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Cheema U. Position Paper Progress in the development of biomimetic engineered human tissues. J Tissue Eng 2023; 14:20417314221145663. [PMID: 36874985 PMCID: PMC9974615 DOI: 10.1177/20417314221145663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering (TE) is the multi-disciplinary approach to building 3D human tissue equivalents in the laboratory. The advancement of medical sciences and allied scientific disciplines have aspired to engineer human tissues for three decades. To date there is limited use of TE tissues/organs as replacement body parts in humans. This position paper outlines advances in engineering of specific tissues and organs with tissue-specific challenges. This paper outlines the technologies most successful for engineering tissues and key areas of advancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umber Cheema
- Division of Surgery and interventional science, UCL Centre for 3D models of Health and Disease, Fitzrovia
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Guan Z, Chen S, Pan F, Fan L, Sun D. Effects of Gene Delivery Approaches on Differentiation Potential and Gene Function of Mesenchymal Stem Cells. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2021; 69:83-95. [PMID: 34101578 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2021.3087129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Introduction of a gene to mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is a well-known strategy to purposely manipulate the cell fate and further enhance therapeutic performance in cell-based therapy. Viral and chemical approaches for gene delivery interfere with differentiation potential. Although microinjection as a physical delivery method is commonly used for transfection, its influence on MSC cell fate is not fully understood. The current study aimed to evaluate the effects of four nonviral gene delivery methods on stem cell multi-potency. The four delivery methods are robotic microinjection, polyethylenimine (PEI), cationic liposome (cLipo), and calcium phosphate nanoparticles (CaP). Among the four methods, microinjection has exhibited the highest transfection efficiency of ~60%, while the three others showed lower efficiency of 10-25%. Robotic microinjection preserved fibroblast-like cell morphology, stress fibre intactness, and mature focal adhesion complex, while PEI caused severe cytotoxicity. No marked differentiation bias was observed after microinjection and cLipo treatment. By contrast, CaP-treated MSCs exhibited excessive osteogenesis, while PEI-treated MSCs showed excessive adipogenesis. Robotic microinjection system was used to inject the CRISPR/Cas9-encoding plasmid to knock out PPAR gene in MSCs, and the robotic microinjection did not interfere with PPAR function in differentiation commitment. Meanwhile, the bias in osteo-adipogenic differentiation exhibited in CaP and PEI-treated MSCs after PPAR knockout via chemical carriers. Our results indicate that gene delivery vehicles variously disturb MSCs differentiation and interfere with exogenous gene function. Our findings further suggest that robotic microinjection offers a promise of generating genetically modified MSCs without disrupting stem cell multi-potency and therapeutic gene function.
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Costard LS, Kelly DC, Power RN, Hobbs C, Jaskaniec S, Nicolosi V, Cavanagh BL, Curtin CM, O’Brien FJ. Layered Double Hydroxide as a Potent Non-viral Vector for Nucleic Acid Delivery Using Gene-Activated Scaffolds for Tissue Regeneration Applications. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12121219. [PMID: 33339452 PMCID: PMC7765978 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12121219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonviral vectors offer a safe alternative to viral vectors for gene therapy applications, albeit typically exhibiting lower transfection efficiencies. As a result, there remains a significant need for the development of a nonviral delivery system with low cytotoxicity and high transfection efficacy as a tool for safe and transient gene delivery. This study assesses MgAl-NO3 layered double hydroxide (LDH) as a nonviral vector to deliver nucleic acids (pDNA, miRNA and siRNA) to mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) in 2D culture and using a 3D tissue engineering scaffold approach. Nanoparticles were formulated by complexing LDH with pDNA, microRNA (miRNA) mimics and inhibitors, and siRNA at varying mass ratios of LDH:nucleic acid. In 2D monolayer, pDNA delivery demonstrated significant cytotoxicity issues, and low cellular transfection was deemed to be a result of the poor physicochemical properties of the LDH–pDNA nanoparticles. However, the lower mass ratios required to successfully complex with miRNA and siRNA cargo allowed for efficient delivery to MSCs. Furthermore, incorporation of LDH–miRNA nanoparticles into collagen-nanohydroxyapatite scaffolds resulted in successful overexpression of miRNA in MSCs, demonstrating the development of an efficacious miRNA delivery platform for gene therapy applications in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara S. Costard
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), 123 St Stephen’s Green, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland; (L.S.C.); (D.C.K.); (R.N.P.)
| | - Domhnall C. Kelly
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), 123 St Stephen’s Green, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland; (L.S.C.); (D.C.K.); (R.N.P.)
- Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland, Galway (NUI, Galway), H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
| | - Rachael N. Power
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), 123 St Stephen’s Green, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland; (L.S.C.); (D.C.K.); (R.N.P.)
| | - Christopher Hobbs
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), RCSI and Trinity College Dublin (TCD), College Green, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland; (C.H.); (S.J.); (V.N.)
- School of Chemistry and Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices (CRANN), Trinity College Dublin, College Green, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sonia Jaskaniec
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), RCSI and Trinity College Dublin (TCD), College Green, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland; (C.H.); (S.J.); (V.N.)
- School of Chemistry and Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices (CRANN), Trinity College Dublin, College Green, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Valeria Nicolosi
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), RCSI and Trinity College Dublin (TCD), College Green, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland; (C.H.); (S.J.); (V.N.)
