteries. L-type calcium channel blocker nifedipine (10 μM) inhibited PE-induced contraction. Furthermore, SLT significantly reduced phenylephrine-induced transient vasoconstriction in the rat isolated tail artery. Conclusion SLT induces relaxation of rat isolated tail artery through endothelium-independent mechanisms. The SLT-induced vasodilatation appeared to be jointly meditated by blockages of extracellular Ca2+ influx via receptor-gated and voltage-gated Ca2+ channels and inhibition of the release of Ca2+ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
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Kitakaze T, Makiyama A, Nakai R, Kimura Y, Ashida H. Kaempferol modulates TCDD- and t-BHQ-induced drug-metabolizing enzymes and luteolin enhances this effect. Food Funct 2020; 11:3668-3680. [PMID: 32301455 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo02951f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The expression of drug-metabolizing enzymes is deeply involved in chemical-induced cancer progression and prevention. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) induces phase I, and certain phase II drug-metabolizing enzymes after the binding of ligands, such as 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). We have previously demonstrated that luteolin inhibited TCDD-induced AhR transformation, and modulated the expression of drug-metabolizing enzymes through not only the AhR, but also the nuclear factor-erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). We have examined the effect of kaempferol on the expression of drug-metabolizing enzymes through modulation of the AhR- and Nrf2-pathways, and the effect of co-treatment with kaempferol and luteolin. Kaempferol dose-dependently inhibited not only the TCDD-induced expression of phase I and phase II drug-metabolizing enzymes, but also the tertiary butylhydroquinone (t-BHQ)-induced expression of phase II drug-metabolizing enzymes, by modulating the AhR- and Nrf2-pathways. Co-treatment with kaempferol and luteolin enhanced the inhibitory effect on the expression of drug-metabolizing enzymes, compared with either kaempferol or luteolin alone. Moreover, co-treatment with kaempferol and luteolin increased the cellular levels of kaempferol without affecting the levels of luteolin. An in vivo study was also performed and the results demonstrated that co-treatment with kaempferol and luteolin enhanced the inhibition of benzo[a]pyrene-induced drug-metabolizing enzymes compared with either kaempferol or luteolin alone, in the liver of ICR mice. These results suggest that luteolin promoted the incorporation of kaempferol into hepatocytes and enhanced the inhibitory effect of kaempferol on chemical-induced drug-metabolizing enzymes. Thus, luteolin enhances the kaempferol-inhibited expression of drug-metabolizing enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Kitakaze
- Department of Agrobioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan.
| | - Atsushi Makiyama
- Department of Agrobioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan.
| | - Rika Nakai
- Department of Agrobioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan.
| | - Yuki Kimura
- Department of Agrobioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan.
| | - Hitoshi Ashida
- Department of Agrobioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan.
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Quercetin Is a Flavonoid Breast Cancer Resistance Protein Inhibitor with an Impact on the Oral Pharmacokinetics of Sulfasalazine in Rats. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12050397. [PMID: 32357395 PMCID: PMC7285070 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12050397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The potential inhibitory effect of quercetin, a major plant flavonol, on breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) activity was investigated in this study. The presence of quercetin significantly increased the cellular accumulation and associated cytotoxicity of the BCRP substrate mitoxantrone in human cervical cancer cells (HeLa cells) in a concentration-dependent manner. The transcellular efflux of prazosin, a stereotypical BCRP substrate, was also significantly reduced in the presence of quercetin in a bidirectional transport assay using human BCRP-overexpressing cells; further kinetic analysis revealed IC50 and Ki values of 4.22 and 3.91 μM, respectively. Moreover, pretreatment with 10 mg/kg quercetin in rats led to a 1.8-fold and 1.5-fold increase in the AUC8h (i.e., 44.5 ± 11.8 min∙μg/mL vs. 25.7 ± 9.98 min∙μg/mL, p < 0.05) and Cmax (i.e., 179 ± 23.0 ng/mL vs. 122 ± 23.2 ng/mL, p < 0.05) of orally administered sulfasalazine, respectively. Collectively, these results provide evidence that quercetin acts as an in vivo as well as in vitro inhibitor of BCRP. Considering the high dietary intake of quercetin as well as its consumption as a dietary supplement, issuing a caution regarding its food-drug interactions should be considered.
