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Lian X, Fan K, Qin X, Liu Y. Amalgamated Pharmacoinformatics Study to Investigate the Mechanism of Xiao Jianzhong Tang against Chronic Atrophic Gastritis. Curr Comput Aided Drug Des 2024; 20:598-615. [PMID: 37475552 DOI: 10.2174/1573409919666230720141115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) Xiao Jianzhong Tang (XJZ) has a favorable efficacy in the treatment of chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG). However, its pharmacological mechanism has not been fully explained. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to find the potential mechanism of XJZ in the treatment of CAG using pharmacocoinformatics approaches. METHODS Network pharmacology was used to screen out the key compounds and key targets, MODELLER and GNNRefine were used to repair and refine proteins, Autodock vina was employed to perform molecular docking, Δ Lin_F9XGB was used to score the docking results, and Gromacs was used to perform molecular dynamics simulations (MD). RESULTS Kaempferol, licochalcone A, and naringenin, were obtained as key compounds, while AKT1, MAPK1, MAPK14, RELA, STAT1, and STAT3 were acquired as key targets. Among docking results, 12 complexes scored greater than five. They were run for 50ns MD. The free binding energy of AKT1-licochalcone A and MAPK1-licochalcone A was less than -15 kcal/mol and AKT1-naringenin and STAT3-licochalcone A was less than -9 kcal/mol. These complexes were crucial in XJZ treating CAG. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that licochalcone A could act on AKT1, MAPK1, and STAT3, and naringenin could act on AKT1 to play the potential therapeutic effect on CAG. The work also provides a powerful approach to interpreting the complex mechanism of TCM through the amalgamation of network pharmacology, deep learning-based protein refinement, molecular docking, machine learning-based binding affinity estimation, MD simulations, and MM-PBSA-based estimation of binding free energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Lian
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Effective Substances Research and Utilization in TCM of Shanxi Province, No. 92, Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, P.R. China
| | - Kaidi Fan
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Effective Substances Research and Utilization in TCM of Shanxi Province, No. 92, Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, P.R. China
| | - Xuemei Qin
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Effective Substances Research and Utilization in TCM of Shanxi Province, No. 92, Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, P.R. China
| | - Yuetao Liu
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Effective Substances Research and Utilization in TCM of Shanxi Province, No. 92, Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, P.R. China
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Wu Y, Wang Z, Du Q, Zhu Z, Chen T, Xue Y, Wang Y, Zeng Q, Shen C, Jiang C, Liu L, Zhu H, Liu Q. Pharmacological Effects and Underlying Mechanisms of Licorice-Derived Flavonoids. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2022; 2022:9523071. [PMID: 35082907 PMCID: PMC8786487 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9523071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma is the most frequently prescribed natural medicine in China and has been used for more than 2,000 years. The flavonoids of licorice have garnered considerable attention in recent decades due to their structural diversity and myriad pharmacological effects, especially as novel therapeutic agents against inflammation and cancer. Although many articles have been published to summarize different pharmacological activities of licorice in recent years, the systematic summary for flavonoid components is not comprehensive. Therefore, in this review, we summarized the pharmacological and mechanistic data from recent researches on licorice flavonoids and their bioactive components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufan Wu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Zhuxian Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Qunqun Du
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Zhaoming Zhu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Tingting Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yaqi Xue
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Quanfu Zeng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Chunyan Shen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Cuiping Jiang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Li Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Hongxia Zhu
- Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510315, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
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Ur Rashid H, Xu Y, Ahmad N, Muhammad Y, Wang L. Promising anti-inflammatory effects of chalcones via inhibition of cyclooxygenase, prostaglandin E 2, inducible NO synthase and nuclear factor κb activities. Bioorg Chem 2019; 87:335-365. [PMID: 30921740 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Chalcones (1, 3-Diphenyl-2-propen-1-one) consist of a three carbon α, β-unsaturated carbonyl system and act as precursors for the biosynthesis of flavonoids in plants. However, laboratory synthesis of various chalcones has also been reported. Both natural and synthetic chalcones are known to exhibit a variety of pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammatory, antitumor, antibacterial, antifungal, antimalarial and antituberculosis. These promising activities, ease of synthesis and simple chemical structure have awarded chalcones considerable attraction. This review focuses on the anti-inflammatory effects of chalcones, caused by their inhibitory action primarily against the activities and expressions of four key inflammatory mediators viz., cyclooxygenase, prostaglandin E2, inducible NO synthase, and nuclear factor κB. Various methodologies for the synthesis of chalcones have been discussed. The potency of recently synthesized chalcones is given in terms of their IC50 values. Structure-Activity Relationships (SARs) of a variety of chalcone derivatives have been discussed. Computational methods were applied to calculate the ideal orientation of a typical chalcone scaffold against three enzymes, namely, cyclooxygenase-1, cyclooxygenase-2 and inducible NO synthase for the formation of stable complexes. The global market of anti-inflammatory drugs and its expected growth (from 2018 to 2026) have been discussed. SAR analysis, docking studies, and future prospects all together provide useful clues for the synthesis of novel chalcones of improved anti-inflammatory activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haroon Ur Rashid
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, 530004 Nanning, China; Department of Chemistry, Sarhad University of Science & Information Technology, 25000 Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Yiming Xu
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, 530004 Nanning, China
| | - Nasir Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, Islamia College University, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Yaseen Muhammad
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, 530004 Nanning, China
| | - Lisheng Wang
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, 530004 Nanning, China; Medical College, Guangxi University, Nanning, China.