- School of Chemistry and Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices (CRANN), Trinity College Dublin, College Green, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Brenton L. Cavanagh
- Cellular and Molecular Imaging Core, RCSI, 123 St Stephen’s Green, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland;
| | - Caroline M. Curtin
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), 123 St Stephen’s Green, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland; (L.S.C.); (D.C.K.); (R.N.P.)
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), RCSI and Trinity College Dublin (TCD), College Green, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland; (C.H.); (S.J.); (V.N.)
- Trinity Centre for BioMedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, TCD, College Green, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland
- Correspondence: (C.M.C.); (F.J.O.); Tel.: +353-1-4028620 (C.M.C.); +353-1-4028533 (F.J.O.)
| | - Fergal J. O’Brien
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), 123 St Stephen’s Green, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland; (L.S.C.); (D.C.K.); (R.N.P.)
- Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland, Galway (NUI, Galway), H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), RCSI and Trinity College Dublin (TCD), College Green, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland; (C.H.); (S.J.); (V.N.)
- Trinity Centre for BioMedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, TCD, College Green, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland
- Correspondence: (C.M.C.); (F.J.O.); Tel.: +353-1-4028620 (C.M.C.); +353-1-4028533 (F.J.O.)
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Non-viral delivery systems of DNA into stem cells: Promising and multifarious actions for regenerative medicine. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.101861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Gantenbein B, Tang S, Guerrero J, Higuita-Castro N, Salazar-Puerta AI, Croft AS, Gazdhar A, Purmessur D. Non-viral Gene Delivery Methods for Bone and Joints. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:598466. [PMID: 33330428 PMCID: PMC7711090 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.598466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral carrier transport efficiency of gene delivery is high, depending on the type of vector. However, viral delivery poses significant safety concerns such as inefficient/unpredictable reprogramming outcomes, genomic integration, as well as unwarranted immune responses and toxicity. Thus, non-viral gene delivery methods are more feasible for translation as these allow safer delivery of genes and can modulate gene expression transiently both in vivo, ex vivo, and in vitro. Based on current studies, the efficiency of these technologies appears to be more limited, but they are appealing for clinical translation. This review presents a summary of recent advancements in orthopedics, where primarily bone and joints from the musculoskeletal apparatus were targeted. In connective tissues, which are known to have a poor healing capacity, and have a relatively low cell-density, i.e., articular cartilage, bone, and the intervertebral disk (IVD) several approaches have recently been undertaken. We provide a brief overview of the existing technologies, using nano-spheres/engineered vesicles, lipofection, and in vivo electroporation. Here, delivery for microRNA (miRNA), and silencing RNA (siRNA) and DNA plasmids will be discussed. Recent studies will be summarized that aimed to improve regeneration of these tissues, involving the delivery of bone morphogenic proteins (BMPs), such as BMP2 for improvement of bone healing. For articular cartilage/osteochondral junction, non-viral methods concentrate on targeted delivery to chondrocytes or MSCs for tissue engineering-based approaches. For the IVD, growth factors such as GDF5 or GDF6 or developmental transcription factors such as Brachyury or FOXF1 seem to be of high clinical interest. However, the most efficient method of gene transfer is still elusive, as several preclinical studies have reported many different non-viral methods and clinical translation of these techniques still needs to be validated. Here we discuss the non-viral methods applied for bone and joint and propose methods that can be promising in clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Gantenbein
- Tissue Engineering for Orthopaedics and Mechanobiology, Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Shirley Tang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Orthopaedics, Spine Research Institute Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Julien Guerrero
- Tissue Engineering for Orthopaedics and Mechanobiology, Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Natalia Higuita-Castro
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Surgery, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Ana I Salazar-Puerta
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Surgery, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Andreas S Croft
- Tissue Engineering for Orthopaedics and Mechanobiology, Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Amiq Gazdhar
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Inselspital, University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Devina Purmessur
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Orthopaedics, Spine Research Institute Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
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Hoffman T, Khademhosseini A, Langer R. Chasing the Paradigm: Clinical Translation of 25 Years of Tissue Engineering. Tissue Eng Part A 2019; 25:679-687. [PMID: 30727841 PMCID: PMC6533781 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2019.0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPACT STATEMENT In this Perspective, we discuss the impact of the past 25 years of tissue engineering on the development of clinical therapies. Based on their success and other significant research accomplishments, platforms of innovation were identified. Their discoveries will enable tissue engineering inspired therapies to meet the requirements necessary for large-scale manufacturing and Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval for a diverse range of indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler Hoffman
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California, Los Angeles, California
- California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California, Los Angeles, California
- California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, California
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Robert Langer
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Institute of Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
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Controlled Non-Viral Gene Delivery in Cartilage and Bone Repair: Current Strategies and Future Directions. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.201800038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Hasan A, Byambaa B, Morshed M, Cheikh MI, Shakoor RA, Mustafy T, Marei HE. Advances in osteobiologic materials for bone substitutes. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2018; 12:1448-1468. [DOI: 10.1002/term.2677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 02/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anwarul Hasan