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19
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Role of kaempferol to increase bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of nifedipine in rats. Chin J Nat Med 2019; 17:690-697. [DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(19)30083-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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20
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Zhou N, Zou C, Qin M, Li Y, Huang J. A simple method for evaluation pharmacokinetics of glycyrrhetinic acid and potential drug-drug interaction between herbal ingredients. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11308. [PMID: 31383927 PMCID: PMC6683301 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47880-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A simple validated high performance liquid chromatography method was developed for the evaluation of the effect of three kinds of active ingredients in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) on the pharmacokinetics of glycyrrhetinic acid (GA),a kind of active component from the most commonly used TCM licorice. Our results revealed that all of the calibration curves displayed good linearity. Intra- and inter-day precision for GA ranged from 2.54 to 3.98% and from 4.95 to 7.08%, respectively. The recovery rates for GA were determined to be 96.3–106.4%. All the samples showed satisfactory precision and accuracy in various stability tests. Plasma pharmacokinetic parameters including area under the concentration-time curve (AUC), elimination half-life (t1/2), time to peak concentration(Tmax) and peak concentration Cmax were calculated. No significant difference was found as compared the groups administrating GA with and without other ingredients from TCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neng Zhou
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Biotechnology, Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory for Efficient Use of Agricultural Resources in the Southeast of Guangxi, College of Chemistry and Food Science, Yulin Normal University, Yulin, 53700, China.
| | - Caiyuan Zou
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Biotechnology, Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory for Efficient Use of Agricultural Resources in the Southeast of Guangxi, College of Chemistry and Food Science, Yulin Normal University, Yulin, 53700, China
| | - Menglin Qin
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Biotechnology, Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory for Efficient Use of Agricultural Resources in the Southeast of Guangxi, College of Chemistry and Food Science, Yulin Normal University, Yulin, 53700, China
| | - Yi Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Biotechnology, Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory for Efficient Use of Agricultural Resources in the Southeast of Guangxi, College of Chemistry and Food Science, Yulin Normal University, Yulin, 53700, China
| | - Jiayi Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Biotechnology, Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory for Efficient Use of Agricultural Resources in the Southeast of Guangxi, College of Chemistry and Food Science, Yulin Normal University, Yulin, 53700, China
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De Silva SF, Alcorn J. Flaxseed Lignans as Important Dietary Polyphenols for Cancer Prevention and Treatment: Chemistry, Pharmacokinetics, and Molecular Targets. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2019; 12:E68. [PMID: 31060335 PMCID: PMC6630319 DOI: 10.3390/ph12020068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer causes considerable morbidity and mortality across the world. Socioeconomic, environmental, and lifestyle factors contribute to the increasing cancer prevalence, bespeaking a need for effective prevention and treatment strategies. Phytochemicals like plant polyphenols are generally considered to have anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antimicrobial, and immunomodulatory effects, which explain their promotion for human health. The past several decades have contributed to a growing evidence base in the literature that demonstrate ability of polyphenols to modulate multiple targets of carcinogenesis linking models of cancer characteristics (i.e., hallmarks and nutraceutical-based targeting of cancer) via direct or indirect interaction or modulation of cellular and molecular targets. This evidence is particularly relevant for the lignans, an ubiquitous, important class of dietary polyphenols present in high levels in food sources such as flaxseed. Literature evidence on lignans suggests potential benefit in cancer prevention and treatment. This review summarizes the relevant chemical and pharmacokinetic properties of dietary polyphenols and specifically focuses on the biological targets of flaxseed lignans. The consolidation of the considerable body of data on the diverse targets of the lignans will aid continued research into their potential for use in combination with other cancer chemotherapies, utilizing flaxseed lignan-enriched natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Franklyn De Silva
- Drug Discovery & Development Research Group, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, 104 Clinic Place, Health Sciences Building, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan (SK), S7N 2Z4, Canada.
| | - Jane Alcorn
- Drug Discovery & Development Research Group, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, 104 Clinic Place, Health Sciences Building, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan (SK), S7N 2Z4, Canada.
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22
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Kibathi LW, Bae S, Penzak SR, Kumar P. Potential Influence of Centrally Acting Herbal Drugs on Transporters at the Blood-Cerebrospinal Fluid Barrier and Blood-Brain Barrier. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2019; 43:619-635. [PMID: 29858835 DOI: 10.1007/s13318-018-0486-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Complementary and alternative medications (CAM) with known or suspected pharmacologic activity in the central nervous system (CNS) are common. These herbal preparations may cause clinically significant drug-drug interactions (DDIs) when coadministered with medications that act in the CNS. This can result in negative outcomes such as toxicity or loss of efficacy. Most drug interaction reports with CAM focus on cytochrome P450 (CYP) modulation. However, drug interactions between CAM and conventional medications may occur via mechanisms other than CYP inhibition or induction; in particular, modulation of drug transport proteins represents an important mechanism by which such interactions may occur. This article provides an updated review of transporter-mediated mechanisms by which herbal products may theoretically interact with centrally acting medications at the blood-brain barrier and blood-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) barrier. Further research is required before the true clinical impact of interactions involving modulation of centrally located membrane transporters can be fully understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilian W Kibathi
- Clinical Pharmacokinetics Research Unit, Clinical Center Pharmacy Department, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - SoHyun Bae
- University of Iowa College of Pharmacy, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Scott R Penzak
- Department of Pharmacotherapy, University of North Texas System, College of Pharmacy, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd-RES 302B, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA.