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4
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Role of PGE-2 and Other Inflammatory Mediators in Skin Aging and Their Inhibition by Topical Natural Anti-Inflammatories. COSMETICS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/cosmetics6010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Human skin aging is due to two types of aging processes, “intrinsic” (chronological) aging and “extrinsic” (external factor mediated) aging. While inflammatory events, triggered mainly by sun exposure, but also by pollutants, smoking and stress, are the principle cause of rapid extrinsic aging, inflammation also plays a key role in intrinsic aging. Inflammatory events in the skin lead to a reduction in collagen gene activity but an increase in activity of the genes for matrix metalloproteinases. Inflammation also alters proliferation rates of cells in all skin layers, causes thinning of the epidermis, a flattening of the dermo-epidermal junction, an increase in irregular pigment production, and, finally, an increased incidence of skin cancer. While a large number of inflammatory mediators, including IL-1, TNF-alpha and PGE-2, are responsible for many of these damaging effects, this review will focus primarily on the role of PGE-2 in aging. Levels of this hormone-like mediator increase quickly when skin is exposed to ultraviolet radiation (UVR), causing changes in genes needed for normal skin structure and function. Further, PGE-2 levels in the skin gradually increase with age, regardless of whether or not the skin is protected from UVR, and this smoldering inflammation causes continuous damage to the dermal matrix. Finally, and perhaps most importantly, PGE-2 is strongly linked to skin cancer. This review will focus on: (1) the role of inflammation, and particularly the role of PGE-2, in accelerating skin aging, and (2) current research on natural compounds that inhibit PGE-2 production and how these can be developed into topical products to retard or even reverse the aging process, and to prevent skin cancer.
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Mamedov NA, Egamberdieva D. Phytochemical Constituents and Pharmacological Effects of Licorice: A Review. PLANT AND HUMAN HEALTH, VOLUME 3 2019. [PMCID: PMC7123875 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-04408-4_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Licorice (or “liquorice”) is one of most widely used in foods, herbal medicine, and extensively researched medicinal plants of the world. In traditional medicine licorice roots have been used against treating many ailments including lung diseases, arthritis, kidney diseases, eczema, heart diseases, gastric ulcer, low blood pressure, allergies, liver toxicity, and certain microbial infections. Licorice extract contains sugars, starch, bitters, resins, essential oils, tannins, inorganic salts, and low levels of nitrogenous constituents such as proteins, individual amino acids, and nucleic acids. A large number of biological active compounds have been isolated from Glycyrrhiza species, where triterpene saponins and flavonoids are the main constitutes which show broad biological activity. This review examines recent studies on the phytochemical and pharmacological data and describes some side effects and toxicity of licorice and its bioactive components.
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Yang G, Lee HE, Yeon SH, Kang HC, Cho YY, Lee HS, Zouboulis CC, Han SH, Lee JH, Lee JY. Licochalcone A attenuates acne symptoms mediated by suppression of NLRP3 inflammasome. Phytother Res 2018; 32:2551-2559. [PMID: 30281174 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Activation of the NACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome by Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) is critical for inducing inflammation and aggravating the development of acne lesions. We searched for available small-molecule inhibitors of the NLRP3 inflammasome that could be topically administered for the treatment of acne. We found that licochalcone A, a chalconoid isolated from the root of Glycyrrhiza inflate, was an effective inhibitor for P. acnes-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Licochalcone A blocked P. acnes-induced production of caspase-1(p10) and IL-1β in primary mouse macrophages and human SZ95 sebocytes, indicating the suppression of NLRP3 inflammasome. Licochalcone A suppressed P. acnes-induced ASC speck formation and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species. Topical application of licochalcone A to mouse ear skin attenuated P. acnes-induced skin inflammation as shown by histological assessment, ear thickness measurement, and inflammatory gene expression. Licochalcone A reduced caspase-1 activity and IL-1β production in mouse ear injected with P. acnes. This study demonstrated that licochalcone A is effective in the control of P. acnes-induced skin inflammation as an efficient inhibitor for NLRP3 inflammasome. Our study provides a new paradigm for the development of anti-acne therapy via targeting NLRP3 inflammasome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabsik Yang
- BK21plus team, College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Hye Eun Lee
- BK21plus team, College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Sang Hyeon Yeon
- BK21plus team, College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Han Chang Kang
- BK21plus team, College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Yong-Yeon Cho
- BK21plus team, College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Hye Suk Lee
- BK21plus team, College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Christos C Zouboulis
- Departments of Dermatology, Venereology, Allergology, and Immunology, Dessau Medical Center, Brandenburg Medical School Theodore Fontane, Dessau, Germany
| | - Sin-Hee Han
- Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Eumsung, Korea
| | - Jeong-Hoon Lee
- Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Eumsung, Korea
| | - Joo Young Lee
- BK21plus team, College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Korea