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering; Qatar University; Doha Qatar
| | - Batzaya Byambaa
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine; Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School; Cambridge MA USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge MA USA
| | - Mahboob Morshed
- School of Life Sciences; Independent University, Bangladesh (IUB); Dhaka Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Ibrahim Cheikh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture; American University of Beirut; Beirut Lebanon
| | | | - Tanvir Mustafy
- Department of Mechanical Engineering; Ecole Polytechnique de Montreal; Quebec Canada
| | - Hany E. Marei
- Biomedical Research Center; Qatar University; Doha Qatar
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Gene Therapy Strategies in Bone Tissue Engineering and Current Clinical Applications. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1119:85-101. [DOI: 10.1007/5584_2018_253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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10
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Gonzalez-Fernandez T, Sathy B, Hobbs C, Cunniffe G, McCarthy H, Dunne N, Nicolosi V, O'Brien F, Kelly D. Mesenchymal stem cell fate following non-viral gene transfection strongly depends on the choice of delivery vector. Acta Biomater 2017; 55:226-238. [PMID: 28363788 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.03.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Controlling the phenotype of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) through the delivery of regulatory genes is a promising strategy in tissue engineering (TE). Essential to effective gene delivery is the choice of gene carrier. Non-viral delivery vectors have been extensively used in TE, however their intrinsic effects on MSC differentiation remain poorly understood. The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of three different classes of non-viral gene delivery vectors: (1) cationic polymers (polyethylenimine, PEI), (2) inorganic nanoparticles (nanohydroxyapatite, nHA) and (3) amphipathic peptides (RALA peptide) on modulating stem cell fate after reporter and therapeutic gene delivery. Despite facilitating similar reporter gene transfection efficiencies, these nanoparticle-based vectors had dramatically different effects on MSC viability, cytoskeletal morphology and differentiation. After reporter gene delivery (pGFP or pLUC), the nHA and RALA vectors supported an elongated MSC morphology, actin stress fibre formation and the development of mature focal adhesions, while cells appeared rounded and less tense following PEI transfection. These changes in MSC morphology correlated with enhanced osteogenesis following nHA and RALA transfection and adipogenesis following PEI transfection. When therapeutic genes encoding for transforming growth factor beta 3 (TGF-β3) and/or bone morphogenic protein 2 (BMP2) were delivered to MSCs, nHA promoted osteogenesis in 2D culture and the development of an endochondral phenotype in 3D culture, while RALA was less osteogenic and appeared to promote a more stable hyaline cartilage-like phenotype. In contrast, PEI failed to induce robust osteogenesis or chondrogenesis of MSCs, despite effective therapeutic protein production. Taken together, these results demonstrate that the differentiation of MSCs through the application of non-viral gene delivery strategies depends not only on the gene delivered, but also on the gene carrier itself. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Nanoparticle-based non-viral gene delivery vectors have been extensively used in regenerative medicine, however their intrinsic effects on mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) differentiation remain poorly understood. This paper demonstrates that different classes of commonly used non-viral vectors are not inert and they have a strong effect on cell morphology, stress fiber formation and gene transcription in MSCs, which in turn modulates their capacity to differentiate towards osteogenic, adipogenic and chondrogenic lineages. These results also point to the need for careful and tissue-specific selection of nanoparticle-based delivery vectors to prevent undesired phenotypic changes and off-target effects when delivering therapeutic genes to damaged or diseased tissues.
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Raisin S, Belamie E, Morille M. Non-viral gene activated matrices for mesenchymal stem cells based tissue engineering of bone and cartilage. Biomaterials 2016; 104:223-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Revised: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Ramalingam K, Castro R, Pires P, Shi X, Rodrigues J, Xiao S, Tomás H. Gene delivery using dendrimer/pDNA complexes immobilized in electrospun fibers using the Layer-by-Layer technique. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra22444j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendrimer/pDNA complexes can be immobilized in PLGA fibers through the Layer-by-Layer technique and direct hMSCs towards osteogenic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirthiga Ramalingam
- CQM – Centro de Química da Madeira
- MMRG
- Universidade da Madeira
- Campus da Penteada
- 9000-390 Funchal
| | - Rita Castro
- CQM – Centro de Química da Madeira
- MMRG
- Universidade da Madeira
- Campus da Penteada
- 9000-390 Funchal
| | - Pedro Pires
- CQM – Centro de Química da Madeira
- MMRG
- Universidade da Madeira
- Campus da Penteada
- 9000-390 Funchal
| | - Xiangyang Shi
- CQM – Centro de Química da Madeira
- MMRG
- Universidade da Madeira
- Campus da Penteada
- 9000-390 Funchal
| | - João Rodrigues
- CQM – Centro de Química da Madeira
- MMRG
- Universidade da Madeira
- Campus da Penteada
- 9000-390 Funchal
| | - Shili Xiao
- CQM – Centro de Química da Madeira
- MMRG
- Universidade da Madeira
- Campus da Penteada
- 9000-390 Funchal
| | - Helena Tomás
- CQM – Centro de Química da Madeira
- MMRG
- Universidade da Madeira
- Campus da Penteada
- 9000-390 Funchal
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Abbayya K, Zope SA, Naduwinmani S, Pisal A, Puthanakar N. Cell- and Gene- Based Therapeutics for Periodontal Regeneration. Int J Prev Med 2015; 6:110. [PMID: 26682031 PMCID: PMC4671162 DOI: 10.4103/2008-7802.169080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a disease of the periodontium, characterized by loss of connective tissue attachment and supporting the alveolar bone. Therefore, to regenerate these lost tissues of the periodontium researchers have included a variety of surgical procedures including grafting materials growth factors and the use of barrier membranes, ultimately resulting into regeneration that is biologically possible but clinically unpredictable. Recently a newer approach of delivering DNA plasmids as therapeutic agents is gaining special attention and is called gene delivery method. Gene therapy being considered a novel approach have a potential to channel their signals in a very systematic and controlled manner thereby providing encoded proteins at all stages of tissue regeneration. The aim of this review was to enlighten a view on the application involving gene delivery and tissue engineering in periodontal regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keshava Abbayya