| | - Parag Kumar
- Clinical Pharmacokinetics Research Unit, Clinical Center Pharmacy Department, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
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Fang Y, Xia M, Liang F, Cao W, Pan S, Xu X. Establishment and Use of Human Mouth Epidermal Carcinoma (KB) Cells Overexpressing P-Glycoprotein To Characterize Structure Requirements for Flavonoids Transported by the Efflux Transporter. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:2350-2360. [PMID: 30688455 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b00039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study was aimed to determine the mechanism for flavonoid poor absorption related to P-glycoprotein (P-gp). The cellular uptake (CU) of 40 flavonoids was investigated in P-gp overexpressing KB/multidrug-resistant (MDR) cells. A total of 9 flavonoids, including 5,7,3',4'-tetramethoxyflavone, with a significant ( p < 0.05) CUKBE (2.90 ± 0.146 μmol/g) higher than CUKBP (1.57 ± 0.129 μmol/g) were identified as P-gp substrates. Besides, 8 substrates, including tangeretin, showed a significant ( p < 0.05) CUKB (9.72 ± 1.09 μmol/g) higher than its CUKBP (7.36 ± 0.692 μmol/g). A total of 7 of 17 flavonoid substrates stimulated the P-gp efflux of rhodamine 123, and most substrates increased P-gp expression in KB/MDR cells. Docking analyses showed a good correlation ( R = 0.764; p < 0.01) between efflux fold and S_scoring of flavonoids to the P-gp model, indicating consistency between in silico and in vitro results. A structure-affinity relationship exhibited that 3-OH, 5-OH, 3'-OCH3, and 4'-OCH3 are crucial for flavonoids binding to P-gp. These results provide valuable information for finding a solution to improve the absorption of flavonoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajing Fang
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan , Hubei 430070 , People's Republic of China
| | - Mengmeng Xia
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan , Hubei 430070 , People's Republic of China
| | - Fuqiang Liang
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan , Hubei 430070 , People's Republic of China
| | - Weiwei Cao
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan , Hubei 430070 , People's Republic of China
| | - Siyi Pan
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan , Hubei 430070 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan , Hubei 430070 , People's Republic of China
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24
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Xiao Y, Xin L, Li L, Li G, Shi X, Ji G, Mi J, Xie Y. Quercetin and kaempferol increase the intestinal absorption of isorhamnetin coexisting in Elaeagnus rhamnoides (L.) A. Nelson (Elaeagnaceae) extracts via regulating multidrug resistance-associated protein 2. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 53:154-162. [PMID: 30668394 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 07/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Isorhamnetin (IS) is a flavonoid component with many biological activities such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer, which is also the main active component in total flavones of Elaeagnus rhamnoides (L.) A. Nelson (Elaeagnaceae) (TFH); however, the interaction between IS and other components in TFH is unclear. PURPOSE The aim of the present study was to investigate the enhancement of quercetin (QU) or kaempferol (KA) on the intestinal absorption of IS coexisting in TFH, and then preliminarily illuminate the related mechanisms. METHODS Firstly, the intestinal absorption of IS in the presence or absence of QU or KA was conducted by in vivo pharmacokinetics model, in situ single-pass intestinal perfusion model (SPIP), and MDCK II-MRP2 monolayer cell model to confirm the enhancement of QU or KA on IS absorption. Secondly, the effects of multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2) inhibitors on the IS intestinal absorption were investigated to ascertain the mediation of MRP2 on IS absorption. Finally, the effects of QU or KA on MRP2 activity, protein expression, and mRNA level were performed by SPIP, everted-gut sacs, western blotting, and real-time polymerase chain reaction experiments to elucidate the related mechanisms. RESULTS QU or KA increased IS intestinal absorption according to the increased AUC0-96h, Cmax, and Peff of IS after co-administrated with QU or KA to rats; the oral absorption of IS was mediated by MRP2 based on the facts that the average plasma concentration, AUC0-96h, and Peff of IS were increased when co-administrated with PR or MK571 (MRP2 inhibitors) as well as the Pratio(BL/AP) of IS was decreased by MK571 in MDCK II-MRP2 cell monolayer; the activity, protein expression, and mRNA level of MRP2 were inhibited or down-regulated by QU or KA because of the increased Peff of MRP2 substrate calcein (CA) and the down-regulated relative protein and mRNA intensity after co-treated with QU or KA. CONCLUSION QU and KA increased the intestinal absorption of IS in TFH by regulating the activity and expression of MRP2, which provides useful information for the investigation of the transporter-mediated interaction of flavonoid components in herbal extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xiao
- Research Center for Health and Nutrition, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Lei Xin
- Research Center for Health and Nutrition, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China; Pharmacy Department, Long Hua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Lujia Li
- Pharmacy Department, Shanghai TCM-integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200082, China
| | - Guowen Li