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Kuramoto K, Suzuki S, Sakaki H, Takeda H, Sanomachi T, Seino S, Narita Y, Kayama T, Kitanaka C, Okada M. Licochalcone A specifically induces cell death in glioma stem cells via mitochondrial dysfunction. FEBS Open Bio 2017; 7:835-844. [PMID: 28593138 PMCID: PMC5458486 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Revised: 04/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme is the most malignant primary intrinsic brain tumor. Glioma stem cells (GSCs) are associated with chemoradiotherapy resistance and the recurrence of glioblastomas after conventional therapy. The targeting of GSCs is potentially an effective treatment for the long‐term survival of glioblastoma patients. Licochalcone A, a natural chalconoid from licorice root, exerts anticancer effects; however, its effect on GSCs remains unknown. We found that Licochalcone A induced massive caspase‐dependent death in GSCs but not in differentiated GSCs nor normal somatic and neural stem cells. Prior to cell death, Licochalcone A caused mitochondrial fragmentation and reduced the membrane potential and ATP production in GSCs. Thus, Licochalcone A induces mitochondrial dysfunction and shows promise as an anticancer stem cell drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Kuramoto
- Department of Molecular Cancer Science Yamagata University School of Medicine Japan
| | - Shuhei Suzuki
- Department of Molecular Cancer Science Yamagata University School of Medicine Japan.,Department of Clinical Oncology Yamagata University School of Medicine Japan
| | - Hirotsugu Sakaki
- Department of Molecular Cancer Science Yamagata University School of Medicine Japan.,Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology Yamagata University School of Medicine Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Takeda
- Department of Molecular Cancer Science Yamagata University School of Medicine Japan.,Department of Clinical Oncology Yamagata University School of Medicine Japan
| | - Tomomi Sanomachi
- Department of Molecular Cancer Science Yamagata University School of Medicine Japan
| | - Shizuka Seino
- Department of Molecular Cancer Science Yamagata University School of Medicine Japan.,Research Institute for Promotion of Medical Sciences Faculty of MedicineYamagata University Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Narita
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neuro-Oncology National Cancer Center Hospital Tokyo Japan
| | - Takamasa Kayama
- Research Institute for Promotion of Medical Sciences Faculty of MedicineYamagata University Japan.,Department of Neurosurgery Yamagata University School of Medicine Japan.,Department of Advanced Cancer Science Faculty of Medicine Yamagata University Japan
| | - Chifumi Kitanaka
- Department of Molecular Cancer Science Yamagata University School of Medicine Japan.,Research Institute for Promotion of Medical Sciences Faculty of MedicineYamagata University Japan
| | - Masashi Okada
- Department of Molecular Cancer Science Yamagata University School of Medicine Japan
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Öztürk M, Altay V, Hakeem KR, Akçiçek E. Economic Importance. LIQUORICE 2017. [PMCID: PMC7120331 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-74240-3_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The beneficial effects of liquorice in treating chills, colds, and coughs have been fully discussed in Ayurveda, as well as in the texts of ancient Egyptians, Greeks, and Romans. The plant has been prescribed for dropsy during the period of famous Hippocrates. The reason being that it was quite helpful as thirst-quenching drugs (Biondi et al. in J Nat Prod 68:1099–1102, 2005; Mamedov and Egamberdieva in Herbals and human health-phytochemistry. Springer Nature Publishers, 41 pp, 2017). No doubt, the clinical use of liquorice in modern medicine started around 1930; Pedanios Dioscorides of Anazarba (Adana), first century AD-Father of Pharmacists, mentions that it is highly effective in the treatment of stomach and intestinal ulcers. In Ayurveda, people in ancient Hindu culture have used it for improving sexual vigor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Münir Öztürk
- Department of Botany and Center for Environmental Studies, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Volkan Altay
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts, Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey
| | - Khalid Rehman Hakeem
- Department of Biological Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eren Akçiçek
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
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Law BYK, Mok SWF, Wu AG, Lam CWK, Yu MXY, Wong VKW. New Potential Pharmacological Functions of Chinese Herbal Medicines via Regulation of Autophagy. Molecules 2016; 21:359. [PMID: 26999089 PMCID: PMC6274228 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21030359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a universal catabolic cellular process for quality control of cytoplasm and maintenance of cellular homeostasis upon nutrient deprivation and environmental stimulus. It involves the lysosomal degradation of cellular components such as misfolded proteins or damaged organelles. Defects in autophagy are implicated in the pathogenesis of diseases including cancers, myopathy, neurodegenerations, infections and cardiovascular diseases. In the recent decade, traditional drugs with new clinical applications are not only commonly found in Western medicines, but also highlighted in Chinese herbal medicines (CHM). For instance, pharmacological studies have revealed that active components or fractions from Chaihu (Radix bupleuri), Hu Zhang (Rhizoma polygoni cuspidati), Donglingcao (Rabdosia rubesens), Hou po (Cortex magnoliae officinalis) and Chuan xiong (Rhizoma chuanxiong) modulate cancers, neurodegeneration and cardiovascular disease via autophagy. These findings shed light on the potential new applications and formulation of CHM decoctions via regulation of autophagy. This article reviews the roles of autophagy in the pharmacological actions of CHM and discusses their new potential clinical applications in various human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betty Yuen Kwan Law
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China.
| | - Simon Wing Fai Mok
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China.
| | - An Guo Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China.
| | - Christopher Wai Kei Lam
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China.
| | - Margaret Xin Yi Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China.
| | - Vincent Kam Wai Wong
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China.