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Sciences, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences Deemed University, Karad, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sameer Anil Zope
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Sciences, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences Deemed University, Karad, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sanjay Naduwinmani
- Department of Orthodontics, Maratha Mandal Dental College, Belgaum, Karnataka, India
| | - Apurva Pisal
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Sciences, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences Deemed University, Karad, Maharashtra, India
| | - Nagraj Puthanakar
- Department of Prosthodontics, A.C.P.M. Dental College, Dhule, Maharashtra, India
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Clinical Application of Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Novel Supportive Therapies for Oral Bone Regeneration. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:341327. [PMID: 26064899 PMCID: PMC4443638 DOI: 10.1155/2015/341327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Revised: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Bone regeneration is often needed prior to dental implant treatment due to the lack of adequate quantity and quality of the bone after infectious diseases, trauma, tumor, or congenital conditions. In these situations, cell transplantation technologies may help to overcome the limitations of autografts, xenografts, allografts, and alloplastic materials. A database search was conducted to include human clinical trials (randomized or controlled) and case reports/series describing the clinical use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in the oral cavity for bone regeneration only specifically excluding periodontal regeneration. Additionally, novel advances in related technologies are also described. 190 records were identified. 51 articles were selected for full-text assessment, and only 28 met the inclusion criteria: 9 case series, 10 case reports, and 9 randomized controlled clinical trials. Collectively, they evaluate the use of MSCs in a total of 290 patients in 342 interventions. The current published literature is very diverse in methodology and measurement of outcomes. Moreover, the clinical significance is limited. Therefore, the use of these techniques should be further studied in more challenging clinical scenarios with well-designed and standardized RCTs, potentially in combination with new scaffolding techniques and bioactive molecules to improve the final outcomes.
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Elmallah RK, Cherian JJ, Jauregui JJ, Pierce TP, Beaver WB, Mont MA. Genetically modified chondrocytes expressing TGF-β1: a revolutionary treatment for articular cartilage damage? Expert Opin Biol Ther 2015; 15:455-64. [PMID: 25645308 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2015.1009886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Currently, joint arthroplasty remains the only definitive management of osteoarthritis, while other treatment modalities only provide temporary and symptomatic relief. The use of genetically engineered chondrocytes is currently undergoing clinical trials. Specifically, it has been designed to induce cartilage growth and differentiation in patients with degenerative arthritis, with the aim to play a curative role in the disease process. AREAS COVERED This treatment involves the incorporation of TGF-β1, which has been determined to play an influential role in chondrogenesis and extracellular matrix synthesis. Using genetic manipulation and viral transduction, TGF-β1 is incorporated into human chondrocytes and administered in a minimally invasive fashion directly to the affected joint. Following a database literature search, we evaluated the current evidence on this product and its outcomes. Furthermore, we also briefly reviewed other treatments developed for chondrogenesis and cartilage regeneration for comparison. EXPERT OPINION This treatment method has sustained positive effects on functional outcomes and cartilage growth in initial trials. It allows administration in a minimally invasive manner that does not require extended recovery time. Although several treatment modalities are currently under investigation and appear promising, we hope that these effects can be sustained in further studies. Ultimately, we anticipate that the results may be reproducible in many clinical settings and allow us to effectively treat cartilage damage in patients with degenerative arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randa K Elmallah
- Rubin Institute for Advanced Orthopedics, Sinai Hospital of Baltimore, Center for Joint Preservation and Replacement , 2401 West Belvedere Avenue, Baltimore, MD 21215 , USA +1 410 601 8500 ; +1 410 601 8501 ; ;
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Liu Y, Wang DA. Viral vector-mediated transgenic cell therapy in regenerative medicine: safety of the process. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2014; 15:559-67. [DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2015.995086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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17
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Gene Therapy Used in Cancer Treatment. Biomedicines 2014; 2:149-162. [PMID: 28548065 PMCID: PMC5423469 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines2020149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Revised: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer has been, from the beginning, a target of intense research for gene therapy approaches. Currently, more than 60% of all on-going clinical gene therapy trials worldwide are targeting cancer. Indeed, there is a clear unmet medical need for novel therapies. This is further urged by the fact that current conventional cancer therapies are frequently troubled by their toxicities. Different gene therapy strategies have been employed for cancer, such as pro-drug activating suicide gene therapy, anti-angiogenic gene therapy, oncolytic virotherapy, gene therapy-based immune modulation, correction/compensation of gene defects, genetic manipulation of apoptotic and tumor invasion pathways, antisense, and RNAi strategies. Cancer types, which have been targeted with gene therapy, include brain, lung, breast, pancreatic, liver, colorectal, prostate, bladder, head and neck, skin, ovarian, and renal cancer. Currently, two cancer gene therapy products have received market approval, both of which are in China. In addition, the stimulation of the host’s immune system, using gene therapeutic approaches, has gained vast interest. The intention of this review is to point out the most commonly viral and non-viral vectors and methods used in cancer gene therapy, as well as highlight some key results achieved in clinical trials.