- Pharmacy Department, Shanghai TCM-integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200082, China
| | - Xiufeng Shi
- Pharmacy Department, Long Hua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Guang Ji
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jinxia Mi
- Science and Technology Center, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yan Xie
- Research Center for Health and Nutrition, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
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Fang Y, Liang F, Liu K, Qaiser S, Pan S, Xu X. Structure characteristics for intestinal uptake of flavonoids in Caco-2 cells. Food Res Int 2018; 105:353-360. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.11.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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26
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Li L, Fu Q, Xia M, Xin L, Shen H, Li G, Ji G, Meng Q, Xie Y. Inhibition of P-Glycoprotein Mediated Efflux in Caco-2 Cells by Phytic Acid. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:988-998. [PMID: 29282978 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b04307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Phytic acid (IP6) is a natural phosphorylated inositol, which is abundantly present in most cereal grains and seeds. This study investigated the effects of IP6 regulation on P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and its potential mechanisms using in situ and in vitro models. The effective permeability of the typical P-gp substrate rhodamine 123 (R123) in colon was significantly increased from (1.69 ± 0.22) × 10-5 cm/s in the control group to (3.39 ± 0.417) × 10-5 cm/s (p < 0.01) in the 3.5 mM IP6 group. Additionally, IP6 can concentration-dependently decrease the R123 efflux ratio in both Caco-2 and MDCK II-MDR1 cell monolayers and increase intracellular R123 accumulation in Caco-2 cells. Furthermore, IP6 noncompetitively inhibited P-gp by impacting R123 efflux kinetics. The noncompetitive inhibition of P-gp by IP6 was likely due to decreases in P-gp ATPase activity and P-gp molecular conformational changes induced by IP6. In summary, IP6 is a promising P-gp inhibitor candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lujia Li
- Research Center for Health and Nutrition, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Shanghai 201203, China
- Pharmacy Department, Shanghai TCM-integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Shanghai 200082, China
| | - Qingxue Fu
- Research Center for Health and Nutrition, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Shanghai 201203, China
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Mengxin Xia
- Research Center for Health and Nutrition, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Lei Xin
- Research Center for Health and Nutrition, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hongyi Shen
- Research Center for Health and Nutrition, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Guowen Li
- Pharmacy Department, Shanghai TCM-integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Shanghai 200082, China
| | - Guang Ji
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qianchao Meng
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yan Xie
- Research Center for Health and Nutrition, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Shanghai 201203, China
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Shanghai 200032, China
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Zha W. Transporter-mediated natural product-drug interactions for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. J Food Drug Anal 2017; 26:S32-S44. [PMID: 29703385 PMCID: PMC9326887 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2017.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 11/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The growing use of natural products in cardiovascular (CV) patients has been greatly raising the concerns about potential natural product–CV drug interactions. Some of these may lead to unexpected cardiovascular adverse effects and it is, therefore, essential to identify or predict potential natural product–CV drug interactions, and to understand the underlying mechanisms. Drug transporters are important determinants for the pharmacokinetics of drugs and alterations of drug transport has been recognized as one of the major causes of natural product–drug interactions. In last two decades, many CV drugs (e.g., angiotensin II receptor blockers, beta-blockers and statins) have been identified to be substrates and inhibitors of the solute carrier (SLC) transporters and the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, which are two major transporter superfamilies. Meanwhile, in vitro and in vivo studies indicate that a growing number of natural products showed cardioprotective effects (e.g., gingko biloba, danshen and their active ingredients) are also substrates and inhibitors of drug transporters. Thus, to understand transporter-mediated natural product–CV drug interactions is important and some transporter-mediated interactions have already shown to have clinical relevance. In this review, we review the current knowledge on the role of ABC and SLC transporters in CV therapy, as well as transporter modulation by natural products used in CV diseases and their induced natural product–CV drug interactions through alterations of drug transport. We hope our review will aid in a comprehensive summary of transporter-mediated natural product–CV drug interactions and help public and physicians understand these type of interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weibin Zha
- MyoKardia, South San Francisco, CA, USA.