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Gómez-Florit M, Monjo M, Ramis JM. Quercitrin for periodontal regeneration: effects on human gingival fibroblasts and mesenchymal stem cells. Sci Rep 2015; 5:16593. [PMID: 26558438 PMCID: PMC4642307 DOI: 10.1038/srep16593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontal disease (PD) is the result of an infection and chronic inflammation of the gingiva that may lead to its destruction and, in severe cases, alveolar bone and tooth loss. The ultimate goal of periodontal treatment is to achieve periodontal soft and hard tissues regeneration. We previously selected quercitrin, a catechol-containing flavonoid, as a potential agent for periodontal applications. In this study, we tested the ability of quercitrin to alter biomarker production involved in periodontal regeneration on primary human gingival fibroblasts (hGF) and primary human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) cultured under basal and inflammatory conditions. To mimic PD inflammatory status, interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) was used. The expression of different genes related to inflammation and extracellular matrix were evaluated and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production was quantified in hGFs; alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and calcium content were analysed in hMSCs. Quercitrin decreased the release of the inflammatory mediator PGE2 and partially re-established the impaired collagen metabolism induced by IL-1β treatment in hGFs. Quercitrin also increased ALP activity and mineralization in hMSCs, thus, it increased hMSCs differentiation towards the osteoblastic lineage. These findings suggest quercitrin as a novel bioactive molecule with application to enhance both soft and hard tissue regeneration of the periodontium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Gómez-Florit
- Group of Cell Therapy and Tissue Engineering, Research Institute on Health Sciences (IUNICS). University of Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Palma, 07010 Palma, España
| | - Marta Monjo
- Group of Cell Therapy and Tissue Engineering, Research Institute on Health Sciences (IUNICS). University of Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Palma, 07010 Palma, España
| | - Joana M Ramis
- Group of Cell Therapy and Tissue Engineering, Research Institute on Health Sciences (IUNICS). University of Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Palma, 07010 Palma, España
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Chularojanamontri L, Tuchinda P, Kulthanan K, Varothai S, Winayanuwattikun W. A double-blinded, randomized, vehicle-controlled study to access skin tolerability and efficacy of an anti-inflammatory moisturizer in treatment of acne with 0.1% adapalene gel. J DERMATOL TREAT 2015; 27:140-5. [PMID: 26293170 DOI: 10.3109/09546634.2015.1079298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Topical retinoids are considered to be the first-line agents and maintenance therapy of acne; however, irritation side effects are major concern issues. Noncomedogenic moisturizers are sometimes added to relieve cutaneous irritations. This study aimed to compare tolerability and efficacy of moisturizers containing licochalcone A, l-carnitine and 1,2-decanediol (active formulation) with a placebo in mild to moderate severe acne in Asian subjects. METHODS This was an 8-week double-blind, prospective, randomized controlled study. All patients (n = 120) were randomized equally into three groups: (A) adapalene gel, (B) adapalene gel with the active formulation and (C) adapalene gel with the placebo. The severity of acne, skin bioengineering measurements and skin tolerability were recorded during the study. RESULTS Compared to baseline, the active formulation group showed significant reductions in inflammatory lesions and total lesions at the end of the study without flare-up. Moreover, skin irritations were less detected than in the other two groups by corneometer and transepidermal water loss measurements. CONCLUSIONS The concomitant usage of adapalene gel and the moisturizer containing licochalcone A, l-carnitine and 1,2-decanediol could reduce undesirable side effects without interfering the efficacy of adapalene. This moisturizer may be superior to placebo to prevent cutaneous irritations and enhance patients' adherence to acne medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leena Chularojanamontri
- a Department of Dermatology , Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University , Bangkok , Thailand
| | - Papapit Tuchinda
- a Department of Dermatology , Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University , Bangkok , Thailand
| | - Kanokvalai Kulthanan
- a Department of Dermatology , Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University , Bangkok , Thailand
| | - Supenya Varothai
- a Department of Dermatology , Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University , Bangkok , Thailand
| | - Waranaree Winayanuwattikun
- a Department of Dermatology , Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University , Bangkok , Thailand
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Abstract
Cancer is still a major health issue worldwide and identifying novel but safe compounds for prevention and treatment is a high priority. Licorice (Glycyrrhiza) is a perennial plant that is cultivated in many countries and has been reported to exert antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer effects. However, some components of licorice exert unwanted side effects and therefore identifying safer licorice components would be ideal. The anticancer activities of many of the licorice components appear to include cycle arrest, apoptosis induction, and general antioxidant effects. Commonly reported indirect protein targets important in tumorigenesis include many cell cycle-related proteins, apoptosis-associated proteins, MMP proteins, COX-2, GSK-β, Akt, NF-κB, and MAP kinases. Importantly, several licorice components were reported to directly bind to and inhibit the activities of PI3-K, MKK4, MKK7, JNK1, mTOR, and Cdk2, resulting in decreased carcinogenesis in several cell and mouse models with no obvious toxicity. This review focuses on specific components of licorice for which a direct protein target has been identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann M. Bode
- The Hormel Institute University of Minnesota, 801 16th Ave NE, Austin, MN 55912 USA
| | - Zigang Dong
- The Hormel Institute University of Minnesota, 801 16th Ave NE, Austin, MN 55912 USA
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13
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Angelova-Fischer I, Neufang G, Jung K, Fischer TW, Zillikens D. A randomized, investigator-blinded efficacy assessment study of stand-alone emollient use in mild to moderately severe atopic dermatitis flares. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2014; 28 Suppl 3:9-15. [PMID: 24702445 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.12479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whereas emollients are integral to the long-term management of atopic dermatitis (AD), the evidence for their efficacy in disease flares is limited. OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate the stand-alone efficacy of an emollient formulation with regard to improvement of the clinical symptoms, skin barrier function and reduction of pathogenic bacterial colonization in acute stage of AD. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty AD volunteers aged 12-65 years with symmetric, mild to moderately severe inflammatory lesions on the forearms/arms were recruited for the study. At inclusion, the forearms/arms of each volunteer were randomized to receive for 1 week either an o/w formulation containing licochalcone A (Glycyrrhiza Inflata root extract), decanediol, menthoxypropanediol and ω-6-fatty acids (emollient arm) or 1% hydrocortisone (HC arm); after 1 week, the application of the emollient and HC were discontinued and the volunteers applied a w/o emollient containing licochalcone A and ω-6-fatty acids on both arms for further 3 weeks. The outcomes included reduction of the clinical and itch severity, decrease in S.aureus colonization, improvement of the barrier function, skin hydration and skin tolerability assessed after 1 week (D7) and after 4 weeks (D28) respectively. RESULTS In both arms, there was a significant decrease in the severity score, itch intensity, erythema and TEWL on D7 and D28 compared to baseline. In addition, emollient use resulted in pronounced decrease in S.aureus colonization and significant increase of skin hydration on D7. The comparison of the outcomes, based on percentage change from baseline, showed no significant differences between the emollient and HC arm at any time point. CONCLUSIONS The results of the study indicate that the 1-week stand-alone application of an emollient, tailored to target inflammation, pruritus, compromised barrier function and pathogenic bacterial colonization may offer benefit for the improvement of mild to moderately severe localized flares of AD.