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Oryan A, Alidadi S, Moshiri A, Maffulli N. Bone regenerative medicine: classic options, novel strategies, and future directions. J Orthop Surg Res 2014; 9:18. [PMID: 24628910 PMCID: PMC3995444 DOI: 10.1186/1749-799x-9-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 599] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This review analyzes the literature of bone grafts and introduces tissue engineering as a strategy in this field of orthopedic surgery. We evaluated articles concerning bone grafts; analyzed characteristics, advantages, and limitations of the grafts; and provided explanations about bone-tissue engineering technologies. Many bone grafting materials are available to enhance bone healing and regeneration, from bone autografts to graft substitutes; they can be used alone or in combination. Autografts are the gold standard for this purpose, since they provide osteogenic cells, osteoinductive growth factors, and an osteoconductive scaffold, all essential for new bone growth. Autografts carry the limitations of morbidity at the harvesting site and limited availability. Allografts and xenografts carry the risk of disease transmission and rejection. Tissue engineering is a new and developing option that had been introduced to reduce limitations of bone grafts and improve the healing processes of the bone fractures and defects. The combined use of scaffolds, healing promoting factors, together with gene therapy, and, more recently, three-dimensional printing of tissue-engineered constructs may open new insights in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ali Moshiri
- Division of Surgery and Radiology, Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz 71345, Iran.
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Oryan A, Alidadi S, Moshiri A, Maffulli N. Bone regenerative medicine: classic options, novel strategies, and future directions. J Orthop Surg Res 2014. [PMID: 24628910 DOI: 10.1186/1749-799x9-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This review analyzes the literature of bone grafts and introduces tissue engineering as a strategy in this field of orthopedic surgery. We evaluated articles concerning bone grafts; analyzed characteristics, advantages, and limitations of the grafts; and provided explanations about bone-tissue engineering technologies. Many bone grafting materials are available to enhance bone healing and regeneration, from bone autografts to graft substitutes; they can be used alone or in combination. Autografts are the gold standard for this purpose, since they provide osteogenic cells, osteoinductive growth factors, and an osteoconductive scaffold, all essential for new bone growth. Autografts carry the limitations of morbidity at the harvesting site and limited availability. Allografts and xenografts carry the risk of disease transmission and rejection. Tissue engineering is a new and developing option that had been introduced to reduce limitations of bone grafts and improve the healing processes of the bone fractures and defects. The combined use of scaffolds, healing promoting factors, together with gene therapy, and, more recently, three-dimensional printing of tissue-engineered constructs may open new insights in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ali Moshiri
- Division of Surgery and Radiology, Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz 71345, Iran.
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20
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Abstract
BACKGROUND In the past two decades, regenerative surgeons have focused increasing attention on the potential of gene therapy for treatment of local disorders and injuries. Gene transfer techniques may provide an effective local and short-term induction of growth factors without the limits of other topical therapies. In 2002, Tepper and Mehrara accurately reviewed the topic: given the substantial advancement of research on this issue, an updated review is provided. METHODS Literature indexed in the National Center for Biotechnology Information database (PubMed) has been reviewed using variable combinations of keywords ("gene therapy," "regenerative medicine," "tissue regeneration," and "gene medicine"). Articles investigating the association between gene therapies and local pathologic conditions have been considered. Attention has been focused on articles published after 2002. Further literature has been obtained by analysis of references listed in reviewed articles. RESULTS Gene therapy approaches have been successfully adopted in preclinical models for treatment of a large variety of local diseases affecting almost every type of tissue. Experiences in abnormalities involving skin (e.g., chronic wounds, burn injuries, pathologic scars), bone, cartilage, endothelia, and nerves have been reviewed. In addition, the supporting role of gene therapies to other tissue-engineering approaches has been discussed. Despite initial reports, clinical evidence has been provided only for treatment of diabetic ulcers, rheumatoid arthritis, and osteoarthritis. CONCLUSIONS Translation of gene therapy strategies into human clinical trials is still a lengthy, difficult, and expensive process. Even so, cutting-edge gene therapy-based strategies in reconstructive procedures could soon set valuable milestones for development of efficient treatments in a growing number of local diseases and injuries.
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Ojea-Jiménez I, Tort O, Lorenzo J, Puntes VF. Engineered nonviral nanocarriers for intracellular gene delivery applications. Biomed Mater 2012; 7:054106. [PMID: 22972254 DOI: 10.1088/1748-6041/7/5/054106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The efficient delivery of nucleic acids into mammalian cells is a central aspect of cell biology and of medical applications, including cancer therapy and tissue engineering. Non-viral chemical methods have been received with great interest for transfecting cells. However, further development of nanocarriers that are biocompatible, efficient and suitable for clinical applications is still required. In this paper, the different material platforms for gene delivery are comparatively addressed, and the mechanisms of interaction with biological systems are discussed carefully.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Ojea-Jiménez
- Institut Català de Nanotecnologia, UAB Campus, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallés, Barcelona, Spain.