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28
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Fang Y, Cao W, Xia M, Pan S, Xu X. Study of Structure and Permeability Relationship of Flavonoids in Caco-2 Cells. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9121301. [PMID: 29186068 PMCID: PMC5748751 DOI: 10.3390/nu9121301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids exhibit a broad range of biological activities. However, poor absorption of some flavonoids is a major limitation for use of flavonoids as nutraceuticals. To investigate the structure requirements for flavonoids intestinal absorption, transepithelial transport and cellular accumulation (CA) of 30 flavonoids were determined using the Caco-2 cell monolayer. The bilateral permeation of five types of flavonoids followed the order: flavanones ≥ isoflavones > flavones ≥ chalcones > flavonols. The concentration of flavonoids accumulated in cells did not correlate with cell penetration since the correlation coefficient between the apparent permeability coefficient (Papp) and their corresponding CA was poor (R2 < 0.3). Most flavonoids exhibited a ratio of 0.8–1.5 for Papp A to B/Papp B to A, suggesting passive diffusion pathways. However, luteolin, morin and taxifolin may involve the efflux mechanisms. The quantitative structure-permeability relationship (QSPR) study demonstrated that the intestinal absorption of flavonoids can be related to atomic charges on carbon 3′ (QC3′), molecule surface area (SlogP_V3), balance between the center of mass and position of hydrophobic region (vsurf_ID1) and solvation energy of flavonoids (E_sol). These results provide useful information for initially screening of flavonoids with high intestinal absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajing Fang
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Weiwei Cao
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Mengmeng Xia
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Siyi Pan
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Xiaoyun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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Pharmacokinetic Herb-Drug Interactions: Insight into Mechanisms and Consequences. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2016; 41:93-108. [PMID: 26311243 DOI: 10.1007/s13318-015-0296-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Herbal medicines are currently in high demand, and their popularity is steadily increasing. Because of their perceived effectiveness, fewer side effects and relatively low cost, they are being used for the management of numerous medical conditions. However, they are capable of affecting the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of coadministered conventional drugs. These interactions are particularly of clinically relevance when metabolizing enzymes and xenobiotic transporters, which are responsible for the fate of many drugs, are induced or inhibited, sometimes resulting in unexpected outcomes. This article discusses the general use of herbal medicines in the management of several ailments, their concurrent use with conventional therapy, mechanisms underlying herb-drug interactions (HDIs) as well as the drawbacks of herbal remedy use. The authors also suggest means of surveillance and safety monitoring of herbal medicines. Contrary to popular belief that "herbal medicines are totally safe," we are of the view that they are capable of causing significant toxic effects and altered pharmaceutical outcomes when coadministered with conventional medicines. Due to the paucity of information as well as sometimes conflicting reports on HDIs, much more research in this field is needed. The authors further suggest the need to standardize and better regulate herbal medicines in order to ensure their safety and efficacy when used alone or in combination with conventional drugs.
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Zheng L, Zhu L, Zhao M, Shi J, Li Y, Yu J, Jiang H, Wu J, Tong Y, Liu Y, Hu M, Lu L, Liu Z. In Vivo Exposure of Kaempferol Is Driven by Phase II Metabolic Enzymes and Efflux Transporters. AAPS JOURNAL 2016; 18:1289-1299. [PMID: 27393480 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-016-9951-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Kaempferol is a well-known flavonoid; however, it lacks extensive pharmacokinetic studies. Phase II metabolic enzymes and efflux transporters play an important role in the disposition of flavonoids. This study aimed to investigate the mechanism by which phase II metabolic enzymes and efflux transporters determine the in vivo exposure of kaempferol. Pharmacokinetic analysis in Sprague-Dawley rats revealed that kaempferol was mostly biotransformed to conjugates, namely, kaempferol-3-glucuronide (K-3-G), kaempferol-7-glucuronide (K-7-G), and kaempferol-7-sulfate, in plasma. K-3-G represented the major metabolite. Compared with that in wild-type mice, pharmacokinetics in knockout FVB mice demonstrated that the absence of multidrug resistance protein 2 (MRP2) and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) significantly increased the area under the curve (AUC) of the conjugates. The lack of MRP1 resulted in a much lower AUC of the conjugates. Intestinal perfusion in rats revealed that the glucuronide conjugates were mainly excreted in the small intestine, but 7-sulfate was mainly excreted in the colon. In Caco-2 monolayers, K-7-G efflux toward the apical (AP) side was significantly higher than K-3-G efflux. In contrast, K-3-G efflux toward the basolateral (BL) side was significantly higher than K-7-G efflux. The BL-to-AP efflux was significantly reduced in the presence of the MRP2 inhibitor LTC4. The AP-to-BL efflux was significantly decreased in the presence of the BL-side MRPs inhibitor MK571. The BCRP inhibitor Ko143 decreased the glucuronide conjugate efflux. Therefore, kaempferol is mainly exposed as K-3-G in vivo, which is driven by phase II metabolic enzymes and efflux transporters (i.e., BCRP and MRPs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zheng
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, People's Republic of China.,International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijun Zhu
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Zhao
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Shi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, People's Republic of China.,International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhuan Li
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Yu
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Huangyu Jiang
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinjun Wu
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunli Tong
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, People's Republic of China.,International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuting Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, People's Republic of China.,International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Hu
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, 1441 Moursund Street, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
| | - Linlin Lu
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhongqiu Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, People's Republic of China. .,International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, People's Republic of China.