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Wang Y, Wang P, Xu C, Yang Y, Li J, Chen T, Li Z, Cui W, Zhou Q, Sun S, Li H. Macro-fingerprint analysis-through-separation of licorice based on FT-IR and 2DCOS-IR. J Mol Struct 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2014.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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15
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Angelova-Fischer I, Rippke F, Fischer TW, Neufang G, Zillikens D. A double-blind, randomized, vehicle-controlled efficacy assessment study of a skin care formulation for improvement of mild to moderately severe acne. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2013; 27 Suppl 2:6-11. [PMID: 23731195 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.12168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Accepted: 04/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation, increased sebum production and P. acnes colonization are key factors in acne pathogenesis. Cosmetic formulations based on a combination of active compounds with in vitro proven anti-inflammatory, sebum regulating and P. acnes reducing properties may therefore contribute to improve the clinical signs and associated burden of disease. OBJECTIVE To provide in vivo proof-of-concept, we performed a 9-week, double-blind, randomized, vehicle-controlled study to assess the stand-alone efficacy of a skin care formulation containing licochalcone A, l-carnitine and 1,2-decanediol in volunteers with mild to moderately severe acne (10-25 inflammatory lesions) involving the face. MATERIALS AND METHODS After enrolment followed by a 1-week standardization of the cleansing procedure, 60 volunteers aged 14-40 years (40 women and 20 men, mean age 22.4 years) were randomized into two groups of 30 volunteers each, to apply either the active formulation or the vehicle twice daily on the face for 8 weeks. Reduction in the lesion count, P. acnes and sebum levels, stratum corneum hydration, Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) and skin tolerability, assessed after 4 and 8 weeks were defined as outcomes. RESULTS Compared to baseline, the active formulation group showed at the end of the study a reduction in the mean total lesions count and papular lesions, significant reduction in the pustules (P < 0.05) and sebum levels (P < 0.01), marked reduction in P. acnes and improvement of DLQI. No significant changes in the respective parameters were found in the vehicle group. At the end of the study, greater reduction in the total lesion count, papules and pustules, P. acnes colonization, sebum production and more pronounced improvement of life quality in the active formulation group compared to the vehicle were found. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide evidence for improved outcomes in result of the application of the active formulation compared to the vehicle from both physician's and patient's perspective.
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Zhou S, Cao J, Qiu F, Kong W, Yang S, Yang M. Simultaneous determination of five bioactive components in radix glycyrrhizae by pressurised liquid extraction combined with UPLC-PDA and UPLC/ESI-QTOF-MS confirmation. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2013; 24:527-33. [PMID: 23427103 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2012] [Revised: 12/26/2012] [Accepted: 01/12/2013] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Glycyrrhizae species are popular ingredients of herbal medicine in most traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions, and they mainly contain flavonoids and triterpene saponins. The contents of these bioactive compounds may vary in different batches and affect the therapeutic effects. Thus comprehensive quality control and monitoring of their herbal formulation are of paramount concern. OBJECTIVE To establish a rapid, effective pressurised liquid extraction (PLE) and ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with photodiode array (UPLC-PDA) method to evaluate the quality of Glycyrrhizae species. METHODS Radix Glycyrrhizae was extracted by PLE using 70% ethanol at 100°C for 15 min during three static extraction cycles. Separation was performed using an UPLC system to quantify five bioactive compounds, namely liquiritin apioside, liquiritin, liquiritigenin, glycyrrhizic acid and glycyrrhetinic acid, in 12 batches of samples of different origins in China. Furthermore, the samples were analysed using an ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionisation and time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC/ESI-QTOF-MS) system to confirm the results. RESULTS The calibration curves of all five analytes showed good linearity (R(2) > 0.9997). Accuracy, precision and repeatability were all within required limits. The mean recoveries measured at the three concentrations were higher than 93.7% with RSDs lower than < 3.33% for the targets. CONCLUSION The established PLE and UPLC-PDA method could serve as a rapid and effective method for quality evaluation of Radix Glycyrrhizae. The UPLC technique can be considered as an attractive alternative to HPLC in routine quality control of Chinese medicine, especially in situations where high sample throughput and fast analytical speed are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujun Zhou
- Jilin Agricultural University, 130118, Changchun, China; Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, 100193, Beijing, China
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Liu H, Wang J, Zhou W, Wang Y, Yang L. Systems approaches and polypharmacology for drug discovery from herbal medicines: an example using licorice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 146:773-93. [PMID: 23415946 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2012] [Revised: 02/03/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Licorice, one of the oldest and most popular herbal medicines in the world, has been widely used in traditional Chinese medicine as a cough reliever, anti-inflammatory, anti-anabrosis, immunomodulatory, anti-platelet, antiviral (hepatitis) and detoxifying agent. Licorice was used as an example to show drug discovery from herbal drugs using systems approaches and polypharmacology. AIM OF THE STUDY Herbal medicines are becoming more mainstream in clinical practice and show value in treating and preventing diseases. However, due to its extreme complexity both in chemical components and mechanisms of action, deep understanding of botanical drugs is still difficult. Thus, a comprehensive systems approach which could identify active ingredients and their targets in the crude drugs and more importantly, understand the biological basis for the pharmacological properties of herbal medicines is necessary. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, a novel systems pharmacology model that integrates oral bioavailability screening, drug-likeness evaluation, blood-brain barrier permeation, target identification and network analysis has been established to investigate the herbal medicines. RESULTS The comprehensive systems approach effectively identified 73 bioactive components from licorice and 91 potential targets for this medicinal herb. These 91 targets are closely associated with a series of diseases of respiratory system, cardiovascular system, and gastrointestinal system, etc. These targets are further mapped to drug-target and drug-target-disease networks to elucidate the mechanism of this herbal medicine. CONCLUSION This work provides a novel in silico strategy for investigation of the botanical drugs containing a huge number of components, which has been demonstrated by the well-studied licorice case. This attempt should be helpful for understanding definite mechanisms of action for herbal medicines and discovery of new drugs from plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liu
