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Mashayekhi-Sardoo H, Mohammadpour AH, Mehri S, Kamali H, Sahebkar A, Imenshahidi M. Diabetes mellitus aggravates ranolazine-induced ECG changes in rats. J Interv Card Electrophysiol 2021; 63:379-388. [PMID: 34155553 DOI: 10.1007/s10840-021-01016-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Diabetes mellitus (DM) is known to affect the pharmacokinetics of drugs. In this study, we evaluated the effect of DM on the liver content of CYP 3A2 enzyme. We also explored the ECG changes after administration of ranolazine in non-DM and DM rats. METHODS First phase: 24 male Wistar rats were separated into 4 groups. The control group (n = 6) received normal saline and the DM groups (n = 18) were treated with a single dose (55 mg/kg) of streptozocin (STZ; i.p. injection), then were held for 10, 20, and 30 days, respectively. After study duration for each group, the liver CYP 3A2 protein content was determined using western blotting. Second phase: 48 male Wistar rats were classified into two groups of non-DM and DM; and each group was divided into 4 subgroups (n: 6). Experimental groups received oral doses of 20, 40, and 80 mg/kg ranolazine. DM and non-DM control groups received normal saline. Treatment lasted for 28 days, and then the ECG was recorded. RESULTS Experimental DM induced by STZ caused a significant decrement in liver CYP3A2 protein content of rats on days 10 and 20 (P < 0.01), and 30 (P < 0.05) compared to the control animals. Significant increases in QT and corrected QT (QTc) intervals (P < 0.01), and bradycardia (P < 0.01) without any significant effect on PR and QRS intervals were observed in DM in comparison with non-DM groups after ranolazine treatment. CONCLUSIONS In summary, DM induction in animals resulted in CYP 3A2 inhibition and the prolongation of QT and QTc interval as well as bradycardia after ranolazine treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habibeh Mashayekhi-Sardoo
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amir Hooshang Mohammadpour
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Soghra Mehri
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hossein Kamali
- Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohsen Imenshahidi
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. .,Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Ben Said D, Ben Ali R, Ferchichi H, Salouage I, Ouanes L, Gaïes E, Trabelsi S, Kooli E, Kourda N, Abdelmoula J, Lakhal M, Klouz A. Lidocaïne test for easier and less time consuming assessment of liver function in several hepatic injury models. Hepatol Int 2011; 5:941-8. [PMID: 21484114 DOI: 10.1007/s12072-011-9270-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2010] [Accepted: 03/06/2011] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE In this study, we developed an ex vivo functional assay to assess liver metabolic capacity adapted from the lidocaïne test in rats. METHODS Animals used were subjected to different models of liver injury: hypothermic ischemia (H/I, n = 8), ischemia-reperfusion (I/R, n = 8) and CCl4 induced liver cirrhosis (n = 11), and compared with sham operated rats (n = 5). Livers were then extracted and a fragment of whole tissue was incubated with lidocaïne for 15, 30, 60, 120, 240, 360, and 720 min at which both lidocaïne and its major metabolite monoethylglycinexylidide (MEGX) were measured by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). A histological study and biochemical assays (transaminase levels) were also performed to further evaluate and confirm our data. RESULTS Pharmacokinetic profile of lidocaïne metabolism in sham-operated animals revealed that the maximum concentration of MEGX is achieved at 120 min. Both lidocaïne metabolism and MEGX formation levels were significantly altered in all three models of hepatic injury. The extent of hepatic damage was confirmed by increased levels of transaminase levels and alteration of hepatocyte's structure with areas of necrosis. CONCLUSION Our method provides reliable and reproducible results using only a small portion of liver which allows for a fast and easy assessment of liver metabolic capacity. Moreover, our method presents an alternative to the in vivo technique and seems more feasible in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorra Ben Said
- Service de Pharmacologie Clinique, Centre National de Pharmacovigilance, Tunis, Tunisia. .,Unité d'expérimentation animale, Faculté de Médecine de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - Ridha Ben Ali
- Service de Pharmacologie Clinique, Centre National de Pharmacovigilance, Tunis, Tunisia.,Unité d'expérimentation animale, Faculté de Médecine de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Henda Ferchichi
- Service de Pharmacologie Clinique, Centre National de Pharmacovigilance, Tunis, Tunisia.,Unité d'expérimentation animale, Faculté de Médecine de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Issam Salouage
- Service de Pharmacologie Clinique, Centre National de Pharmacovigilance, Tunis, Tunisia.,Unité d'expérimentation animale, Faculté de Médecine de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Lobna Ouanes
- Laboratoire de Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia.,Unité d'expérimentation animale, Faculté de Médecine de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Emna Gaïes
- Service de Pharmacologie Clinique, Centre National de Pharmacovigilance, Tunis, Tunisia.,Unité d'expérimentation animale, Faculté de Médecine de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Sameh Trabelsi
- Service de Pharmacologie Clinique, Centre National de Pharmacovigilance, Tunis, Tunisia.,Unité d'expérimentation animale, Faculté de Médecine de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Emna Kooli
- Service de Pharmacologie Clinique, Centre National de Pharmacovigilance, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Nadia Kourda
- Service Anatomo-pathologie, Hopital Charles Nicolle, Tunis, Tunisia
| | | | - Mohamed Lakhal
- Service de Pharmacologie Clinique, Centre National de Pharmacovigilance, Tunis, Tunisia.,Unité d'expérimentation animale, Faculté de Médecine de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Anis Klouz
- Service de Pharmacologie Clinique, Centre National de Pharmacovigilance, Tunis, Tunisia.,Unité d'expérimentation animale, Faculté de Médecine de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