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del Mar Contreras M, Borrás-Linares I, Herranz-López M, Micol V, Segura-Carretero A. Further exploring the absorption and enterocyte metabolism of quercetin forms in the Caco-2 model using nano-LC-TOF-MS. Electrophoresis 2015; 37:998-1006. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201500375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2015] [Revised: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- María del Mar Contreras
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences; University of Granada; Granada Spain
- Research and Development Functional Food Centre (CIDAF), Bioregión Building; Health Science Technological Park; Granada Spain
| | - Isabel Borrás-Linares
- Research and Development Functional Food Centre (CIDAF), Bioregión Building; Health Science Technological Park; Granada Spain
| | - María Herranz-López
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular (IBMC); Miguel Hernández University; Elche Alicante Spain
| | - Vicente Micol
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular (IBMC); Miguel Hernández University; Elche Alicante Spain
| | - Antonio Segura-Carretero
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences; University of Granada; Granada Spain
- Research and Development Functional Food Centre (CIDAF), Bioregión Building; Health Science Technological Park; Granada Spain
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32
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Xie Y, Duan J, Fu Q, Xia M, Zhang L, Li G, Wu T, Ji G. Comparison of isorhamnetin absorption properties in total flavones of Hippophae rhamnoides L. with its pure form in a Caco-2 cell model mediated by multidrug resistance-associated protein. Eur J Pharm Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2015.03.008
expr 998777939 + 995765851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
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33
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Xie Y, Duan J, Fu Q, Xia M, Zhang L, Li G, Wu T, Ji G. Comparison of isorhamnetin absorption properties in total flavones of Hippophae rhamnoides L. with its pure form in a Caco-2 cell model mediated by multidrug resistance-associated protein. Eur J Pharm Sci 2015; 73:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2015.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Revised: 03/14/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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34
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Duan J, Dang Y, Meng H, Wang H, Ma P, Li G, Wu T, Xie Y. A comparison of the pharmacokinetics of three different preparations of total flavones of Hippophae rhamnoides in beagle dogs after oral administration. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2015; 41:239-49. [DOI: 10.1007/s13318-015-0254-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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35
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Eid SY, El-Readi MZ, Fatani SH, Mohamed Nour Eldin EE, Wink M. Natural Products Modulate the Multifactorial Multidrug Resistance of Cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.4236/pp.2015.63017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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36
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Wang H, Cui Y, Fu Q, Deng B, Li G, Yang J, Wu T, Xie Y. A phospholipid complex to improve the oral bioavailability of flavonoids. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2014; 41:1693-703. [DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2014.991402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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37
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Teng ZH, Zhou SY, Ran YH, Liu XY, Yang RT, Yang X, Yuan CJ, Mei QB. Cellular Absorption of Anthraquinones Emodin and Chrysophanol in Human Intestinal Caco-2 Cells. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 71:1636-43. [PMID: 17617731 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.70025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The intestinal absorption characteristics of anthraquinones emodin and chrysophanol were observed by measuring the intracellular accumulation across Caco-2 cells by the reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography. The intracellular accumulation of chrysophanol was much greater than that of emodin, the maximum absorption of emodin and chrysophanol being 414.02+/-15.28 and 105.56+/-11.57 nmol/l x mg x protein, respectively. The absorption of each anthraquinone was significantly lower at 4 degrees C than that of 37 degrees C. The effects of the transport inhibitors, verapamil, cyclosporine and phloridzin, on the intracellular accumulation were also examined. Verapamil and cyclosporine increased the absorption of emodin and chrysophanol, while phloridzin inhibited their absorption, all in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggest that the absorption characteristics of emodin and chrysophanol were closely related to their special structure with the hydroxy groups. It is also likely that a specific transport system mediated the intracellular accumulation of emodin and chrysophanol across the Caco-2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeng-hui Teng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaan'xi, China
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Inhibition of P-Glycoprotein Enhances the Suppressive Effect of Kaempferol on Transformation of the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 73:1635-9. [DOI: 10.1271/bbb.90145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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39