- Bioinformatics Center, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
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Schweiger D, Baufeld C, Drescher P, Oltrogge B, Höpfner S, Mess A, Lüttke J, Rippke F, Filbry A, Max H. Efficacy of a new tonic containing urea, lactate, polidocanol, and glycyrrhiza inflata root extract in the treatment of a dry, itchy, and subclinically inflamed scalp. Skin Pharmacol Physiol 2013; 26:108-18. [PMID: 23549137 DOI: 10.1159/000348473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2012] [Accepted: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Dry, itchy and inflamed scalp conditions are common and often associated with diseases such as atopic dermatitis or psoriasis. To improve these symptoms, we investigated the efficacy of a new tonic containing the active ingredients urea, lactate, polidocanol, and Glycyrrhiza inflata root extract, containing licochalcone A. STUDY DESIGN/METHODS 30 subjects with dry and itchy scalp conditions underwent a randomized half-head study for 4 weeks, applying the leave-on tonic three times a week on one side of the scalp. Tonic effects on skin hydration, itching, lipids, microinflammation, and substantivity of tonic compounds were determined using corneometry, middle-infrared spectroscopy, direct analysis in real-time mass spectrometry, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Volunteers performed a self-assessment; changes in scalp condition were documented by in vivo microscopy. RESULTS After tonic treatment, scalp moisture was significantly increased, whereas scalp itching and tautness were significantly reduced. Results also demonstrated a high substantivity of urea and lactate on the scalp, an increase in triglyceride, and a decrease in free fatty acid levels. The amount of total lipids was unchanged. Analyses of scalp wash-ups verified a significant reduction in important pro-inflammatory markers. CONCLUSION Due to the actives urea, lactate, polidocanol, and the anti-inflammatory licochalcone A, the new scalp tonic exhibited excellent performance in alleviating scalp dryness, itching, microinflammation, and in normalizing disturbances of scalp lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothea Schweiger
- Research and Development, Beiersdorf AG, Hamburg, Germany. dorothea.schweiger @ beiersdorf.com
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Kim SJ, Jun JG. First Total Synthesis of Highly Anti-Inflammatory Active Licochalcone D Through Water-Accelerated [3,3]-Sigmatropic Rearrangement. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2013. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2013.34.1.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Wananukul S, Chatproedprai S, Charutragulchai W. Randomized, double-blind, split-side comparison study of moisturizer containing licochalcone vs. 1% hydrocortisone in the treatment of infantile seborrhoeic dermatitis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2011; 26:894-7. [PMID: 21790793 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2011.04187.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infantile seborrhoeic dermatitis (ISD) is a common skin lesion in infants. There may be differences in recommendation for treatment of ISD. OBJECTIVE To compare the efficacy of moisturizer containing licochalcone vs. 1% hydrocortisone for the treatment of ISD. METHODS This was a randomized, prospective, split-side, double-blind study that was conducted in 75 infants between the age of 2 weeks and 1 year. Patients with a clinical diagnosis of ISD were treated twice daily, simultaneously with either moisturizer containing 0.025% licochalcone or 1% hydrocortisone on opposite sides of the lesion. The scoring system was used to assess the severity of the rash by the presence of erythema, scale and crusts. The lesions on each side were evaluated on day 0, 3-4, 6-7 and 14. RESULTS A total of 72 patients completed the study. The moisturizer containing licochalcone group had a higher clearing rate (42%) compared to 1% hydrocortisone group (32%) (P=0.03) on day 3-4. Both products were equally effective in the treatment at day 6-7 and 14 (P=0.45 and 1, respectively). By the end of the second week, the cure rate of the moisturizer containing 0.025% licochalcone and 1% hydrocortisone group was 90% and 92%, respectively. LIMITATIONS The small sample size was a study limitation. CONCLUSION Moisturizer containing 0.025% licochalcone had higher cure rate compared to 1% hydrocortisone for the treatment of ISD at day 3-4. However, by the end of the first week, this difference was no longer significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Wananukul
- Division of Pediatric Dermatology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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González R, Ballester I, López-Posadas R, Suárez MD, Zarzuelo A, Martínez-Augustin O, Sánchez de Medina F. Effects of flavonoids and other polyphenols on inflammation. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2011; 51:331-62. [PMID: 21432698 DOI: 10.1080/10408390903584094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 345] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Flavonoids are a family of polyphenolic compounds which are widespread in nature (vegetables) and are consumed as part of the human diet in significant amounts. There are other types of polyphenols, including, for example, tannins and resveratrol. Flavonoids and related polyphenolic compounds have significant antiinflammatory activity, among others. This short review summarizes the current knowledge on the effects of flavonoids and related polyphenolic compounds on inflammation, with a focus on structural requirements, the mechanisms involved, and pharmacokinetic considerations. Different molecular (cyclooxygenase, lipoxygenase) and cellular targets (macrophages, lymphocytes, epithelial cells, endothelium) have been identified. In addition, many flavonoids display significant antioxidant/radical scavenging properties. There is substantial structural variation in these compounds, which is bound to have an impact on their biological profile, and specifically on their effects on inflammatory conditions. However, in general terms there is substantial consistency in the effects of these compounds despite considerable structural variations. The mechanisms have been studied mainly in myeloid cells, where the predominant effect is an inhibition of NF-κB signaling and the downregulation of the expression of proinflammatory markers. At present there is a gap in knowledge of in vitro and in vivo effects, although the pharmacokinetics of flavonoids has advanced considerably in the last decade. Many flavonoids have been studied for their intestinal antiinflammatory activity which is only logical, since the gastrointestinal tract is naturally exposed to them. However, their potential therapeutic application in inflammation is not restricted to this organ and extends to other sites and conditions, including arthritis, asthma, encephalomyelitis, and atherosclerosis, among others.