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Srouji S, Ben-David D, Fromigué O, Vaudin P, Kuhn G, Müller R, Livne E, Marie PJ. Lentiviral-Mediated Integrin α5 Expression in Human Adult Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Promotes Bone Repair in Mouse Cranial and Long-Bone Defects. Hum Gene Ther 2012; 23:167-72. [DOI: 10.1089/hum.2011.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Samer Srouji
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department, Carmel Medical Center, 32000 Haifa, Israel
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 32000 Haifa, Israel
| | - Dror Ben-David
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 32000 Haifa, Israel
| | - Olivia Fromigué
- Laboratory of Osteoblast Biology and Pathology, Inserm U606, Paris, F-75475 France
- UMR 606, University Paris Diderot, Paris, F-75475 France
| | - Pascal Vaudin
- Inserm U966, Paris, F-75475 France
- University of Tours, Tours, F-37032 France
| | - Gisela Kuhn
- Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ralph Müller
- Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Erella Livne
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 32000 Haifa, Israel
| | - Pierre J. Marie
- Laboratory of Osteoblast Biology and Pathology, Inserm U606, Paris, F-75475 France
- UMR 606, University Paris Diderot, Paris, F-75475 France
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Wirth T. A short perspective on gene therapy: Clinical experience on gene therapy of gliomablastoma multiforme. World J Exp Med 2011; 1:10-6. [PMID: 24520527 PMCID: PMC3905579 DOI: 10.5493/wjem.v1.i1.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2011] [Revised: 12/12/2011] [Accepted: 12/16/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
More than two decades have passed since the first gene therapy clinical trial was conducted. During this time, we have gained much knowledge regarding gene therapy in general, but also learned to understand the fear that persists in society. We have experienced drawbacks and successes. More than 1700 clinical trials have been conducted where gene therapy is used as a means for therapy. In the very first trial, patients with advanced melanoma were treated with tumor infiltrating lymphocytes genetically modified ex-vivo to express tumor necrosis factor. Around the same time the first gene therapy trial was conducted, the ethical aspects of performing gene therapy on humans was intensively discussed. What are the risks involved with gene therapy? Can we control the technology? What is ethically acceptable and what are the indications gene therapy can be used for? Initially, gene therapy was thought to be implemented mainly for the treatment of monogenetic diseases, such as adenosine deaminase deficiency. However, other therapeutic areas have become of interest and currently cancer is the most studied therapeutic area for gene therapy based medicines. In this review I will be giving a short introduction into gene therapy and will direct the discussion to where we should go from here. Furthermore, I will focus on the use of the Herpes simplex virus-thymidine kinase for gene therapy of malignant gliomas and highlight the efficacy of gene therapy for the treatment of malignant gliomas, but other strategies will also be mentioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Wirth
- Thomas Wirth, AI Virtanen Institute, Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Neulaniementie 2, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland
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von Erlach T, Zwicker S, Pidhatika B, Konradi R, Textor M, Hall H, Lühmann T. Formation and characterization of DNA-polymer-condensates based on poly(2-methyl-2-oxazoline) grafted poly(L-lysine) for non-viral delivery of therapeutic DNA. Biomaterials 2011; 32:5291-303. [PMID: 21514664 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.03.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2011] [Accepted: 03/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Successful gene delivery systems deliver DNA in a controlled manner combined with minimal toxicity and high transfection efficiency. Here we investigated 15 different copolymers of poly(l-lysine)-graft-poly(2-methyl-2-oxazoline) (PLL-g-PMOXA) of variable grafting densities and PMOXA molecular weights for their potential to complex and deliver plasmid DNA. PLL(20)g(7)PMOXA(4) formed at N/P charge ratio of 3.125 was found to transfect 9 ± 1.6% of COS-7 cells without impairment of cell viability. Furthermore these PLL-g-PMOXA-DNA condensates were internalized 2 h after transfection and localized in the perinuclear region after 6 h. The condensates displayed a hydrodynamic diameter of ∼100 nm and were found to be stable in serum and after 70 °C heat treatment, moreover the condensates protected DNA against DNase-I digestion. The findings suggest that DNA-PMOXA-g-PLL condensate formation for efficient DNA-delivery strongly depends on PMOXA grafting density and molecular weight showing an optimum at low grafting density between 7 and 14% and medium N/P charge ratio (3.125-6.25). Thus, PLL(20)g(7)PMOXA(4) copolymers might be promising as alternative to PLL-g-PEG-DNA condensates for delivery of therapeutic DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas von Erlach
- Cells and BioMaterials, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Switzerland
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26
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Toward delivery of multiple growth factors in tissue engineering. Biomaterials 2010; 31:6279-308. [PMID: 20493521 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2010.04.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 450] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2010] [Accepted: 04/22/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Inspired by physiological events that accompany the "wound healing cascade", the concept of developing a tissue either in vitro or in vivo has led to the integration of a wide variety of growth factors (GFs) in tissue engineering strategies in an effort to mimic the natural microenvironments of tissue formation and repair. Localised delivery of exogenous GFs is believed to be therapeutically effective for replication of cellular components involved in tissue development and the healing process, thus making them important factors for tissue regeneration. However, any treatment aiming to mimic the critical aspects of the natural biological process should not be limited to the provision of a single GF, but rather should release multiple therapeutic agents at an optimised ratio, each at a physiological dose, in a specific spatiotemporal pattern. Despite several obstacles, delivery of more than one GF at rates mimicking an in vivo situation has promising potential for the clinical management of severely diseased tissues. This article summarises the concept of and early approaches toward the delivery of dual or multiple GFs, as well as current efforts to develop sophisticated delivery platforms for this ambitious purpose, with an emphasis on the application of biomaterials-based deployment technologies that allow for controlled spatial presentation and release kinetics of key biological cues. Additionally, the use of platelet-rich plasma or gene therapy is addressed as alternative, easy, cost-effective and controllable strategies for the release of high concentrations of multiple endogenous GFs, followed by an update of the current progress and future directions of research utilising release technologies in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
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27
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Henrotin Y, Dubuc JE. Cartilage repair in osteoarthritic patients: utopia or real opportunity? F1000 MEDICINE REPORTS 2009; 1. [PMID: 20948690 PMCID: PMC2948300 DOI: 10.3410/m1-88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