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Development of a dynamic multiple reaction monitoring method for determination of digoxin and six active components of Ginkgo biloba leaf extract in rat plasma. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2014; 959:27-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2014.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Revised: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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40
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Duan J, Xie Y, Luo H, Li G, Wu T, Zhang T. Transport characteristics of isorhamnetin across intestinal Caco-2 cell monolayers and the effects of transporters on it. Food Chem Toxicol 2014; 66:313-20. [PMID: 24525098 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2014.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Revised: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Flavonoid isorhamnetin occurs in various plants and herbs, and demonstrates various biological effects in humans. This work will clarify the isorhamnetin absorption mechanism using the Caco-2 monolayer cell model. The isorhamnetin transport characteristics at different concentrations, pHs, temperatures, tight junctions and potential transporters were systemically investigated. Isorhamnetin was poorly absorbed by both passive diffusion and active transport mechanisms. Both trans- and paracellular pathways were involved during isorhamnetin transport. Active transport under an ATP-dependent transport mechanism was mediated by the organic anion transporting peptide (OATP); isorhamnetin's permeability from the apical to the basolateral side significantly decreased after estrone-3-sulfate was added (p<0.01). Efflux transporters, P-glycoproteins (P-gp), breast cancer resistance proteins (BCRP) and multidrug resistance proteins (MRPs) participated in the isorhamnetin transport process. Among them, the MRPs (especially MRP2) were the main efflux transporters for isorhamnetin; transport from the apical to the basolateral side increased 10.8-fold after adding an MRP inhibitor (MK571). This study details isorhamnetin's cellular transport and elaborates isorhamnetin's absorption mechanisms to provide a foundation for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingze Duan
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Research Center for Health and Nutrition, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yan Xie
- Research Center for Health and Nutrition, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Huilin Luo
- Research Center for Health and Nutrition, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Experiment Center of Teaching & Learning, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Guowen Li
- Pharmacy Department, Shanghai TCM-integrated Hospital, Shanghai 200082, China.
| | - Tao Wu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- Experiment Center of Teaching & Learning, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
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Hu HH, Bian YC, Liu Y, Sheng R, Jiang HD, Yu LS, Hu YZ, Zeng S. Evaluation of blood–brain barrier and blood–cerebrospinal fluid barrier permeability of 2-phenoxy-indan-1-one derivatives using in vitro cell models. Int J Pharm 2014; 460:101-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2013] [Revised: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 11/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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42
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Chan T, Li Z, Zheng J, Cheung FSG, Zhu L, Zhou F. Inhibitory effects of apigenin and kaempferol on the essential solute carrier transporters. World J Pharmacol 2013; 2:115-121. [DOI: 10.5497/wjp.v2.i4.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Revised: 09/17/2013] [Accepted: 10/18/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To evaluate the inhibitory effects of apigenin and kaempferol on the uptake of several important solute carrier (SLC) transporters.
METHODS: Various SLC transporters including the essential human organic anion transporter 1 (OAT1), OAT2, OAT3 and OAT4 as well as the important organic cation transporter 1 (OCTN1) and OCTN2, were over-expressed in human embryonic kidney (HEK)-293 cells, a well-established cell model of transporter studies. Transport uptake assay was performed 24 h after the transfection. The transport activity was assessed with the uptake of previously determined transporter model substrates and the inhibitory effect of apigenin and kaempferol was evaluated with the substrate uptake in the presence of 10 μmol/L of each compound. Uptake measurements with varying concentrations of inhibitors (ranged from 0.0001 to 50 μmol/L) were performed to further characterize the inhibitory potency of apigenin and kaempferol. The IC50 value (the concentration that inhibits 50% of the transporter function) of each compound was then calculated by the nonlinear regression model of Graphpad Prism 6.0 software.
RESULTS: Our data indicated that apigenin could potently inhibit the uptake of estrone-3-sulfate (ES) mediated by the HEK-293 cells expressing OAT2, OAT3 and OAT4 as well as the L-ergothioneine uptake via OCTN1-expressing HEK-293 cells. Among these transporters, the most prominent inhibition of apigenin was observed in the case of OAT3. Kaempferol showed significant inhibitory effects on the uptake of ES mediated through OAT2 and OAT3. Impaired L-ergothioneine uptake due to the presence of kaempferol was also observed in OCTN1-expressing HEK-293 cells. Similar to apigenin, kaempferol showed the most potent inhibitory effect on OAT3 as well. To further assess the inhibitory potencies of these two compounds on the uptake of ES mediated by OAT3-expressing HEK-293 cells, their IC50 values were then determined. Both chemicals showed pronounced inhibitory potencies on OAT3 with the IC50 values of 1.7 ± 0.1 and 1.0 ± 0.1 μmol/L (P < 0.01) for apigenin and kaempferol, respectively.