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Affiliation(s)
- R González
- Department of Pharmacology, CIBERehd, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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Katsori AM, Hadjipavlou-Litina D. Recent progress in therapeutic applications of chalcones. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2011; 21:1575-96. [PMID: 21711087 DOI: 10.1517/13543776.2011.596529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chalcones are a group of plant-derived polyphenolic compounds belonging to the flavonoids family that possess a wide variety of cytoprotective and modulatory functions, which may have therapeutic potential for multiple diseases. Their physicochemical properties seem to define the extent of their biological activity. AREAS COVERED A comprehensive synopsis of recent patent literature (2005 - 2011) describing chalcones and their derivatives on selected activities (e.g., anti-inflammatory, antimitotic, cytotoxic, antioxidant, anti-infection) is provided in this paper. Synthesis, combinatorial techniques, biological evaluation in vitro/in vivo, and new biological assays are discussed. In addition to selected biological data, a wide range of pharmaceutical applications and pharmaceutical compositions are also summarized. EXPERT OPINION Several natural and synthetic chalcones and their derivatives appear as promising anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities. Their clinical evaluation will be critical to assess their therapeutic utility. Those for which the mechanism of action is well defined can serve as lead compounds for the design of new, more promising molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Maria Katsori
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
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Jeon JH, Kim MR, Kwon EM, Lee NR, Jun JG. Highly Efficient Synthesis of Licochalcone E through Water-Accelerated [3,3]-Sigmatropic Rearrangement of Allyl Aryl Ether. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2011. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2011.32.3.1059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Tanifuji S, Aizu-Yokota E, Funakoshi-Tago M, Sonoda Y, Inoue H, Kasahara T. Licochalcones suppress degranulation by decreasing the intracellular Ca2+ level and tyrosine phosphorylation of ERK in RBL-2H3 cells. Int Immunopharmacol 2010; 10:769-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2010.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2009] [Revised: 03/30/2010] [Accepted: 04/10/2010] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Agarwal A, Gupta D, Yadav G, Goyal P, Singh PK, Singh U. An evaluation of the efficacy of licorice gargle for attenuating postoperative sore throat: a prospective, randomized, single-blind study. Anesth Analg 2009; 109:77-81. [PMID: 19535697 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0b013e3181a6ad47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postoperative sore throat (POST) contributes to postoperative morbidity. Licorice has been used as an expectorant in cough and cold preparations. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of licorice gargle for attenuating POST. METHODS Forty adults (18-60 yr), ASA physical status I and II of either sex, undergoing elective lumber laminectomy were randomized into two groups of 20 each. Group C: received water; Group L: received 0.5 g licorice in water. Both groups received a 30 mL mixture for 30 s, 5 min before anesthesia which was standardized. The incidence and severity of POST at rest and on swallowing and side effects were assessed at 0, 2, 4, and 24 h, postoperatively. Severity of POST was assessed by visual analog scale (between 0 and 100 mm; where 0 means no sore throat and 100 means worst imaginable sore throat). Postextubation cough was assessed immediately after tracheal extubation. Data were analyzed by Z test and Fisher's exact test. P < 0.05 was considered as significant. RESULTS POST (incidence and severity) was reduced in the Group L compared with Group C at rest and on swallowing for all time points (P < 0.05), except that the severity of POST at rest, at 24 h, was similar in both groups (P > 0.05). Postextubation cough was reduced in Group L compared with Group C (P < 0.05). There was no difference in side effects between groups (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION Licorice gargle performed 5 min before anesthesia is effective in attenuating the incidence and severity of POST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Agarwal
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow 226 014, India.