As medical advances lengthen average life expectancy, osteoarthritis (OA) will become a larger public health problem - not only because it is a manifestation of aging but also because it usually takes many years to reach clinical relevance. OA is already one of the ten most disabling diseases in industrialized countries. The huge financial burden emphasizes the acute need for new and more effective treatments for articular cartilage defects, especially since there are few disease modifying drugs or treatments for OA. There is no cure for OA and the management of OA is largely palliative, focusing on the alleviation of symptoms. Recent longitudinal non-controlled trials suggest that autologous chondrocyte transplantation techniques, which are indicated for young people with traumatic cartilage defects, could also be used in degenerative defects of elderly people with OA. This report discusses this therapeutic opportunity in view of some recently published data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yves Henrotin
- Bone and Cartilage Research Unit, University of Liège CHU Sart-Tilman, 4000 Liège Belgium
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28
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Gonzalez AM, Berlanga O, Leadbeater WE, Cooper-Charles L, Sims K, Logan A, Eliceiri B, Berry M, Baird A. The deployment of adenovirus-containing gene activated matrices onto severed axons after central nervous system injury leads to transgene expression in target neuronal cell bodies. J Gene Med 2009; 11:679-88. [PMID: 19507166 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.1354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In previous studies, we showed that gene activated matrices (GAMs) containing nonviral vectors successfully deliver genes to neurons after optic nerve and spinal cord injury. In the present study, we evaluated whether adenoviral vectors delivered within a GAM increase the efficiency of local gene delivery to injured CNS neurons. Lyophilized GAMs containing collagen and adenoviral vectors were assessed in vitro and in vivo. METHODS We evaluated viral vector stability, release kinetics and efficiency of transduction for this GAM formulation in vitro using the quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy. Using PCR, reverse transcriptase-PCR and confocal microscopy, we assessed viral DNA retrograde axonal transport, green fluorescent protein (GFP) expression in retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) after GAM implantation into the wound of the rat transected optic nerve. RESULTS qPCR analyses demonstrated that 100% of viral particles were retained within the collagen after lyophilization. In vitro studies demonstrated that 60% of the particles within the GAM were infective and not released from the collagen matrix when placed in water. By 24 h, GFP expression was detected within cells that have invaded the GAM. In vivo studies demonstrated that adenoviral particles were retrogradely transported in axons from the GAM implanted at the lesion site to the RGC in the retina where the corresponding mRNA was expressed. Analysis of the efficiency of cell transduction indicated that 69% of RGC express GFP. CONCLUSIONS These studies demonstrate that lyophilized GAMs containing adenoviral particles within collagen are stable, retain a significant proportion of their infectivity and successfully and efficiently deliver genes to neurons after central nervous system injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Maria Gonzalez
- Molecular Neuroscience Group, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
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Baroli B. From natural bone grafts to tissue engineering therapeutics: Brainstorming on pharmaceutical formulative requirements and challenges. J Pharm Sci 2009; 98:1317-75. [PMID: 18729202 DOI: 10.1002/jps.21528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Tissue engineering is an emerging multidisciplinary field of investigation focused on the regeneration of diseased or injured tissues through the delivery of appropriate molecular and mechanical signals. Therefore, bone tissue engineering covers all the attempts to reestablish a normal physiology or to speed up healing of bone in all musculoskeletal disorders and injuries that are lashing modern societies. This article attempts to give a pharmaceutical perspective on the production of engineered man-made bone grafts that are described as implantable tissue engineering therapeutics, and to highlight the importance of understanding bone composition and structure, as well as osteogenesis and bone healing processes, to improve the design and development of such implants. In addition, special emphasis is given to pharmaceutical aspects that are frequently minimized, but that, instead, may be useful for formulation developments and in vitro/in vivo correlations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biancamaria Baroli
- Dip. Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, Università di Cagliari, Via Ospedale, 72, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
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30
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Chen FM, Shelton RM, Jin Y, Chapple ILC. Localized delivery of growth factors for periodontal tissue regeneration: role, strategies, and perspectives. Med Res Rev 2009; 29:472-513. [PMID: 19260070 DOI: 10.1002/med.20144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Difficulties associated with achieving predictable periodontal regeneration, means that novel techniques need to be developed in order to regenerate the extensive soft and hard tissue destruction that results from periodontitis. Localized delivery of growth factors to the periodontium is an emerging and versatile therapeutic approach, with the potential to become a powerful tool in future regenerative periodontal therapy. Optimized delivery regimes and well-defined release kinetics appear to be logical prerequisites for safe and efficacious clinical application of growth factors and to avoid unwanted side effects and toxicity. While adequate concentrations of growth factor(s) need to be appropriately localized, delivery vehicles are also expected to possess properties such as protein protection, precision in controlled release, biocompatibility and biodegradability, self-regulated therapeutic activity, potential for multiple delivery, and good cell/tissue penetration. Here, current knowledge, recent advances, and future possibilities of growth factor delivery strategies are outlined for periodontal regeneration. First, the role of those growth factors that have been implicated in the periodontal healing/regeneration process, general requirements for their delivery, and the different material types available are described. A detailed discussion follows of current strategies for the selection of devices for localized growth factor delivery, with particular emphasis placed upon their advantages and disadvantages and future prospects for ongoing studies in reconstructing the tooth supporting apparatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fa-Ming Chen
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Medicine, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
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31
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Giordano C, Causa F, Bianco F, Perale G, Netti PA, Ambrosio L, Cigada A. Gene delivery systems for gene therapy in tissue engineering and central nervous system applications. Int J Artif Organs 2009; 31:1017-26. [PMID: 19115193 DOI: 10.1177/039139880803101205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The present review aims to describe the potential applications of gene delivery systems to tissue engineering and central nervous system diseases. Some key experimental work has been done with interesting results, but the subject is far from being fully explored. The combined approach of gene therapy and material science has a huge potential to improve the therapeutic approaches now available for a wide range of medical applications. Focus is given to this multidisciplinary strategy in neurodegenerative pathologies, where the use of polymeric matrices as gene carriers might make a crucial difference.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Giordano
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering G. Natta, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy.