CONCLUSION: Both apigenin and kaempferol are potent inhibitors of OAT3; precautions will be necessary when co-administrating them with drugs that are substrates of OAT3.
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The steady-state serum concentration of genistein aglycone is affected by formulation: a bioequivalence study of bone products. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2012; 2013:273498. [PMID: 23484100 PMCID: PMC3591111 DOI: 10.1155/2013/273498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2012] [Revised: 11/19/2012] [Accepted: 11/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
An FDA-regulated, prescription medical food (Fosteum; 27 mg natural genistein, 200 IU cholecalciferol, 20 mg citrated zinc bisglycinate (4 mg elemental zinc) per capsule) and an over-the-counter (OTC) supplement (Citracal Plus Bone Density Builder; 27 mg synthetic genistein, 600 mg elemental calcium (calcium citrate), 400 IU vitamin D3, 50 mg magnesium, 7.5 mg zinc, 1 mg copper, 75 μg molybdenum, 250 μg boron per two tablets) were compared to a clinically proven bone formulation (27 mg natural genistein, 400 IU cholecalciferol, 500 mg elemental calcium (calcium carbonate) per tablet; the Squadrito formulation) in an 8-day steady-state pharmacokinetic (PK) study of healthy postmenopausal women (n = 30) randomized to receive 54 mg of genistein per day. Trough serum samples were obtained before the final dose on the morning of the ninth day followed by sampling at 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 24, 36, 48, 72, and 96 hrs. Total serum genistein, after β-glucuronidase/sulfatase digestion, was measured by time-resolved fluorometric assay. Maximal time (Tmax), concentration (Cmax), half-life (T1/2), and area under the curve (AUC) were determined for genistein in each formulation. Fosteum and the Squadrito study formulation were equivalent for genistein Tmax (2 hrs), Cmax (0.7 μM), T1/2 (18 ± 6.9 versus 21 ± 4.9 hrs), and AUC (9221 ± 413 versus 9818 ± 1370 ng·hr/mL). The OTC supplement's synthetically derived genistein, however, showed altered Tmax (6 hrs), Cmax (0.57 μM), T1/2 (8.3 ± 1.9 hrs), and AUC (6474 ± 287 ng·hr/mL). Differences in uptake may be due to multiple ingredients in the OTC supplement which interfere with genistein absorption.
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Zhao J, Zhu L, Li X, Bo B, Shu Y, Li G. An electrochemical method to assay the reversal effect on multi-drug resistance in tumor cells. Electrochem commun 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2012.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Li G, Zeng X, Xie Y, Cai Z, Moore JC, Yuan X, Cheng Z, Ji G. Pharmacokinetic properties of isorhamnetin, kaempferol and quercetin after oral gavage of total flavones of Hippophae rhamnoides L. in rats using a UPLC–MS method. Fitoterapia 2012; 83:182-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2011.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2011] [Revised: 10/15/2011] [Accepted: 10/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Park JW, Choi JS, Choi JS. Effects of Kaempferol, an Antioxidant, on the Bioavailability and Pharmacokinetics of Nimodipine in Rats. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL INVESTIGATION 2011. [DOI: 10.4333/kps.2011.41.5.301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Yang Y, Chan SW, Hu M, Walden R, Tomlinson B. Effects of some common food constituents on cardiovascular disease. ISRN CARDIOLOGY 2011; 2011:397136. [PMID: 22347642 PMCID: PMC3262529 DOI: 10.5402/2011/397136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2011] [Accepted: 04/19/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, and there is considerable interest in the role of dietary constituents and supplements in the prevention and treatment of these disorders. We reviewed the major publications related to potential effects on cardiovascular risk factors and outcomes of some common dietary constituents: carotenoids, flavonoid-rich cocoa, tea, red wine and grapes, coffee, omega-3 fatty acids, and garlic. Increased intake of some of these has been associated with reduced all-cause mortality or reduced incidence of myocardial infraction, stroke, and hypertension. However, although the evidence from observational studies is supportive of beneficial effects for most of these foodstuffs taken as part of the diet, potential benefits from the use of supplements derived from these natural products remain largely inconclusive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaling Yang
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Ribonnet L, Callebaut A, Nobels I, Scippo ML, Schneider YJ, De Saeger S, Pussemier L, Larondelle Y. Modulation of CYP1A1 activity by a Ginkgo biloba extract in the human intestinal Caco-2 cells. Toxicol Lett 2011; 202:193-202. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2011.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2010] [Revised: 02/04/2011] [Accepted: 02/07/2011] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Jaganathan SK. Can flavonoids from honey alter multidrug resistance? Med Hypotheses 2011; 76:535-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2010.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2010] [Revised: 12/13/2010] [Accepted: 12/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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