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Mathew JP, Mackensen GB, Phillips-Bute B, Grocott HP, Glower DD, Laskowitz DT, Blumenthal JA, Newman MF. Randomized, double-blinded, placebo controlled study of neuroprotection with lidocaine in cardiac surgery. Stroke 2009; 40:880-7. [PMID: 19164788 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.108.531236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Cognitive decline after cardiac surgery remains common and diminishes patients' quality of life. Based on experimental and clinical evidence, this study assessed the potential of intravenously administered lidocaine to reduce postoperative cognitive dysfunction after cardiac surgery using cardiopulmonary bypass. METHODS After IRB approval, 277 patients undergoing cardiac surgery were enrolled into this prospective, randomized, double-blinded placebo controlled clinical trial. Subjects were randomized to receive: (1) Lidocaine as a 1 mg/kg bolus followed by a continuous infusion through 48 hours postoperatively, or (2) Placebo bolus and infusion. Cognitive function was assessed preoperatively and again at 6 weeks and 1 year postoperatively. The effect of lidocaine on postoperative cognition was tested using multivariable regression modeling; P<0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS Among the 241 allocated subjects (Lidocaine: n=114; Placebo: n=127), the incidence of cognitive deficit in the lidocaine group was 45.5% versus 45.7% in the placebo group (P=0.97). Multivariable analysis revealed a significant interaction between treatment group and diabetes, such that diabetic subjects receiving lidocaine were more likely to suffer cognitive decline (P=0.004). Secondary analysis identified total lidocaine dose (mg/kg) as a significant predictor of cognitive decline and also revealed a protective effect of lower dose lidocaine in nondiabetic subjects. CONCLUSIONS Lidocaine administered during and after cardiac surgery does not reduce the high rate of postoperative cognitive dysfunction. Higher doses of lidocaine and diabetic status were independent predictors of cognitive decline. Protective effects of lower dose lidocaine in nondiabetic subjects need to be further evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph P Mathew
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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Abstract
The aim of this current review is to summarize the present status of pharmacokinetics in Drug Discovery. The review is structured into four sections. The first section is a general overview of what we understand by pharmacokinetics and the different LADMET aspects: Liberation, Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion, and Toxicity. The second section highlights the different computational or in silico approaches to estimate/predict one or several aspects of the pharmacokinetic profile of a discovery lead compound. The third section discusses the most commonly used in vitro methodologies. The fourth and last section examines the various approaches employed towards the pharmacokinetic assessment of discovery molecules; including all the LADME processes, discussing the different mathematical methodologies available to establish the PK profile of a test compound; what the main differences are and what should be the criteria for using one or another mathematical approach. The major conclusion of this review is that the use of the appropriate preclinical assays has a key role in the long-term viability of a pharmaceutical company since applying the right tools early in discovery will play a key role in determining the company's ability to discover novel safe and effective therapeutics to patients as quickly as possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Ruiz-Garcia
- Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen, Inc, 1201 Amgen Court West, Seattle, Washington 98119, USA.
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Klouz A, Saïd DB, Ferchichi H, Kourda N, Ouanes L, Lakhal M, Tillement JP, Morin D. Protection of cellular and mitochondrial functions against liver ischemia by N-benzyl-N'-(2-hydroxy-3,4-dimethoxybenzyl)-piperazine (BHDP), a sigma1 ligand. Eur J Pharmacol 2008; 578:292-9. [PMID: 17964567 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2007.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2007] [Revised: 09/03/2007] [Accepted: 09/24/2007] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the antiischemic properties of a new compound N-benzyl-N'-(2-hydroxy-3,4-dimethoxybenzyl)-piperazine (BHDP), having high affinity and selectivity for the sigma(1) receptor, in two different models of ischemia. The first was an experimental model of rat liver normothermic ischemia-reperfusion. Rats were pretreated with different doses of BHDP (0.5, 2.5 or 10 mg/kg/day, or solvent alone) and subjected to 90 min normothermic ischemia followed by either 30 or 120 min reperfusion. The second model was a hypothermic model of ischemia in which livers were incubated for 24 h at 4 degrees C in a preservation solution in the absence or presence of increasing BHDP concentrations (0.5, 2.5 or 10 microg/ml). These different ischemic conditions induced huge alterations in hepatocyte functions (membrane leakage of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase, decreased metabolic capacities evaluated by the ability of the liver to transform lidocaine, alterations of mitochondrial functions characterized by a decrease in ATP synthesis and the appearance of histological damages). Pretreatment of rats with BHDP alleviated these deleterious ischemia-reperfusion effects in a dose-dependent manner at both the cellular and mitochondrial levels. The protection of mitochondrial functions was almost complete at a dosage of 10 mg/kg/day during normothermic ischemia and 10 microg/ml in the preservation liquid during hypothermic ischemia. In addition, BHDP significantly reduced the histological damage. These data demonstrate that BHDP protects liver against the deleterious effects of ischemia-reperfusion and suggest that sigma(1) receptors play an important role in the protective effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anis Klouz
- Unité d'Expérimentation Animale, Faculté de Médecine de Tunis, Tunisia
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