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Funakoshi-Tago M, Tanabe S, Tago K, Itoh H, Mashino T, Sonoda Y, Kasahara T. Licochalcone A potently inhibits tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced nuclear factor-kappaB activation through the direct inhibition of IkappaB kinase complex activation. Mol Pharmacol 2009; 76:745-53. [PMID: 19592502 DOI: 10.1124/mol.109.057448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycyrrhiza inflata has been used as a traditional medicine with anti-inflammatory activity; however, its mechanism has not been fully understood. Licochalcone A is a major and biogenetically characteristic chalcone isolated from G. inflata. Here, we found that licochalcone A strongly inhibited tumor necrosis (TNF)-alpha-induced nuclear localization, DNA binding activity, and the transcriptional activity of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB). Whereas licochalcone A had no effect on the recruitment of receptor-interacting protein 1 and IkappaB kinase beta (IKKbeta) to TNF receptor I by TNF-alpha, it significantly inhibited TNF-alpha-induced IkappaB kinase complex (IKK) activation and inhibitor of nuclear factor-kappaB degradation. It is interesting that we found that the cysteine residue at position 179 of IKKbeta is essential for licochalcone A-induced IKK inhibition, because licochalcone A failed to affect the kinase activity of the IKKbeta (C179A) mutant. In contrast, a structurally related compound, echinatin, failed to inhibit TNF-alpha-induced IKK activation and NF-kappaB activation, suggesting that the 1,1-dimethy-2-propenyl group in licochalcone A is important for the inhibition of NF-kappaB. In addition, TNF-alpha-induced expression of inflammatory cytokines CCL2/monocyte chemotactic protein-1and CXCL1/KC was clearly inhibited by licochalcone A but not echinatin. Taken together, licochalcone A might contribute to the potent anti-inflammatory effect of G. inflata through the inhibition of IKK activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megumi Funakoshi-Tago
- Department of Biochemistry, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
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Zhang Q, Ye M. Chemical analysis of the Chinese herbal medicine Gan-Cao (licorice). J Chromatogr A 2008; 1216:1954-69. [PMID: 18703197 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.07.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 363] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2008] [Revised: 06/28/2008] [Accepted: 07/03/2008] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Gan-Cao, or licorice, is a popular Chinese herbal medicine derived from the dried roots and rhizomes of Glycyrrhiza uralensis, G. glabra, and G. inflata. The main bioactive constituents of licorice are triterpene saponins and various types of flavonoids. The contents of these compounds may vary in different licorice batches and thus affect the therapeutic effects. In order to ensure its efficacy and safety, sensitive and accurate methods for the qualitative and quantitative analyses of saponins and flavonoids are of significance for the comprehensive quality control of licorice. This review describes the progress in chemical analysis of licorice and its preparations since 2000. Newly established methods are summarized, including spectroscopy, thin-layer chromatography, gas chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS), capillary electrophoresis, high-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC), electrochemistry, and immunoassay. The sensitivity, selectivity and powerful separation capability of HPLC and CE allows the simultaneous detection of multiple compounds in licorice. LC/MS provides characteristic fragmentations for the rapid structural identification of licorice saponins and flavonoids. The combination of HPLC and LC/MS is currently the most powerful technique for the quality control of licorice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingying Zhang
- Department of Natural Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, No. 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
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Asl MN, Hosseinzadeh H. Review of pharmacological effects of Glycyrrhiza sp. and its bioactive compounds. Phytother Res 2008; 22:709-24. [PMID: 18446848 PMCID: PMC7167813 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.2362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 740] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The roots and rhizomes of licorice (Glycyrrhiza) species have long been used worldwide as a herbal medicine and natural sweetener. Licorice root is a traditional medicine used mainly for the treatment of peptic ulcer, hepatitis C, and pulmonary and skin diseases, although clinical and experimental studies suggest that it has several other useful pharmacological properties such as antiinflammatory, antiviral, antimicrobial, antioxidative, anticancer activities, immunomodulatory, hepatoprotective and cardioprotective effects. A large number of components have been isolated from licorice, including triterpene saponins, flavonoids, isoflavonoids and chalcones, with glycyrrhizic acid normally being considered to be the main biologically active component. This review summarizes the phytochemical, pharmacological and pharmacokinetics data, together with the clinical and adverse effects of licorice and its bioactive components. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjan Nassiri Asl
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, IR Iran
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Wieser F, Cohen M, Gaeddert A, Yu J, Burks-Wicks C, Berga SL, Taylor RN. Evolution of medical treatment for endometriosis: back to the roots? Hum Reprod Update 2007; 13:487-99. [PMID: 17575287 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmm015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Experimental evidence is accumulating to suggest that medicinal botanicals have anti-inflammatory and pain-alleviating properties and hold promise for treatment of endometriosis. Herein, we present a systematic review of clinical and experimental data on the use of medicinal herbs in the treatment of endometriosis. Although there is a general lack of evidence from clinical studies on the potential efficacy of medicinal herbs for the treatment of endometriosis-associated symptoms, our review highlights the anti-inflammatory and pain-alleviating mechanisms of action of herbal remedies. Medicinal herbs and their active components exhibit cytokine-suppressive, COX-2-inhibiting, antioxidant, sedative and pain-alleviating properties. Each of these mechanisms of action would be predicted to have salutary effects in endometriosis. Better understanding of the mechanisms of action, toxicity and herb-herb and herb-drug interactions permits the optimization of design and execution of complementary alternative medicine trials for endometriosis-associated pain. A potential benefit of herbal therapy is the likelihood of synergistic interactions within individual or combinations of plants. In this sense, phytotherapies may be analogous to nutraceuticals or whole food nutrition. We encourage the development of herbal analogues and establishment of special, simplified registration procedures for certain medicinal products, particularly herbal derivates with a long tradition of safe use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fritz Wieser
- Division of Gynecological Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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