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32
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Wang ZY, Zhao Y, Ren L, Jin LH, Sun LP, Yin P, Zhang YF, Zhang QQ. Novel gelatin-siloxane nanoparticles decorated by Tat peptide as vectors for gene therapy. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2008; 19:445103. [PMID: 21832720 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/19/44/445103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In principle, the technique of gene delivery involves taking complete or parts of genes that can code specific messages and delivering them to selected cells in the body. Such a transfer of plasmid DNA into mammalian cells has posed major challenges for gene therapy. A series of gelatin-siloxane nanoparticles (GS NPs) with controlled size and surface charge were synthesized through a two-step sol-gel process. In order to increase the efficiency of cellular uptake, HIV-derived Tat peptide was further grafted to GS NPs. In vitro co-location and endocytosis inhibition experiments suggested that the as-synthesized TG NPs may enter HeLa cells via a combined pathway of lipid-raft- and receptor-dependent endocytosis, and only cause little cell damage. Moreover, this study shows the encapsulation of a plasmid DNA in TG NPs to be obtained as a non-viral gene vector. This kind of encapsulation provides complete protection to the plasmid DNA from the external DNase and serum environment, and generates the hope that the resulting formulation can be developed into a potential vector for effective gene delivery. In order to check this potential, the reporter gene pSVβ-gal was encapsulated, and in vitro transfection efficiency of this system was found to be nearly 130% compared to the commercially available transfection reagent Lipofectamine™.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zu-Yong Wang
- Research Center of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Biomaterials, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
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Rimann M, Lühmann T, Textor M, Guerino B, Ogier J, Hall H. Characterization of PLL-g-PEG-DNA nanoparticles for the delivery of therapeutic DNA. Bioconjug Chem 2008; 19:548-57. [PMID: 18173226 DOI: 10.1021/bc7003439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Local and controlled DNA release is a critical issue in current gene therapy. As viral gene delivery systems are associated with severe security problems, nonviral gene delivery vehicles were developed. Here, DNA-nanoparticles using grafted copolymers of PLL and PEG to increase their biocompatibility and stealth properties were systematically studied. Ten different PLL-based polymers with no, low, and high PEG grafting and PEG molecular weights as well as different PLL backbone lengths were complexed with plasmids containing 3200 to 10,100 base pairs. Stable complexes were formed and selected for cytotoxicity and transfection efficiency. Predominantly, PLL-g-PEG-DNA nanoparticles grafted with 4 or 5% PEG moieties of 5 kDa transfected 40% COS-7 cells without reduction of cell viability when formed at N/P ratios between 0.1 and 12.5. The molecular weight of PLL did not significantly affect transfection efficiency or cytotoxicity indicating that a specific cationic charge-density-to-PEG-ratio is important for efficient transfection and low cytotoxicity. The PLL-g-PEG-DNA nanoparticles were spherical with a diameter of approximately 100 nm and did not aggregate over 2 weeks. Moreover, they protected included plasmid DNA against serum components and DNase I digestion. Therefore, such storage stable and versatile PLL-g-PEG-DNA nanoparticles might be useful to deliver differently sized therapeutic DNA for in vivo applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Rimann
- Cells and BioMaterials, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Switzerland
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34
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Petersen MC, Lazar J, Jacob HJ, Wakatsuki T. Tissue engineering: a new frontier in physiological genomics. Physiol Genomics 2007; 32:28-32. [DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00165.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Considerable progress has been made in the last decade in the engineering and construction of a number of artificial tissue types. These constructs are typically viewed from the perspective of possible sources for implant and transplant materials in the clinical arena. However, incorporation of engineered tissues, often referred to as three-dimensional (3D) cell culture, also offers the possibility for significant advancements in research for physiological genomics. These 3D systems more readily mimic the in vivo setting than traditional 2D cell culture, and offer distinct advantages over the in vivo setting for some organ systems. As an example, cardiac cells in 3D culture 1) are more accessible for siRNA studies, 2) can be engineered with specific cell types, and 3) offer the potential for high-throughput screening of gene function. Here the state-of-the-art is reviewed and the applications for engineered tissue in genomics research are proposed. The ability to use engineered tissue in combination with genomics creates a bridge between traditional cellular and in vivo studies that is critical to enabling the transition of genetic information into mechanistic understanding of disease processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew C. Petersen
- Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
- Biotechnology & Bioengineering Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Jozef Lazar
- Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
- Dermatology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
- Human Molecular Genetics Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Howard J. Jacob
- Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
- Human Molecular Genetics Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
- Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Tetsuro Wakatsuki
- Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
- Biotechnology & Bioengineering Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
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